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Conformal Invariance: An Introduction To Loops, Interfaces And Stochastic Loewner Evolution (Lecture Notes in Physics #853)
by Dragi Karevski Malte HenkelConformal invariance has been a spectacularly successful tool in advancing our understanding of the two-dimensional phase transitions found in classical systems at equilibrium. This volume sharpens our picture of the applications of conformal invariance, introducing non-local observables such as loops and interfaces before explaining how they arise in specific physical contexts. It then shows how to use conformal invariance to determine their properties. Moving on to cover key conceptual developments in conformal invariance, the book devotes much of its space to stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE), detailing SLE's conceptual foundations as well as extensive numerical tests. The chapters then elucidate SLE's use in geometric phase transitions such as percolation or polymer systems, paying particular attention to surface effects. As clear and accessible as it is authoritative, this publication is as suitable for non-specialist readers and graduate students alike.
Conformal Vector Fields, Ricci Solitons and Related Topics (Infosys Science Foundation Series)
by Ramesh Sharma Sharief DeshmukhThis book provides an up-to-date introduction to the theory of manifolds, submanifolds, semi-Riemannian geometry and warped product geometry, and their applications in geometry and physics. It then explores the properties of conformal vector fields and conformal transformations, including their fixed points, essentiality and the Lichnerowicz conjecture. Later chapters focus on the study of conformal vector fields on special Riemannian and Lorentzian manifolds, with a special emphasis on general relativistic spacetimes and the evolution of conformal vector fields in terms of initial data.The book also delves into the realm of Ricci flow and Ricci solitons, starting with motivations and basic results and moving on to more advanced topics within the framework of Riemannian geometry. The main emphasis of the book is on the interplay between conformal vector fields and Ricci solitons, and their applications in contact geometry. The book highlights the fact that Nil-solitons and Sol-solitons naturally arise in the study of Ricci solitons in contact geometry. Finally, the book gives a comprehensive overview of generalized quasi-Einstein structures and Yamabe solitons and their roles in contact geometry. It would serve as a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in mathematics and physics as well as those interested in the intersection of geometry and physics.
Conformation of Carbohydrates
by V. S. RaoThis text will give the reader a firm understanding of all aspects of carbohydrate conformation by describing and explaining the importance of interactions between carbohydrates and interactions of carbohydrates with proteins, nucleic acids or any other macromolecule., The authors have gathered a wealth of information on carbohydrate structures, different methods of conformational analysis, the role of carbohydrates as recognition molecules in biological systems and their industrial applications., Whether you are a student, teacher or a basic researcher, this text book is a ‘one-stop’ source of current information on carbohydrate conformation and the potential use of conformational properties in industry and also of their crucial role in important biological events such as cell-cell interaction, cell adhesion, cellular signaling mechanism.
Conformational Analysis of Polymers: Methods and Techniques for Structure-Property Relationships and Molecular Design
by Yuji SasanumaConformational Analysis of Polymers Comprehensive resource focusing on theoretical methods and experimental techniques to analyze physical polymer chemistry Connecting varied issues to demonstrate the impact on areas like biodegradability, environmental friendliness, structure-property relationship, and molecular design, Conformational Analysis of Polymers introduces theoretical methods and experimental techniques to analyze physical polymer chemistry. Opening with a description of fundamental concepts and then describing the conformational characteristics of various polymers, including different heteroatoms and chemical species, the text continues onto the applications of density functional theory (DFT) to polymer crystals and structure-property relationships. The book concludes by bringing these issues together to demonstrate their practical impact on different areas of the field. Various methods and techniques, including DFT, statistical mechanics, NMR, spectroscopy, and molecular orbital theory, are also covered. Written by a highly qualified author, Conformational Analysis of Polymers explores sample topics such as: Fundamentals of polymer physical chemistry: stereochemistry of polymers, models for polymeric chains, Flory-Huggins theory, and rubber elasticity Quantum chemistry for polymers: ab initio molecular orbital theory, DFT, NMR parameters, and periodic DFT of polymer crystals Statistical mechanics of polymeric chains: basic rotational isomeric state (RIS) scheme, refined RIS method, inversional-rotational isomeric state method, and probability theory for RIS scheme Experimental techniques: NMR and scattering methods Providing a timely update to the field of chain conformations of synthetic polymers and connecting fundamental theoretical approaches, experimental techniques, and case study applications; Conformational Analysis of Polymers is an essential resource for polymer chemists, physicists, and material scientists, industrial engineers who synthesize and process polymers, and academic researchers.
Conformations: Connecting the Chemical Structures and Material Behaviors of Polymers
by Alan E. Tonelli Jialong ShenAmong the materials found in Nature’s many diverse living organisms or produced by human industry, those made from polymers are dominant. In Nature, they are not only dominant, but they are, as well, uniquely necessary to life. Conformations: Connecting the Chemical Structures and Material Behaviors of Polymers explores how the detailed chemical structures of polymers can be characterized, how their microstructural-dependent conformational preferences can be evaluated, and how these conformational preferences can be connected to the behaviors and properties of their materials. The authors examine the connections between the microstructures of polymers and the rich variety of physical properties they evidence. Detailed polymer architectures, including the molecular bonding and geometries of backbone and side-chain groups, monomer stereo- and regiosequences, comonomer sequences, and branching, are explicitly considered in the analysis of the conformational characteristics of polymers. This valuable reference provides practicing materials engineers as well as polymer and materials science students a means of understanding the differences in behaviors and properties of materials made from chemically distinct polymers. This knowledge can assist the reader design polymers with chemical structures that lead to their desired material behaviors and properties.
Confound the Critics: Answers for Attacks on Biblical Truths
by Bodie HodgeCan be enjoyed by anyone from skeptics to Christians to scholars Replies to actual attacks from newspaper articles, blogs, debate boards, DVDs, and other sources Short, powerful responses to strengthen faith and develop a greater respect for God's Word! Ever been asked "Can God create a rock so heavy that He cannot lift it?" Your reply is a great opportunity to help someone receive clearer understanding of who God is and perhaps even help lead him or her to Christ. Insights like this are what make this book so unique compared to other resources. Whether you want to witness more effectively or give someone seeking truth a resource that will help, Confound the Critics is the perfect choice! And the big rock question? Make sure they are asking about the God of the Bible and remind them God isn't bound to the laws -- like gravity -- of the universe He created!
Confrontation, Strategy and War Termination: Britain's Conflict with Indonesia (Military Strategy and Operational Art)
by Christopher TuckAt the heart of this book is the problem of war termination. Britain won an almost unbroken string of tactical military victories during an undeclared war against the Republic of Indonesia in the 1960s, yet it proved difficult to translate this into strategic success. Using conflict termination theories, this book argues that British strategy during Confrontation was both exemplary and flawed, both of which need not be mutually exclusive. The British experience in Indonesia represents an illuminating case study of the difficulties associated with strategy and the successful termination of conflicts. The value of this book lies in two areas: as a contribution to the literature on British counter-insurgency operations and as a contribution to the debates on the problems of war termination in the context of strategic thought.
Confronting Biopiracy: Challenges, Cases and International Debates
by Daniel Robinson'Biopiracy' refers either to the unauthorised extraction of biological resources, such as plants with medicinal properties, and associated traditional knowledge from indigenous peoples and local communities, or to the patenting of spurious 'inventions' based on such knowledge or resources without compensation. Biopiracy cases continue to emerge in the media and public eye, yet they remain the source of considerable disagreement, confusion, controversy and grief. The aim of this book is to provide the most detailed, coherent analysis of the issue of biopiracy to date. The book synthesises the rise of the issue and increasing use of the term by activists and negotiators in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), to form a critical understanding of the themes, implications and politics of biopiracy. Taking a case-study based approach, derived from interviews and fieldwork with researchers, government, industry, local farmers, healers and indigenous people, the author sequentially documents events that have occurred in biopiracy and bioprospecting controversies. Implications and ethical dilemmas are explored, particularly relating to work with local communities, and the power relations entailed. Detailing international debates from the WTO, CBD and other fora in an accessible manner, the book provides a unique overview of current institutional limitations and suggests ways forward. Options and solutions are suggested which are relevant for local communities, national governments, international negotiators, NGO and interest groups, researchers and industry.
Confronting Consumption (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Ken Conca Michael Maniates edited by Thomas PrincenComforting terms such as "sustainable development" and "green production" frame environmental debate by stressing technology (not green enough), economic growth (not enough in the right places), and population (too large). Concern about consumption emerges, if at all, in benign ways; as calls for green purchasing or more recycling, or for small changes in production processes. Many academics, policymakers, and journalists, in fact, accept the economists' view of consumption as nothing less than the purpose of the economy. Yet many people have a troubled, intuitive understanding that tinkering at the margins of production and purchasing will not put society on an ecologically and socially sustainable path. Confronting Consumption places consumption at the center of debate by conceptualizing "the consumption problem" and documenting diverse efforts to confront it. In Part 1, the book frames consumption as a problem of political and ecological economy, emphasizing core concepts of individualization and commoditization. Part 2 develops the idea of distancing and examines transnational chains of consumption in the context of economic globalization. Part 3 describes citizen action through local currencies, home power, voluntary simplicity, "ad-busting," and product certification. Together, the chapters propose "cautious consuming" and "better producing" as an activist and policy response to environmental problems. The book concludes that confronting consumption must become a driving focus of contemporary environmental scholarship and activism.
Confronting Global Climate Change: Experiments & Applications in the Tropics
by Mark HarrisThis book offers a solutions-based approach to climate change problems which potentially impinge on human beings within the tropics. It largely comprises research articles with supplementary applications and illustrations. <P><P>The effects of atmospheric phenomena, energy acquisition, wind power, CO2 sequestration, are linked with soils, aquatic life, reducing deforestation, rainwater harvesting and clay pot farming, climate, plant disease and food security to show that no area of life is untouched by the phenomenon of climate change. It discusses specific problem areas and provides an overview of geotechnical and sustainable solutions to lessen the impact of climate.
Confronting Prior Conceptions in Paleontology Courses (Elements of Paleontology)
by Margaret M. YacobucciPeople hold a variety of prior conceptions that impact their learning. Prior conceptions that include erroneous or incomplete understandings represent a significant barrier to durable learning, as they are often difficult to change. While researchers have documented students' prior conceptions in many areas of geoscience, little is known about prior conceptions involving paleontology. In this book, data on student prior conceptions from two introductory undergraduate paleontology courses are presented. In addition to more general misunderstandings about the nature of science, many students hold incorrect ideas about methods of historical geology, Earth history, ancient life, and evolution. Of special note are student perceptions of the limits of paleontology as scientific inquiry. By intentionally eliciting students' prior conceptions and implementing the pedagogical strategies described in other Elements in this series, lecturers can shape instruction to challenge this negative view of paleontology and improve student learning.
Confronting Space Debris
by William Welser Iv Dave BaiocchiOrbital space debris represents a growing threat to the operation of man-made systems in space. With the goal of guiding future mitigation or remediation efforts, this monograph examines nine comparable problems that share similarities with orbital debris: acid rain, U.S. commercial airline security, asbestos, chlorofluorocarbons, hazardous waste, oil spills, radon, email spam, and U.S. border control.
Confronting the Nation's Water Problems: The Role of Research
by Committee on Assessment of Water Resources ResearchIn order to confront the increasingly severe water problems faced by all parts of the country, the United States needs to make a new commitment to research on water resources. A new mechanism is needed to coordinate water research currently fragmented among nearly 20 federal agencies. Given the competition for water among farmers, communities, aquatic ecosystems and other users-as well as emerging challenges such as climate change and the threat of waterborne diseases-Confronting the Nation's Water Problems concludes that an additional $70 million in federal funding should go annually to water research. Funding should go specifically to the areas of water demand and use, water supply augmentation, and other institutional research topics. The book notes that overall federal funding for water research has been stagnant in real terms for the past 30 years and that the portion dedicated to research on water use and social science topics has declined considerably.
Congenital Anomalies in Iran
by Saeed DastgiriThis book explores the magnitude of the congenital anomalies and developmental disabilities based on the data from an established surveillance and prevention program of congenital defects, and describing the successful strategies for the control of neural tube defects, Down syndrome, phenylketonuria, haemophilia, thalassemia and some other defects in the country.It provides essential data for research purposes, information for health service planners, clinicians, and for genetic counselling. This book will be a unique source of evidences from a developing country with notable similar applications in other areas and countries of developing world.
Congenital Anomalies of Coronary Arteries
by Gianfranco Butera Alessandro FrigiolaThe coronaries are the first branches of the ascending aorta. They arise from their respective sinuses of Valsalva, and gradually branch distally to the myocardium. Abnormalities of the coronary arteries, either congenital or acquired, can be characterized as a lack of origin, abnormal origin, anomalous course, lack of patency, abnormal connections, and/or abnormal drainage of the coronary vessels. Interruptions to or lack of flow can cause significant morbidity and mortality due to ischemia, infarction and fistulous connections, which can lead to cardiac failure, endocarditis and ischemia. Coronary artery anomalies are rare in general populations. Although they can be benign and asymptomatic, they can also be malignant due to their origin and course and can cause sudden cardiac death. As such, an understanding of how to analyze, diagnose and treat them is vital. This book presents the latest advances in congenital anomalies of coronary arteries. It offers a comprehensive overview of the field, including illustrative angiograms and diagrams that demonstrate all possible anomalies and clarify what is abnormal, and also provides practical insights to guide practitioners in their everyday practice.
Congenital Heart Disease in Pediatric and Adult Patients: Anesthetic and Perioperative Management
by Ali Dabbagh Antonio Hernandez Conte Lorraine N. LubinThe second edition of this critical text features heavily revised chapters detailing how to approach the anesthetic and perioperative management of adult and pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. Initially, a broad overview of relevant concepts in pediatric cardiovascular embryology, physiology, and pharmacology is provided. Subsequently, relevant diagnostic approaches including the use of three-dimensional modeling in surgical planning and preoperative considerations are described. The intraoperative management of a wide range of specific lesions is discussed, with full descriptions of anesthesia plans and the appropriate diagnostic methods and surgical interventions. New topics detailed include the use of hybrid techniques and applications of electrophysiology in patients with congenital heart disease. Postoperative care and potential future approaches are also addressed.Congenital Heart Disease in Pediatric and Adult Patients: Anesthetic and Perioperative Management provide a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the care of the pediatric patient undergoing cardiac surgery and anesthesia. It is therefore of interest to all practicing and trainee medical professionals who encounter these patients in their day-to-day practice.
Congress on Research, Development and Innovation in Renewable Energies: Selected Papers from CIDiER 2021 (Green Energy and Technology)
by Martin Andersson Mayken Espinoza-Andaluz Tingshuai Li Jordy Santana Villamar Ángel Encalada Dávila Ester Melo VargasThe 2021 Congress on Research, Development and Innovation in Renewable Energies (CIDiER 2021) aims to promote international collaboration that fosters ideas and dialogue on developing a solution to climate change through research and development that leads to clean energy innovation via renewable energies. These selected papers cover both theoretical and applied research that will strengthen the implementation of renewable energy projects between universities, research centers, and private companies.
Congress on Research, Development and Innovation in Renewable Energies: Selected Papers from CIDiER 2024 (Green Energy and Technology)
by Mayken Espinoza-Andaluz Jordy Santana-Villamar Brayan Ordóñez-Saca Carlos Vallejo-Cervantes Luis Rodríguez-ÁlavaRenewable Energy Research, Development, and Innovation: Selected Papers from CIDiER 2024 presents international collaborations that foster ideas and dialogue around solutions to climate change through research and development that leads to clean energy innovation via renewable energies. The book includes chapters based on selected papers from the 2024 Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies (CIDiER 2024) that cover theoretical and applied research that will strengthen the implementation of renewable energy projects between universities, research centers, and private companies in Latin America. Presents leading-edge research on advancing renewable energy; Promotes research and innovation with a focus on Latin America; Covers biomass, hydraulic, hydrogen, tidal, solar, and wind energy.
Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies: Selected Papers from CIDiER 2022 (Green Energy and Technology)
by Mayken Espinoza-Andaluz Jordy Santana Villamar Ester Melo Vargas Ángel Encalada-DávilaThe 2022 Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies (CIDiER 2022) promotes international collaboration on ideas and dialogue around climate change solutions through research and development that leads to clean energy innovation via renewable energies. The selected papers cover both theoretical and applied research that will strengthen the implementation of renewable energy projects between universities, research centers, and private companies in Latin America.
Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies: Selected Papers from CIDiER 2023 (Green Energy and Technology)
by Mayken Espinoza-Andaluz Ángel Encalada Dávila Ester Melo Vargas Jordy Santana-Villamar Brayan Ordóñez SacaThe 2023 Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies (CIDiER 2022) promotes international collaboration fostering ideas and dialogue around solutions to climate change through research and development that leads to clean energy innovation via renewable energies. These selected papers cover theoretical and applied research that will strengthen the implementation of renewable energy projects between universities, research centers, and private companies in Latin America.
Congress’s Own Think Tank: Learning from the Legacy of the Office of Technology Assessment (1973–1995)
by Peter D. BlairCongress' Own Think Tank recaps the OTA experience--it's creation, operation, and circumstances of its closure-- and that of organizations attempting to fill the gap since OTA's closure as well as a number of new forces shaping the current context for science and technology issues facing the Congress.
Conical Intersections in Physics: An Introduction to Synthetic Gauge Theories (Lecture Notes in Physics #965)
by Patrik Öhberg Jonas Larson Erik SjöqvistThis concise book introduces and discusses the basic theory of conical intersections with applications in atomic, molecular and condensed matter physics. Conical intersections are linked to the energy of quantum systems. They can occur in any physical system characterized by both slow and fast degrees of freedom - such as e.g. the fast electrons and slow nuclei of a vibrating and rotating molecule - and are important when studying the evolution of quantum systems controlled by classical parameters. Furthermore, they play a relevant role for understanding the topological properties of condensed matter systems. Conical intersections are associated with many interesting features, such as a breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and the appearance of nontrivial artificial gauge structures, similar to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Some applications presented in this book include - Molecular Systems: some molecules in nonlinear nuclear configurations undergo Jahn-Teller distortions under which the molecule lower their symmetry if the electronic states belong to a degenerate irreducible representation of the molecular point group. - Solid State Physics: different types of Berry phases associated with conical intersections can be used to detect topologically nontrivial states of matter, such as topological insulators, Weyl semi-metals, as well as Majorana fermions in superconductors. - Cold Atoms: the motion of cold atoms in slowly varying inhomogeneous laser fields is governed by artificial gauge fields that arise when averaging over the fast internal degrees of freedom of the atoms. These gauge fields can be Abelian or non-Abelian, which opens up the possibility to create analogs to various relativistic effects at low speed.
Coniferous Forests
by Donna LathamInvestigating a variety of biomes and today's natural and human threats to their preservation, this interactive series challenges young readers to look at how their own actions influence the planet's health. Four distinct environments are explored in detail, showcasing the assortment of plants and animals that inhabit these outdoor communities as well as how they have adapted to their surroundings. Offering fascinating facts on each ecosystem along with vocabulary-building sidebars, these guides show budding scientists how they can contribute towards ongoing conservation efforts. The diverse woodland of coniferous forests is revealed in this detailed resource, covering topics such as the dangers of deforestation, over hunting, and forest fires, illustrating the rapid decline of this ecosystem's biodiversity.
Conjugate Problems in Convective Heat Transfer (Heat Transfer)
by Abram S. DorfmanIllustrates Calculations Using Machine and Technological ProcessesThe conjugate heat transfer (CHT) problem addresses the thermal interaction between a body and fluid flowing over or through it. This is an essential consideration in nature and different areas of engineering, including mechanics, aerospace, nuclear engineering, biology, and meteorol
Conjugated Polymer And Molecular Interfaces: Science And Technology For Photonic And Optoelectronic Application
by William R. Salaneck Kazuhiko Seki Antoine Kahn Jean-Jacques PireauxDefines the state-of-the-art in interface science for electronic applications of organic materials. Updates understanding of the foundaiton of interfacial properties. Describes novel electronic devices created from conjugated polymers and organic molecular solids.