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Constitutive Models for Rubbers XIII
by Hüsnü DalConstitutive Models for Rubber XIII is a comprehensive compilation of the oral and poster contributions to the XIII European Conference on Constitutive Models for Rubbers (İstanbul, Türkiye, 26-28 June 2024). The XIII edition again brought together researchers from the industry and the academia working in the field of elastomer technology and science to discuss the most recent advancement in the following topics:• Constitutive models• Micro-structural investigations• Experimental methods and characterization• Numerical methods• Fatigue and fracture• Aging• Industrial applications• Smart elastomer materials: applications and modelling• Recyclable elastomer systems design and modellingIncluding 53 contributions from authors from around the world, this book aims at professionals and academics interested in recent advances in elastomer technology and science.
Constrained Deformation of Materials: Devices, Heterogeneous Structures and Thermo-Mechanical Modeling
by Y. L. Shen"Constrained Deformation of Materials: Devices, Heterogeneous Structures and Thermo-Mechanical Modeling" is an in-depth look at the mechanical analyses and modeling of advanced small-scale structures and heterogeneous material systems. Mechanical deformations in thin films and miniaturized materials, commonly found in microelectronic devices and packages, MEMS, nanostructures and composite and multi-phase materials, are heavily influenced by the external or internal physical confinement. A continuum mechanics-based approach is used, together with discussions on micro-mechanisms, to treat the subject in a systematic manner under the unified theme. Readers will find valuable information on the proper application of thermo-mechanics in numerical modeling as well as in the interpretation and prediction of physical material behavior, along with many case studies. Additionally, particular attention is paid to practical engineering relevance. Thus real-life reliability issues are discussed in detail to serve the needs of researchers and engineers alike.
Constrained Nonlinear Control: Performance and Robustness
by Shuzhi Sam Ge Dongyu Li Ruihang JiThis book is concerned with nonlinear control with performance-related and system-ability-related constraints. It presents novel work on several kinds of commonly encountered nonlinear systems, including those with stricter transient performance requirements, those with two types of constraints, those with no initial-condition limitation, and those with limited resources. It shows how nonlinear systems with severe constraints can be successfully controlled with our powerful control design. Typically, the book discusses a Tunnel Prescribed Control for achieving enhanced performance; provides a comprehensive solution, namely, Saturation-tolerant Prescribed Control, to handle the conflict between constraints; and then develops a Self-adjustable Prescribed Control to address the defined Entry Capture Problem that performance constraints are satisfied after (rather than from the beginning of) system operation. As such, the book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in the fields of nonlinear systems, constrained control, and control engineering who would like to find out about the performance, robustness, and applications of constrained nonlinear systems.
A Constrained Space Exploration Technology Program: A Review of NASA's Exploration Technology Development Program
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesIn January 2004, President George W. Bush announced the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE), which instructed NASA to "Extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations," among other objectives. As acknowledged in the VSE, significant technology development will be necessary to accomplish the goals it articulates. NASA's Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP) is designed to support, develop, and ultimately provide the necessary technologies to meet the goals of the VSE. This book, a review of the ETDP, is broadly supportive of the intent and goals of the VSE, and finds the ETDP is making progress towards the stated goals of technology development. However, the ETDP is operating within significant constraints which limit its ability to successfully accomplish those goals-the still dynamic nature of the Constellation Program requirements, the constraints imposed by a limited budget, the aggressive time scale of early technology deliverables, and the desire to fully employ the NASA workforce.
Constraining Supersymmetric Models: Using Higgs Physics, Precision Observables and Direct Searches (Springer Theses)
by Lisa ZeuneThis thesis analyses how supersymmetric (SUSY) extensions of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics can be constrained using information from Higgs physics, electroweak precision observables and direct searches for new particles. Direct searches for SUSY particles at the LHC have not resulted in any signal so far, and limits on the SUSY parameter space have been set. Measurements of the properties of the observed Higgs boson at 125 GeV as well as of the W boson mass can provide valuable indirect constraints, supplementing the ones from direct searches. Precise calculations are performed for Higgs decays and electroweak precision observables within the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model and the next to-minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model. Furthermore, a method is presented to reinterpret the LHC limits from direct SUSY searches in more realistic SUSY scenarios. The phenomenological consequences of those results are thoroughly analysed.
Constraints and Solutions for Energy and Electricity Development
by Zhixuan WangThis book primarily focuses on constraints and solutions for energy and electric power development. On the basis of analyses, proposes a planning index system including 26 binding indicators and the breaking constraints measures. Offering significant insights and proposals concerning the current status of energy development and the key limiting factors to sustainable energy development in China, it is a valuable resource for policy-makers, managers and researchers in the energy sector.
Constructal Law and the Unifying Principle of Design (Understanding Complex Systems)
by Adrian Bejan Sylvie Lorente Luiz A.O. RochaDesign happens everywhere, whether in animate objects (e.g., dendritic lung structures, bacterial colonies, and corals), inanimate patterns (river basins, beach slope, and dendritic crystals), social dynamics (pedestrian traffic flows), or engineered systems (heat dissipation in electronic circuitry). This "design in nature" often takes on remarkably similar patterns, which can be explained under one unifying Constructal Law. This book explores the unifying power of the Constructal Law and its applications in all domains of design generation and evolution, ranging from biology and geophysics to globalization, energy, sustainability, and security. The Constructal Law accounts for the universal tendency of flow systems to morph into evolving configurations that provide greater and easier access over time. The Constructal Law resolves the many and contradictory ad hoc statements of "optimality", end design, and destiny in nature, such as minimum and maximum entropy production and minimum and maximum flow resistance, and also explains the designs that are observed and copied in biomimetics. Constructal Law and the Unifying Principle of Design covers the fundamentals of Constructal Theory and Design, as well as presenting a variety of state-of-the-art applications. Experts from the biological, physical and social sciences demonstrate the unification of all design phenomena in nature, and apply this knowledge to novel designs in modern engineering, such as vascularization for self-healing and self-cooling materials for aircraft, and tree fins and cavities for heat transfer enhancement.
Constructed Wetlands: Hydraulic Design
by Saeid Eslamian Saeid Okhravi Faezeh EslamianConstructed Wetlands: Hydraulic Design provides fundamental information on internal wetland hydraulic and biochemical processes, as well as practical guidance on the effective design of wetlands for water treatment. It includes the latest innovations and technological advances of constructed wetlands based on the newest technologies in the field. <p><p>Features: <li>Explains how various pollutants are either retained or removed from treatment systems <li>Examines system geometry, flow rate, inlet-outlet configurations, and more <li>Offers useful guidance and tools to practitioners for designing wastewater treatment structures naturally and optimally <li>Introduces the various aspects of hydraulic engineering through porous media <p><p>This book will serve as a valuable resource for practicing professionals, researchers, policy makers, and students seeking to gain an in-depth understanding of the hydraulic processes involved in constructed wetlands water treatment systems.
Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Hot and Arid Climates (Wetlands: Ecology, Conservation and Management #7)
by Alexandros StefanakisThis edited book presents the first collection of case studies and research projects on the sustainable technology of constructed wetlands for wastewater management under hot and arid climates. It is the first such work that summarizes in a single reference the current international experiences and knowledge on the implementation of this nature-based solution under these diverse and often harsh climatic conditions. It covers the relevant gap in the fragmented and limited literature by providing integrated information and documentation on the feasibility of this green technology.The book presents the treatment efficiency of constructed wetland facilities and the research output from 29 different countries across South America, Africa, Asia and Oceania, while it covers various applications such as domestic and municipal wastewater, various industrial effluents and municipal sludge. Many examples and case studies further demonstrate the potential of this technology to contribute to better address the issues of water scarcity and limited fresh water resources through circular management of treated effluents e.g. reuse in irrigation. It also discusses the various challenges and technical aspects that should be considered in such climates, along with the environmental, financial and social benefits of this technology.This work is a useful handbook and guide for professional engineers, practitioners, academics, researchers, students, and water authorities who wish to get a better understanding and first-hand information on the potential of constructed wetlands for cost-effective and sustainable wastewater management in countries with hot and arid climates.
Constructing Canine Consent: Conceptualising and adopting a consent-focused relationship with dogs
by Erin JonesThe concept of canine consent is far more than simply a buzzword in modern dog training practices. In its current form, consent is a distinctly human concept, designed by humans and for humans. Looking beyond species boundaries can help us not only consider concepts of canine consent and autonomy, but it can also help us to apply these concepts in our everyday interactions with dogs, which is fundamental for any professional working with dogs as well as for everyday dog caregivers. This canine-indexed definition of consent includes a model of five major categories: Touch/interaction-based consent, cooperative care using learned consent behaviours, activity consent, consent-based learning, and substitutive consent. These categories involve a two-way communication system, integration of salient choices, teaching consent behaviours and incorporating existing training protocols that adhere to the Humane Hierarchy of best practices, and an evaluation of dependent decision-making in extenuating circumstances. This book aims to merge the existing literature and new understandings about canine consent to paint a complete picture. It will challenge the current expectations of dogs and dog behaviour in our society with an intention of considering their perspectives, experiences, and emotional needs. It will be important reading for veterinary professionals, dog trainers and behaviourists, those involved in work with therapy dogs, and anybody working with or caring for dogs.
Constructing East Asia: Technology, Ideology, and Empire in Japan's Wartime Era, 1931-1945
by Aaron Stephen MooreThe conventional understanding of Japanese wartime ideology has for years been summed up by just a few words: anti-modern, spiritualist, and irrational. Yet such a cut and dried picture is not at all reflective of the principles that guided national policy from 1931–1945. Challenging the status quo, Constructing East Asia examines how Japanese intellectuals, bureaucrats, and engineers used technology as a system of power and mobilization—what historian Aaron Moore terms a "technological imaginary"—to rally people in Japan and its expanding empire. By analyzing how these different actors defined technology in public discourse, national policies, and large-scale infrastructure projects, Moore reveals wartime elites as far more calculated in thought and action than previous scholarship allows. Moreover, Moore positions the wartime origins of technology deployment as an essential part of the country's national policy and identity, upending another predominant narrative—namely, that technology did not play a modernizing role in Japan until the "economic miracle" of the postwar years.
Constructing Local Environmental Agendas: People, Places and Participation
by Susan Buckingham-Hatfield Susan PercyConstructing Local Environmental Agendas draws on original contributions from specialists worldwide to argue that there is scope for local areas to improve their environments, provided local people are involved. International case studies, from UK, Europe, Australia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, demonstrate the importance of respect for indigenous knowledge and the need to remove layers of bureaucracy from policy making.
Constructing Metropolitan Space: Actors, Policies and Processes of Rescaling in World Metropolises
by Jill Simone Gross Enrico Gualini Lin YeThere is little question today that processes of globalization affect national and local economies, governance processes, and conditions for economic competitiveness in the major urban regions of the world. In most liberal-democratic countries, these processes are occurring according to a rationale which attempts to combine strategies of state-supported development with increasing local-regional governmental decentralization and autonomy. Against this background, the issue of metropolitan development is being redefined worldwide, along with its institutional frameworks, modes of governance, policy instruments, and spatial planning strategies. The overarching assumption of this volume is that ‘metropolitan space’, far from being consolidated as a policy object, is currently being redefined and in some instances ‘constructed’ and contested as a scale, through a variety of policy practices related to spatial-economic development objectives. Through case studies drawn from across four continents, the authors reveal a range of interesting cross-national commonalities concerning the power that state actors, situated at various spatial scales, exert as agents in these processes. This volume interrogates key research issues raised by these developments, and is intended as a contribution to the establishment of a globally comparative analysis of the construction of metropolitan spaces and scales under conditions of globalization and neoliberalization.
Constructing Power: A Critical and Constructivist Theory Using the American Case (Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications)
by Kirby L. WedekindThis book asserts that there exists a causal relationship between identity, interest, and the exercise of power. The work defines power as the ability to satisfy oneself, which makes power contingent upon belief. It also dissects the concepts of identity, interest, and power to reveal how each works and relate to the others. This analysis creates a new theory of power using constructivism informed by critical theory, departing from neorealist and neoliberal perspectives. The work uses the United States to test the theory by examining US national identity, interest, and exercises of power. A deconstruction of American Exceptionalism proceeds three case studies and runs as a theme to connect each, unifying the work. A military operation in 2016 against the Islamic State in Libya, the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea, and the whiplash caused by US participation in the 2015 Paris Agreement serve as the three case studies for analyzing US identity, interest, and power through the theory. This work proposes a new way of understanding power based on constructivism and informed by critical theory that applies to interpersonal and international relationships. Every relation is a power relation and power is the ability to satisfy oneself. This book provides insight into the underlying causes and machinations that transpire within every kind of social relation. This is a significant shift in how power is understood and applied in politics, the military, business, and interpersonal relationships. This book seeks to provide the reader with greater and clearer understanding of themselves, the world in which they live, and why it exists as such.
Constructing Reality: Quantum Theory and Particle Physics
by John Marburger IIIQuestions of the fundamental nature of matter continue to inspire and engage our imagination. However, the exciting new concepts of strings, supersymmetry and exotic matter build on ideas that are well known to physicists but mysterious and puzzling to people outside of these research fields. Covering key conceptual developments from the last century, this book provides a background to the bold ideas and challenges faced by physicists today. Quantum theory and the Standard Model of particles are explained with minimal mathematics, and advanced topics, such as gauge theory and quantum field theory, are put into context. With concise, lucid explanations, this book is an essential guide to the world of particle physics.
Constructing Reality
by John Marburger IIIQuestions of the fundamental nature of matter continue to inspire and engage our imagination. However, the exciting new concepts of strings, supersymmetry and exotic matter build on ideas that are well known to physicists but mysterious and puzzling to people outside of these research fields. Covering key conceptual developments from the last century, this book provides a background to the bold ideas and challenges faced by physicists today. Quantum theory and the Standard Model of particles are explained with minimal mathematics, and advanced topics, such as gauge theory and quantum field theory, are put into context. With concise, lucid explanations, this book is an essential guide to the world of particle physics.
Constructing the Edifice of Mechanics: From Newton to Modernity (Undergraduate Texts in Physics)
by M.A. Curt KoendersThis book deals with theoretical mechanics. Newton published the "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" in 1687. In it, he sets out the basic principles of physics that are required to understand the motion of the planets, their moons, and the comets in the solar system. It includes the gravitational (inverse square) law, the inertial principle, and the basic elements of mechanics. Since its publication, a large number of refinements and reformulations have been introduced, thereby adding enormous insight into the structure of mechanics, which is commonly known as “classical mechanics”. All these have in common that by taking a suitable limit, Newton's original principles re-appear. Thus, physicists and mathematicians who work on the subject always have a notion that if their theories do not return to Newton's foundations, then there is something wrong. Newton himself acknowledged that 'if I have seen further (than others), it is by standing on the shoulders of giants'. One of these giants was undoubtedly Galileo who died in the year Newton was born. So, Newton himself adhered to the 'classical limit'.
Constructing Worlds through Science Education: The Selected Works of John K. Gilbert
by John K. GilbertInternationally renowned and award-winning author John Gilbert has spent the last thirty years researching, thinking and writing about some of the central and enduring issues in science education. He has contributed over twenty books and 400 articles to the field and is Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Science Education. For the first time he brings together sixteen of his key writings in one volume. This unique book highlights important shifts in emphasis in science education research, the influence of important individuals and matters of national and international concern. All this is interwoven in the following four themes: explanation, models and modeling in science education relating science education and technology education informal education in science and technology alternative conceptions and science education.
Construction 3D Printing: Selected Papers from the 4-IC3DcP Conference (Springer Tracts in Additive Manufacturing)
by Ming Jen Tan Mingyang Li Yi Wei Daniel Tay Teck Neng Wong Paulo BartoloThis book presents the dynamic advancements achieved in Construction 3D Printing, showcasing a wealth of insights from the conference held from 19-21 July 2023 at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. Covering a broad spectrum of topics, this volume presents research on established technologies, modeling, simulation, diverse materials (including recycled and geopolymer materials), fiber reinforcement, and composite materials, as well as testing protocols and standards. It also delves into applications, Building Information Modeling (BIM), design methodologies, optimization strategies, structural considerations, intelligent monitoring, and the role of robotics and automation. Serving as a timely and invaluable resource, this book offers both scholars and professionals in the expansive field of Construction 3D Printing profound insights into its decade-long progress and its preparedness for wider adoption.
Construction and Demolition Debris (Waste Management Principles and Practice)
by Timothy G. Townsend Malak AnshassiThis book addresses one of the major solid waste streams resulting from modern society, construction and demolition debris (CDD). CDD in the past has not received the same attention as other waste streams (e.g., municipal solid waste), but with the growing recognition of the environmental and economic importance of proper CDD management, this material now is the focus of attention of many government agencies and private businesses. This book provides a comprehensive review of CDD, its characteristics, environmental risks, and regulatory requirements, along with an in-depth discussion of the issues pertaining to CDD recycling and disposal.
Construction and Functionalization of Heterocycles by Electrochemistry (Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry #61)
by Eric NacsaThis book highlights a selection of recent electrochemical approaches to synthesize heterocyclic compounds. Electrochemistry has recently re-emerged as a prevalent technique to promote synthetic organic reactions. This renewed interest arises from its sustainability as well as its ability to engage compounds in unique ways that complement conventional chemical reagents. In the context of heterocyclic synthesis, electrochemistry enables the annulation of simple precursors and the direct functionalization and elaboration of heterocycles, which are the focus of this volume. The primary target audience includes synthetic chemists at all levels of industry and academia.
Construction and Reactivity of Pt-Based Bi-component Catalytic Systems (Springer Theses)
by Rentao MuIn this thesis, the author outlines the construction of active structure and modulation of catalytic reactivity of Pt-based bi-component catalysts, from the model systems to real supported catalysts. The thesis investigates the promotion effect of the second components on catalytic performance of Pt catalysts, and presents the reversible generation of the "sandwich-like" structure of Pt-Ni catalysts, containing both surface NiO1-X and subsurface Ni by alternating redox treatments at medium temperature. With the aid of single layer graphene, the dynamic process of chemical reactions occurring on the Pt(111) surface can be visualized using in-situ LEEM and DUV-PEEM techniques, the results of which are included here. The author reveals that the graphene layer exhibits a strong confinement effect on the chemistry of molecules underneath and the intercalated CO can desorb from the Pt surface around room temperature and in UHV, which may promote the CO oxidation confined under graphene.
Construction Biotechnology: Biogeochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology of Construction Materials and Processes (Green Energy and Technology)
by Volodymyr Ivanov Viktor StabnikovThis book presents the first comprehensive text on construction biomaterials and bioprocesses. It details aspects of construction biotechnology, a new interdisciplinary area involving applications of environmental and industrial microbiology and biotechnology in geotechnical and civil engineering. It also critically reviews all existing and potential construction biotechnology processes. It discusses a number of topics including the biotechnological production of new construction materials such as self-healing concrete, construction biocomposites, construction bioplastics, and biotechnological admixtures to cement. It also addresses construction-related processes like biocementation, bioclogging, soil surface fixation and biosealing, microbial cements and grouts, the biocoating of construction material surfaces, the microbiology and biosafety of the construction environment, the prevention of biocorrosion as well as biodeterioration and biofouling in civil engineering. Biomediated precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and iron compounds as carbonates, phosphates, sulphides, and silicate minerals in soil for its clogging and strengthening are considered from geotechnical, chemical, and microbiological points of view. It offers an overview of the basic microbiology that will enable civil engineers to perform the construction biogeochemical processes. Design principles and considerations for different field implementations are discussed from a practical point of view. The book can be used as a textbook for graduate and senior undergraduate students in biotechnology, civil engineering and environmental engineering as well as a reference book for researchers and practitioners working in this new interdisciplinary area.
Construction, Demolition and Disaster Waste Management: An Integrated and Sustainable Approach
by Erik K. LauritzenConstruction and Demolition Waste (CDW), from the construction, maintenance, renovation and demolition of buildings and structures, represents a large proportion of the waste in industrialized societies. Compared to other forms, such as household waste, more than 90% of CDW can be used as a resource and a substitute for construction materials, especially for primary, natural raw materials. Reuse, recovery and recycling depends on the quality and market for the materials, and the environmental impact of the processes for conversion of CDW from old structures to its use in new structures. However, the utilization today of CDW products as secondary resources is marginal. Most CDW is deposited or used as fill material, and the opportunities of high quality recycling are generally neglected. This book presents the opportunities for the sustainable and resource efficient utilisation of CDW, focusing on recycling of concrete and masonry as the major forms of CDW. The recycling of gypsum, timber, mineral wool, asphalt and other types are also described. Its aim is to present a chain of value and material streams in the transformation of obsolete buildings and structures into new buildings and structures. It takes a holistic view, focusing on the lifecycle economy (the circular economy) and integrated management aspects of various scenarios ranging from high industrial urban renewal to debris removal and management after disasters and conflicts. It is based on the author´s 35 years of research and development combined with practical international experience within the demolition and recycling area. It addresses students, architects, civil engineers, building owners, public authorities and others working in urban planning, demolition and resource management in the building and construction sector and in the reconstruction of damaged buildings after disasters and wars.
Construction in 5D: Proceedings of the 15th Built Environment Conference (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #245)
by Theo C. Haupt Mariam Akinlolu Fredrick Simpeh Christopher Amoah Zakheeya ArmoedThis book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in built environment, as presented by international researchers at the 15th Built Environment Conference, held in Durban, South Africa, on September 27-28, 2021, and organized by the Association of Schools of Construction of Southern Africa (ASOCSA). The overarching theme of the conference was “Construction in 5D: Deconstruction, Digitalization, Disruption, Disaster, Development”, with contributions focusing on current trends, innovations, opportunities and challenges, policies and procedures, legislation and regulations, practices and case studies, in both the public and private sectors. The volume will contribute to the existing body of knowledge relative to the science and practice of construction not only in South Africa but wherever the products of construction are produced even in these new challenging times of fear and uncertainty.