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Circular RNAs: Biogenesis And Functions (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1087)
by Junjie XiaoThis book provides an essential overview of the rapidly advancing field of circular RNAs – newly discovered RNAs that are generated by back-splicing precursor mRNA and perform regulatory functions in many biological processes. Although many aspects of circular RNAs’ biology and mechanisms of gene regulation remain unclear, they have been found to be abundant, evolutionally conserved, and stable in cells; further, they have numerous potential functions. The book consists of eight parts:1) An overview of circular RNAs, 2) Bioinformatics for circular RNAs, 3) Biogenesis of circular RNAs, 4) Molecular mechanisms and gene regulation of circular RNAs, 5) Circular RNAs as potential disease biomarkers, 6) Circular RNAs and human diseases, 7) Circular RNAs in Plants and in Archaea, and 8) Future prospects. Given its focus, the book will be especially useful for researchers and students in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and medicine.
Circular Storage Tanks and Silos
by Amin GhaliThis book presents practical methods for the analysis and design of circular concrete tanks. The methods can also be used for silos, pipes, or any circular shells subjected to arbitrary axially symmetrical loading, and also deal with the more general problem of beam on elastic foundation. The book includes a new chapter on the design of construction of circular tanks, comes with new easy-to-use computer programs, and provides design examples that include post-tensioned concrete walls, footings, floors and roofs, and liquid-tight connections between these components.
Circular Supply Chain Management: A Sustainability Approach (Circular Economy and Sustainability)
by Jayakrishna Kandasamy Vimal K E K Manavalan Ethirajan Nishal MuraliThis book provides fundamental knowledge of theories on the circular economy and circular supply chain management. It also discusses theories that have been developed or adopted in circular economy research. Traditional supply chains organizations have felt the importance of transforming their activities to become more circular. This book provides insights into the need for adopting circular supply chain practices and the circular business models they can adopt. Barriers that supply chain organizations will encounter in their efforts to expediate the transformation, and the drivers that they will need to achieve these goals, are elaborated in the book. The key factors that help in the decision-making process and modalities involved in modelling the circular chains are also discussed. These will be of great value to managers and other stakeholders. Additionally, the role of I4.0 technologies in future supply circular chains is elucidated. This book also offers solutions to supply chain organizations for achieving the sustainable development goals. Case studies and illustrations are provided in each chapter for easy understanding of theory to practice.
Circularity Assessment: Accountability Towards Sustainability
by Rashmi Anoop Patil Seeram RamakrishnaThis open access book attempts to provide a perspective on the circularity assessment at different levels of the systemic hierarchy and advocates better resource management for a sustainable future. It demonstrates how relevant circularity indicators are used for quantifying the extent of circularity of each level. Illustrative case studies that discuss the process of quantitatively interpreting progress towards circularity are provided. This work caters to a broad readership inclusive of governance, basic research, engineering, and business stakeholders. The conclusion signifies the role of consumer community in achieving circularity.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Isolated Small Organic Molecules
by Tadashi MoriThis book collects all the latest advances in the leading research of the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of small organic molecules. Compared with that of lanthanide-based fluorophores, the research into the CPL of small organic molecules is still at the developmental stage for their relatively smaller dissymmetric factors, but has been a source of widespread attention recently. The book includes the state of the art of the discoveries in CPL organic molecules, such as helicenes, biaryls, cyclophanes, boron dipyrromethene dyes, and other chiral molecules, mostly in their isolated states, covering all possible chiral substances for future applications. This book also highlights the recent development of CPL instruments as well as time-resolved circular dichroism spectroscopy, to facilitate the further development and future design of CPL molecules.
Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers: Design, Operation and Maintenance
by Prabir Basu· Explains operation and scientific fundamentals of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers · Outlines practical issues in industrial use · Teaches how to optimize design for maximum reliability and efficiency · Discusses operating and maintenance issues and how to troubleshoot them This book provides practicing engineers and students with insight into the design and operation of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers through a combination of theoretical concepts and practical experience. An emphasis on combustion, hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and material issues illustrates these concepts with numerous examples from actual operating plants. The relevance of design and feed-stock parameters to the operation of a CFB boiler are also examined, along with their impacts on designs of mechanical components, including cyclones, air distributor grids, and solid recycle systems. This versatile resource explains how fluidized bed equipment works and how the basic principles of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics influence design, while providing insight into planning new projects, troubleshooting existing equipment, and appreciating the capabilities and limitations of the process. From hydrodynamics to construction and maintenance, the author covers all of the essential information needed to understand, design, operate, and maintain a complete fluidized bed system. It is a must for clean coal technology as well as for biomass power generation.
Circulating microRNAs in Disease Diagnostics and their Potential Biological Relevance (Experientia Supplementum #106)
by Peter IgazMicroRNAs as the endogenous mediators of RNA interference have experienced an unprecedented career in recent years, highlighting their pathogenic, diagnostic and potential therapeutic relevance. Beside tissue microRNAs, they are also found in body fluids, most notably in blood. Significant differences of circulating microRNA levels have been found in various diseases, making them candidates for minimally invasive markers of disease, for example tumor malignancy. The book focuses on the potential diagnostic applicability of circulating microRNAs in various diseases and their potential biological significance.
Circulating Nucleic Acids in Early Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment Monitoring: An Introduction (Advances in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine #5)
by Peter B. GahanDNA and RNA fractions can be isolated from a variety of body fluids including whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid from both patients and healthy individuals. Such isolates can be exploited in the early detection of clinical disorders, stratification of patients for treatment, treatment monitoring and clinical follow-up In addition, the use in fetal medicine allows the early detection of fetal sex, Rh factor and aneuploid disorders as well as following both fetal and premature born infant development. This volume is intended as a primer for those who are interested in entering the field of circulating nucleic acids. The areas covered in this volume include: · Background and general biology of circulating nucleic acids · Methodology · Applications of circulating nucleic acids · Quality Assurance · Ethics
Circulating Nucleic Acids in Plasma and Serum: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum held on 9-11 November 2009 in Hong Kong.
by Peter B. GahanDNA and RNA fractions have been isolated from the whole blood, serum, plasma, the surface of blood cells, urine, saliva and spinal fluid from both healthy individuals and clinical patients. Recent developments are presented concerning the isolation, quantification and analysis of these molecules and their use in the identification of specific nucleic acid fragments related to a variety of clinical disorders thereby permitting their early diagnosis and prognosis.
Circulating Nucleic Acids in Serum and Plasma – CNAPS IX (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #924)
by Bernd Schmidt Peter B. Gahan Michael FleischhackerThe book will present the progress made since the last meeting in fall 2013 concerning the analysis of circulating extra-cellular nucleic acids. There are a modest number of laboratories involved in this field, nevertheless the number of papers published by researchers is extensive. The articles which will be published in this meeting report will be a valuable contribution for researchers and research students alike and will help them to stay on top of the developments in different research areas and to ,,cross borders" between them.
Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Metastatic Disease (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1220)
by Roberto PiñeiroThis book is aimed to summarise the key aspects of the role of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in breast cancer, with special attention to their contribution to tumour progression and establishment of metastatic disease. We aim to give a clear overview of the knowledge about CTCs, framed in the context of breast cancer, by analysing basic and clinical research carried out so far. In a broader sense, we will address what are the main clinical needs of this disease based on its molecular heterogeneity (subtypes) and lay out the knowledge and understanding that CTCs are giving about it and how they are contributing and can still improve the better monitoring and management of breast cancer patients. We will discuss the evidences of the use of CTCs as a tool to monitor cancer progression and therapy response, based on the prognostic and predictive value they have, as well as a tool to unravel mechanisms of resistance to therapy and to identify new biomarkers allowing to predict therapy success. Moreover, we will analyse the main aspects of ongoing clinical trials and how they can contribute to determine the clinical utility of CTCs as a breast cancer biomarker. We will also touch upon general knowledge or basic notions of the biology of the metastatic process in epithelial cancers, in order to understand the origin and biology of CTCs. In this sense, we will pay special attention to EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition), dormancy and minimal residual disease, three key aspects that determine the outcome of the disease. We will also cover general aspects on the isolation and characterization techniques applies to the study of CTCs, and also the possibilities that the study of CTCs, as a biomarker with biological function, is opening in terms of understanding the biology of metastatic cells and the identification of therapeutic targets based on the functional and molecular characterization of CTCs. Lastly, we will try to foresee the future of CTCs in terms of clinical application and implementation in the clinical routine.
The Circulation of Penicillin in Spain: Health, Wealth and Authority (Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in Modern History)
by María Jesús SantesmasesThis book reconstructs the early circulation of penicillin in Spain, a country exhausted by civil war (1936–1939), and oppressed by Franco’s dictatorship. Embedded in the post-war recovery, penicillin’s voyages through time and across geographies – professional, political and social – were both material and symbolic. This powerful antimicrobial captivated the imagination of the general public, medical practice, science and industry, creating high expectations among patients, who at times experienced little or no effect. Penicillin’s lack of efficacy against some microbes fueled the search for new wonder drugs and sustained a decades-long research agenda built on the post-war concept of development through scientific and technological achievements. This historical reconstruction of the social life of penicillin between the 1940s and 1980s – through the dictatorship to democratic transition – explores political, public, medical, experimental and gender issues, and the rise of antibiotic resistance.
The Circulatory Story
by Mary CorcoranSimple, humorous text and comic illustrations explain the basics of the circulatory system--the systemic, pulmonary, and coronary circuits. Readers follow a red blood cell on its journey through the body, and in the process learn how the body combats disease, performs gas exchanges, and fights plaque.
The Circulatory Story
by Mary K. Corcoran Jef CzekajHumorous text paired with comic illustrations, brings anatomy and science of the body to life for young readers in this exploration of the circulatory system. From the author and illustrator of THE QUEST TO DIGEST comes another playful way to learn about the body and its inner workings. Readers follow a red blood cell on its journey through the heart, lungs, veins, arteries, capillaries, and more, as they see how the body combats disease, performs gas exchanges, and fights plaque. This whimsical glimpse into the human body is fun and informative, perfect for the classroom or the home, and is sure to please the most curious of readers.
Circulatory System (A True Book (Relaunch))
by Alicia GreenDiscover the main systems of our amazing human body with this new series of books!The blood that flows through your body constantly brings food and oxygen to your muscles, organs, and bones and carries away waste. And it is all powered by that magnificent muscle, your heart. Did you know that your heart beats about 100,000 times a day? Or that the blood in your body travels a total of 12,000 miles daily? That's more than four times the width of the United States from coast to coast! Learn all this and more in Circulatory System.ABOUT THE SERIES:The human body is a complex ⹀ and remarkable ⹀ machine. Digesting our food. Pumping our blood. Walking, running, and dancing. It takes our many body systems working together to keep us alive and living our lives to the fullest. This set of A True Books offers an in-depth look at our amazing bodies ⹀ one system at a time. Interesting information is presented in a fun, friendly way ⹀ and in the simplest terms possible ⹀ giving students a "behind-the-scenes" look at how their bodies work.
The Circulatory System (Your Body Systems Ser.)
by Rebecca PettifordOur bodies contain a super highway of blood vessels that carry nutrients, waste, and much more from our heads to our toes. This network is the circulatory system! Beginning with a deep breath in, this fact-filled title uses easy-to-follow text and diagrams to allow readers to dive inside the bodys circulatory system! The human body is a complex being made up of systems that keep us alive and moving! In this series, readers will dive into the bodys systems though engaging, leveled text and related diagrams that follow the parts and functions of each system. Get a microscopic view inside the body with A Closer Look, and put new knowledge into action with a hands-on activity. Check out what is happening inside the body with each title!
The Circulatory System (True Books)
by Christine Taylor-ButlerDid you know that your nerve impulses are 1,000 times SLOWER than your computer? Or that it's normal to fart - as often as 20 times a day? Get the buzz on health and the human body with this fun and fascinating series.
Circumference: Eratosthenes and the Ancient Quest to Measure the Globe
by Nicholas NicastroHow do you measure the size of the planet you're standing on? "Circumference" is the story of what happened when one man asked himself that very question. Nicholas Nicastro brings to life one of history's greatest experiments when an ancient Greek named Eratosthenes first accurately determined the distance around the spherical earth. In this fascinating narrative history, Nicastro takes a look at a deceptively simple but stunning achievement made by one man, millennia ago, with only the simplest of materials at his disposal. How was he able to measure the land at a time when distance was more a matter of a shrug and a guess at the time spent on a donkey's back? How could he be so confident in the assumptions that underlay his calculations: that the earth was round and the sun so far away that its rays struck the ground in parallel lines? Was it luck or pure scientific genius? Nicastro brings readers on a trip into a long-vanished world that prefigured modernity in many ways, where neither Eratosthenes' reputation, nor the validity of his method, nor his leadership of the Great Library of Alexandria were enough to convince all his contemporaries about the dimensions of the earth. Eratosthenes' results were debated for centuries until he was ultimately vindicated almost 2000 years later, during the great voyages of exploration. "Circumference" is a compelling scientific detective story that transports readers back to a time when humans had no idea how big their world was--and the fate of a man who dared to measure the incomprehensible. [This text is listed as an example that meets Common Core Standards in English language arts in grades 9-10 at http://www.corestandards.org.]
Cis/Transgene Optimization: Systematic Discovery Of Novel Gene Expression Elements Using Bioinformatics And Computational Biology Approaches (Springerbriefs In Systems Biology Ser.)
by Saeid Kadkhodaei Farahnaz Sadat Golestan Hashemi Morvarid Akhavan Rezaei Sahar Abbasiliasi Joo Shun Tan Hamid Rajabi Memari Faruku Bande Ali Baradaran Mahdi Moradpour Arbakariya B. AriffThis book is a practical review which focuses on computational analysis and on in silico approaches towards the systematic discovery of various key functional gene expression elements in microalgae as a model. So far, in this regard very little information is available. Efficient stepwise procedures for analysing the matrix attachment regions (MARs) are outlined, as well as for translation initiation sites (TIS), signal peptide (SP) sequences, gene optimization and transformation systems. These outlines can be efficiently deployed as practical models for the systematic discovery of key expression elements and for the optimization of cis/transgenes in other micro/organisms. The first chapter is an introduction on the key gene expression elements analysed in this book, including scaffold/matrix attachment regions, translation initiation sites, signal peptides as well as gene optimization. Chapter 2 focuses on systematic strategies and computational approaches toward in silico analysis of each factor. The analyses outcomes is assessed individually in chapter 3 followed by developing the specific conceptual models for each element in Chapter 4. The concluding remarks are discussed in Chapter 5. This work is of interest to computational and experimental biologists interested in transcriptional regulation analysis as well as to researchers and scientists who wish to consider the use of bioinformatics and computational biology in design, analysis, or regulatory reviews of key gene expression elements for the production of recombinant proteins experiments.
Cisgenic Crops: Potential and Prospects (Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences)
by Anurag Chaurasia Chittaranjan KoleThis book is the first attempt for in-depth compilation of current knowledge on cisgenic crops and their potential prospects as a sustainable substitute for the controversial genetically modified crops. Innovative methodologies for the development of cisgenic crops for disease resistance, improved nutritional contents, suitability for organic farming, survival under climate change, and their role in conservation of plant genetic resources have been highlighted. Combined with molecular markers and genome editing, an advanced approach for crop improvement is reported. The book has 14 chapters authored by globally leading experts on the subject. This book is useful to the students, teachers, researchers and policy planners working across the disciplines of classical plant breeding up to the recent genetically modified and genome edited crops.
Cisgenic Crops: Safety, Legal and Social Issues (Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences)
by Anurag Chaurasia Chittaranjan KoleThis book is the first comprehensive compilation of existing knowledge on the impact of cisgenic crops on biodiversity, environment, and ecosystem. Strategies to create and access cisgenic crops, potential risks assessment, and legal implications across the globe (European Union, North and South Americas, Africa, and Asia) are enumerated. Ethics, economics, safety, social concerns, and consumer acceptance of cisgenic foods are deliberated. Policy paradigm and ways to overcome GM regulations through cisgenic crops are highlighted. The book has 12 chapters authored by internationally leading experts on the subject. This book will be useful especially for the policy makers and GMO regulators, while the students, teachers, and researchers from across the globe will be equally benefited.
Cisgenics and Transgenics: Strategies for Sustainable Crop Development and Food Security
by Bhupendra KoulThis book presents up-to-date information on various vector-less/direct (physical, chemical) and vector-mediated/indirect (Agrobacterium-mediated) plant transformation techniques. It summarizes various strategies that facilitate a gene from lower organism to be expressed in higher plants and also in silico designing of synthetic gene for higher expression. It also highlights the importance of strong promoters to drive the expression of transgene(s). This book encompasses the advantages and drawbacks of cisgenesis and transgenesis, their implications towards sustainable crop improvement, and their future prospects. The importance, limitations, challenges, recent developments, and future prospects of molecular pharming is also discussed. The book concludes with a chapter that summarizes the major contribution of GM-crops towards global food security and economy, advances in genome editing for crop improvement, challenges and risk associated with the release of GM-crops, and the future of GM technology. This book is meant for students and researchers in the field of life sciences, food science, and agriculture.
The CISO’s Next Frontier: AI, Post-Quantum Cryptography and Advanced Security Paradigms
by Raj BadhwarThis book provides an advanced understanding of cyber threats as well as the risks companies are facing. It includes a detailed analysis of many technologies and approaches important to decreasing, mitigating or remediating those threats and risks. Cyber security technologies discussed in this book are futuristic and current. Advanced security topics such as secure remote work, data security, network security, application and device security, cloud security, and cyber risk and privacy are presented in this book. At the end of every chapter, an evaluation of the topic from a CISO’s perspective is provided. This book also addresses quantum computing, artificial intelligence and machine learning for cyber securityThe opening chapters describe the power and danger of quantum computing, proposing two solutions for protection from probable quantum computer attacks: the tactical enhancement of existing algorithms to make them quantum-resistant, and the strategic implementation of quantum-safe algorithms and cryptosystems. The following chapters make the case for using supervised and unsupervised AI/ML to develop predictive, prescriptive, cognitive and auto-reactive threat detection, mitigation, and remediation capabilities against advanced attacks perpetrated by sophisticated threat actors, APT and polymorphic/metamorphic malware.CISOs must be concerned about current on-going sophisticated cyber-attacks, and can address them with advanced security measures. The latter half of this book discusses some current sophisticated cyber-attacks and available protective measures enabled by the advancement of cybersecurity capabilities in various IT domains. Chapters 6-10 discuss secure remote work; chapters 11-17, advanced data security paradigms; chapters 18-28, Network Security; chapters 29-35, application and device security; chapters 36-39, Cloud security; and chapters 40-46 organizational cyber risk measurement and event probability.Security and IT engineers, administrators and developers, CIOs, CTOs, CISOs, and CFOs will want to purchase this book. Risk personnel, CROs, IT and Security Auditors as well as security researchers and journalists will also find this useful.
Citation Analysis and Dynamics of Citation Networks (SpringerBriefs in Complexity)
by Michael GolosovskyThis book deals with the science of science by applying network science methods to citation networks and uniquely presents a physics-inspired model of citation dynamics. This stochastic model of citation dynamics is based on a well-known copying or recursive search mechanism. The measurements covered in this text yield parameters of the model and reveal that citation dynamics of scientific papers is not linear, as was previously assumed. This nonlinearity has far-reaching consequences including non-stationary citation distributions, diverging citation trajectories of similar papers, and runaways or "immortal papers" with an infinite citation lifespan. The author shows us that nonlinear stochastic models of citation dynamics can be the basis for a quantitative probabilistic prediction of citation dynamics of individual papers and of the overall journal impact factor. This book appeals to students and researchers from differing subject areas working in network science and bibliometrics.
Cities and Climate Change (Routledge Studies in Physical Geography and Environment)
by Michelle Betsill Harriet BulkeleyClimate change is one of the most challenging issues of our time. As key sites in the production and management of emissions of greenhouse gases, cities will be crucial for the implementation of international agreements and national policies on climate change. This book provides a critical analysis of the role of cities in addressing climate change and the prospects for urban sustainability. Cities and Climate Change is the first in-depth analysis of the role of cities in addressing climate change. The book argues that key challenges concerning the resources and powers of local government, as well as conflicts between local goals for economic development and climate change mitigation, have restricted the level of local action on climate change. These findings have significant implications for the prospects of mitigating climate change and achieving urban sustainability. This book provides a valuable interdisciplinary analysis of these issues, and will appeal to students and researchers interested in sustainability at local and global scales.