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Climate Engineering: Möglichkeiten und Risiken (essentials)
by Wolfgang OsterhageUnter der Prämisse, dass ein Klimawandel stattfindet, arbeitet Wolfgang Osterhage eine Problemstellung heraus, die zu Lösungsvorschlägen im Rahmen des Climate Engineering führt, mit welchen das Klima pro-aktiv beeinflusst werden kann. Der Autor stellt die hierfür erforderlichen technischen Maßnahmen vor. In die Bewertung von Risiken fließen thermodynamische und chaostheoretische Überlegungen ein, die zu einer kritischen Beurteilung führen. Weitere Bewertungskriterien ergeben sich schließlich aus ethischen Grundsatzüberlegungen.
Climate Engineering and the Law: Regulation And Liability For Solar Radiation Management And Carbon Dioxide Removal
by Michael B. Gerrard Tracy HesterClimate change is increasingly recognized as a global threat, and is already contributing to record-breaking hurricanes and heat waves. To prevent the worst impacts, attention is now turning to climate engineering - the intentional large-scale modification of the environment to reduce the impact of climate change. The two principal methods involve removing some carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (which could consume huge amounts of land and money, and take a long period of time), and reducing the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface, perhaps by spraying aerosols into the upper atmosphere from airplanes (which could be done quickly but is risky and highly controversial). <P><P>This is the first book to focus on the legal aspects of these technologies: what government approvals would be needed; how liability would be assessed and compensation provided if something goes wrong; and how a governance system could be structured and agreed internationally.<P> In view of the disastrous Hurricanes Harvey, Irene and Maria, and the Trump administration's abandonment of action on climate change, increasing attention is going to climate engineering as a way to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.<P> Gives an overview of the relevant laws with detailed legal analysis Makes recommendations for what a governance system for climate engineering should entail.<P> Written and edited by established environmental law experts.
Climate Engineering as an Instance of Politicization: Talking Tomorrow’s Technology—Framing Political Choice? (Springer Climate)
by Judith KreuterThis book examines the academic discussion on climate engineering as an instance of politicization – as a subject of deliberation and decision-making. It traces legitimizing and delegitimizing frames applied to discuss both Carbon Dioxide Removal and Solar Radiation Management approaches in academic publications, and their implications for political decision-making. Moreover, it offers insights into how academic discourse on climate technology can influence political decision-making – especially at a technological stage where a socio-technical system with a high degree of inertia does not (yet) exist. The high degree of diversity of frames in the academic discussion is understood as an opportunity for deliberate decision-making concerning the future roles of these approaches in global climate policy. This book demonstrates how insights from science and technology studies can be operationalized in empirical political analysis. It appeals to scholars in both political science and environmental science who are interested in climate change policy-making and the science–policy nexus.
Climate, Environment and Agricultural Development: A Sustainable Approach Towards Society (Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences)
by Praveen Kumar Rai Shalini RaiThis book discusses an emerging context of climate change, environmental degradation, monitoring and management, agricultural vulnerability and its development and adaptation from local to global scale. The book also describes the research methodology in a simple and lucid way so that a researcher can adopt it in his/her field studies. Individual chapters are dedicated to different subjects such as the quantification of climate change impacts on environment; land use land cover; crops in controlled and field conditions; water resources; soil fertility, erosion and carbon sequestration; insects, pests, weeds, microbes and diseases; greenhouse gas emission assessment; regional vulnerability to climate change; and selection of crop. Researchers from around the world and from various fields explore these important topics in the book. The book is a valuable resource for environmentalists, geographers, economists, agronomists, biologists, agricultural scientist, climate modellers, policyanalysts, development agency staff, and graduate and postgraduate students.
Climate, Environment and Disaster in Developing Countries (Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences)
by R. B. Singh Narayan Chandra JanaThe world is currently experiencing changes in climate and environment that often lead to natural disasters. Nearly three million people worldwide may have been killed in the past 20 years by natural disasters. In total, 90% of the natural disasters and 95% of all disaster-related deaths occur in the developing countries. Recently such problems have accelerated due to LULC change, biodiversity degradation, increased tourism, urbanization and climate change. This book, consisting of 27 chapters, explores the topics of climate, environment and natural disasters in developing countries. It is essential to discuss these diverse issues in the field of geography as it encompasses interdisciplinary topics. The range of issues on national, regional and local dimensions is not only confined to geography but also concerned to other disciplines as well. Therefore, this book is a valuable source for scientists and researchers in allied fields such as climatology, disaster management, environmental science, hydrology, agriculture, and land use studies, among other areas. Furthermore, this book can be of immense help to the planners and decision-makers engaged in dealing with the problems of climate, environmental change and natural disasters in developing countries.
Climate Finance as an Instrument to Promote the Green Growth in Developing Countries (SpringerBriefs in Climate Studies)
by Antonio A. Romano Giuseppe Scandurra Alfonso Carfora Monica RonghiThis book analyses the effectiveness of climate finance as political instrument to reduce the effect of anthropogenic activities on climate change and promote the green growth in developing countries. The book highlights that close attention should also be paid to the analysis of political contexts in a broad sense. Particularly focusing on the international negotiations process that enables the direction of funds toward specific needs and priorities and the issue of access to electricity. For example, the difficulties that developing countries face when trying to improve their green economic development without access to carbon remains a matter of the utmost importance and urgency for many developing countries that lack significant aid from developed countries. This book will be of interest to a wide body of academics and practitioners in climate change and energy policies. Moreover, this project is a valid instrument for students in energy policies and climate programs.
Climate, Fire and Human Evolution: The Deep Time Dimensions of the Anthropocene (Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences #10)
by Colin Groves Andrew Y. GliksonThe book outlines principal milestones in the evolution of the atmosphere, oceans and biosphere during the last 4 million years in relation with the evolution from primates to the genus Homo - which uniquely mastered the ignition and transfer of fire. The advent of land plants since about 420 million years ago ensued in flammable carbon-rich biosphere interfaced with an oxygen-rich atmosphere. Born on a flammable Earth surface, under increasingly unstable climates descending from the warmer Pliocene into the deepest ice ages of the Pleistocene, human survival depended on both--biological adaptations and cultural evolution, mastering fire as a necessity. This allowed the genus to increase entropy in nature by orders of magnitude. Gathered around camp fires during long nights for hundreds of thousandth of years, captivated by the flickering life-like dance of the flames, humans developed imagination, insights, cravings, fears, premonitions of death and thereby aspiration for immortality, omniscience, omnipotence and the concept of god. Inherent in pantheism was the reverence of the Earth, its rocks and its living creatures, contrasted by the subsequent rise of monotheistic sky-god creeds which regard Earth as but a corridor to heaven. Once the climate stabilized in the early Holocene, since about ~7000 years-ago production of excess food by Neolithic civilization along the Great River Valleys has allowed human imagination and dreams to express themselves through the construction of monuments to immortality. Further to burning large part of the forests, the discovery of combustion and exhumation of carbon from the Earth's hundreds of millions of years-old fossil biospheres set the stage for an anthropogenic oxidation event, affecting an abrupt shift in state of the atmosphere-ocean-cryosphere system. The consequent ongoing extinction equals the past five great mass extinctions of species--constituting a geological event horizon in the history of planet Earth.
The Climate Fix: What Scientists and Politicians Won't Tell You About Global Warming
by Roger Pielke Jr.Why has the world been unable to address global warming? Science policy expert Roger Pielke, Jr., says it's not the fault of those who reject the Kyoto Protocol, but those who support it, and the magical thinking that the agreement represents. In The Climate Fix, Pielke offers a way to repair climate policy, shifting the debate away from meaningless targets and toward a revolution in how the world's economy is powered, while de-fanging the venomous politics surrounding the crisis. The debate on global warming has lost none of its power to polarize and provoke in a haze of partisan vitriol. The Climate Fix will bring something new to the discussions: a commonsense perspective and practical actions better than any offered so far.
The Climate Fix: What Scientists and Politicians Won't Tell You About Global Warming
by Roger A. Pielke Jr.In The Climate Fix, Roger Pielke, Jr., a political scientist and a world-renowned expert on he intersection of politics and science, dissects the climate debate and diagnoses what has gone wrong and who's to blame for the mess. His answers will surprise you--it is the people who are best positioned to see clearly why we need to respond to climate change who are, more often than not, the people who get in the way of anything being accomplished. How is that possible? Quite simply, it's because most supporters of action on climate change, whether scientists, politicians, or activists, have gotten caught up in a vicious cycle. It begins with the belief that there is insufficient political will for action. Fixing this, it is assumed, requires that everyone agree on all aspects of climate change--both the dangers and the remedies. Accomplishing that means scaring people in the hope that fear will accomplish what reason has not. Fear often requires politicizing science, shaping its presentation in an effort to motivate a specific political outcome. But rather than making action more likely the posturing reinforces a state of inaction. Thus the cycle continues, and its malign influence can be felt in all quarters, from the halls of government and academia to the newspaper and your favorite dog. Pielke lays these problems bare for all to see. But he does more than just wag his finger. The Climate Fix presents first steps on a better path, one that returns to what really matters in the climate debate: expanding energy access (including for the 1.3 billion people worldwide who have none) and increasing energy security while lowering costs through technological innovation. Without those goals, Pielke argues, well never wean ourselves off carbon-heavy energy, whatever the hard-core environmentalists say. With them, we can not only help save our own lives but also improve everyone's, and turn a vicious cycle into a virtuous one. It is time to do something about climate change. We can keep trying to do it the old way, or we can try something new, something offensive to neither our livelihoods nor our common sense. The choice, even after years of muddy debate, should be clear. Which will you choose?
A Climate for Change
by Andrew Farley Katharine HayhoeMost Christian lifestyle or environmental books focus on how to live in a sustainable and conservational manner. A CLIMATE FOR CHANGE shows why Christians should be living that way, and the consequences of doing so. Drawing on the two authors' experiences, one as an internationally recognized climate scientist and the other as an evangelical leader of a growing church, this book explains the science underlying global warming, the impact that human activities have on it, and how our Christian faith should play a significant role in guiding our opinions and actions on this important issue.
Climate Funds and Sustainable Development: Who Pays in the End? (Sustainable Development Goals Series)
by Gonzalo LarreaWhile significant attention has been devoted to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13) and scaling up climate finance for developing countries, the adverse impacts of funded projects on local communities remains inadequately explored by both academics and policymakers. Mobilizing climate finance on an unprecedented scale is undeniably vital for the success of developing countries’ climate policies. However, these initiatives often give rise to adverse consequences for individuals in these countries, leading to displacements, exacerbating food insecurity, or even triggering conflicts over resources.This book examines the extent to which the climate funds established for achieving SDG 13 are adequate for addressing climate change impacts in developing countries. Yet, its analysis transcends the mere evaluation of the sufficiency or efficacy of these efforts found in much of the existing literature. Beyond the scope of quantifiable success, the book delves into the root causes of the adverse impacts that these funds can have on local communities and offers tailored recommendations to realize the noble aspirations of SDG 13, all without implying that the individuals who should benefit from climate finance are the ones who pay in the end.
Climate Geoengineering: Science, Law and Governance (AESS Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies and Sciences Series)
by Wil Burns David Dana Simon James NicholsonThe sobering reality of the disconnect between the resolve of the world community to effectively address climate change, and what actually needs to be done, has led to increasing impetus for consideration of a suite of approaches collectively known as “climate geoengineering,” or “climate engineering.” Indeed, the feckless response of the world community to climate change has transformed climate geoengineering from a fringe concept to a potentially mainstream policy option within the past decade. This volume will explore scientific, political and legal issues associated with the emerging field of climate geoengineering. The volume encompasses perspectives on both of the major categories of climate geoengineering approaches, carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management.
Climate Governance in the Arctic (Environment & Policy #50)
by E. Carina Keskitalo Nigel Bankes Timo KoivurovaClimate change is affecting the Arctic environment and ecosystems at an accelerating speed, twice the rate of the global average. This is opening the Arctic to transportation and resource development and creating serious challenges for local communities and indigenous peoples. Climate Governance in the Arctic considers two aspects of climate change from an institutional perspective. It focuses on how relevant regimes, institutions and governance systems support mitigation of climate change. It also examines the extent to which the varying governance arrangements in the Arctic support adaptation and the development of adaptation processes for the region. The book's focus on Arctic governance offers unique insights within climate change mitigation and adaptation research.
Climate Gradients and Biodiversity in Mountains of Italy (Geobotany Studies)
by Franco PedrottiThis volume gathers case studies on plant diversity from selected, representative mountain systems of Italy (Mediterranean and temperate zones), while also addressing the biodiversity of avian fauna. For the Alps, Wilhalm and Prosser examine the species biodiversity (also with the help of highly detailed location maps) of the sector of the central Alps that corresponds to the basin of the Adige, including some nearby valleys, between the watershed to the north and the Prealps to the south (Alto Adige and Trentino). In turn, Pedrotti investigates the vegetation series of the same territory in relation to the three climatic sectors identified: prealpine, alpine and endoalpine. Aleffi then explores the relationships between the distribution of a number of species of bryophytes and the main mesoclimatic gradients along a transect through the Valle dell' Adige between 46#65533;40'N and 45#65533;42'N. Lastly, Siniscalco studies the ways in which alien species are now invading the western Alps, which to date have remained largely unaffected by this phenomenon, unlike the plains and hills. For the Apennines, Ferrari studies the tree line and the biodiversity of the vegetation of the northern Apennines; for the mountains of Sicily, Bazan conducts a diachronic analysis of the beech forests of the Monti Nebrodi. The contribution by Venanzoni interprets the chorology of associations of the Magnocaricetalia order throughout Italy, relating it to the climatic and geographic gradients. He describes a total of 55 associations, reporting on the distribution in the temperate zone (differentiating between the alpine and continental) and the Mediterranean zone for each of them. Cianfaglione presents the Signal Project Italian site. This project investigates the effects of extreme weather events on secondary grassland and the role of selected alien species, mowing, biodiversity, productivity and functional traits, in Italy and along a European gradient. For the Marches Region, Forconi describes the biodiversity of the avian fauna in relation to the altitudinal gradient and the potential vegetation.
Climate Health Risks in Megacities: Sustainable Management and Strategic Planning
by Cesar MarollaClimate Health Risks in Megacities: Sustainable Management and Strategic Planning courageously confronts the immense challenges of alleviating climate change and takes the initiative to layout an agenda that calls for action in the rapidly changing landscape of our global climate. This guide provides a constructive methodology for developing and implementing risk management and operational continuity management systems to climate change effects on urban populations. It addresses key issues such as physical location, proper sanitation, food security and vector-borne diseases against the backdrop of climate change, and then model its effect on the urban dwellers. The author also reveals the benefits of implementing a unique risk management approach to combat global threats and focuses on building urban resilience in the face of disasters. Prepared with a comprehensive and forward-thinking style, this book draws on indispensable case studies in key megacities like New York, Los Angeles, Beijing, Rio de Janeiro, London, Mumbai, and Lagos, and links researchers, scientists, city’s mayors, environmentalists, policy-makers and world leaders from central areas to review, reflect, and expound on future directions.
The Climate-Health-Sustainability Nexus: Understanding the Interconnected Impact on Populations and the Environment
by Neha Yadav Pardeep SinghIn a compelling scholarly journey, this book unfolds the intricate narratives of human progress and its environmental repercussions catalyzed by the Industrial Revolution. It thoughtfully contrasts the exploitative environmental ideologies stemming from colonization and industrialization against the profound yet often marginalized indigenous ecological philosophies, urging a pivotal shift in environmental stewardship. The narrative meticulously traces the arc of scientific discovery and environmental policy evolution, from Eunice Foote’s groundbreaking hypothesis on the greenhouse effect to the landmark achievements of the Paris Agreement, encapsulating over a century of environmental activism and scholarly debate. The discourse extends beyond traditional environmental concerns, exploring the intersection of climate change with public health, food security, and gender disparities, underscoring the urgency of sustainable agricultural practices and the pivotal role of women in food systems. It introduces the transformative potential of digital health innovations and renewable energy technologies as crucial tools in climate mitigation, highlighting the need for an integrated socio-technical governance model that includes community resilience and biopsychosocial health. The book critically addresses the dynamics of climate finance, advocating for inclusive green growth through strategic renewable energy investments, and revisits the ‘Tragedy of the Commons’ to challenge conventional views on communal resource management. It advocates for a justice-oriented approach to tackling the multifaceted environmental, social, and economic challenges, with a particular lens on the adverse impacts borne by marginalized communities in the Global South. Furthermore, it explores the untapped potential of wild genetic resources in bolstering food security. It aligns with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, advocating for integrating Indigenous wisdom into urban development strategies. This book is a call to action, serving as a comprehensive scholarly examination that addresses the multifaceted challenges of climate change, health, and sustainability and champions a collective approach towards forging a sustainable and equitable future.
Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability in Africa
by Rattan Lal Bal Ram Singh Lars Olav Eik Andy Safalaoh Nyambilila A. Amuri Bishal K. SitaulaThis book discusses knowledge-based sustainable agro-ecological and natural resource management systems and best practices for sustained agricultural productivity and ecosystem resilience for better livelihoods under a changing climate. With a focus on agriculture in Africa, the book assesses innovative technologies for use on smallholder farms, and addresses some of the key Sustainable Development Goals to guide innovative responses and enhanced adaptation methods for coping with climate change.Contributions are based on 'Capacity Building for Managing Climate Change in Malawi' (CABMACC), a five-year program with an overall goal to improve livelihoods and food security through innovative responses and enhanced capacity of adaptation to climate change. Readers will discover more about sustainable crop production, climate smart agriculture, on-farm energy supply from biogas and the potential of soil carbon sequestration in crop-livestock systems.
Climate Impacts on Water Resources in India: Environment and Health (Water Science and Technology Library #95)
by Ashish Pandey S. K. Mishra M. L. Kansal R. D. Singh V. P. SinghThis book chiefly focuses on environmental flow, water pollution and water quality. Several chapters also cover water treatment technologies and management. In today’s context, climate change and climate variability are important issues in the water sector, which is called upon to develop adaptation strategies to cope with their negative impacts. Human health depends upon the quality of water used for drinking and irrigation purposes. These core issues are discussed and addressed in several chapters. The book explores the impact of climate change on water resources and considers various climatological scenarios. In this regard, it carries out a trend analysis and compares the performance of various Global Climate Models (GCMs). Further, it conducts a water quality analysis and water quality mapping so as to provide information on the most vulnerable areas in the context of water quality. Emerging pollutants, generated from paper mills, are identified in order to choose an appropriate treatment technology. Bioremediation techniques are included for the characterization of improved water quality parameters. The book also presents a low-cost treatment technology for fluoride removal, which can help water managers ensure potable water to stakeholders. In terms of maintaining river ecology in the downstream areas of water resources project sites, the book provides a number of case studies on assessment of environmental flows. Advanced treatment technologies that can be highly advantageous for removing water pollutants are presented. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for academics, water resources practitioners, scientists, water managers, environmentalists, administrators, NGOs, researchers and students who are involved in water management with a main focus on water pollution, the environment, climate change and health.
Climate in Motion: Science, Empire, and the Problem of Scale
by Deborah R. CoenToday, predicting the impact of human activities on the earth’s climate hinges on tracking interactions among phenomena of radically different dimensions, from the molecular to the planetary. Climate in Motion shows that this multiscalar, multicausal framework emerged well before computers and satellites. Extending the history of modern climate science back into the nineteenth century, Deborah R. Coen uncovers its roots in the politics of empire-building in central and eastern Europe. She argues that essential elements of the modern understanding of climate arose as a means of thinking across scales in a state—the multinational Habsburg Monarchy, a patchwork of medieval kingdoms and modern laws—where such thinking was a political imperative. Led by Julius Hann in Vienna, Habsburg scientists were the first to investigate precisely how local winds and storms might be related to the general circulation of the earth’s atmosphere as a whole. Linking Habsburg climatology to the political and artistic experiments of late imperial Austria, Coen grounds the seemingly esoteric science of the atmosphere in the everyday experiences of an earlier era of globalization. Climate in Motion presents the history of modern climate science as a history of “scaling”—that is, the embodied work of moving between different frameworks for measuring the world. In this way, it offers a critical historical perspective on the concepts of scale that structure thinking about the climate crisis today and the range of possibilities for responding to it.
Climate Justice: Five Angles on the Crisis and the Movement
by Brandon Barclay Derman“Because the development of the carbon economy has always been closely bound up with the deepening of human inequalities, movements seeking climate justice need to unravel a tangle of social injustices at all scales. Through viewing the climate crisis from a range of historical and contemporary angles, Derman elevates the leadership of the most marginalized communities and nations, and interweaves their particular experiences with the universal values that bound climate justice movements together. His work is an effective introduction for educators and students to the complexities and promises of climate justice studies.” -Zoltán Grossman, Faculty in Geography and Native American & Indigenous Studies, The Evergreen State College "Guided by a five-angle framework that aims to explore the emerging intersectionalities of space, time, difference, rule, and movement in climate justice theory and action, the book brings to light new possibilities and ways of imaging, doing, and transforming climate justice in a time of planetary urgency." -Peter Little, author of Critical Zones of Technopower and Global Political Ecology This book provides an analytical introduction to the complex challenge of climate change and the equally multi-faceted movement for climate justice. Its approach is empirically and conceptually rich, while remaining both accessible and engaging. Each chapter examines the topic through a different thematic lens, drawing on contemporary and landmark scholarship, advocacy, and activism across relevant disciplines and campaigns. These distinct angles build toward a comprehensive perspective that will equip readers to ably and critically engage in era-defining policy, political, governance, and scholarly debates.
Climate, Land-Use Change and Hydrology of the Beas River Basin, Western Himalayas (Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research)
by Seema RaniThere is a need of strengthening the global and local response to cope with the threat of climate change and adverse effects of rising anthropogenic activities in the mountain ecosystem. This book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive scientific and technical knowledge based on climate and land cover change impact assessment, adaptation and mitigation strategies in the Indian Himalayan watershed. The text updates the understanding scientific analysis to promote evidence-based policy formulation at regional and local levels. It can be used as reference materials with regards to climate and land cover change for those new learners interested in the mountainous region. This comprehensive book covers a wide range of potential research areas including climate change scenarios, science and its applications, adaptation to climate change-theory and assessment, water resources, agriculture, forest, biodiversity, and ecosystems, indigenous knowledge etc.
Climate Liberalism: Perspectives on Liberty, Property and Pollution (Palgrave Studies in Classical Liberalism)
by Jonathan H. AdlerClimate Liberalism examines the potential and limitations of classical-liberal approaches to pollution control and climate change. Some successful environmental strategies, such as the use of catch-shares for fisheries, instream water rights, and tradable emission permits, draw heavily upon the classical liberal intellectual tradition and its emphasis on property rights and competitive markets. This intellectual tradition has been less helpful, to date, in the development or design of climate change policies. Climate Liberalism aims to help fill the gap in the academic literature examining the extent to which classical-liberal principles, including an emphasis on property rights, decentralized authority and dynamic markets, can inform the debate over climate-change policies. The contributors in this book approach the topic from a range of perspectives and represent multiple academic disciplines. Chapters consider the role of property rights and common-law legal systems in controlling pollution, the extent to which competitive markets backed by legal rules encourage risk minimization and adaptation, and how to identify the sorts of policy interventions that may help address climate change in ways that are consistent with liberal values.
Climate Literacy and Innovations in Climate Change Education: Distance Learning for Sustainable Development (Climate Change Management)
by Walter Leal Filho Ulisses M. Azeiteiro Luísa AiresThis book addresses the links between climate change and the threats it poses to sustainable development, from a distance education perspective. Discussing current trends and challenges in sustainable development education, climate literacy and innovations in climate change education, it contributes to the global debate on the implementation of education for sustainability. It also assesses the role that e-learning can play in this process, addressing pedagogical concepts as well as the wide range of technological options now available.
Climate Management Issues: Economics, Sociology, and Politics
by Julie K. GinesDespite all the controversy and hype that climate change has generated, there now exists an overwhelming body of scientific evidence that the problem is real and that its effects are already being felt on a global scale. Part of what makes this a volatile and controversial issue is that it is not just confined to the realms of the scientific commun
Climate Modelling
by Elisabeth A. Lloyd Eric WinsbergThis edited collection of works by leading climate scientists and philosophers introduces readers to issues in the foundations, evaluation, confirmation, and application of climate models. It engages with important topics directly affecting public policy, including the role of doubt, the use of satellite data, and the robustness of models. Climate Modelling provides an early and significant contribution to the burgeoning Philosophy of Climate Science field that will help to shape our understanding of these topics in both philosophy and the wider scientific context. It offers insight into the reasons we should believe what climate models say about the world but addresses the issues that inform how reliable and well-confirmed these models are. This book will be of interest to students of climate science, philosophy of science, and of particular relevance to policy makers who depend on the models that forecast future states of the climate and ocean in order to make public policy decisions.