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CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration Strategies (Sustainable Energy Strategies)
by Yatish T. ShahOffering practical treatment strategies for CO2 emission generated from various energy-related sources, CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration Strategies emphasizes carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS) with special focus on methods for each component of the strategy. While other books mostly focus on CCS strategy for CO2, this book details the technologies available for utilization of CO2, showing how it can be a valuable renewable source for chemicals, materials, fuels, and power instead of a waste material damaging the environment. Highlights current and potential future commercially viable CCUS strategies Discusses applications for direct and the more complex indirect utilization of CO2 streams Examines viability of the mineral carbonation process and biological treatments to convert CO2 into useful biochemicals, biomaterials, and biofuels Explores heterogeneous catalysis for thermal and electrochemical conversion and solar energy-based thermal, photo-thermal, and photocatalytic conversion of CO2 Presents the rapidly growing concept of plasma-activated catalysis for CO2 conversion CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration Strategies is a valuable reference for researchers in academia, industry, and government organizations seeking a guide to effective CCUS processes, technologies, and applications.
CO2 Conversion and Utilization: Photocatalytic and Electrochemical Methods and Applications
by Zhicheng ZhangCO2 Conversion and Utilization Comprehensive overview of current development of various catalysts in CO2 conversion and utilization through photocatalytic and electrochemical methods CO2 Conversion and Utilization systematically summarizes the development of CO2 photo- and electro-conversion and utilization, especially the reaction mechanism, engineering and technology of testing, and preparation methods and physicochemical properties of various catalytic materials. The rational design and preparation of catalysts, development of characterization technologies, and in-depth understanding of catalytic mechanisms are systematically discussed. In particular, the various parameters influencing the photocatalytic and electrochemical CO2 reduction are emphasized. The underlying challenges and perspectives for the future development of efficient catalysts for CO2 reduction to specific chemicals and fuels are discussed at the end of the text. Written by a highly qualified author with significant experience in the field, CO2 Conversion and Utilization includes information on: Measurement systems and parameters for CO2 photo/electro-conversion, CO2 photo/electro-conversion mechanism, and Cu-based and Cu-free metal materials for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction Organic-inorganic, metal organic framework, and covalent organic framework hybrid materials for CO2 photo/electro-conversion Single/dual-atom catalysts, homogeneous catalysts, and high-entropy alloys for CO2 photo/electro-conversion Semiconductor composite and carbon-based materials for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, novel routes for CO2 utilization via metal-CO2 batteries, and CO2 conversion into long-chain compounds Providing comprehensive coverage of the subject, CO2 Conversion and Utilization is of high interest for scientific researchers as well as engineers and technicians in industry, including but not limited to photochemists, electrochemists, environmental chemists, catalytic chemists, chemists in industry, and inorganic chemists.
CO2 Free Ammonia as an Energy Carrier: Japan's Insights
by Ken-Ichi Aika Hideaki KobayashiThis book describes important findings in intensive studies conducted in Japan on ammonia as an energy carrier. It illustrates an advanced solar-heat capture system and storage materials at 600°C and hydrogen production with SOECs and a new IS method through the use of heat. New industrial ammonia catalysts and a demonstration process that started running in Fukushima are also introduced. Advanced ammonia decomposition catalysts and the process that were developed for use by the hydrogen station are presented. An advanced direct ammonia fuel cell was developed and the base data are shown. The book explains that ammonia is used as a fuel for industrial applications because its burning can be controlled without emitting extra NOx in the gas turbine and the real coal co-fired power plant. These breakthroughs have made a strong impact in the world as a practical technology for CO2 reduction. Also provided here are the scientific and industrial backgrounds as well as the environmental assessment and economic evaluation for the future.This book will be helpful for all who are interested in energy technology—researchers, students, and strategy planners at companies and in the government.
CO2 Refrigeration Cycle and Systems (Lecture Notes in Energy #96)
by Xin-Rong Zhang Trygve Magne EikevikThis book covers the fundamentals and applications of carbon dioxide vapor compression refrigeration thermodynamic cycles. In particular, it presents new application areas, such as making ice and snow in the Winter Olympic Games, food cooling and refrigeration. The book explores the physical and chemical characteristics of CO2 fluid, and the unique traits of its thermodynamic cycle. The contributors explain how CO2 refrigeration is a developing, eco-friendly technology, and emphasize its importance for refrigeration and air-conditioning in the current and future market.This book is a valuable source of information for researchers, engineers and policy makers looking to expand their applicable knowledge of high-potential refrigeration technology using carbon dioxide. It is also of interest to postgraduate students and practitioners looking for an academic insight into the industry’s latest eco-friendly technologies.
CO2-Reservoir Oil Miscibility: Experimental and Non-experimental Characterization and Determination Approaches (SpringerBriefs in Petroleum Geoscience & Engineering)
by Dayanand SainiThis SpringerBrief critically examines the latest experimental and non-experimental approaches used for the fast and reliable characterization and determination of CO2-reservoir oil miscibility in terms of the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). This book serves as a one-stop source for developing an enhanced understanding of these available methods, and specifically documents, analyses, and evaluates their suitability and robustness for depicting and characterizing the phenomenon of CO2-reservoir oil miscibility in a fast and cost-effective manner. Such information can greatly assist a project team in selecting an appropriate MMP determination method as per the project’s need at a given project’s stage, be that screening, design, or implementation. CO2-Reservoir Oil Miscibility: Experiential and Non-Experimental Characterization and Determination Approaches will be of interest to petroleum science and engineering professionals, researchers, and undergraduate and graduate students engaged in CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and/or simultaneous CO2-EOR and storage projects and related research. It may also be of interest to engineering and management professionals within the petroleum industry who have responsibility for implementing CO2-EOR projects.
CO2 Rising: The World's Greatest Environmental Challenge (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Tyler VolkAn introduction to the global carbon cycle and the human-caused disturbances to it that are at the heart of global warming and climate change.The most colossal environmental disturbance in human history is under way. Ever-rising levels of the potent greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) are altering the cycles of matter and life and interfering with the Earth's natural cooling process. Melting Arctic ice and mountain glaciers are just the first relatively mild symptoms of what will result from this disruption of the planetary energy balance. In CO2 Rising, scientist Tyler Volk explains the process at the heart of global warming and climate change: the global carbon cycle. Vividly and concisely, Volk describes what happens when CO2 is released by the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), letting loose carbon atoms once trapped deep underground into the interwoven web of air, water, and soil. To demonstrate how the carbon cycle works, Volk traces the paths that carbon atoms take during their global circuits. Showing us the carbon cycle from a carbon atom's viewpoint, he follows one carbon atom into a leaf of barley and then into an alcohol molecule in a glass of beer, through the human bloodstream, and then back into the air. He also compares the fluxes of carbon brought into the biosphere naturally against those created by the combustion of fossil fuels and explains why the latter are responsible for rising temperatures. Knowledge about the global carbon cycle and the huge disturbances that human activity produces in it will equip us to consider the hard questions that Volk raises in the second half of CO2 Rising: projections of future levels of CO2; which energy systems and processes (solar, wind, nuclear, carbon sequestration?) will power civilization in the future; the relationships among the wealth of nations, energy use, and CO2 emissions; and global equity in per capita emissions. Answering these questions will indeed be our greatest environmental challenge.
CO2 Separation, Purification and Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels
by Franz Winter Rashmi Avinash Agarwal Jan Hrdlicka Sunita VarjaniThis book presents the recent research on the separation, purification and downstream utilization of CO2 and other flue gases. Chapters include a detailed discussion on the purification and further conversion of CO2 to commodity chemicals and fuels. With contributions from renowned researchers in the field, the book focuses on the current challenges of catalytic high-pressure chemical conversion and biochemical conversion into high-value products. This book is of interest to researchers, professionals, and students working on carbon capture and sequestration, and is a valuable resource for policy makers and government agents working on guidelines and frameworks for carbon capture and reuse.
CO2 Sequestration, Biofuels and Depollution (Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World #5)
by Eric Lichtfouse Jan Schwarzbauer Didier RobertWater is the driving force of all nature. This old quote from Leonardo da Vinci reminds us that without water life is simply not possible. As a consequence, water is probably the most important wealth for humanity. In spite of this, drinking water is still polluted by man-made toxicals gathered by waters in soils and the atmosphere. This book presents advanced methods to clean water and air. Chapters also focus on biofuels, greenhouse gases and genetically modified crops.
CO2 Storage Coupled with Enhanced Oil Recovery
by Kun Sang Lee Jinhyung Cho Ji Ho LeeThis book provides a comprehensive and detailed description of the various mechanisms of the CCS–EOR process. Whereas previous texts have primarily focused on carbon capture and storage (CCS) and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) separately, this book provides a general overview of both technologies when used together. Coupled CCS–EOR technology has become increasingly important, as it overcomes the respective shortcomings of the two technologies. The book presents an integrated numerical model including the hysteresis effect, solubility trapping, miscibility, and formation damage by asphaltene deposition. The experimental and model-based evaluation of fluid properties is also discussed. The book concludes by discussing the latest research into CO2 storage coupled with EOR, most notably performance control by including additives in CO2 injection, and CO2 injection into shale reservoirs. Ideally suited for graduate students and researchers in the fields of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage, the book shares essential insights into maximising the efficiency of CCS and EOR alike.
CO2 Storage in Carboniferous Formations and Abandoned Coal Mines
by Manchao He Luis Ribeiro e Sousa Derek Elsworth Euripedes VargasUnderground geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) has considerable potential for mitigating climate change. CO2 can be safely injected and stored at well characterized and properly managed sites. Injecting carbon dioxide in deep geological formations can store it underground for long periods of time. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs, saline aqu
CO2, Temperature, and Trees: Experimental Approaches (Ecological Research Monographs)
by Dieter OverdieckThis comprehensive book discusses the ecophysiological features of trees affected by the two most prominent factors of climate change: atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature. It starts with the introduction of experimental methods at the leaf, branch, the whole-tree, and tree group scales, and in the following chapters elaborates on specific topics including photosynthesis of leaves, respiration of plant organs, water use efficiency, the production of and/or distribution patterns of carbohydrates, secondary metabolites, and nutrients, anatomy of cells and tissues, height and stem-diameter growth, biomass accumulation, leaf phenology and longevity, and model ecosystems (soil-litter-plant enclosures). The current knowledge is neatly summarized, and the author presents valuable data derived from his 30 years of experimental research, some of which is published here for the first time. Using numerous examples the book answers the fundamental questions such as: What are the interactions of elevated CO2 concentration and temperature on tree growth and matter partitioning? How do different tree groups react? Are there any effects on organisms living together with trees? What kinds of models can be used to interpret the results from experiments on trees? This volume is highly recommended for researchers, postdocs, and graduate students in the relevant fields. It is also a valuable resource for undergraduate students, decision-makers in the fields of forest management and environmental protection, and any other scientists who are interested in the effect of global change on ecosystems.
CO2 und CO – Nachhaltige Kohlenstoffquellen für die Kreislaufwirtschaft
by Manfred Kircher Thomas SchwarzKlimaschutz und Rohstoffwandel erfordern für die Chemie- und Treibstoffindustrie neue, nachhaltige Kohlenstoffquellen. Tatsächlich erreichen Verfahren, die kohlenstoffhaltige Emissions- und Gasströme industriell verwerten, die industrielle Praxis. Sie werden auch in Europa einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Senkung der Kohlenstoff-Emission und für den Einstieg in eine echte Kohlenstoff-Kreislaufwirtschaft leisten.Dieses Buch beschreibt die Grundlagen chemischer und biotechnologischer Verfahren zur Umsetzung von CO und CO2 zu Chemikalien und Treibstoffen und geht auf das Potential für die produzierende Wirtschaft, Industriestandorte und Regionen ein:Welche Emissions- und Gasströme bieten Rohstoffpotential? Welche Verfahren werden bereits implementiert, werden geprüft und sind in Entwicklung?Welche Produkte können aus gasförmigen Kohlenstoffquellen hergestellt werden?Wie können Kohlenstoff abgebende und verbrauchende Industrien zu neuen Wertschöpfungsketten verknüpft werden?Wie sehen die regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen aus?Wie sieht der ökologische Fußabdruck aus?Wie tragen die neuen Verfahren zur regionalen Wirtschaft bei und unterstützen damit die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz?
Coabsorbent and Thermal Recovery Compression Heat Pumping Technologies (Heat and Mass Transfer)
by Mihail-Dan StaicoviciThis book introduces two of the most exciting heat pumping technologies, the coabsorbent and the thermal recovery (mechanical vapor) compression, characterized by a high potential in primary energy savings and environmental protection. New cycles with potential applications of nontruncated, truncated, hybrid truncated, and multi-effect coabsorbent types are introduced in this work Thermal-to-work recovery compression (TWRC) is the first of two particular methods explored here, including how superheat is converted into work, which diminishes the compressor work input. In the second method, thermal-to-thermal recovery compression (TTRC), the superheat is converted into useful cooling and/or heating, and added to the cycle output effect via the coabsorbent technology. These and other methods of discharge gas superheat recovery are analyzed for single-, two-, three-, and multi-stage compression cooling and heating, ammonia and ammonia-water cycles, and the effectiveness results are given. The author presents absorption-related topics, including the divided-device method for mass and heat transfer analysis, and truncation as a unique method for a better source-task match. Along with advanced gax recovery, the first and second principles of COP and exergy calculation, the ideal point approaching (i. p. a. ) effect and the two-point theory of mass and heat transfer, the book also addresses the new wording of the Laplace equation, the Marangoni effect true explanation, and the new mass and heat exchangers based on this effect The work goes on to explore coabsorbent separate and combined cooling, heating, and power (CHP) production and advanced water-lithium bromide cycle air-conditioning, as well as analyzing high-efficiency ammonia-water heat-driven heating and industrial low-temperature cooling, in detail Readers will learn how coabsorbent technology is based on classic absorption, but is more general. It is capable of offering effective solutions for all cooling and heating applications (industry, agriculture, district, household, etc. ), provided that two supplying heat-sink sources with temperatures outdistanced by a minimum of 12-15ºC are available This book has clear and concise presentation and illustrates the theory and applications with diagrams, tables, and flowcharts.
Coaching College Students with Executive Function Problems
by Mary R. Kennedy Mckay Moore SohlbergAlthough executive function difficulties are often addressed in school-age children, there are few resources showing how to help these individuals when they are older. This book presents a dynamic coaching model that helps college students become self-regulated learners by improving their goal-setting, planning, time management, and organizational skills. Ideal for use with students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disabilities, acquired brain injury, and other challenges, Mary R. T. Kennedy's approach incorporates motivational interviewing and emphasizes practical problem solving. User-friendly features include numerous concrete examples, sample dialogues, and print and online resource listings. In a large-size format for easy photocopying, the book contains 21 reproducible forms. Purchasers get access to a Web page where they can download and print the reproducible materials for repeated use.
Coaching With NLP: How To Be a Master Coach
by Joseph O'Connor Andrea LagesA practical guide to using NLP in business and life coaching from bestselling NLP expert Joseph O’Connor. This book is suitable for both established coaches and for those who are being coached. <p><p> Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) is the psychology of excellence. It is based on the practical skills that are used by all good communicators to obtain excellent results. These skills are invaluable for personal and professional development. <p><p> NLP provides most, if not all, of the skills necessary to become a full time coach or a manager who coaches. This book will help all those looking to have any level of involvement in coaching either as a coach or as the recipient of coaching. NLP enables the coaching process to be faster with fewer meetings, a great benefit in today’s time-pressured industries. <p><p> This book is one of the first to combine business and life coaching with NLP. It provides guidelines and skills for an improved all-round performance as a coach, along with the skills necessary to look after, organize and coach yourself. It provides a comprehensive guide to coaching that will meet the needs of all, no matter what their involvement in coaching.
Coade Stone: A History and Analysis (Cultural Heritage Science)
by Howell G. Edwards Christopher J. BrookeThe history and nature of artificial stone for use in architecture is a subject still shrouded in myth and misconception. This book aims to lay bare those misconceptions and present a scientific and architectural account of these materials, and especially Coade Stone, the most successful of all, which found great favour during the Georgian period. Many examples of Coade Stone cast sculpture still exist and several key examples are presented in context and as case studies . Eleanor Coade’s artificial stone was so good that many observers could not distinguish it from the natural stone it replaced: the growth in replication of the neo-classical statuary and building adornment required in the late Georgian and Regency period was well satisfied by the use of Coade stone. A holistic evaluation of Coade stone artefacts is undertaken whereby the use of analytical data, historical documentation, invoices, company records, impressed marks and expert connoisseurship will establishthe attribution of Coade stone artefacts, some of which are currently in the unknown category. Several new scientific analyses are presented that demonstrate the true nature of high temperature fired ceramic Coade Stone and allow comparison with other forms of artificial stone, such as the cold cured cementitious variations, which eventually replaced it in the Victorian period.
Coagulation and Flocculation
by Hansjoachim Stechemesser Bohulav DobiášFirst published in 1993, Coagulation and Flocculation is a practical reference for the researchers in the field of the stabilization and destabilization of fine solid dispersions. By omitting chapters that remained unchanged from the first edition, the editors of this second edition completely update, rewrite, and expand upon all chapters to reflec
The Coagulation Labyrinth of Covid-19
by Marco RanucciThis book is devoted to COVID-19 associated coagulopathy, one of the main determinants of mortality. The volume, intended as a guide, will lead the reader in a pathway starting from pathophysiology and passing through laboratory data, clinical aspects, imaging, and therapeutic options. Written in the middle of the second wave, the book is the first addressing the topic and summarizing the results of studies and articles meanwhile published, thus representing a unique tool for clinicians fighting the disease. The Coagulation Labyrinth of Covid-19 is intended for clinicians working with acute and sub-acute ARDS cases: intensivists, anesthesiologists, cardiologists, hematologists, who will find in it an essential guide to manage the COVID-19 pandemic.
Coal and Biomass Gasification: Recent Advances and Future Challenges (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Avinash Kumar Agarwal Santanu De V. S. Moholkar Bhaskar ThalladaThis book addresses the science and technology of the gasification process and the production of electricity, synthetic fuels and other useful chemicals. Pursuing a holistic approach, it covers the fundamentals of gasification and its various applications. In addition to discussing recent advances and outlining future directions, it covers advanced topics such as underground coal gasification and chemical looping combustion, and describes the state-of-the-art experimental techniques, modeling and numerical simulations, environmentally friendly approaches, and technological challenges involved. Written in an easy-to-understand format with a comprehensive glossary and bibliography, the book offers an ideal reference guide to coal and biomass gasification for beginners, engineers and researchers involved in designing or operating gasification plants.
Coal-burning Type of Endemic Fluorosis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Treatments
by Zhi-Zhong GuanEndemic fluorosis is caused by excessive intake of fluorine in drinking water, air, food, tea and other media in a specific natural environment for a long time, which involves at least 25 countries, such as China, India, Vietnam, Iran, Egypt, Mexico, Argentina and influences more than 200 million of population. China and India are the countries with the most extensive endemic fluorosis and the most serious damages. There are three main intake sources of endemic fluorosis, e.g., drinking water, coal-burning pollution and drinking tea. Coal-burning type of endemic fluorosis was established in Guizhou Province of China in 1970’s. The residents in the areas used indoor stoves with no flue to burn coals with high content of fluoride to bake grains in the autumn and heat in the winter. This results in excessive intake of fluorine and then leads chronic poisoning. It has been confirmed that 13 provinces of China with 34.3 million of population are influenced by this type of fluorosis with severe injuries to most organs of human body. The content of this book covers the epidemiology, pathological changes, molecular pathogenesis and clinical treatments of the disease. This book is a suitable reference for the researchers and graduate students in this field, which is helpful to improve the understanding of this disease and to take preventive measures.
Coal Geology
by Larry ThomasA global exploration of coal geology, from production and use to chemical properties and coal petrology Coal Geology, 3rd Edition, offers a revised and updated edition of this popular book which provides a comprehensive overview of the field of coal geology including coal geophysics, hydrogeology and mining. Also covered in this volume are fully revised coverage of resource and reserve definitions, equipment and recording techniques together with the use of coal as an alternative energy source as well as environmental implications. This third edition provides a textbook ideally suited to anyone studying, researching or working in the field of coal geology, geotechnical engineering and environmental science. Fills the gap between academic aspects of coal geology and the practical role of geology in the coal industry Examines sedimentological and stratigraphical geology, together with mining, geophysics, hydrogeology, environmental issues and coal marketing Defines global coal resource classifications and methods of calculation Addresses the alternative uses of coal as a source of energy Covers a global approach to coal producers and consumers
Coal Industry of the Former USSR: Coal Supply System and Industry Development
by A. B. Kovalchuk B. C. HardingeThe Coal Industry of the Former USSR presents a two-part study of coal supply systems and development of the industry in the territory of the former USSR. The first part covers the role of coal in the economy, provides an overview of current status and forecast of the eight major coal basins and environmental problems associated with the industry.
Coal Production and Processing Technology (Fuels and Petrochemicals)
by M. R. Riazi Rajender GuptaCoal Production and Processing Technology provides uniquely comprehensive coverage of the latest coal technologies used in everything from mining to greenhouse gas mitigation. Featuring contributions from experts in industry and academia, this book:Discusses coal geology, characterization, beneficiation, combustion, coking, gasification, and liquef
Coal Research And Development: To Support National Energy Policy
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesCoal will continue to provide a major portion of energy requirements in the United States for at least the next several decades. It is imperative that accurate information describing the amount, location, and quality of the coal resources and reserves be available to fulfill energy needs. It is also important that the United States extract its coal resources efficiently, safely, and in an environmentally responsible manner. A renewed focus on federal support for coal-related research, coordinated across agencies and with the active participation of the states and industrial sector, is a critical element for each of these requirements. Coal focuses on the research and development needs and priorities in the areas of coal resource and reserve assessments, coal mining and processing, transportation of coal and coal products, and coal utilization.
Coal Wars: The Future of Energy and the Fate of the Planet
by Richard MartinSince the late 18th century, when it emerged as a source of heating and, later, steam power, coal has brought untold benefits to mankind. Even today, coal generates almost 45 percent of the world's power. Our modern technological society would be inconceivable without coal and the energy it provides. Unfortunately, that society will not survive unless we wean ourselves off coal. The largest single source of greenhouse gases, coal is responsible for 43 percent of the world's carbon emissions. Richard Martin, author of SuperFuel, argues that to limit catastrophic climate change, we must find a way to power our world with less polluting energy sources, and we must do it in the next couple of decades—or else it is "game over." It won't be easy: as coal plants shut down across the United States, and much of Europe turns to natural gas, coal use is growing in the booming economies of Asia— particularly China and India. Even in Germany, where nuclear power stations are being phased out in the wake of the Fukushima accident, coal use is growing. Led by the Sierra Club and its ambitious "Beyond Coal" campaign, environmentalists hope to drastically reduce our dependence on coal in the next decade. But doing so will require an unprecedented contraction of an established, lucrative, and politically influential worldwide industry. Big Coal will not go gently. And its decline will dramatically change lives everywhere—from Appalachian coal miners and coal company executives to activists in China's nascent environmental movement. Based on a series of journeys into the heart of coal land, from Wyoming to West Virginia to China's remote Shanxi Province, hundreds of interviews with people involved in, or affected by, the effort to shrink the industry, and deep research into the science, technology, and economics of the coal industry, Coal Wars chronicles the dramatic stories behind coal's big shutdown—and the industry's desperate attempts to remain a global behemoth. A tour de force of literary journalism, Coal Wars will be a milestone in the climate change battle.