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Conductive Polymers: Electrical Interactions in Cell Biology and Medicine (Series in Materials Science and Engineering)
by Ze Zhang Mahmoud Rouabhia Simon E. MoultonThis book is dedicated to the field of conductive polymers, focusing on electrical interactions with biological systems. It addresses the use of conductive polymers as the conducting interface for electrical communications with the biological system, both in vitro and in vivo. It provides an overview on the chemistry and physics of conductive polymers, their useful characteristics as well as limitations, and technologies that apply conductive polymers for medical purposes. This groundbreaking resource addresses cytotoxicity and tissue compatibility of conductive polymers, the basics on electromagnetic fields, and commonly used experimental methods. Readers will also learn how cells are cultured in vitro with conductive polymers, and how conductive polymers and living tissues interact electrically. Throughout the contents, chapter authors emphasize the importance of conductive polymers in biomedical engineering and their potential applications in medicine.
Conductors And Insulators
by Chris OxladeThis book looks at electrical conductors and insulators, examining what they are and how we use them. The book considers a range of examples that will be familiar to young readers, and explains the scientific concepts behind electricity in clear, simple language.
Conductors, Semiconductors, Superconductors: An Introduction to Solid State Physics (Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics)
by Rudolf P. HuebenerIn the second half of the last century solid state physics and materials science experienced a great advance and established itself as an important and independent new field. This book provides an introduction to the fundamentals of solid state physics, including a description of the key people in the field and the historic context. The book concentrates on the electric and magnetic properties of materials. It is written for students up to the bachelor in the fields of physics, materials science and electric engineering. Because of its vivid explanations and its didactic approach, it can also serve as a motivating pre-stage and supporting companion in the study of the established and more detailed textbooks of solid state physics. The book is suitable for a quick repetition prior to examinations. For his scientific accomplishments, in 1992 the author received the Max-Planck Research Price and in 2001 the Cryogenics Price. He studied physics and mathematics at the University of Marburg, as well at the Technical Universities of Munich and Darmstadt. In 1958 he obtained his PhD in experimental physics at the University of Marburg. After working at the Research Center Karlsruhe and at a research institute near Albany, New York, he worked for 12 years at the Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago, Illinois. In 1974 he accepted an appointment at a chair of Experimental Physics at the University of Tübingen. There he taught and performed research until his retirement in 1999.
Conductors, Semiconductors, Superconductors: An Introduction to Solid-State Physics (Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics)
by Rudolf P. HuebenerThis compact undergraduate textbook provides a concise yet thorough introduction to the fundamentals of solid-state physics, while also briefly discussing the historical context surrounding key scholars in the field. The vivid explanations and unique didactic approach adopted in the book aim to generate interest in these subjects while also serving as a motivating primer and supporting companion for studying more detailed and advanced textbooks in solid-state physics. The book is also suitable as a quick refresher for students preparing for examinations. The third edition features many extensions, including an up-to-date discussion of topological materials, a rapidly developing area at the forefront of solid-state physics. Primarily concentrating on the electric and magnetic properties of materials, the book will benefit undergraduate students in the fields of physics, materials science, and electrical engineering.
Cone Beam CT in Dentistry: An Atlas for Dentists and Medical Radiologists (BDJ Clinician’s Guides)
by Suk Y. NgThis superbly illustrated book gives a comprehensive introduction to CBCT and its use for diagnosis of dental conditions and treatment planning in the dental practice. After an introductory chapter on the basics of CBCT scans, detailed description is provided on dental anatomic structures and their appearance on CBCT. Various common dental diseases are shown and discussed, as well as signs of malignancy. The book will arm the reader with fundamental knowledge of the radiological appearance of dento-alveolar anatomy and provide guidance on the interpretation of artefacts, disease and some well-known anatomical variations. While it is intended primarily for dentists, this book will be of high value for multiple other health care professionals including medical radiologists.Videos via app: download the SN More Media app for free, scan a link with play button and access videos directly on your smartphone or tablet.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (Imaging in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy)
by Chris C. ShawConventional computed tomography (CT) techniques employ a narrow array of x-ray detectors and a fan-shaped x-ray beam to rotate around the patient to produce images of thin sections of the patient. Large sections of the body are covered by moving the patient into the rotating x-ray detector and x-ray source gantry. Cone beam CT is an alternative te
Conference Matrices for Optimizing and Applications: High-Precision Estimation Method with Small Number of Experiments
by Teruo MoriThis book describes many types of Conference matrices and shows the case studies of application. Also, this book deals with putting the operation procedure and data analysis for optimizing. After reading this book, many researchers in universities or industries directly can apply various methods in this book to researching subjects. And it saves the trial numbers, cost and time around 1/3–1/2 in total research activities. Especially, this book contributes SDGs and saving GLOBAL warming which need to countermeasures as well.
Conference Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Recent Advances in Bioenergy Research: ICRABR 2016 (Springer Proceedings in Energy)
by Sachin Kumar Y. K. Yadav Rajesh K. SaniThis book discusses latest advances in the area of bioenergy, including algal biomass, biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethanation, pyrolysis, biomass gasification, biomass cook stoves and integrated processes. The volume comprises select proceedings of ICRABR-2016. The contents include cutting-edge research vital to R&D organizations, academics and the industry to promote and document the recent developments in the area of bioenergy for all types of stakeholders. The book highlights the need for biofuels and their market, the barriers and challenges faced by biofuels and bioenergy, and future strategies required to foster new ideas for research, collaboration, and commercialization of bioenergy. It addresses various topics, such as biomass and energy management; thermochemical conversion processes; biochemical conversion processes; catalytic conversion processes; electrochemical processes; waste treatment to harvest energy; and integrated processes. It will prove a valuable resource for students, researchers, professionals and policymakers in the field of biofuels and bioenergy.
Confessions of a Rogue Nuclear Regulator
by Gregory B. JaczkoA shocking exposé from the most powerful insider in nuclear regulation about how the nuclear energy industry endangers our lives—and why Congress does nothing to stop it.Greg Jaczko never planned things to turn out this way. A Birkenstocks-wearing physics PhD, he had never heard of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) when he came to Washington and—thanks to the determination of a powerful senator—found himself at the agency’s head. He felt like Dorothy invited behind the curtain at Oz. The problem was that Jaczko wasn’t the kind of leader the NRC had seen before: he had no ties to the nuclear industry, few connections in Washington, and no agenda other than to ensure that nuclear technology was deployed safely. And so he witnessed what outsiders like him were never meant to see, including an agency overpowered by the industry it was meant to regulate and a political system determined to keep it that way. After the shocking nuclear disaster at Fukushima in Japan, and the American nuclear industry’s refusal to make the changes necessary to prevent a catastrophe like that from happening here, Jaczko started saying something aloud that no one else had dared: nuclear power has fatal flaws. Written in a tone that’s equal parts self-deprecating, puzzled, and passionate, Confessions of a Rogue Nuclear Regulator tells the story of a man who got pushed from his high perch for fighting to keep Americans safe. Never before has the chairman of the world’s foremost nuclear regulatory agency challenged the nuclear industry to expose how these companies put us at risk. Because if we (and they) don’t act now, there will be another Fukushima. Only this time, it could happen here.
Confessions of an Alien Hunter
by Seth ShostakAliens are big in America. Whether they've arrived via rocket, flying saucer, or plain old teleportation, they've been invading, infiltrating, or inspiring us for decades, and they've fascinated moviegoers and television watchers for more than fifty years. About half of us believe that aliens really exist, and millions are convinced they've visited Earth.For twenty-five years, SETI has been looking for the proof, and as the program's senior astronomer, Seth Shostak explains in this engrossing book, it's entirely possible that before long conclusive evidence will be found.His informative, entertaining report offers an insider's view of what we might realistically expect to discover light-years away among the stars. Neither humanoids nor monsters, says Shostak; in fact, biological intelligence is probably just a precursor to machine beings, enormously advanced artificial sentients whose capabilities and accomplishments may have developed over billions of years and far exceed our own.As he explores what, if anything, they would tell us and what their existence would portend for humankind and the cosmos, he introduces a colorful cast of characters and provides a vivid, state-of-the-art account of the past, present, and future of our search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
Confessions of an Alien Hunter: A Scientist's Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
by Seth ShostakAliens are big in America. Whether they've arrived via rocket, flying saucer, or plain old teleportation, they've been invading, infiltrating, or inspiring us for decades, and they've fascinated moviegoers and television watchers for more than fifty years. About half of us believe that aliens really exist, and millions are convinced they've visited Earth. Seth Shostak's informative, entertaining report offers an insider's view of what we might realistically expect to discover light-years away among the stars. Neither humanoids nor monsters, says Shostak; in fact, biological intelligence is probably just a precursor to machine beings, enormously advanced artificial sentients whose capabilities and accomplishments may have developed over billions of years and far exceed our own. As he explores what, if anything, they would tell us and what their existence would portend for humankind and the cosmos, he introduces a colourful cast of characters and provides a vivid, state-of-the-art account of the past, present, and future of our search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
Confidential Computing: Hardware Based Memory Protection (Advanced Technologies and Societal Change)
by Vicente Garcia Diaz Gloria Jeanette Rincón AponteThis book highlights the three pillars of data security, viz protecting data at rest, in transit, and in use. Protecting data at rest means using methods such as encryption or tokenization so that even if data is copied from a server or database, a thief cannot access the information. Protecting data in transit means making sure unauthorized parties cannot see information as it moves between servers and applications. There are well-established ways to provide both kinds of protection. Protecting data while in use, though, is especially tough because applications need to have data in the clear—not encrypted or otherwise protected—in order to compute. But that means malware can dump the contents of memory to steal information. It does not really matter if the data was encrypted on a server’s hard drive if it is stolen while exposed in memory. As computing moves to span multiple environments—from on-premise to public cloud to edge—organizations need protection controls that help safeguard sensitive IP and workload data wherever the data resides. Many organizations have declined to migrate some of their most sensitive applications to the cloud because of concerns about potential data exposure. Confidential computing makes it possible for different organizations to combine data sets for analysis without accessing each other’s data.
Confidentiality and Its Discontents: Dilemmas of Privacy in Psychotherapy (Psychoanalytic Interventions)
by Paul W. Mosher Jeffrey BermanFreud promised his patients absolute confidentiality, regardless of what they revealed, but privacy in psychotherapy began to erode a half-century ago. Psychotherapists now seem to serve as “double agents” with a dual and often conflicting allegiance to patient and society. Some therapists even go so far as to issue Miranda-type warnings, advising patients that what they say in therapy may be used against them.Confidentiality and Its Discontents explores the human stories arising from this loss of confidentiality in psychotherapy. Addressing different types of psychotherapy breaches, Mosher and Berman begin with the the story of novelist Philip Roth, who was horrified when he learned that his psychoanalyst had written a thinly veiled case study about him. Other breaches of privacy occur when the so-called duty to protect compels a therapist to break confidentiality by contacting the police. Every psychotherapist has heard about “Tarasoff,” but few know the details of this story of fatal attraction. Nor are most readers familiar with the Jaffee case, which established psychotherapist-patient privilege in the federal courts. Similiarly, the story of Robert Bierenbaum, a New York surgeon who was brought to justice fifteen years after he brutally murdered his wife, reveals how privileged communication became established in a state court. Meanwhile, the story of New York Chief Judge Sol Wachtler, convicted of harassing a former lover and her daughter, shows how the fear of the loss of confidentiality may prevent a person from seeking treatment, with potentially disastrous results.While affirming the importance of the psychotherapist-patient privilege, Confidentiality and Its Discontents focuses on both the inner and outer stories of the characters involved in noteworthy psychotherapy breaches and the ways in which psychiatry and the law can complement but sometimes clash with each other.
Configurational Forces: Thermomechanics, Physics, Mathematics, and Numerics (Modern Mechanics and Mathematics)
by Gerard A. MauginExploring recent developments in continuum mechanics, Configurational Forces: Thermomechanics, Physics, Mathematics, and Numerics presents the general framework for configurational forces. It also covers a range of applications in engineering and condensed matter physics. The author presents the fundamentals of accepted standard continuum mechanics
Confinement and Stability of Fast Ions in Fusion Plasmas
by Boris Breizman Sergei SharapovThis book explores the physics of fast ions and fast ion- driven instabilities. It also describes modern theory of near- critical nonlinear wave– particle systems with the particle source and wave damping. Such a theory was developed by H.L. Berk and B.N. Breizman in the mid- 1990s, and it delivered outstanding results successfully explaining the experimentally observed collective phenomena driven by energetic ions.A systematic and step-by-step analysis of resonant interactions between the waves in plasmas and various types of energetic ion populations is presented and analyzed, taking the readers on an exciting journey into the world of nonlinear physics and cutting-edge experiments performed on the world’s major magnetic fusion machines.The phenomena described in this book will be of interest for researchers studying fusion, solar plasma, space plasma, and for a broader realm of scientists working in nonlinear phenomena.Key Features: Features experimental data and the Berk-Breizman theory on nonlinear evolution of energetic particle-driven waves Describes in simple terms, the recent advances in the diagnostics of energetic particles and Alfvén waves Presents a systematic overview of extrapolating results presented in other types of plasmas (e.g., solar and space) and nonlinear systems.
Conflict In The Cosmos: Fred Hoyle's Life In Science
by Simon MittonWhile other British astronomers were specializing in narrow areas, says Mitton (astronomy, Cambridge U. ), Hoyle claimed the entire celestial realm--the universe and all its contents--as his field, and proceeded to transform the discipline during the third quarter of the 20th century. Much of the insight in the biography is gleaned from Hoyle's asso
Conflicting Models for the Origin of Life
by Richard Gordon Joseph Seckbach Stoyan K. SmoukovConflicting Models for the Origin of Life Conflicting Models for the Origin of Life provides a forum to compare and contrast the many hypotheses that have been put forward to explain the origin of life. There is a revolution brewing in the field of Origin of Life: in the process of trying to figure out how Life started, many researchers believe there is an impending second creation of life, not necessarily biological. Up-to-date understanding is needed to prepare us for the technological, and societal changes it would bring. Schrodinger’s 1944 “What is life?” included the insight of an information carrier, which inspired the discovery of the structure of DNA. In “Conflicting Models of the Origin of Life” a selection of the world’s experts are brought together to cover different aspects of the research: from progress towards synthetic life – artificial cells and sub-cellular components, to new definitions of life and the unexpected places life could (have) emerge(d). Chapters also cover fundamental questions of how memory could emerge from memoryless processes, and how we can tell if a molecule may have emerged from life. Similarly, cutting-edge research discusses plausible reactions for the emergence of life both on Earth and on exoplanets. Additional perspectives from geologists, philosophers and even roboticists thinking about the origin of life round out this volume. The text is a state-of-the-art snapshot of the latest developments on the emergence of life, to be used both in graduate classes and by citizen scientists. Audience Researchers in any area of astrobiology, as well as others interested in the origins of life, will find a modern and current review of the field and the current debates and obstacles. This book will clearly illustrate the current state-of-the-art and engage the imagination and creativity of experts across many disciplines.
Conflicts Between Biodiversity Conservation and Humans: The Case of the Chihuahua Desert and Cuatro Ciénegas (Cuatro Ciénegas Basin: An Endangered Hyperdiverse Oasis)
by Valeria Souza Luis E. Eguiarte Irene Pisanty María C. MandujanoThis book takes readers on a journey through the history of water in the Coahuila desert. It starts by describing the beauty and mysteries of the landscape, and then explores the rock art of the original desert cultures in Coahuila, offering readers a glimpse of the sacred nature of water in the desert, as well as the rituals surrounding it. Moving on to the colonial times and the post- independence development of the region, it discusses early water management, and explores how water is managed in modern times, as well as the legal complications of the law, and how these faulty laws, designed for less arid regions, have affected a highly diverse wetland, the Cuatro Ciénegas oasis. The book then examines the biological consequences of the water loss for the aquatic plants and animals in Churince – a now extinct system within Cuatro Ciénegas. Further, it addresses how even bacteria can become extinct in this hyper-diverse microbial oasis. Lastly, after this despair and sense of loss, the book provides hope, offering suggestions for how we can transform the future, from a social and educational point of view as well as through good science and changes in policy.
Conflicts of Interest In Science: How Corporate-Funded Academic Research Can Threaten Public Health
by Sheldon Krimsky30+ Years of Peer-Reviewed Studies on the Corporate Ties and Vested Interests that Influence Scientific ResearchFor over 500 years, groups and organizations with political, economic, and personal interests have successfully exercised influence on the pursuit of scientific inquiry and knowledge. History is replete with examples like the Papal authority muddying research into studies of the cosmos, but far less attention is paid today to the various corporate and special interest groups who, through funding and lobbying efforts, have been able to shape the modern academic and scientific landscape to fit their agenda.In Conflicts of Interest Within Science, author Sheldon Krimsky compiles 21 peer-reviewed, academic articles that examine the complex relationship between the individual scientists conducting research and the groups who fund them. Ultimately, Krimsky’s call to action concerns a collective movement among authors, peer reviewers, corporations and journal editors to disclose the sources of their funding. By holding scientists and the groups that fund them more accountable through increased transparency, we as a society can begin to rebuild trust in the integrity of knowledge.
Confluence of Multidisciplinary Sciences for Polymer Joining
by S. Arungalai Vendan Liang Gao Akhil Garg M. NateshThis book offers a systematic overview of polymer joining and highlights the experimental and numerical work currently being pursued to devise possible strategies to overcome the technical issues. It also covers the fundamentals of polymers, the corresponding joining processes and related technologies. A chapter on the extrapolation of finite element analysis (FEA) for forecasting the deformation and temperature distribution during polymer joining is also included. Given its breadth of coverage, the book will be of great interest to researchers, engineers and practitioners whose work involves polymers.
Confocal Microscopy: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1075)
by Stephen W. PaddockStephen Paddock and a highly skilled panel of experts lead the researcher using confocal techniques from the bench top, through the imaging process, to the journal page. They concisely describe all the key stages of confocal imaging-from tissue sampling methods, through the staining process, to the manipulation, presentation, and publication of the realized image. Written in a user-friendly, nontechnical style, the methods specifically cover most of the commonly used model organisms: worms, sea urchins, flies, plants, yeast, frogs, and zebrafish. The powerful hands-on methods collected here will help even the novice to produce first-class cover-quality confocal images.
Confocal Microscopy: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2304)
by Joseph Brzostowski Haewon SohnThis volume provides a wide range of imaging protocols that can be tailored to specific organisms or cell-types. Chapters guide readers through fixed-cell, live-cell, phenotype screening, super-resolution, intravital imaging techniques, and fluorescence life-time imaging microscopy (FLIM). Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Confocal Microscopy: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Confocal Raman Microscopy (Springer Series In Optical Sciences #158)
by Jan Toporski Thomas Dieing Olaf HollricherThis second edition provides a cutting-edge overview of physical, technical and scientific aspects related to the widely used analytical method of confocal Raman microscopy. The book includes expanded background information and adds insights into how confocal Raman microscopy, especially 3D Raman imaging, can be integrated with other methods to produce a variety of correlative microscopy combinations. The benefits are then demonstrated and supported by numerous examples from the fields of materials science, 2D materials, the life sciences, pharmaceutical research and development, as well as the geosciences.
Conformal Field Theory for Particle Physicists: From QFT Axioms to the Modern Conformal Bootstrap (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Marc GilliozThis book is a set of introductory lecture notes on Conformal Field Theory (CFT). Unlike most existing reviews on the subject, CFT is presented here from the perspective of a unitary quantum field theory in Minkowski space-time. The book starts with a non-perturbative formulation of quantum field theory (Wightman axioms) and then, gradually, focuses on the implications of scale and special conformal symmetry, all the way to the modern conformal bootstrap. This approach includes topics such as subtleties of conformal transformations in Minkowski space-time, the construction of Wightman functions and time-ordered correlators both in position- and momentum-space, unitarity bounds derived from the spectral representation, and the appearance of UV and IR divergences. In each chapter, the reader finds useful exercises to master the subject. This book is meant for graduate students in theoretical physics and for more advanced researchers working in high-energy physics who are not necessarily familiar with the concepts of conformal field theory. Prior knowledge of quantum field theory is needed to master the arguments.
Conformal Field Theory: New Non-perturbative Methods In String And Field Theory
by Yavuz NutkuQuantum field theory has been with us for over 75 years, but it is only in the last 25 that physicists and mathematicians have jointly ventured out to explore its realms beyond the reach of perturbation theory, to the great benefit of both disciplines. Conformal Field Theory consists of pedagogical lectures delivered at the Feza Gursey Institute, Istanbul, in the summer of 1998 on some of these non-perturbative approaches. The topics of these lectures are central to our emerging understanding of conformal field theory and its importance to both statistical mechanics and string theory. Lectures include Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten models, the WZNW model as a prototype of general CFT models, meromorphic CFT, Monstrous Moonshine and the classification of CFT, the non-perturbative dynamics of four-dimensional models, and a derivation of the hadronic structure functions from quantum chromodynamics. The book is suitable for advanced graduate students and researchers in theoretical particle or statistical physics as well as pure mathematicians.