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Coherent States and Their Applications: A Contemporary Panorama (Springer Proceedings in Physics #205)
by Jean-Pierre Antoine Fabio Bagarello Jean-Pierre GazeauCoherent states (CS) were originally introduced in 1926 by Schrödinger and rediscovered in the early 1960s in the context of laser physics. Since then, they have evolved into an extremely rich domain that pervades virtually every corner of physics, and have also given rise to a range of research topics in mathematics.The purpose of the 2016 CIRM conference was to bring together leading experts in the field with scientists interested in related topics, to jointly investigate their applications in physics, their various mathematical properties, and their generalizations in many directions. Instead of traditional proceedings, this book presents sixteen longer review-type contributions, which are the outcome of a collaborative effort by many conference participants, subsequently reviewed by independent experts.The book aptly illustrates the diversity of CS aspects, from purely mathematical topics to physical applications, including quantum gravity.
Coherent Structures in Granular Crystals: From Experiment And Modelling To Computation And Mathematical Analysis (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Christopher Chong Panayotis G. KevrekidisThis book summarizes a number of fundamental developments at the interface of granular crystals and the mathematical and computational analysis of some of their key localized nonlinear wave solutions. The subject presents a blend of the appeal of granular crystals as a prototypical engineering tested for a variety of diverse applications, the novelty in the nonlinear physics of its coherent structures, and the tractability of a series of mathematical and computational techniques to analyse them. While the focus is on principal one-dimensional solutions such as shock waves, traveling waves, and discrete breathers, numerous extensions of the discussed patterns, e.g., in two dimensions, chains with defects, heterogeneous settings, and other recent developments are discussed. The emphasis on the subject was motivated by models in condensed matter physics, ferroelectrics, high energy physics, and statistical mechanics, leading to developments in mathematical analysis, numerical computation and insights on the physical aspects of the model. The book appeals to researchers in the field, as well as for graduate and advanced undergraduate students. It will be of interest to mathematicians, physicists and engineers alike.
Coherent Vibrational Dynamics
by Sandro De Silvestri Giulio Cerullo Guglielmo LanzaniRemarkable developments in the spectroscopy field regarding ultrashort pulse generation have led to the possibility of producing light pulses ranging from 50 to5 fs and frequency tunable from the near infrared to the ultraviolet range. Such pulses enable us to follow the coupling of vibrational motion to the electronic transitions in molecules and
Coherent Vortex Structures in Fluids and Plasmas (Springer Series in Synergetics)
by Anatoli Tur Vladimir YanovskyThis monograph introduces readers to the hydrodynamics of vortex formation, and reviews the last decade of active research in the field, offering a unique focus on research topics at the crossroads of traditional fluids and plasmas. Vortices are responsible for the process of macroscopic transport of momentum, energy and mass, and are formed as the result of spontaneous self-organization. Playing an important role in nature and technology, localized, coherent vortices are regularly observed in shear flows, submerged jets, afterbody flows and in atmospheric boundary layers, sometimes taking on the form of vortex streets. In addition, the book addresses a number of open issues, including but not limited to: which singularities are permitted in a 2D Euler equation besides point vortices? Which other, even more complex, localized vortices could be contained in the Euler equation? How do point vortices interact with potential waves?
Cohesin and Condensin: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1515)
by Kyoko Yokomori Katsuhiko ShirahigeThe volume provides comprehensive, state-of-the-art experimental techniques that are now available to dissect the molecular mechanisms of regulation and function of cohesin and the related factor condensin in vitro and in vivo across different model organisms, as well as in human cells. Cohesin and Condensin: Methods and Protocols is divided into three parts: Part I explores various in vitro and in vivo systems used to study the fundamental mechanism of cohesin regulation in mitosis and meiosis; Part II summarizes experimental systems in a variety of organisms that are used to address interphase functions of cohesin and Nipbl in gene regulation and chromatin interaction, ribosome biogenesis and DNA repair, which contribute significantly to cohesion-associated disorders; Part III covers related condensin complex and describes techniques to study its role in mitosis and interphase. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Cohesin and Condensin: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for diverse audiences with interests in the relationship between chromatin organization and genomic functions.
Cohesive Zone Modelling for Fatigue Life Analysis of Adhesive Joints (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Lucas F. da Silva Alireza Akhavan-Safar Eduardo A. Marques Ricardo J. CarbasThis book explains the numerical method for fatigue life analysis of adhesive joints using the CZM technique. CZM is a robust approach that is widely used for failure analysis of adhesive joints exposed to various stress conditions including fatigue. In this book, various aspects of the numerical evaluation of adhesive bonds using CZM are discussed. First of all, it is explained how different load and environmental parameters influence the service life of adhesive connections. Various types of CZM shapes and their applications are then discussed. It was answered how different parameters of a CZM should be defined. It is also discussed which CZM form should be used for each condition. The book then describes how the CZM parameters should be degraded to simulate the cyclic loading behavior of bonded structures. Various CZM strategies for the fatigue life assessment of adhesive joints are discussed. The book presents various techniques that can be followed for the simulation of load cycles for both high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue regimes based on the concepts of the CZM. Details of numerical methods to be considered in the FE software for the fatigue life assessment of adhesives with CZM are also described in this book. Finally, some numerical examples using CZM are also provided.
Colapso: Por qué unas sociedades perduran y otras desaparecen
by Jared DiamondJared Diamond se pregunta cómo unas sociedades que han desaparecido sin apenas dejar huella de su evolución han alcanzado una próspera civilización material y cultural. A través de sus amplios conocimientos en sociología, economía, lingüística, biología o antropología, Diamond trata de explicar la desaparición de sociedades del pasado y se pregunta si podemos aprender la lección y evitar desastres parecidos en el futuro. El punto de partida es una rigurosa investigación de los casos de culturas que no han perdurado: historias trágicas como la de los mayas, la de la Isla de Pascua o la de los indios anasazi en Norteamérica; historias menos terribles como la de Islandia o de Japón, culturas que han sabido reaccionar con éxito a desafíos ambientales; historias también de vencedores y vencidos, como el caso de la República Dominicana y de Haití, dos pueblos que a pesar de compartir el mismo medio ambiente han evolucionado de modos muy distintos, y finalmente historias aún abiertas como las de China o Australia, que están buscando soluciones innovadoras a sus desafíos ecológicos y sociales. ¿Qué lección podemos aprender del pasado? ¿Está nuestro futuro en peligro? Las respuestas que ofrece este libro no son catastróficas, pero al mismo tiempo nos advierten de la urgencia de tomar decisiones cuanto antes si queremos seguir admirando las ruinas de otros pueblos que nos han precedido. Reseñas:«Uno de los proyectos intelectuales más significativos de nuestra generación.»The New York Times «En conjunto, Armas, gérmenes y acero y Colapso representan uno de los proyectos más importantes en los que se ha embarcado ningún intelectual de nuestra generación.»Gregg Easterbrook, The New York Time Book Review
Cold: Adventures in the World's Frozen Places
by Bill StreeverFrom avalanches to glaciers, from seals to snowflakes, and from Shackleton's expedition to "The Year Without Summer," Bill Streever journeys through history, myth, geography, and ecology in a year-long search for cold--real, icy, 40-below cold. In July he finds it while taking a dip in a 35-degree Arctic swimming hole; in September while excavating our planet's ancient and not so ancient ice ages; and in October while exploring hibernation habits in animals, from humans to wood frogs to bears. A scientist whose passion for cold runs red hot, Streever is a wondrous guide: he conjures woolly mammoth carcasses and the ice-age Clovis tribe from melting glaciers, and he evokes blizzards so wild readers may freeze--limb by vicarious limb.
Cold-adapted Yeasts: Biodiversity, Adaptation Strategies and Biotechnological Significance
by Pietro Buzzini and Rosa MargesinYeasts are a versatile group of eukaryotic microorganisms, exhibiting heterogeneous nutritional profiles and an extraordinary ability to survive in a wide range of natural and man-associated ecosystems, including cold habitats. Cold-adapted yeasts inhabit numerous low-temperature environments where they are subjected to seasonal or permanent cold conditions. Hence, they have evolved a number of adaptation strategies with regard to growth and reproduction, metabolic activities, survival and protection. Due to their distinctive ability to thrive successfully at low and even subzero temperatures, cold-adapted yeasts are increasingly attracting attention in basic science and industry for their enormous biotechnological potential.This book presents our current understanding of the diversity and ecology of cold-adapted yeasts in worldwide cold ecosystems, their adaptation strategies, and their biotechnological significance. Special emphasis is placed on the exploitation of cold-adapted yeasts as a source of cold-active enzymes and biopolymers, as well as their benefits for food microbiology, bioremediation and biocontrol. Further, aspects of food biodeterioration are considered.
Cold-Blooded Kindness
by Barbara OakleyAre some people predisposed to kindness to the point of being destructive to themselves and others? How much of our help is fulfilling our own needs--including those of our hidden passions? This is the true story of Carole Alden, a brilliant, yet eccentric mother of five, who evinced a deep and abiding need to help society's outcasts. At her rural homestead an adopted pony mingled with llamas, goats, emus, and dozens of other creatures, familiar and exotic. But Carole's expressed desire to help others extended beyond the animals she took in. It extended beyond her meager resources, even beyond the children she insisted she loved, yet sometimes left neglected in a surreal world of danger. Finally, in the remote reaches of Utah's Great Basin, Carole Alden shot and killed her husband. Dragging his heavy body from the house, she headed for a makeshift grave. Was the murder self-defense? Premeditated? Or was something else altogether at hand? In this searing exploration of deadly codependency, the author takes the reader on a spellbinding voyage of discovery that examines the questions: Are some people naturally too caring? Is caring sometimes a mask for darker motives? Can science help us understand how our concerns for others can hurt everything we hold dear? This gripping story brings extraordinary insight to our deepest questions. Is kindness always the right answer? Is kindness always what it seems?
Cold Case Homicides: Practical Investigative Techniques, Second Edition (Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations)
by R.H. WaltonThis book, now in its second edition, is the first and most exhaustive text covering the still growing popularity of cold case investigations which locate perpetrators and free the innocent. The new edition adds approximately 80 pages of content, including material on clandestine graves and investigating cold gang cases. The book merges theory with practice through the use of case histories, photographs, illustrations and checklists that convey essential, fundamental concepts while providing a strong, practical basis for the investigative process.
Cold Case Research Resources for Unidentified, Missing, and Cold Homicide Cases
by Silvia PettemCases in which all investigative leads appear to be exhausted are frustrating for both investigators and victims families. Cold cases can range from those only a few months old to others that go back for decades. Presenting profiles and actual case histories, Cold Case Research: Resources for Unidentified, Missing and Cold Homicide Cases illustrat
Cold Cases: Evaluation Models with Follow-up Strategies for Investigators, Second Edition (Advances in Police Theory and Practice)
by James M. Adcock Sarah L. SteinBecause the investigation of cold cases is usually an arduous and time-consuming task, most law enforcement agencies in the United States are not able to dedicate the resources necessary to support the cold case investigation process. However, when those cases are fully pursued and prosecuted, they often result in convictions and lengthy prison terms. Cold Cases: Evaluation Models with Follow-up Strategies for Investigators, Second Edition saves law enforcement time by providing detailed guidelines for determining if a cold case is solvable, and if so, how to organize, manage, and evaluate the investigation. It also provides techniques for developing investigative strategies to complement the evaluation process and resolve the crime.This second edition features a new revised model and methodology for investigating cold cases suitable for all police and public safety agencies—large or small, domestic or international. This new model is more expeditious and convenient for departments that have less manpower and experience in dealing with cold cases. It emphasizes the prioritization of cold cases based on the availability of physical evidence and the chances of deriving matches from said evidence and an identified person of interest.Additional topics covered in the second edition include: How cases go cold Strategies for creating a cold case unit Cold case investigations in a Dutch educational environment—a chapter written by members of the Dutch Police Academy New forensic science technologies, including DNA, CODIS, and AFIS Case studies demonstrating advances in suspectology Strategies for effective investigative interviewing Challenges posed by staged crime scenes in cold cases How to craft a cold case evaluation report The expert authors of this book maintain The Center for the Resolution of Unresolved Crimes and conduct training and consulting worldwide. Their practical book is designed to help law enforcement agencies resurrect long-forgotten cases, bringing closure to victims and holding accountable those who are responsible. This book is part of the Advances in Police Theory and Practice series
Cold Climate HVAC 2018: Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates (Springer Proceedings in Energy)
by Dennis Johansson Hans Bagge Åsa WahlströmThis volume presents the proceedings of the 9th Cold Climate HVAC conference, which was held in Kiruna, Sweden in 2018. The conference highlighted key technologies and processes that allow scientists, designers, engineers, manufacturers and other decision makers in cold climate regions to achieve good indoor environmental quality (IEQ) with a minimum use of energy and other resources. The conference addressed various technical, economic and social aspects of buildings and HVAC systems in new and renovated buildings. This proceedings volume gathers peer-reviewed papers by a diverse and international range of authors and showcases perspectives and practices in cold climate building design from around the globe. The following major aspects, which include both fundamental and theoretical research as well as applications and case studies, are covered: (1) Energy and power efficiency and low-energy buildings; (2) Renovating buildings; (3) Efficient HVAC components; (4) Heat pumps and geothermal systems; (5) Municipal and city energy systems; (6) Construction management; (7) Buildings in operation; (8) Building simulation; (9) Reference data; (10) Transdisciplinary connections and social aspects; (11) Indoor environments and health; (12) Moisture safety and water damage; (13) Codes, regulations, standards and policies; and (14) Other aspects of buildings in cold climates.
Cold Comfort
by Gil McelroyWhen his father died, award-winning poet and curator Gil McElroy was given a box of photographs that documented his father's military career. Beginning in the Second World War and continuing right through to the end of the Cold War, the senior McElroy staffed Canada's network of electronic defence, including the Distant Early Warning Line - a network of radar stations stretching along the Arctic coast from Alaska to Baffin Island. Established in the early 1950s, the DEW Line provided advance warning of an aircraft or missile attack. There, servicemen lived in isolated radar stations, watching surveillance screens for the telltale blips that threatened nuclear annihilation.McElroy reflects on the sacrifices these men made, living away from their families for great lengths of time - for the "greater good" of protecting North American airspace and Western values.At the same time, Cold Comfort follows McElroy's experience of growing up as an itinerant military brat, who moved from one posting to another, and the military family's attempts to hold together in the face of the father's absence. Cold Comfort also explores the utter enigma that was the author's father. Examining the contents of the box of photographs, image by image, McElroy attempts to come to terms with the mysterious photographer, a man better understood by his military compatriots than by his own family.Further, Cold Comfort provides the backstory to McElroy's most recent collection of poems, Ordinary Time, which offers an unsettling history of the utter failures of these remote surveillance technologies to make "our" world either better known or reliably predictable.
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray
by Roman Gr. Maev Volf LeshchynskyYour Guide to Advanced Cold Spray TechnologyCold Gas Dynamic Spray centers on cold gas dynamic spray (or cold spray-CS) technology, one of the most versatile thermal spray coating methods in materials engineering, and effectively describes and analyzes the main trends and developments behind the spray (coating) techniques. The book combines theory
The Cold, Hard Facts About Science And Medicine In Colonial America
by Elizabeth RaumTravel back to a time when: No one knew what germs were or that they made you sick. People believed the moon had magical powers. Step into the lives of the colonists, and learn the cold, hard facts about science and medicine in colonial America.
Cold Inflow-Free Solar Chimney: Design and Applications
by Md. Mizanur Rahman Chi-Ming ChuThis book highlights the design of a new type of solar chimney that has lower height and bigger diameter, and discusses its applications. The bigger diameter chimneys are introduced showing cold inflow phenomena that significantly reduced the performance of solar chimney. The cold inflow-free operation of solar chimneys restores the draft losses and enhances the performance of the solar chimneys. Numerical and experimental investigation results will be presented to highlight the performance of cold inflow-free solar chimney performance. In addition, this book covers the important basic design parameters that affect the design of solar chimney for different applications, mainly, solar chimney-assisted ventilation for passive cooling and power generation system.
Cold Light: Creatures, Discoveries, and Inventions That Glow
by Anita SitarskiLuminescence sheds light on the adventure of science. Scientists and many others have explored the science and wonder of cold light--the chemistry of animals and things that make light but not heat. A seventeenth-century alchemist tried to turn a stone into gold. He failed, but the stone glowed in the dark instead. The alchemist began to mold the first luminescent objects. A light also came on one night for the famous chemist Robert Boyle. After he saw a raw chicken glowing in his kitchen, he began his own research into luminescence. With light humor, Anita Sitarski brings the thrill of discovery to life as she recounts the stories of the alchemist, chemist Robert Boyle, the adventurers who first saw bizarre creatures glowing in the depths of the sea, and others. Awe-inspiring, full-color photographs accompany the compelling, fact-filled text in these scientific explorations.
The Cold Light of Dawn: A History of Canadian Astronomy
by Richard JarrellThe discovery in 1987 of a supernova brought to world attention the excellence of Canadian astronomers. As Richard Jarrell explains in this book, the path to excellence has been a long one. Although astronomy has been practised in this country from the earliest days of exploration, its professional status has slowly evolved in much the same way as has the nation itself. In the period of exploration and early settlement, the practical needs of navigators and surveyors were foremost. Astronomical practitioners – for many used astronomy but few were professional or even amateur astronomers – came from elsewhere. Only when Canada was a settled colony, halfway through the nineteenth century, did its own scientific needs emerge. By the century's end Canadian astronomy, socially and institutionally unique and independent, had been established: astronomers born and trained in Canada worked in their own organized and funded institutions. In the twentieth century the story is dominated by the Dominion Observatory, and, in higher education, the University of Toronto. The federal government remained the biggest actor, in employment and funding, first through the observatories, then the National Research Council. The expansion of universities greatly broadened the scope of Canadian astronomy, while the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, local clubs, literature, planetariums, and museums kept the public informed. By the 1960s Canadian astronomy, though small in size, was as sophisticated as any in the world.
Cold Plasma in Nano-Matter Synthesis: Basic Principles and Practices
by A. SubrahmanyamThis book describes the basic principles and techniques of cold plasma to synthesize nanomaterials, emphasizing the fundamentals. Nanotechnology has matured enough to make inroads into the industry. “Quantum size effects” is the basis of the exotic properties of nanomaterials. The shapes and the size distribution dictate the properties of the nano-matter. The demands of the synthesis technique are to produce nano-matter with uniform size, repeatable shapes, uniform size distribution, stability of the nanostructures (reaching thermodynamic equilibrium), reproducibility of the particle sizes, and reliability of the process. These demands can be met when the synthesis technique has precise control over the process parameters. Cold plasma techniques possess all the requirements of the needs of nanomaterial synthesis. The cold plasma, an evolving field, has been established to be the most powerful tool not only for micro-electronics (both in the deposition and etching) but in many areas like health care, medicine, agriculture, food processing, etc. The book’s primary emphasis is to explain the basic principles and concepts of cold plasma in nanomaterial synthesis. The target audience is undergraduate and graduate students learning nanomaterial synthesis and plasma technology. It is hoped that this book also is a good source of reference for practicing scientists and engineers involved in synthesizing nanomaterials and nanostructures in the industry.
Cold-Spray Coatings: Recent Trends and Future perspectives
by Pasquale CavaliereThis book combines the contributions of experts in the field to describe the behavior of various materials, micromechanisms involved during processing, and the optimization of cold-spray technology. It spans production, characterization, and applications including wear resistance, fatigue, life improvement, thermal barriers, crack repair, and biological applications. Cold spray is an innovative coating technology based on the kinetic energy gained by particles sprayed at very high pressures. While the technique was developed in the 1990s, industrial and scientific interest in this technology has grown vastly in the last ten years. Recently, many interesting applications have been associated with cold-sprayed coatings, including wear resistance, fatigue life improvement, thermal barriers, biological applications, and crack repair. However, many fundamental aspects require clarification and description.
Cold Tolerance in Plants: Physiological, Molecular and Genetic Perspectives
by Shabir Hussain Wani Venura HerathCold stress is one of the prevalent environmental stresses affecting crop productivity, particularly in temperate regions. Numerous plant types of tropical or subtropical origin are injured or killed by non-freezing low temperature, and display a range of symptoms of chilling injury such as chlorosis, necrosis, or growth retardation. In contrast, chilling tolerant species thrive well at such temperatures. To thrive under cold stress conditions, plants have evolved complex mechanisms to identify peripheral signals that allow them to counter varying environmental conditions. These mechanisms include stress perception, signal transduction, transcriptional activation of stress-responsive target genes, and synthesis of stress-related proteins and other molecules, which help plants to strive through adverse environmental conditions. Conventional breeding methods have met with limited success in improving the cold tolerance of important crop plants through inter-specific or inter-generic hybridization. A better understanding of physiological, biochemical and molecular responses and tolerance mechanisms, and discovery of novel stress-responsive pathways and genes may contribute to efficient engineering strategies that enhance cold stress tolerance. It is therefore imperative to accelerate the efforts to unravel the biochemical, physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying cold stress tolerance in plants.Through this new book, we intend to integrate the contributions from plant scientists targeting cold stress tolerance mechanisms using physiological, biochemical, molecular, structural and systems biology approaches. It is hoped that this collection will serve as a reference source for those who are interested in or are actively engaged in cold stress research.
The Cold War Politics of Genetic Research
by William Dejong-LambertThis book uses the reaction of a number of biologists in the United States and Great Britain to provide an overview of one of the most important controversies in Twentieth Century biology, the "Lysenko Affair." The book is written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of history/history of science. It covers a number of topics which are relevant to understanding the sources and dimensions of the Lysenko controversy, including the interwar eugenics movement, the Scopes Trial, the popularity of Lamarckism as a theory of heredity prior to the synthesis of genetics and Natural Selection, and the Cold War. The book focuses particularly on portrayals--both positive and negative--of Lysenko in the popular press in the U.S. and Europe, and thus by extension the relationship between scientists and society. Because the Lysenko controversy attracted a high level of interest among the lay community, it constitutes a useful historical example to consider in context with current topics that have received a similar level of attention, such as Intelligent Design or Climate Change.
Cold War Social Science: Transnational Entanglements
by Mark Solovey Christian DayéThis book explores how the social sciences became entangled with the global Cold War. While duly recognizing the realities of nation states, national power, and national aspirations, the studies gathered here open up new lines of transnational investigation. Considering developments in a wide array of fields – anthropology, development studies, economics, education, political science, psychology, science studies, and sociology – that involved the movement of people, projects, funding, and ideas across diverse national contexts, this volume pushes scholars to rethink certain fundamental points about how we should understand – and thus how we should study – Cold War social science itself.