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Chitosan: Properties and Applications in Bioengineering (Synthesis Lectures on Engineering, Science, and Technology)
by Diana Marcela Escobar SierraChitosan: Properties and Applications in Bioengineering presents a review of chitosan, including information regarding its structure, main properties, available sources, extraction, and processing techniques. It presents the different applications of chitosan as a biomaterial in fields such as medicine and the agricultural, cosmetology, pharmaceutical, and food industries to have readers obtain a more technical vision of the current use of this biopolymer. The book has been researched and written based on the data collected through several years of work in the Biomaterials Research Group, part of the University of Antioquia Bioengineering Program. This concise guide will be valuable for researchers and students in biomaterials, bioengineering, the basic sciences, chemical engineering, and biomedical engineering.
Chitosan: Derivatives, Composites and Applications
by Saiqa Ikram Shakeel AhmedThis book delves deeply in to the preparation, characterization and multiple applications of chitin and chitosan. The 17 chapters written by leading experts is an excellent reference source and state-of-the-art review for researchers and scientists using chitosan or biopolymers in their respective areas. This book is divided into following sections:• Production and derivatives of chitosan• Chitosan in the textile and food industries• Chitosan in biomedical applications• Chitosan in agriculture and water treatment The book is practical as readers will be able to see descriptions of chitosan production methods as well as techniques that can be used to estimate and modify their physical and chemical properties. It provides a full description not only of the traditional and recent developments in the applications of chitosan in the fields of biotechnology, environmental studies, food, medicine, water treatments, drug delivery, but it includes all of the therapeutically usages as well.
Chitosan-Based Hydrogels: Functions and Applications
by Kangde Yao Junjie Li Fanglian Yao Yuji YinDue to their unique properties, chitosan-based materials have emerged as useful resources in a variety of medicines, drug controlled-release carriers, tissue engineering scaffolds, and immobilized enzymes. But many of these materials have yet to reach the commercial market. Therefore, more work must be completed to fill the gap between research and
Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Materials: Fabrication, Characterization and Biomedical Applications
by Shikha GulatiThis book highlights the state-of-the-art research and discovery in the use of chitosan-based nanocomposites in biomedical applications, including the scope to which these novel materials have been incorporated by the community. It provides an exceptional insight into the strategies for the synthesis and chemical modifications of chitosan, characterization techniques, their use as anticancer agents, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal agents, their role in the biomedical field, and applications in drug delivery, gene therapy, dentistry, orthopedics, etc. This book will also emphasize the challenges with previous signs of progress and way for further research, details relating to the current pioneering technology, and future perspectives with a multidisciplinary approach. Furthermore, it presents up-to-date information on the economics, toxicity, and regulations related to these novel materials.
Chitosan Based Nanomaterials in Plant Growth and Protection (SpringerBriefs in Plant Science)
by Vinod Saharan Ajay PalThis brief describes various methods of chitosan nano-materials synthesis, with detailed discussion of various factors effecting its synthesis process, stability and physicochemical properties. Chitosan is naturally occurring biopolymer derived from chitin. Due to the unique biological properties of chitosan nano-materials such as antimicrobial, plant growth inducer, plant defense modulator, chitosan has gained attention in fields of plant sciences. Book further extended the details of different types of chitosan nano-materials specially for plant applications along with its future prospects in plant protection and growth. Bioactivities of chitosan nano-materials and its mechanism have also been covered. This book aims to widening the understanding of the synthesis, characterization and use of chitosan based nano-materials in plant system.
Chitosan-Based Systems for Biopharmaceuticals
by Jose Das Neves Bruno SarmentoChitosan is a linear polysaccharide commercially produced by the deacetylation of chitin. It is non-toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, and acts as a bioadhesive with otherwise unstable biomolecules - making it a valuable component in the formulation of biopharmaceutical drugs.Chitosan-Based Systems for Biopharmaceuticals provides an extensive overview of the application of chitosan and its derivatives in the development and optimisation of biopharmaceuticals. The book is divided in four different parts. Part I discusses general aspects of chitosan and its derivatives, with particular emphasis on issues related to the development of biopharmaceutical chitosan-based systems. Part II deals with the use of chitosan and derivatives in the formulation and delivery of biopharmaceuticals, and focuses on the synergistic effects between chitosan and this particular subset of pharmaceuticals. Part III discusses specific applications of chitosan and its derivatives for biopharmaceutical use. Finally, Part IV presents diverse viewpoints on different issues such as regulatory, manufacturing and toxicological requirements of chitosan and its derivatives related to the development of biopharmaceutical products, as well as their patent status, and clinical application and potential.Topics covered include:chemical and technological advances in chitins and chitosans useful for the formulation of biopharmaceuticalsphysical properties of chitosan and derivatives in sol and gel statesabsorption promotion properties of chitosan and derivativesbiocompatibility and biodegradation of chitosan and derivativesbiological and pharmacological activity of chitosan and derivativesbiological, chemical and physical compatibility of chitosan and biopharmaceuticalsapproaches for functional modification or crosslinking of chitosanuse of chitosan and derivatives in conventional biopharmaceutical dosage formsmanufacture techniques of chitosan-based microparticles and nanoparticles for biopharmaceuticalschitosan and derivatives for biopharmaceutical use: mucoadhesive propertieschitosan-based systems for mucosal delivery of biopharmaceuticalschitosan-based delivery systems for mucosal vaccinationchitosan-based nanoparticulates for oral delivery of biopharmaceuticalschitosan-based systems for ocular delivery of biopharmaceuticalschemical modification of chitosan for delivery of DNA and siRNAtarget-specific chitosan-based nanoparticle systems for nucleic acid deliveryfunctional PEGylated chitosan systems for biopharmaceuticalsstimuli-sensitive chitosan-based systems for biopharmaceuticalschitosan copolymers for biopharmaceuticalsapplication of chitosan for anti-cancer biopharmaceutical deliverychitosan-based biopharmaceuticals scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicinewound healing properties of chitosan and its use in wound dressing biopharmaceuticalstoxicological properties of chitosan and derivatives for biopharmaceutical applicationsregulatory status of chitosan and derivativespatentability and intellectual property issuesquality control and good manufacturing practicepreclinical and clinical use of chitosan and derivatives for biopharmaceuticalsChitosan-Based Systems for Biopharmaceuticals is an important compendium of fundamental concepts, practical tools and applications of chitosan-based biopharmaceuticals for researchers in academia and industry working in drug formulation and delivery, biopharmaceuticals, medicinal chemistry, pharmacy, bioengineering and new materials development.
Chitosan for Biomaterials I (Advances in Polymer Science #243)
by Riccardo A. Muzzarelli M. Prabaharan R. JayakumarPolymeric Nanoparticles of Chitosan Derivatives as DNA and siRNA Carriers, by Y. K. Kim, H. L. Jiang, Y. J. Choi, I. K. Park, M. H. Cho and C. S. Cho.- Chitosan and Its Derivatives for Drug Delivery Perspective, by T. A. Sonia and C. P. Sharma.- Chitosan-based Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy, by V.-K. Lakshmanan, K. S. Snima, J. D. Bumgardner, S. V. Nair, and R. Jayakumar.- Chitosan and Thiolated Chitosan, by F. Sarti and A. Bernkop-Schnürch.- Chitosan-Based Particulate Systems for Non-Invasive Vaccine Delivery, by S. Şenel.- Multifunctional Chitosan Nanoparticles for Tumor Imaging and Therapy, by J. Y. Yhee, Heebeom Koo, Dong Eun Lee, Kuiwon Choi, Ick Chan Kwon and Kwangmeyung Kim.- Chitosan-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging and Drug Delivery, by H. Arami, Z. Stephen, O. Veiseh and M. Zhang.- Chitosan: Its Applications in Drug-Eluting Devices, by Mei -Chin Chen, Fwu -Long Mi, Zi -Xian Liao and Hsing -Wen Sung.-
Chitosan for Biomaterials III: Structure-Property Relationships (Advances in Polymer Science #287)
by R. Jayakumar M. PrabaharanThis volume deals with chemical modification, structure-property relationship, biological interaction and biomedical applications of chitosan and its chemically modified derivatives. The chapters of this volume provide an overview of the structural comparison of chitosan with other sugar-based biopolymers, a different type of strategy used in chemical modification of chitosan to interact with metal ions and to enhance antimicrobial activity. The chapters further discuss the development of functionalized chitosan hydrogels, films, scaffolds and composites that have the potential to be used in food packaging, enhancing saltiness, biosensors and wound dressing. In addition the fabrication and biological properties of chitosan and its derivatives-based nanofibers are presented. Another important aspect covered in this volume is that of the interaction of chitosan with blood, platelet-rich plasma and stem cells. Finally, this volume presents the current challenges in the development of biomedical products based on chitosan and its derivatives. The volume will be of interest to chemists, material science, biological science and biomaterial scientists can able to understand structure-property relationship, biological interaction and biomedical applications of chitosan and its derivatives.
Chitosan for Biomaterials IV: Biomedical Applications (Advances in Polymer Science #288)
by R. Jayakumar M. PrabaharanThis volume presents the recent developments on the biomedical applications of chitosan and its derivatives. Chitosan exhibits unique properties such as non-toxicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Since its chemical structure and properties can be easily modified, it can be an ideal candidate as a biomaterial. Consequently, chitosan and its derivatives are being developed in different forms such as nanoparticles, micelles, nanofibers, hydrogels, films and 3D porous materials for various biomedical applications, ranging from drug and gene delivery to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The chapters of this volume focus on the potential use of chitosan and its derivatives as a hemostatic agent, tissue sealants, tissue engineering scaffolds, delivery carriers for bioactive molecules in bone tissue engineering and wound dressings. Some chapter’s deal with recent advancements of chitosan-based biomaterials as a drug, gene and transdermal drug delivery carrier. In addition, the volume focusses on the prospects of chitosan-based systems for the treatment of cancer, eye and other infectious diseases. The volume will be of interest to material scientists, chemists and biotechnologists by providing a better understanding of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of chitosan and its derivatives to develop more appropriate and innovative chitosan-based materials modified for unlimited practical applications in biomedical fields.
Chitosan for Biomaterials V: Insight into Pharmaceutical Uses (Advances in Polymer Science #295)
by R. JayakumarThis volume offers an overview of Chitosan's role in facilitating peptide and biomolecule delivery, microbial resistance in wound care, tissue engineering, hemostasis, and drug delivery. It further delves into the challenges and potential applications of chitosan and its chemically modified derivatives within the pharmaceutical industry, with a particular focus on ocular and oral drug delivery, as well as targeted drug delivery systems. Moreover, this volume sheds light on the prominent use of chitosan and its derivatives, whether in their original forms or as membranes, beads, scaffolds, or films, within the domains of tissue engineering, wound healing, and hemostasis. Collectively, this comprehensive exploration aims to enhance our understanding of recent advancements and innovative chitosan-based systems in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications, thereby illuminating the myriad possibilities that lie ahead.
Chitosan Nanocomposites: Bionanomechanical Applications (Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering)
by Sarat Kumar Swain Anuradha BiswalThe book presents chitosan and chitosan-based nanocomposites and their extensive applications in medical science. Utilization of chitosan nanostructured composites in different biomedical applications is highlighted. The book is suitable to be used as reference/textbook for studying the biological aspects of chitosan hybrid materials and their efficacy in different therapeutic applications. The important features of the book are summarized as follows:Chitosan as an overviewKey biological aspects of chitosan-based nanocompositesSynthetic techniques for fabrication of chitosan nanocomposites for biomedical applicationsDesigning of chitosan-based smart materials for release of therapeuticsFabrication of nanostructured chitosan-based devices for diagnosis and sensing applicationsChitosan nanocomposites for regenerative applicationsMedicinal and therapeutic efficacy of chitosan-based hybrid materials.
Chlamydia trachomatis: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2042)
by Amanda Claire BrownThis book explores cutting-edge methods to work with the notoriously difficult, but highly prevalent, obligate intracellular pathogen, Chlamydia trachomatis. These include techniques to identify Chlamydia trachomatis in patient samples, ranging from simple point-of-care tests to whole genome sequencing; methods for propagation of strains in both cell culture and animal models; techniques to manipulate Chlamydia trachomatis in molecular genetic methodologies; a high-throughput screening method for testing new potential drugs against intracellular bacteria; a screen for antibiotic resistance; methods for labeling and enumeration; and descriptions of genotyping technologies, as well as dual RNA-Seq transcriptional profiling. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative, practical, and relevant, Chlamydia trachomatis: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal reference for scientists searching for a better understanding of the pathogen, allowing for the development of improved treatment regimens and the discovery of new drugs.
Chlamydomonas: Biotechnology and Biomedicine (Microbiology Monographs #31)
by Michael HipplerThis Microbiology Monographs volume covers the current and most recent advances in genomics and genetics, biochemistry, physiology, and molecular biology of C. reinhardtii. Expert international scientists contribute with reviews on the genome, post-genomic techniques, the genetic toolbox development as well as new insights in regulation of photosynthesis and acclimation strategies towards environmental stresses and other structural and genetic aspects, including applicable aspects in biotechnology and biomedicine. Advancement in Chlamydomonas biology allowed new understandings in biotechnological and biomedical related aspects.
Chlamydomonas: Molecular Genetics and Physiology (Microbiology Monographs #30)
by Michael HipplerThis Microbiology Monographs volume covers the current and most recent advances in genomics and genetics, biochemistry, physiology, and molecular biology of C. reinhardtii. Expert international scientists contribute with reviews on the genome, post-genomic techniques, the genetic toolbox development as well as new insights in regulation of photosynthesis and acclimation strategies towards environmental stresses and other structural and genetic aspects, including applicable aspects in biotechnology and biomedicine. Powerful new strategies in functional genomic and genetics combined with biochemical and physiological analyses revealed new insights into Chlamydomonas biology.
Chlorinated Insecticides: Biological and Environmental Aspects Volume II (CRC Press Revivals)
by G.T BrooksVolume I of Chlorinated Insecticides considered the technology of these compounds in a historical context, tracing their development up to the resent time. The accounts of the numerous applications in insect control given there provide a link with Volume II in that they pose many questions about the interactions of these compounds with living organisms. Some of these questions will be examined in the Subsequent Chapters of this book.
Chlorinated Insecticides: Technology and Application Volume I (CRC Press Revivals)
by G.T BrooksThis definitive and most detail work ever to have been published, devoted exclusively to the chemistry and biology of chlorinated insecticides, comes from the authoritative pen of a leading investigator in this field. It should serve for many years to come as the prime reference source both for instructional and research purposes, for it not only delineates that which is known about this valuable class of compounds, but also emphasises those important biological and ecological areas in which our knowledge is still much too sketchy and in which further investigation may be expected to uncover facts of great interest and wide applicability.
Chlorinated Paraffins (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #10)
by C. De BoerChlorinated paraffins are one of the last classes of chlorinated compounds that are still being produced worldwide and used in high quantities in many applications. They are particularly used in cutting oils in the metal industry, but also as lubricants, plasticizers, flame retardants and as additives in adhesives, rubber, paints and sealants. This volume covers the state-of-the-art of methods for the synthesis and analysis of chlorinated paraffins. Experts in the field provide an overview of their worldwide occurrence and utilization and describe their toxicological properties. International regulations and production volumes are presented as well as an example of a risk assessment study that was carried out in Japan. This book is a valuable and comprehensive source of information for environmental scientists interested in the occurrence and toxicology of chlorinated paraffins and for authorities and producers.
Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Aquatic Sciences: Methods And Applications (Developments in Applied Phycology #4)
by Michael A. Borowitzka David J. Suggett Ondrej PrášilMeasurements of variable chlorophyll fluorescence have revolutionised global research of photosynthetic bacteria, algae and plants and in turn assessment of the status of aquatic ecosystems, a success that has partly been facilitated by the widespread commercialisation of a suite of chlorophyll fluorometers designed for almost every application in lakes, rivers and oceans. Numerous publications have been produced as researchers and assessors have simultaneously sought to optimise protocols and practices for key organisms or water bodies; however, such parallel efforts have led to difficulties in reconciling processes and patterns across the aquatic sciences. This book follows on from the first international conference on "chlorophyll fluorescence in the aquatic sciences" (AQUAFLUO 2007): to bridge the gaps between the concept, measurement and application of chlorophyll fluorescence through the synthesis and integration of current knowledge from leading researchers and assessors as well as instrument manufacturers.
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Technological Applications
by Constantin A. RebeizHeme and chlorophyll (Chl) are porphyrins. Porphyrins (also referred to as tetrapyrroles) are essential for life in the biosphere. Chlorophyll catalyzes the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy via the process of photosynthesis. Organic life in the biosphere is made possible by consumption of the chemical energy generated by photosynthesis. Hemes are the prosthetic groups of cytochromes which are involved in electron transport during oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthetic phosphorylation which generate ATP and NADPH. The latter are essential for many cellular functions. Chlorophyll on the other hands catalyzes the process of photosynthesis. Indeed, life in the biosphere depends on the process of photosynthesis which converts light energy, carbon dioxide and water into the chemical energy, required for the formation of food and fiber. Photosynthetic efficiency is controlled by extrinsic factors such as the availability of water, CO2, inorganic nutrients, ambient temperature and the metabolic and developmental state of the plant, as well as by intrinsic factors (Lien and San Pietro, 1975). The most important intrinsic factor is the efficiency of the photosynthetic electron transport system (PETS). Conventional agriculture is one of the few human activities that have not undergone a revolution to join other activities such as overcoming gravity by flying, and landing on the moon, crossing underwater the polar cap, and communicating wirelessly over long distances via electromagnetic waves. We now feel that enough biochemical and molecular biological knowledge has accumulated to render this dream amenable to experimentation. We believe that the time has come to bioengineer chloroplasts capable of synthesizing a short chain carbohydrate such as glycerol at rates that approach the upper theoretical limits of photosynthesis [Rebeiz, C. A. (2010) Investigations of possible relationships between the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway and the assembly of chlorophyll-protein complexes and photosynthetic efficiency. In: Rebeiz, C. A. Benning, C. , Bohnert, H. J. , Daniell, H. , Hoober J. K. , Lichtenthaler, H. K. , Portis , A. R. , and Tripathy, B. C. eds. The chloroplast: Basics and Applications. Springer. The Netherlands, p 1-24]. In order to achieve this goal a thorough knowledge of the Chl biosynthetic pathway is needed along with knowledge in other domains (Rebeiz 2010). In this context, this monograph is devoted to an in depth discussion of our present knowledge of the Chl biosynthetic pathway. The complexity and biochemical heterogeneity of the Chl biosynthetic pathway and the relationship of this complexity to the structural and biosynthetic complexity of photosynthetic membranes will be emphasized. We will also emphasize in historical perspective, key stages in our understanding of the Chl biosynthetic heterogeneity. The reader should keep in mind that a complex biosynthetic process is only fully understood when it becomes possible to reconstitute in vitro every step of the process. We are not yet at this stage of understanding of thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Considerable progress has been achieved however, in the understanding of numerous facets of the Chl biosynthetic pathway, namely (a) detection and identification of various major and minor metabolic intermediates (b) precursor-product relationships between various intermediates, (c) structure and regulation of many enzymes of the pathway, and (d) the relationship of the Chl biosynthetic heterogeneity to the structural and functional heterogeneity of thylakoid membranes. In addition topics related to the development of Analytical techniques, Cell-free systems, Herbicides, Insecticides, and Cancericides are also discussed.
Chlorophyll Fluorescence: Understanding Crop Performance — Basics and Applications
by Mohamed H. Kalaji Vasilij N. Goltsev Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska Marek Zivcak Marian BresticChlorophyll a fluorescence is a tool for evaluating plant responses to stress conditions. Fluorescence can be used in plant phenotyping and breeding programs to monitor biotic and abiotic stresses including mineral deficiencies, soil salinity, and pathogenic diseases. Chlorophyll Fluorescence: Understanding Crop Performance — Basics and Applications reviews a diversity of instruments available for recording and analyzing different types of light signals from plants and addresses the use of chlorophyll a fluorescence in research on plants and other photosynthesizing organisms, such as algae and cyanobacteria. This book characterizes the phenomenon of chlorophyll a fluorescence, describes the methods for its measurement, and demonstrates — using selected examples — the applicability of these methods to research the response of the photosynthetic apparatus and plant tolerance to unfavorable environmental conditions. In addition, chapters cover a general background on photosynthesis, analysis of delayed fluorescence, and the pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) technique. The book is addressed to a wide range of professionals in photosynthesis research and scientists from other areas of plant sciences.
The Chloroplast
by Archie R. Portis Baishnab C. Tripathy Christoph Benning Constantin A. Rebeiz Hans J. Bohnert Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler Henry Daniell J. Kenneth HooberThe world population is expected to increase to 9 billion by the year 2050 which will generate food and fuel shortages. Since it will be difficult to increase the land area under cultivation without serious environmental consequences, higher productivity for biomass is required. Improvement in photosynthetic efficiency would require increased knowledge and deeper understanding of :(a) the biosynthesis of photosynthetic membrane components such as hemes, chlorophylls, carotenoids, quinones, and lipids; (b) photosynthetic membrane apoprotein biosynthesis; (c) the biosynthesis and regulation of the assembly of pigment-apoprotein complexes; and (d) the complexities of carbon sensing, biosynthesis and allocation. These goals may be accomplished by bioengineering of chloroplasts with higher photosynthetic efficiency and superior adaptation to various stresses and/or alteration of the kinetic properties of the CO 2 assimilating enzyme, Rubisco. Advances towards this goal are addressed in this volume that will foster cooperation between biochemists and molecular biologists, scientists involved in photosynthesis research and biotechnologists involved in plant and plastid genomics and transformation. We envision future research to focus attention on "Chloroplast Bioengineering" as an integrated novel field of research. This book is designed for graduate students and researchers in chlorophyll metabolism, integrative plant biology, plant physiology, plant biochemistry, plant molecular biology, biotechnology, bioenergy and biofuels.
Chloroplast Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1132)
by Pal MaligaIn Chloroplast Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used in chloroplast molecular biology. Chapters focus on essential background information, applications in tobacco, and protocols for plastid transformation in crops, and Chlamydomonas and Bryophytes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoidance of known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Chloroplast Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists who study chloroplast molecular biology as well as those interested in applications in agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and healthcare. --
Chloroplast Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2317)
by Pal MaligaThis second edition volume expands on the previous edition with updated chapters in model systems and new crops. The book contains protocols for plastid engineering in leaves, tissue culture cells, and the shoot apex of plants, as well as for marker excision from the plastid genome and engineering Rubisco, the key enzyme of photosynthesis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, Chloroplast Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource for researchers who wish to enter the field, and for practitioners looking for insights of applications in agriculture, industrial biotechnology and healthcare.
Chloroplast Gene Expression: Regulation, Stress Signaling and Biotechnology (Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology #37)
by Tessa M. Burch-SmithThis book provides an insightful journey into the realm of chloroplast biology. Chloroplasts are the organelles that perform photosynthesis and many of the metabolic processes in plant cells. They are a specialized form of plastids, whose differentiation is dependent on environmental and developmental signaling. Descended from a lineage of free-living, photosynthesizing prokaryotes, chloroplasts and other plastids contain remnants of their ancient genomes and chloroplast gene expression is essential for establishing functional organelles. Chloroplast gene expression has features of the prokaryotic gene expression but now involves large suites of nuclear proteins. Topics discussed are: the identification of these nuclear factors how chloroplast RNA is processed to produce functional organelles translation in chloroplasts and its regulation the environmental factors that influence chloroplast development and how plants deal with defective chloroplasts. The book also highlights the evolving landscape of chloroplast engineering in biotechnology, recent breakthroughs and their implications for the future. A valuable resource for researchers, students, and enthusiasts alike, this book is a compelling testament to the fascinating world of chloroplasts and their burgeoning role in scientific innovation.
Chloroplast Research in Arabidopsis: Methods and Protocols, Volume I (Methods in Molecular Biology #774)
by R. Paul JarvisChloroplasts are essential for the survival and flourishing of life on Earth. Over the years, chloroplast biology has been studied in a variety of different organisms, leading to the significant disadvantage that findings which were made by using different experimental systems or species were not always directly cross-comparable. The relatively recent adoption of Arabidopsis thaliana as the model organism of choice for plant science research, across the globe, has led to its emergence as a pre-eminent system for research on chloroplasts and other types of plastid. In Chloroplast Research in Arabidopsis: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers bring together some of the most important, modern techniques and approaches for chloroplast research, with the unifying theme of Arabidopsis as the model system. Volume I explores topics such as genetics, cytology, in vivo analysis, gene expression, and protein accumulation, as well as protein transport, localization, and topology. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and convenient, Chloroplast Research in Arabidopsis: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal reference for all researchers with a general interest in chloroplasts, plastids, or related processes.