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Chiral Separations: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #243)
by Gerald Gübitz Martin G. SchmidProminent experts from around the world detail the chromatographic and electroseparation techniques they have developed for chiral separations on an analytical scale. Described in step-by-step detail to ensure successful experimental results, the procedures are presented as either general methods or as specific applications to substance classes and special compounds, with emphasis on high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis techniques, but also including thin layer chromotographic, gas chromatographic, supercritical fluid chromatographic as well as recent electrochromotographic techniques.
Chiral Separations: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #970)
by Gerhard K. ScribaThere is a demand for analytical methods that are able to discriminate between enantiomers in order to analyze the enantiomeric purity of compounds from natural or chemical sources not only in pharmaceutical sciences but in any field on bioactive compounds including chemistry, biology, biochemistry, forensic, and environmental sciences and many others. The second edition of Chiral Separations: Methods and Protocols, expands upon the previous edition with current methodology, providing an overview and especially practically oriented applications of the most important analytical techniques in chiral separation sciences. New chapters on analytical separation sciences by chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques have been added as has simulated moving bed chromatography as a preparative method. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, the chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Chiral Separations: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is helpful for analytical chemists working on stereochemical problems in fields or pharmacy, chemistry, biochemistry, food chemistry, molecular biology, forensics, environmental sciences or cosmetics in academia, government or industry.
Chiral Separations: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1985)
by Gerhard K. E. ScribaThis detailed book focuses on analytical separations by chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques, providing some overview along with numerous practically-oriented applications of the most important analytical techniques in chiral separation sciences. While some compounds may only be enantioseparated with one technique based on the physico-chemical properties, often the analyst can choose between two or more analytical techniques for a given analyte, which requires knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of each technique in order to select the most appropriate method for the given problem. This collection binds that knowledge in one volume. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Chiral Separations: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition serves as a helpful guide for analytical chemists working on stereochemical problems in the fields of pharmacy, chemistry, biochemistry, food chemistry, molecular biology, forensics, environmental sciences, or cosmetics in academia, government, or industry.
Chiral Separations and Stereochemical Elucidation: Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications
by Quezia Bezerra Cass Maria Elizabeth Tiritan João Marcos Batista Junior Juliana Cristina BarreiroAn expert resource for chemists using stereochemical analysis methods In Chiral Separations and Stereochemical Elucidation: Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a robust and authoritative discussion of the theoretical fundamentals of chiral separation, the most commonly used chiral selectors, and stereochemical elucidation methods. The book offers expert discussions of a variety of chiral separation methods by gas chromatography (GC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and liquid chromatography (LC). The authors also describe several methods for stereochemical elucidation, including X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and chiroptical methods. The explored material is ideal for practicing chemists seeking a resource to help them guide method development and optimization or to explain quality control-complements during target compound production. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the most important advances and applications in LC, GC, CE, SFC, and preparative chromatography Comprehensive explorations of the role of 2D-LC for chiral separation methods development and applications Practical discussions of the design, mechanisms, and applications of the most commonly used chiral selectors Fulsome treatments of the theoretical backgrounds, advantages, limitations, and applications of stereochemical elucidation methodsPerfect for academic and industrial chemists specially in organic, analytical chemistry and pharmaceutical analysis. Chiral Separations and Stereochemical Elucidation: Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications will also benefit biochemists, environmental analysts, forensic and medicinal chemists as well as natural product chemists and those involved with stereochemistry or structural elucidation.
Chiral Separations by Capillary Electrophoresis
by Ann Van Eeckhaut Yvette MichotteCovers the Fundamentals of Chiral Separation, Available Chiral Selectors, and Numerous Applications of Chiral Separation by Capillary ElectrophoresisSince the 1980s, modern analytical tools have enabled capillary electrophoresis to become a standard part of the chemist's toolkit. With contributions from international experts, Chiral Separations by
Chiral Separations By Liquid Chromatography And Related Technologies
by Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein Imran AliUnique in its systematic and detailed description of the various types, structures, and properties of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) and their preparation, application, and future scope, this volume highlights an assortment of liquid chromatographic approaches, including sub- and super-critical fluid chromatography, capillary electrochromatography
Chirality and Life: A Short Introduction to the Early Phases of Chemical Evolution
by Rolf M. FlügelThis book presents the fascinating formation of the first simple bioorganic molecules and describes the hidden aspects of chiral compounds, which raise questions on the molecular beginnings of life. The occurrences of extraterrestrial, non-standard amino acids in meteorites are dealt with in detail, as well as their subsequent transfer to proteinogenic amino acids. The concept of asymmetric organo-catalysis for the synthesis of carbohydrates and ribonucleosides are considered. The notion of a single amino acid that functions as an enzyme is developed. Attempts to simulate ancient world scenarios are critically reviewed. There is a special focus on ribozymes and the resulting RNA world. Combinations of different world scenarios are discussed in view of an on-going evolution. The currently most plausible hypotheses and visions of ancient world scenarios that led to today's DNA world are also provided. Included is a pre-cellular world of viruses that is presented for the first time.
Chirality and Wobbling in Atomic Nuclei
by Costel Marian PetracheThe book provides an introduction to both theoretical and experimental results on chirality and wobbling in atomic nuclei.It details the achievements in the study of chirality over the past 25 years since the first prediction of this mode of collective motion in nuclei, as well as those on the wobbling motion. It offers a detailed review of the most relevant theoretical developments on both types of collective motion and the experimental results supporting or not the theoretical predictions.Different views on wobbling are included and confronted with the contradicting experimental results on low-spin wobbling. It is intended to foster further the research on these types of exotic collective motion in nuclei. Which and how these exotic collective motions occur in nuclei, which are their predicted fingerprints and how they are supported by the experimental facts will be presented. Polemics, debates, and ambiguities of the interpretation of the experimental results will be exposed.The reader will have the opportunity to have together different views on the two phenomena which animated the scientific activity in low-energy nuclear physics in many laboratories around the world. The book will be a valuable reference for PhD students, post-docs and researchers in addition to universities and research institutions.Key Features: The first book on chirality and wobbling in nuclei Contains a comprehensive review of topics related to chirality and wobbling, including both theoretical and experimental aspects Contains chapters from leading researchers in the field.
Chirality at Solid Surfaces
by Stephen J. JenkinsA comprehensive introduction to the fundamental aspects of surface chirality, covering both chemical and physical consequences Written by a leading expert in the field, Chirality at Solid Surfaces offers an introduction to the concept of chirality at surfaces, starting from the foundation of chirality in isolated molecules and bulk systems. Fundamental properties such as surface energy and surface stress are then linked to a universal systematization of surface structure and symmetry. The author includes key examples of surface chemistry and physics, such as the interplay between adsorbate and substrate chirality, amplification of chirality, chiral catalysis, and the influence of surface chirality upon optical and magnetic phenomena. The book also explores the chirality apparent in the electronic structure of graphene, topological insulators and half-metallic materials. This important reference: Provides an introduction to the fundamental concept of chirality Contains discussions of the chemical and physical consequences of surface chirality, including magnetic, electronic and optical properties in addition to molecular properties Offers an account of the most current research needed to support growth in the field Written for surface scientists, professionals in the field, academics, and students, Chirality at Solid Surfaces is an essential resource that contains an overview of the fundamentals of surface chirality and reviews both the chemical and physical consequences.
Chirality in Biological Nanospaces: Reactions in Active Sites
by Nilashis NandiChirality is widely studied and omnipresent in biological molecules. However, how the retention of enantiomeric forms persists in many life processes without racemization is still unclear, and the molecular understanding of the stringent chiral specificity in enzymatic reactions is sparse. Vital life processes occur within the active sites of large biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. These nanodimensional structures greatly accelerate biological reactions. The chirality of the reactants also has a strong influence on the process, but its importance in such biological reactions has only recently begun to be understood. This book explores the influence of chirality on reaction mechanisms in such biological nanospaces. The text addresses the influence of the chirality of amino acid and sugar in the active sites of transferase, oxidoreductases, hydrolases, lysases, isomerase, ligases, and other systems. It also covers ribosomal architecture.
Chirality in Drug Design and Development
by Indra K. Reddy Reza MehvarCovering every essential element in the development of chiral products, this reference provides a solid overview of the formulation, biopharmaceutical characteristics, and regulatory issues impacting the production of these pharmaceuticals. It supports researchers as they evaluate the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological characterist
Chirality in Supramolecular Assemblies: Causes and Consequences
by F. Richard KeeneSupramolecular chemistry deals with the organisation of molecules into defined assemblies using non-covalent interactions, including weaker and reversible interactions such as hydrogen bonds, and metal-ligand interactions. The aspect of stereochemistry within such chemical architectures, and in particular chirality, is of special interest as it impacts on considerations of molecular recognition, the development of functional materials, the vexed question of homochirality, nanoscale effects of interactions at interfaces, biocatalysis and enzymatic catalysis, and applications in organic synthesis. Chirality in Supramolecular Assemblies addresses many of these aspects, presenting a broad overview of this important and rapidly developing interdisciplinary field. Topics covered include: * Origins of molecular and topological chirality * Homochirogenesis * Chirality in crystallinity * Host-guest behavior * Chiral influences in functional materials * Chirality in network solids and coordination solids * Aspects of chirality at interfaces * Chirality in organic assemblies * Chirality related to biocatalysis and enzymes in organic synthesis. This book is a valuable reference for researchers in the molecular sciences, materials science and biological science working with chiral supramolecular systems. It provides summaries and special insights by acknowledged international experts in the various fields.
Chirality, Magnetism and Magnetoelectricity: Separate Phenomena and Joint Effects in Metamaterial Structures (Topics in Applied Physics #138)
by Eugene KamenetskiiThis book discusses theoretical and experimental advances in metamaterial structures, which are of fundamental importance to many applications in microwave and optical-wave physics and materials science. Metamaterial structures exhibit time-reversal and space-inversion symmetry breaking due to the effects of magnetism and chirality. The book addresses the characteristic properties of various symmetry breaking processes by studying field-matter interaction with use of conventional electromagnetic waves and novel types of engineered fields: twisted-photon fields, toroidal fields, and magnetoelectric fields. In a system with a combined effect of simultaneous breaking of space and time inversion symmetries, one observes the magnetochiral effect. Another similar phenomenon featuring space-time inversion symmetries is related to use of magnetoelectric materials. Cross-coupling of the electric and magnetic components in these material structures, leading to the appearance of new magnetic modes with an electric excitation channel – electromagnons and skyrmions – has resulted in a wealth of strong optical effects such as directional dichroism, magnetochiral dichroism, and rotatory power of the fields. This book contains multifaceted contributions from international leading experts and covers the essential aspects of symmetry-breaking effects, including theory, modeling and design, proven and potential applications in practical devices, fabrication, characterization and measurement. It is ideally suited as an introduction and basic reference work for researchers and graduate students entering this field.
Chironomidae of Central America: An Illustrated Introduction To Larval Subfossils
by Ladislav Hamerlik Fabio Laurindo da SilvaThis illustrated introduction to Central American Chironomidae offers extensive photographic material, as well as detailed morphological and ecological descriptions of chironomid subfossils found in Central American lake sediments. The book uniquely provides two identification keys: one for living larvae occurring (or potentially being present) in Central America and one for the recorded subfossil remains, using limited morphological characters. Paleolimnological investigations using chironomid remains have undergone a resurgence of interest, and this taxonomic guide will aid the thorough analysis of the diversity and distribution of the taxa encountered to date in Central America. Out of the total 64 described genera, the book brings 20 endemic genera, and more than half of the presented morphotypes are new. Plates are included for each taxon with generic characters and also provide a key to morphotypes, if present, their specific characters, distribution, and ecology. Authored by a (paleo)limnologist and a taxonomist, the guide draws on a thorough taxonomical knowledge of the region’s recent chironomid fauna. It uses a paleolimnological approach to transmit this information to morphotypes that can be linked with ecology and used to reconstruct the past development of nature. The book thus helps paleo-workers and taxonomists to learn more about these fascinating insects and, through them, to discover the world around us. Providing a comprehensive reference for aquatic ecologists, paleolimnologists, students, and researchers, the guide will also be of interest to non-academic professionals working on applied research and biomonitoring of lakes. It will be useful for people studying both recent and subfossil material, not only in Central America, but in the whole Neotropical region.
Chiroptera (Handbook of the Mammals of Europe)
by Danilo RussoPreliminaryThis volume provides comprehensive overviews of each European bat species’ biology including palaeontology, physiology, genetics, reproduction and development, ecology, habitat, diet, mortality and age determination. Their economic significance and management, as well as future challenges for research and conservation are also addressed. Each chapter includes a distribution map, a photograph of the animal and key literature. This authoritative volume of the Handbook of the Mammals of Europe is a timely and detailed compilation of all European bats and will appeal to academics, students and professionals in mammal research.
Chiroptical Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications
by Prasad L. PolavarapuThis book details chiroptical spectroscopic methods: electronic circular dichroism (ECD), optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), and vibrational Raman optical activity (VROA). For each technique, the text presents experimental methods for measurements and theoretical methods for analyzing the experimental data. It also includes a set of experiments that can be adopted for undergraduate teaching laboratories. Each chapter is written in an easy-to-follow format for novice readers, with necessary theoretical formalism in appendices for advanced readers.
Chirotheres: Tracking the Ancestors of Dinosaurs and Crocodiles (Life of the Past)
by Hendrik Klein Andrew B. HeckertComprehensive in detail and worldwide in scope, Chirotheres is the definitive compendium of what is known about the five-toed footprints of Triassic archosaurs, ancestors of the crocodiles. Sandstone slabs with extensive trackways have been known for almost two centuries and are highlights in museum exhibits around the globe. These trackways provide direct insight into the locomotion and behavior of the fascinating reptiles that made these tracks, and, together with known skeletons, they allow a richer reconstruction of chirothere lifestyle than is possible from bones alone.Written by expert researchers in the fields of vertebrate ichnology, vertebrate paleontology, and scientific illustration, Chirotheres explores the various facets ofchirothere research including the history of their study, footprint formation and preservation, the bone record, the environment and lifestyle of chirotheres, and finally, their disappearance at the end of the Triassic.Chirotheres also featuresa global compendium of track collections with chirothere material, including specimen numbers, detailed phylogenetic definitions of track makers, and extensive measurements from key chirothere tracks and trackways. It represents an invaluable resource of anyone interested in these ancient animals.
Chitin: Formation and Diagenesis (Topics in Geobiology #34)
by Neal S. GuptaThere are several books on properties of chitin and associated biomolecules and their biochemical significance. However, the present volume deals with a wide variety of biogeochemical and organic geochemical aspects of this vital macromolecule written by leading authors and experts in the field. Each chapter is carefully peer reviewed and is an updated account of recent research in isotopic, nanostructural, biochemical, microstructural, geochemical, paleontological and experimental aspects of chitin formation, distribution and preservation in the environment and earth history.
Chitin and Chitosan: Science and Engineering (Engineering Materials and Processes)
by Shameem Hasan Veera M. Boddu Dabir S. Viswanath Tushar K. GhoshThis book reviews work that covers everything from basic chemistry to advanced applications. Chitin and chitosan are used in a plethora of applications from wastewater treatment to prosthetics. After introducing the subject of polysaccharides as a whole, the authors turn to the preparation of chitin and chitosan and the characterization of the latter. The book provides information on chitin chemistry, extraction of chitin, chitosan preparation processes, and the applications of their derivatives in various fields. Among the applications that are included in detail are the adsorption of heavy metals for pollution prevention and clean-up, biosensors, cosmetics, various medical applications from anti-tumor activity to bone tissue engineering, agriculture and food production, and proton exchange membranes for fuel cells.Chitin and Chitosan features:• information on molecular structure, synthesis, properties, and latest research related to chitin and chitosan;• coverage of a wide range of topics from the properties of chitosan to its derivatives and applications;• in-depth information on biomedical applications of chitin and chitosan; and• information that can be applied to other biopolymer processing engineering areas.This book will be of interest to practitioners working in a wide variety of industries for which chitin and chitosan are useful materials, researchers in biosensors and heavy-metal adsorption, and to academic researchers investigating the properties, preparation, and uses of these materials.
Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications (Wiley Series in Renewable Resource)
by Christian V. StevensOffers a comprehensive guide to the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. These promising biomaterials have the potential to be broadly applied and there is a growing market for these biopolymers in areas such as medical and pharmaceutical, packaging, agricultural, textile, cosmetics, nanoparticles and more. The authors – noted experts in the field – explore the isolation, characterization and the physical and chemical properties of chitin and chitosan. They also examine their properties such as hydrogels, immunomodulation and biotechnology, antimicrobial activity and chemical enzymatic modifications. The book offers an analysis of the myriad medical and pharmaceutical applications as well as a review of applications in other areas. In addition, the authors discuss regulations, markets and perspectives for the use of chitin and chitosan. This important book: Offers a thorough review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. Contains information on the wide-ranging applications and growing market demand for chitin and chitosan Includes a discussion of current regulations and the outlook for the future Written for Researchers in academia and industry who are working in the fields of chitin and chitosan, Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications offers a review of these promising biomaterials that have great potential due to their material properties and biological functionalities.
Chitin- and Chitosan-Based Biocomposites for Food Packaging Applications
by Sabu Thomas Jissy Jacob Sravanthi LoganathanChitin is one of the most important biopolymers, synthesized by an enormous number of living organisms and is a promising bioactive polymer for food packaging applications due to its functional properties. This book focuses on composition, properties, characterization, and theoretical approach of chitin and chitosan bio-composites. It describes the most recent studies concerning chitin and chitosan-based films and gives an overview about future trends regarding the industrial applications of chitin and chitosan for food packaging purposes. This book is especially useful for researchers in the fields of bionanocomposites, especially those with an interest in packaging applications.
Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives: Advances in Drug Discovery and Developments
by Jie ZhangA natural long-chain polymer, chitin is the main component of the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods (including crustaceans and insects), the radulas of mollusks, and the beaks and internal shells of cephalopods. However, marine crustacean shells are the primary sources of the chitin derivative chitosan. Chitin and chitosan are use
Chitin and Chitosans in the Bioeconomy
by Serge Perez Jean-Luc WertzChitin is the second most abundant natural polymer in the world after cellulose, mainly derived from the food waste of shrimp and crabs. Chitosan is the most important derivative of chitin. Thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and versatile chemical and physical properties, chitin and chitosan derivatives are used in a wide variety of applications, including water treatment, cosmetics and toiletries, food and beverages, healthcare/medical, and agrochemicals. Chitin and Chitosans in the Bioeconomy covers all major aspects of chitin and chitosan, including structure, biosynthesis, biodegradation, properties of chitin and derivatives, applications, and market. It offers a special focus on the bioeconomy, which is the renewable segment of the circular economy. Describes the structure, biosynthesis, and biodegradation of chitin and chitosan Covers chitin- and chitosan-based products Details valorization of these materials Presents information on shell biorefineries Chitin and Chitosans in the Bioeconomy serves as a reference for polymer scientists and engineers and is also accessible to economists and advanced students.
Chitin-Based Nanoparticles for the Agriculture Sectors (Smart Nanomaterials Technology)
by Rakesh Kumar Bachheti Archana Bachheti Azamal HusenThis book provides an overview of chitin-based nanoparticles, including their properties, synthesis methods, and characterization techniques. It will also discuss the potential uses of chitin-based nanoparticles in agriculture, such as in crop protection, nutrient delivery, and soil improvement as well as potential areas for future research and development. Overall, the book would present a comprehensive and accessible resource for researchers, agricultural workers, policymakers, and other stakeholders who are interested in learning about the potential applications and benefits of chitin-based nanoparticles in agriculture.
Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives: Biological Activities and Applications
by Se-Kwon KimBiopolymers found in marine animals and plants offer tremendous, largely untapped pharmaceutical potential. Research shows that these biopolymers can be used to combat various infectious as well as inflammatory, oxidative, and carcinogenic factors. Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives: Biological Activities and Applications cove