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Crystallizing Ideas - The Role of Chemistry
by Henri Li Kam Wah Ponnadurai Ramasami Minu Gupta Bhowon Sabina Jhaumeer LaullooTwenty-three carefully selected, peer-reviewed contributions from the International Conference on Pure and Applied Chemistry (ICPAC 2014) are featured in this edited book of proceedings. ICPAC 2014, a biennial meeting, was held in Mauritius in June 2014. The theme of the conference was "Crystallizing Ideas: The Role of Chemistry" and it matched the declaration of the year 2014 as the International Year of Crystallography. ICPAC 2014 was attended by 150 participants from 30 countries. The chapters in this book reflect a wide range of fundamental and applied research in chemistry and interdisciplinary subjects. Crystallizing Ideas - The Role of Chemistry is written for graduates, postgraduates, researchers in industry and academia who have an interest in the fields ranging from fundamental to applied chemistry.
Crystallographic Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #56)
by Christopher Jones Barbara Mulloy Mark R. SandersonIn Crystallographic Methods and Protocols leading specialists in the application of X-ray crystallography to biological problems provide a basic and comprehensive guide to its successful use in obtaining detailed three-dimensional structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and their complexes. These deeply experienced researchers describe in clear practical terms their proven methods for preparing samples, crystallizing them, obtaining preliminary characterizations, acquiring and analyzing data, and solving and refining structures. Their step-by-step instructions give biologically trained workers immediate access to a powerful technique essential to solving many biologically relevant problems.
Crystallographic Texture of Materials (Engineering Materials and Processes)
by Satyam Suwas Ranjit Kumar RayProviding a comprehensive and invaluable overview of the basics of crystallographic textures and their industrial applications, this book covers a broad range of both structural and functional materials. It introduces the existing methods of representation in an accessible manner and presents a thorough overview of existing knowledge on texture of metallic materials. Texture analysis has widespread use in many industries, and provides crucial input towards the development of new materials and products. There has been rapid growth in the science and art of texture analysis in the last few decades. Other topics addressed within this book include recent research on texture in thin films and non-metals, and the dependence of material properties on texture, and texture control in some engineering materials. This book constitutes an invaluable reference text for researchers and professionals working on texture analysis in metallurgy, materials science and engineering, physics and geology. By using content selectively, it is also highly accessible to undergraduate students.
Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry
by Rick UbicThis textbook introduces readers to the language, concepts, and tools of crystallography, as well as many aspects of crystal chemistry. Important topics, such as bonding, electronegativity, lattice energy, symmetry operations, crystal defects, and structure-property relationships are covered. Worked examples are included where appropriate. By uniquely combining elements of crystallography and crystal chemistry, the text is a useful and accessible resource for students across many disciplines. Chapter summaries and example problems are included to optimize use by students and faculty in both graduate and undergraduate curricula. Historical context to relevant discoveries and biographical sketches of many of the scientists involved in the development of this field are also provided to expand the student’s knowledge of both solid-state science and scientists.
Crystallography and Crystal Defects
by Kevin M. Knowles Anthony A. KellyExtensively revised and updated, this new edition of a classic text presents a unified approach to crystallography and to the defects found within crystals. The book combines the classical and exact description of symmetry of a perfect crystal with the possible geometries of the major defects-dislocations, stacking faults, point defects, twins, interfaces and the effects of martensitic transformations. A number of important concepts and exciting new topics have been introduced in this second edition, including piezoelectricity, liquid crystals, nanocrystalline concepts, incommensurate materials and the structure of foamed and amorphous solids. The coverage of quasicrystalline materials has been extended, and the data tables, appendices and references have been fully updated.Reinforcing its unrivalled position as the core text for teaching crystallography and crystal defects, each chapter includes problem sets with brief numerical solutions at the end of the book. Detailed worked solutions, supplementary lecture material and computer programs for crystallographic calculations are provided online (http://booksupport.wiley.com).
Crystallography and Crystal Defects
by Kevin M. Knowles Anthony KellyThe classic book that presents a unified approach to crystallography and the defects found within crystals, revised and updated This new edition of Crystallography and Crystal Defects explains the modern concepts of crystallography in a clear, succinct manner and shows how to apply these concepts in the analyses of point, line and planar defects in crystalline materials. Fully revised and updated, this book now includes: Original source references to key crystallographic terms familiar to materials scientists Expanded discussion on the elasticity of cubic materials New content on texture that contains more detail on Euler angles, orientation distribution functions and an expanded discussion on examples of textures in engineering materials Additional content on dislocations in materials of symmetry lower than cubic An expanded discussion of twinning which includes the description and classification of growth twins The inclusion and explanation of results from atomistic modelling of twin boundaries Problem sets with new questions, detailed worked solutions, supplementary lecture material and online computer programs for crystallographic calculations. Written by authors with extensive lecturing experience at undergraduate level, Crystallography and Crystal Defects, Third Edition continues to take its place as the core text on the topic and provides the essential resource for students and researchers in metallurgy, materials science, physics, chemistry, electrical, civil and mechanical engineering.
Crystallography and Surface Structure: An Introduction For Service Scientists And Nanoscientists
by Klaus HermannA valuable learning tool as well as a reference, this book provides students and researchers in surface science and nanoscience with the theoretical crystallographic foundations, which are necessary to understand local structure and symmetry of bulk crystals, including ideal and real single crystal surfaces. The author deals with the subject at an introductory level, providing numerous graphic examples to illustrate the mathematical formalism. The book brings together and logically connects many seemingly disparate structural issues and notations used frequently by surface scientists and nanoscientists. Numerous exercises of varying difficulty, ranging from simple questions to small research projects, are included to stimulate discussions about the different subjects. From the contents: Bulk Crystals, Three-Dimensional Lattices - Crystal Layers, Two-Dimensional Lattices, Symmetry - Ideal Single Crystal Surfaces - Real Crystal Surfaces - Adsorbate layers - Interference Lattices - Chiral Surfaces - Experimental Analysis of Real Crystal Surfaces - Nanoparticles and Crystallites - Quasicrystals - Nanotubes
Crystallography and Surface Structure: An Introduction for Surface Scientists and Nanoscientists
by Klaus HermannA valuable learning tool as well as a reference, this book provides students and researchers in surface science and nanoscience with the theoretical crystallographic foundations, which are necessary to understand local geometries and symmetries of bulk crystals, including ideal single crystal surfaces. The author deals with the subject at an introductory yet mathematically sound level, providing numerous graphic examples to keep the math in context. The book brings together and logically connects many seemingly disparate structural issues and notations used frequently by surface scientists and nanoscientists. Numerous exercises of varying difficulty, ranging from simple questions to small research projects, are included to stimulate discussions about the different subjects.
Crystallography: An Introduction
by Walter Borchardt-Ott Robert O. GouldAs a self-study guide, course primer or teaching aid, Borchardt-Ott's Crystallography is the perfect textbook for students and teachers alike. In fact, it can be used by crystallographers, chemists, mineralogists, geologists and physicists. Based on the author's more than 25 years of teaching experience, the book has numerous line drawings designed especially for the text and a large number of exercises - with solutions - at the end of each chapter. This 3rd edition is the translation of the seventh German edition with new chapters focused on crystal chemistry and x-ray diffraction methods.
Crystals and Crystal Structures
by Richard J. TilleyAn authoritative, updated text that offers an introduction to crystals and crystal structure with coverage of crystallography, and microscopy of materials Written in a friendly, non-mathematical style, the updated second edition of Crystals and Crystal Structures offers a comprehensive exploration of the key elements of crystals and crystal structures. Starting with the basics, it includes information on multiple areas of crystallography, including modulated structures, quasicrystals and protein crystallography, and interdisciplinary applications as diverse as the relationship between physical properties and symmetry. To enhance comprehension of the material presented, the book contains a variety of problems and exercises. The revised second edition offers new material and updates in the field including: An introduction to the use of high intensity X-ray analysis of protein structures Advances in imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy The relationship between symmetry and physical properties highlighting new findings and an introduction to tensor notation in describing these relationships in a concise fashion Nanoparticles as well as crystallographic aspects, defects, surface defects and the impact of these crystallographic features on properties Perovskite structures and their variations and the inclusion of their wide-ranging properties Written for students ofcrystallography, chemistry, physics, materials science, biosciences and geology, Crystals and Crystal Structures, Second Edition provides an understanding of the subject and enables students to read scientific papers and articles describing a crystal structure or use crystallographic databases.
Crystals and Crystallinity in Polymers
by Finizia Auriemma Claudio De RosaProvides the tools needed to master and apply the fundamentals of polymer crystallographyUsing core concepts in physics, chemistry, polymer science and engineering, this book sheds new light on the complex field of polymer crystallography, enabling readers to evaluate polymer crystallization data and determine the best methods to use for their investigations. The authors set forth a variety of tested and proven methods for analyzing ordered and disordered structures in polymer crystals, including X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, and microscopy. In addition to the basics, the book explores several advanced and emerging topics in the field such as symmetry breaking, frustration, and the principle of density-driven phase formation.Crystals and Crystallinity in Polymers introduces two new concepts in crystallinity and crystals in synthetic polymers. First, crystallinity in polymeric materials is compatible with the absence of true three-dimensional long-range order. Second, the disorder may be described as a structural feature, using the methods of X-ray scattering and electron diffraction analysis.The book begins by introducing the basic principles and methods for building structural models for the conformation of polymer crystal chains. Next, it covers:Packing of macromolecules in polymer crystalsMethods for extracting structural parameters from diffraction dataDefects and disorder in polymer crystalsAnalytical methods for diffuse scattering from disordered polymer structuresCrystal habitInfluence of crystal defects and structural disorder on the physical and mechanical properties of polymeric materialsCrystals and Crystallinity in Polymers examines all the possible types of structural disorder generally present in polymer crystals and describes the influence of each kind of disorder on X-ray and electron diffraction patterns. Its comprehensive, expert coverage makes it possible for readers to learn and apply the fundamentals of polymer crystallography to solve a broad range of problems.
Crystals: The Only Book You'll Ever Need (Plain And Simple Ser.)
by Cass Jackson & Janie JacksonFrom time immemorial, crystals have been used for healing, and legend has it that long ago, people knew how to store information inside these precious stones. How does their incredible magic work? Through this clear, practical guide, discover the many ways crystals can cure physical, emotional, and spiritual problems, divine the future, and enhance psychic powers. See which ones work best to aid meditation and visualisation, clear a room of negative energy, promote creativity, or foresee the future. There's advice on buying, purifying, and charging the stones, crystal folklore, and a breath-taking gallery rich in information.
Ctenophores: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2757)
by Leonid L. MorozThis volume explores emerging approaches and methods inspired by recent research using ctenophores or placozoans, facilitating the study of these enigmatic species and ancient animal lineages. Practical protocols are integrated with introductory chapters about general biology, summarizing the diversity, evolution, genomics, development, and neurobiology of these organisms. Special chapters outline strategies and applications for culturing, microscopy, physiology, electrical synapses, and bioluminescence, molecular and single-cell biology, transcription factors, as well as gene and protein expression analyses. The book also contains bioinformatics and computational chapters covering peptidomics and epigenomics. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include detailed implementation advice that leads to dependable results in the laboratory. Authoritative and practical, Ctenophores: Methods and Protocols is anideal resource for comparative and experimental biologists and interdisciplinary scientists aiming to decipher fundamental principles of animal organization, origin, and the evolution of biological complexity in general, opening novel avenues for future synthetic biology research.
Ctrl + Z: The Right to Be Forgotten
by Meg Leta JonesA gripping insight into the digital debate over data ownership, permanence and policy“This is going on your permanent record!” is a threat that has never held more weight than it does in the Internet Age, when information lasts indefinitely. The ability to make good on that threat is as democratized as posting a Tweet or making blog. Data about us is created, shared, collected, analyzed, and processed at an overwhelming scale. The damage caused can be severe, affecting relationships, employment, academic success, and any number of other opportunities—and it can also be long lasting. One possible solution to this threat? A digital right to be forgotten, which would in turn create a legal duty to delete, hide, or anonymize information at the request of another user. The highly controversial right has been criticized as a repugnant affront to principles of expression and access, as unworkable as a technical measure, and as effective as trying to put the cat back in the bag. Ctrl+Z breaks down the debate and provides guidance for a way forward. It argues that the existing perspectives are too limited, offering easy forgetting or none at all. By looking at new theories of privacy and organizing the many potential applications of the right, law and technology scholar Meg Leta Jones offers a set of nuanced choices. To help us choose, she provides a digital information life cycle, reflects on particular legal cultures, and analyzes international interoperability. In the end, the right to be forgotten can be innovative, liberating, and globally viable.
Cuatro Ciénegas Ecology, Natural History and Microbiology (Cuatro Ciénegas Basin: An Endangered Hyperdiverse Oasis)
by Valeria Souza Gabriela Olmedo-Álvarez Luis E. EguiarteThe aim of this first book is to introduce the readers of the series to why Cuatro Ciénegas Basin (CCB) is so unique, starting with the reason why astrobiologists became interested in this oasis in the first place; namely, the high diversity and abundance of stromatolites and microbial mats in continental waters to be found in the desert oasis. As NASA has long since discovered, the basin may offer the best analog of early Earth. In essence, CCB is a time machine that can take us far back and forth in time. In the respective chapters, the contributing authors explain the extraordinary microbial diversity of Cuatro Ciénegas Basin from various perspectives. In order to do so, they explain their journey as well as the different tools used to unravel the basin’s mysteries, such as: Why are there so many species in a place without food? How has life there survived the enormity of tectonic shifts through the ages, maintaining its ancient marine heritage?
Cuba After Castro: Legacies, Challenges, and Impediments
by Bruce Hoffman Kevin F. Mccarthy Gabriella Gonzalez Louay Constant Edward Gonzalez Jeffery C. TannerWhen the end of the Castro era arrives, the successor government and the Cuban people will need to answer certain questions: How is Castro's more than four-decade rule likely to affect a post-Castro Cuba? What will be the political, social, and economic challenges Cuba will confront? What are the impediments to Cuba's economic development and democratic transition? The authors examine Castro's political legacies, Cuba's generational and racial divisions, its demographic predicament, the legacy of a centralized economy, and the need for industrial restructuring.
Cubed: The Puzzle Of Us All
by Erno RubikErno Rubik inspires us with what he's learned in a lifetime of creating, curiosity, and discovery.
Cubeo Hehénewa Religious Thought
by Peter Wilson Irving IrvingThe societies of the Vaupés region are now among the most documented indigenous cultures of the New World, in part because they are thought to resemble earlier civilizations lost during initial colonial conflict. Here at last is the eagerly awaited publication of a posthumous work by the man widely regarded as the preeminent authority on Vaupés Amazonian societies. Cubeo Hehénewa Religious Thought will be the definitive account of the religious worldview of a significant Amazonian culture. Cubeo religious thought incorporates ideas about the nature of the cosmos, society, and human life; the individual's orientation to the world; the use of hallucinogenic substances; and a New World metaphysics. This volume was substantially completed before Irving Goldman’s death, but Peter Wilson has edited it for publication, providing a thorough introduction to Goldman’s work. Stephen Hugh-Jones has contributed an afterword, setting the work in the context of contemporary Vaupés ethnography.
Cucurbits (Crop Production Science in Horticulture)
by Professor Todd C Wehner Dr Rachel P. Naegele Professor James R. Myers Dr Narinder P Dhillon Professor Kevin CrosbyCompletely updated with new content and full-colour figures throughout, the second edition of this successful book continues to provide complete coverage relating to the production of cucurbits, including cucumbers, gourds, muskmelons, pumpkins, squashes and watermelons. These crops are grown worldwide and represent one of the largest and most important groups of horticultural food plants. This second edition of Cucurbits provides up-to-date, succinct and authoritative knowledge on this variety of crops and reflects on significant advances in the areas of production, breeding and evolution. This new edition: - Contains new chapters on abiotic stresses and cucurbits for health - Includes major updates in research on the evolution, movement and distribution of species - Explores new genetic resources and breeding advancements - Delivers current information on methods of improving yield (e.g. grafting) and the management and resistance for pests and diseases - Has an updated list of the most recent taxonomic names This book represents a current and comprehensive guide to cucurbits, is highly illustrated and written in an accessible style. It is an essential resource for students, growers and researchers.
Culicipedia: Species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera)
by Ralph E. HarbachMosquitoes are undeniably one of the most studied groups of insects due to their great impact on human health as the agents that transmit the pathogens which cause malaria, filariasis and numerous viral diseases, such as yellow fever and dengue fever. The study of mosquitoes has given rise to a plethora of names for subspecies, species, subgenera, genera and family-level groups, many of which are duplicate names for the same entity. This unique volume is a comprehensive compilation of all scientific names introduced at all levels of classification within the family since the official start of zoological nomenclature. The work is largely a lexicon that is historical and informative as well as nomenclatural and bibliographic. Unlike catalogues, it contains sections devoted separately to the groups of names regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the species, genus and family groups, as well as sections concerned with names derived from personal and geographical names and other sources. In addition to insights into the history of mosquito classification, attention given to the formation, latinization and derivation of names makes the work a crucial contribution to mosquito science. Culicipedia is an important comprehensive reference source for students, entomologists, professional taxonomists and other scientists interested in culicid nomenclature, classification and the etymology of scientific names.
Culinary Man and the Kitchen Brigade: Normative Subjectivity in Western Fine Dining Traditions (Routledge Food Studies)
by Jordan FallonCulinary Man and the Kitchen Brigade offers an exploration of the field of normative subjectivity circulated within western fine dining traditions, presenting a theoretical analysis of the governing relationship between the chef, who embodies the Culinary Man, and the fine dining brigade.The book offers a unique treatment of western haute cuisine’s interlocking regime of labor and aesthetics and theorizes the underexplored kitchen brigade as a model of disciplinary formation. It deploys a heterogeneous set of disciplinary discourses and practices which have the effect of consolidating monopolies on epistemic authority and governance. Each position within the brigade’s hierarchy is subject to distinct, though related, disciplinary practices. Thus, chapters identify the specific practices pertinent to each brigade subject, while also illuminating how they fit together as a coherent hegemonic project. The application of Wynterian and Foucauldian insight to the fine dining brigade offers a political theory of culinary work which departs from other food studies texts. Notably, this work offers an in-depth treatment of the brigade’s colonial dimensions which resonate with emerging critiques, scholarly and general, of the race and gender politics of restaurant labor. The concluding chapters seek to identify where extant modes of resistance or alternative forms of culinary organization may hold the potential to move beyond the hegemonic overrepresentation of Culinary Man.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars from across the social sciences and humanities interested in critical food studies, political and cultural theory, and popular culinary culture.
Culinary Reactions: The Everyday Chemistry of Cooking
by Simon Quellen FieldExploring the scientific principles behind everyday recipes, this informative blend of lab book and cookbook reveals that cooks are actually chemists. Following or modifying recipes is shown to be an experiment with acids and bases, emulsions and suspensions, gels and foams. This easy-to-follow primer includes recipes that demonstrate the scientific concepts, such as Whipped Creamsicle Topping (a foam), Cherry Dream Cheese (a protein gel), and Lemonade with Chameleon Eggs (an acid indicator). Also included in this fun, fact-filled companion are answers to various culinary curiosities, such as How does altering the ratio of flour, sugar, yeast, salt, butter, and water affect how high bread rises? and Why is whipped cream made with nitrous oxide rather than the more common carbon dioxide?
Cullin-RING Ligases and Protein Neddylation: Biology and Therapeutics (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1217)
by Wenyi Wei Yi Sun Jianping JinThis book summarizes all the important aspects of CRLs (Cullin-RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligases), while providing details of mechanistic specifics that go beyond protein ubiquitination and neddylation. Ubiquitin ligases, including the CRLs, which are activated by neddylation, play an important role in diverse biological processes and are involved in various human diseases, particularly cancer. The book covers various topics, such as CRL structure, biology, genetics, its regulation by neddylation, its pivotal role in human disease, and its potential in drug discovery and targeted therapies. The book appeals to biochemists and biologists working in other fields, and, given the importance of CRLs in all aspects of cell biology and the great promise of targeting these complexes for therapy, is a valuable resource anyone interested in modern biology or medicine.
Cultivated Meat: Technologies, Commercialization and Challenges
by Carlos Ricardo Soccol Carla Forte Maiolino Molento Germano Glufke Reis Susan Grace KarpCultivated meat is an emerging substitute for conventional meat that is not associated with animal farming and slaughtering. Instead, animal cells are cultivated in bioreactors and post-processed into “artificial” meat products. Although this new technology solves several ethical and environmental problems, there are techno-economic challenges that need to be addressed to make the commercial-scale production of cultivated meat a real perspective. This book addresses fundamental aspects of new food systems, animal cell culture and cultivated meat production, including cell lines, culture media, microcarriers and scaffolds, bioreactors, downstream processes, formulation, packaging, quality control, scale-up, and waste management. Also, aspects related to commercialization, market, patents, legislation, global and regional policies, and sustainability metrics such as life-cycle assessment, together with a bioeconomy perspective analysis, are reviewed. Finally, case studies are presented and the challenges and future prospects for cultivated meat production are proposed. This book is a collection of 21 chapters written by specialists in the field.
Cultivated vegetables of the world: A Multilingual Onomasticon
by Stanley J. KaysVegetables make up a major portion of the diet of humans and are critical for good health. With the world population predicted to reach 9 billion people by 2050, they will play an increasingly important role in food availability. The purpose of this book is to facilitate accuracy in communication among individuals working in agriculture and a better understand of the extent and diversity of vegetable production and utilization worldwide. Increasing global economic interdependence and trade in agricultural products makes precise communication among individuals utilizing different languages essential. There is currently a wide range of vegetables shipped around the world as seasonal, economic and other forces are shifting markets from exclusively local toward global. The text provides up-to-date scientific names, synonyms, and common names for the commercially cultivated vegetable crops grown worldwide (404 crops), in addition to information on the plant parts utilized and their method of preparation. Common names from 370 languages are presented along with information on each of the languages. The text represents an essential reference source with the information presented in a concise and readily accessible format. It allows indentifying a crop from the common name in a diverse cross-section of languages and is therefore of use to university and government researchers, libraries worldwide, agricultural organizations, agricultural scientists, embassies, international travelers, vegetable growers, shippers, packers, produce buyers, grocery store managers, gourmet restaurants, chefs, and gardeners.