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Determination of Target Xenobiotics and Unknown Compound Residues in Food, Environmental, and Biological Samples (Chromatographic Science Series)
by Tomasz Tuzimski Joseph ShermaXenobiotics are chemical compounds foreign to a given biological system. In animals and humans, xenobiotics include drugs, drug metabolites, and environmental pollutants. In the environment, xenobiotics include synthetic pesticides, herbicides, and industrial pollutants. Many techniques are used in xenobiotics residue analysis; the method selected depends on the complexity of the sample, the nature of the matrix/analytes, and the analytical techniques available. This reference will help the analyst develop effective and validated analytical strategies for the analysis of hundreds of different xenobiotics on hundreds of different sample types, quickly, accurately and at acceptable cost.
Determined to Believe?: The Sovereignty of God, Freedom, Faith, and Human Responsibility
by John C. LennoxDetermined to Believe? is written for those who are interested in or even troubled by questions about God's sovereignty and human freedom and responsibility. John Lennox writes in the spirit of helping people to come to grips with the biblical treatment of this issue for themselves. In this comprehensive review of the topic of theological determinism, Lennox seeks firstly to define the problem, looking at the concepts of freedom, the different kinds of determinism, and the moral problems these pose. He then equips the reader with biblical teaching on the topic and explores the spectrum of theological opinion on it. Following this, Lennox delves deeper into the Gospels and then investigates what we can learn regarding determinism and responsibility from Paul's discussion in Romans on God's dealings with Israel. Finally Lennox tackles the issue of Christian assurance. This nuanced and detailed study challenges some of the widely held assumptions in the area of theological determinism and brings a fresh perspective to the debate.
Determined: A Science of Life without Free Will
by Robert M. SapolskyThe instant New York Times bestseller&“Excellent . . . Outstanding for its breadth of research, the liveliness of the writing, and the depth of humanity it conveys.&” –Wall Street JournalOne of our great behavioral scientists, the bestselling author of Behave, mounts a devastating scientific and philosophical case against free will—an argument with profound consequencesRobert Sapolsky&’s Behave, his now classic account of why humans do good and why they do bad, pointed toward an unsettling conclusion: we may not grasp exactly how nature and nurture create the physics and chemistry that cause all human behavior, but that doesn&’t mean they don&’t exist. In Determined, Sapolsky takes his argument all the way, mounting a brilliant (and in his inimitable way, delightful) full-frontal assault on the pleasant fantasy that there is some separate self who tells our biology what to do.Determined offers a marvelous synthesis of what we know about consciousness—the tight weave between reason and emotion and between stimulus and response in the moment and over a life. One by one, Sapolsky takes out all the major arguments for free will, cutting a path through the thickets of chaos theory and quantum physics. But as Sapolsky acknowledges, it&’s sometimes impossible to uncouple from our zeal to judge people, including ourselves. Determined applies this new understanding to some of our most essential questions around punishment, morality, and living well together. Most of all, Sapolsky argues that while accepting the reality about free will is monumentally difficult, it will make for a much more humane world.
Determinism and Free Will: New Insights From Physics, Philosophy, And Theology
by Emanuele Severino Fabio Scardigli Gerard ’t Hooft Piero CodaIn this small book, theoretical physicist Gerard 't Hooft (Nobel prize 1999), philosopher Emanuele Severino (Lincei Academician), and theologian Piero Coda (Pontifical Lateran University) confront one another on a topic that lies at the roots of quantum mechanics and at the origin of Western thought: Determinism and Free Will. "God does not play dice" said Einstein, a tenacious determinist. <P><P>Quantum Mechanics and its clash with General Relativity have reanimated ancient dilemmas about chance and necessity: Is Nature deterministic? Is Man free? The “free-will theorem” by Conway and Kochen, and the deterministic interpretation of quantum mechanics proposed by 't Hooft, revive such philosophical questions in modern Physics. Is Becoming real? Is the Elementary Event a product of the Case? <P><P>The cyclopean clash between Heraclitus and Parmenides has entered a new episode, as evidenced by the essays in this volume.
Determinism and Self-Organization of Human Perception and Performance (Springer Series in Synergetics)
by Till FrankThis book discusses human perception and performance within the framework of the theory of self-organizing systems. To that end, it presents a variety of phenomena and experimental findings in the research field, and provides an introduction to the theory of self-organization, with a focus on amplitude equations, order parameter and Lotka-Volterra equations. The book demonstrates that relating the experimental findings to the mathematical models provides an explicit account for the causal nature of human perception and performance. In particular, the notion of determinism versus free will is discussed in this context. The book is divided into four main parts, the first of which discusses the relationship between the concept of determinism and the fundamental laws of physics. The second part provides an introduction to using the self-organization approach from physics to understand human perception and performance, a strategy used throughout the remainder of the book to connect experimental findings and mathematical models. In turn, the third part of the book focuses on investigating performance guided by perception: climbing stairs and grasping tools are presented in detail. Perceptually relevant bifurcation parameters in the mathematical models are also identified, e.g. in the context of walk-to-run gait transitions. Chains of perceptions and actions together with their underlying mechanisms are then presented, and a number of experimental phenomena – such as selective attention, priming, child play, bistable perception, retrieval-induced forgetting, functional fixedness and memory effects exhibiting hysteresis with positive or negative sign – are discussed. Human judgment making, internal experiences such as dreaming and thinking, and Freud’s concept of consciousness are also addressed. The fourth and last part of the book explores several specific topics such as learning, social interactions between two people, life trajectories, and applications in clinical psychology. In particular, episodes of mania and depression under bipolar disorder, perception under schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive rituals are discussed. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in psychology, physics, applied mathematics, kinesiology, and the sport sciences who want to learn about the foundations of the field. Written for a mixed audience, the experiments and concepts are presented using non-technical language throughout. In addition, each chapter includes more advanced sections for modelers in the fields of physics and applied mathematics.
Deterministic Flexibility Analysis: Theory, Design, and Applications
by Chuei-Tin Chang Vincentius Surya Kurnia AdiTraditionally, design and control decisions are made in sequential stages over the life cycle of a chemical plant. In the design phase, the optimal operating conditions and the corresponding material and energy balance data are established mainly on the basis of economic considerations. In the subsequent step, the control systems are configured to maintain the key process conditions at the fixed nominal values. Because it is often desirable to address the operability issues at the earliest possible stage before stipulation of control schemes, the systematic incorporation of flexibility analysis in process synthesis and design has received considerable attention in recent years. This book focuses to a large extent on computation and implementation methods of deterministic performance measures, i.e., the steady-state, volumetric, dynamic and temporal flexibility indices, in various applications. The formal definitions of several available performance indices, their mathematical formulations, and the corresponding algorithms and codes are provided in sufficient detail to facilitate implementation. To show the utility of flexibility analyses, the book presents several practical case studies including membrane modules and heat-exchanger networks, solar-driven membrane distillation desalination systems, and hybrid power generation systems. It also includes MATLAB and GAMS codes.
Deterministic Kinetics in Chemistry and Systems Biology
by Gábor LenteThis book gives a concise overview of the mathematical foundations of kinetics used in chemistry and systems biology. The analytical and numerical methods used to solve complex rate equations with the widely used deterministic approach will be described, with primary focus on practical aspects important in designing experimental studies and the evaluation of data. The introduction of personal computers transformed scientific attitudes in the last two decades considerably as computational power ceased to be a limiting factor. Despite this improvement, certain time-honored approximations in solving rate equations such as the pre-equilibrium or the steady-state approach are still valid and necessary as they concern the information content of measured kinetic traces. The book shows the role of these approximations in modern kinetics and will also describe some common misconceptions in this field.
Deterministic Methods in Systems Hydrology: IHE Delft Lecture Note Series
by James C.I. Dooge Philip O'KaneDeterministic Methods in Systems Hydrology presents the basic theory underlying the multitude of parameter-rich models which dominate the hydrological literature. Its objectives are to introduce the elements of systems science as applied to hydrological problems; to present flood prediction and flood routing as problems in linear systems theory, clarifying the basic assumptions and evaluating their accuracy; and to review and to evaluate some deterministic models of components of the hydrological cycle, with a view to assembling the most appropriate model of catchment response, for a particular problem in applied hydrology. The material is developed in two parts: the first four chapters present the systems viewpoint, the nature of hydrological systems, some systems mathematics and their application to direct storm runoff. The final four chapters cover linear conceptual models of direct runoff, the fitting of conceptual models to data, simple models of subsurface flow and non-linear deterministic models.
Deterministic Nonlinear Systems
by Vadim S. Anishchenko Tatyana E. Vadivasova Galina I. StrelkovaThis text is a short yet complete course on nonlinear dynamics of deterministic systems. Conceived as a modular set of 15 concise lectures it reflects the many years of teaching experience by the authors. The lectures treat in turn the fundamental aspects of the theory of dynamical systems, aspects of stability and bifurcations, the theory of deterministic chaos and attractor dimensions, as well as the elements of the theory of Poincare recurrences. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the generation of periodic, quasiperiodic and chaotic self-sustained oscillations and to the issue of synchronization in such systems. This book is aimed at graduate students and non-specialist researchers with a background in physics, applied mathematics and engineering wishing to enter this exciting field of research.
Deterministic and Stochastic Modeling in Computational Electromagnetics: Integral and Differential Equation Approaches (IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory)
by Dragan Poljak Anna SusnjaraDeterministic and Stochastic Modeling in Computational Electromagnetics Help protect your network with this important reference work on cyber security Deterministic computational models are those for which all inputs are precisely known, whereas stochastic modeling reflects uncertainty or randomness in one or more of the data inputs. Many problems in computational engineering therefore require both deterministic and stochastic modeling to be used in parallel, allowing for different degrees of confidence and incorporating datasets of different kinds. In particular, non-intrusive stochastic methods can be easily combined with widely used deterministic approaches, enabling this more robust form of data analysis to be applied to a range of computational challenges. Deterministic and Stochastic Modeling in Computational Electromagnetics provides a rare treatment of parallel deterministic–stochastic computational modeling and its beneficial applications. Unlike other works of its kind, which generally treat deterministic and stochastic modeling in isolation from one another, it aims to demonstrate the usefulness of a combined approach and present particular use-cases in which such an approach is clearly required. It offers a non-intrusive stochastic approach which can be incorporated with minimal effort into virtually all existing computational models. Readers will also find: A range of specific examples demonstrating the efficiency of deterministic–stochastic modeling Computational examples of successful applications including ground penetrating radars (GPR), radiation from 5G systems, transcranial magnetic and electric stimulation (TMS and TES), and more Introduction to fundamental principles in field theory to ground the discussion of computational modeling Deterministic and Stochastic Modeling in Computational Electromagnetics is a valuable reference for researchers, including graduate and undergraduate students, in computational electromagnetics, as well as to multidisciplinary researchers, engineers, physicists, and mathematicians.
Deterministic and Stochastic Optimal Control and Inverse Problems
by Baasansuren JadambaInverse problems of identifying parameters and initial/boundary conditions in deterministic and stochastic partial differential equations constitute a vibrant and emerging research area that has found numerous applications. A related problem of paramount importance is the optimal control problem for stochastic differential equations. This edited volume comprises invited contributions from world-renowned researchers in the subject of control and inverse problems. There are several contributions on optimal control and inverse problems covering different aspects of the theory, numerical methods, and applications. Besides a unified presentation of the most recent and relevant developments, this volume also presents some survey articles to make the material self-contained. To maintain the highest level of scientific quality, all manuscripts have been thoroughly reviewed.
Deterrence and First-Strike Stability in Space
by Forrest E. MorganSpace stability appears to be eroding as a growing number of states acquire the ability to degrade or destroy U.S. space assets. The United States needs a coordinated national space deterrence strategy designed to operate on both sides of a potential adversary's cost-benefit decision calculus. Future research will determine the most effective and affordable mix of strategies, policies, and systems for strengthening space deterrence.
Deterrence: Lessons from Six Decades of Rand Deterrence Research
by Austin LongSince its inception six decades ago, the RAND Corporation has been one of the key institutional homes for the study of deterrence. This book examines much of this research for lessons relevant to the current and future strategic environment. It is therefore part intellectual history and part policy recommendation, intended to encourage debate and discussion on how deterrence can best be incorporated into U.S. strategy.
Deterring International Terrorism and Rogue States: US National Security Policy after 9/11 (Contemporary Security Studies)
by James H. LebovicThis new study challenges the widely held view that many current US adversaries cannot be deterred, maintaining that deterrence is not a relic of the Cold War period and that it should shape US policies toward so-called ‘rogue states’ and terror groups. James Lebovic argues that deterrence principles continue to apply, and focuses upon the ‘three pillars’ of the Bush administration’s national security policy: missile defence, which preoccupied the administration until September 11, 2001 pre-emption, which became the US focus with the September 11 attacks and US success in overthrowing the Taliban regime in Afghanistan homeland security, which the administration has portrayed as more a natural response to threat than an aspect of policy that must be reconciled with the other pillars. Deterring International Terrorism and Rogue States asserts that bad offences and defences have been endemic to the current US policy approach, leading US policy makers to pursue policies that require them to do everything without adequate concern for resource trade-offs, overreach, and unintended consequences. This book will be of great interest to students of US foreign policy, national and international security, terrorism and international relations in general.
Detonation Phenomena of Condensed Explosives (Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena)
by Shiro KubotaThis book presents fundamental theory of shock and detonation waves as well as selected studies in detonation research in Japan, contributed by selected experts in safety research on explosives, development of industrial explosives, and application of explosives. It also reports detonation research in Japan featuring industrial explosives that include ammonium nitrate-based explosives and liquid explosives. Intended as a monographic-style book, it consistently uses technical terms and symbols and creates organic links between various detonation phenomena in application of explosives, fundamental theory of detonation waves, measurement methods, and individual studies. Among other features, the book presents a historical perspective of shock wave and detonation research in Japan, pedagogical materials for young researchers in detonation physics, and an introduction to works in Japan, including equations of state, which are worthy of attention but about which very little is known internationally. Further, the concise pedagogical chapters also characterize this book as a primer of detonation of condensed explosives and help readers start their own research.
Detonation: Theory and Experiment
by William C. Davis Wildon FickettDetonation, as the authors point out, differs from other forms of combustion "in that all the important energy transfer is by mass flow in strong compression waves, with negligible contributions from other processes like heat conduction." Experiments have shown that these waves have a complex transverse structure, and have puzzled scientists by yielding some results that are at odds with the theoretical predictions. This newly corrected edition of a classic in its field serves as a comprehensive review of both experiments and theories of detonation - focusing on the steady (i.e. time-independent), fully developed detonation wave, rather than on the initiation or failure of detonation. After an introductory chapter the authors explore the "simple theory," including the Zeldovich-von Newmann-Doering model, and experimental tests of the simple theory. The chapters that follow cover flow in a reactive medium, steady detonation, the nonsteady solution, and the structure of the detonation front. The authors have succeeded in making the detailed, difficult theoretical work more accessible by working out a number of simple cases for illustration.The original edition of this book influenced many other scientists to pursue theories and experiments in detonation physics. This new, corrected edition will be welcomed by physicists, chemists, engineers, and anyone interested in understanding the phenomenon of detonation.
Detox Development: Repurposing Environmentally Harmful Subsidies
by Richard Damania Gill Jason Russ Jun Rentschler Esha Zaveri Esteban Balseca Charlotte de FontaubertClean air, land, and oceans are critical for human health and nutrition and underpin much of the world's economy. Yet they suffer from degradation, poor management, and overuse due to government subsidies. 'Detox Development: Repurposing Environmentally Harmful Subsidies' examines the impact of subsidies on these foundational natural assets. Explicit and implicit subsidies--estimated to exceed US$7 trillion per year--not only promote inefficiencies but also cause much environmental harm. Poor air quality is responsible for approximately 1 in 5 deaths globally. And as the new analyses in this report show, a significant number of these deaths can be attributed to fossil fuel subsidies. Agriculture is the largest user of land worldwide, feeding the world and employing 1 billion people, including 78 percent of the world's poor. But it is subsidized in ways that promote inefficiency, inequity, and unsustainability. Subsidies are shown to drive the deterioration of water quality and increase water scarcity by incentivizing overextraction. In addition, they are responsible for 14 percent of annual deforestation, incentivizing the production of crops that are cultivated near forests. These subsidies are also implicated in the spread of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, especially malaria. Finally, oceans support the world's fisheries and supply about 3 billion people with almost 20 percent of their protein intake from animals. Yet they are in a collective state of crisis, with more than 34 percent of fisheries overfished, exacerbated by open-access regimes and capacity-increasing subsidies. Although the literature on subsidies is large, this report fills significant knowledge gaps using new data and methods. In doing so, it enhances understanding of the scale and impact of subsidies and offers solutions to reform or repurpose them in efficient and equitable ways. The aim is to enhance understanding of the magnitude, consequences, and drivers of policy successes and failures in order to render reforms more achievable.
Detoxification of Heavy Metals
by Ajit Varma Irena SherametiHeavy metals are severe environmental pollutants, and many of them are toxic even at very low concentrations. With industrial development, soil pollution with heavy metal elements have dramatically increased. The uptake of heavy metals via plants that are exposed to contaminated soils is a risk for human health and a major hazard for the ecosystem as a whole, including soil microorganisms. On the other hand, plants may be used in the decontamination of soils. The topics presented in this book include: sources of heavy metals contaminants in soils; plant species that can grow on contaminated soils; the phytoremediation of contaminated soils; tolerance, accumulation and detoxification mechanisms of zinc, copper, arsenic, cadmium and vanadium in plants; the critical role of sulfur metabolism in heavy metal tolerance; the role of aquatic macrophytes, plant growth-promoting bacteria, sugar crops and earthworms in detoxification; and heavy metal stabilization by promoting zeolite synthesis in soils.
Deubiquitinases: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2591)
by Julie A. Maupin-Furlow Mariola J. EdelmannThis book aims to advance the understanding of deubiquitinases (DUBs) and DUB-like enzymes. Chapters detail methods used to identify, classify,and biochemically characterize DUBs along with approaches that enable both the determination and alteration of DUB biological function.. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Deubiquitinases: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.
Deus Est Caritas: The Voice of Gabriele Biondo on Personal Justification and Church Reform (International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées #245)
by Vito GuidaThe book examines the life and the writings of Gabriele Biondo, a secular priest who lived in the little town of Modigliana between the second half of the fifteenth century and the first decades of the sixteenth century. Through a careful examination of his writings and the sources he used, this book allows the reader to obtain a more precise understanding of Biondo, his background, his life, his movements, the difficulties that he encountered (mainly with the ecclesiastical authorities and the other members of the clergy, but also with civic leaders), and the main events of his life. Additionally, Biondo was the leader of a minor following formed by nuns, secular women, and laymen. Therefore, this book illustrates Biondo’s pastoral activity, the ideas and principles that supported his actions, and the objectives he was pursuing. Given these various objectives, this book is of interest to those scholars and academics interested in the religious tensions that swept through Europe in the years immediately preceding the Protestant Reformation and who, consequently, seek to investigate Biondo’s personal and complex answer to these tensions.
Deus in Machina: Religion, Technology, and the Things in Between
by Jeremy StolowThe essays in this volume explore how two domains of human experience and action—religion and technology—are implicated in each other. Contrary to commonsense understandings of both religion (as an “otherworldly” orientation) and technology (as the name for tools, techniques, and expert knowledges oriented to “this” world), the contributors to this volume challenge the grounds on which this division has been erected in the first place.What sorts of things come to light when one allows religion and technology to mingle freely? In an effort to answer that question, Deus in Machina embarks upon an interdisciplinary voyage across diverse traditions and contexts where religion and technology meet: from the design of clocks in medieval Christian Europe, to the healing power of prayer in premodern Buddhist Japan, to 19th-century Spiritualist devices for communicating with the dead, to Islamic debates about kidney dialysis in contemporary Egypt, to the work of disability activists using documentary film to reimagine Jewish kinship, to the representation of Haitian Vodou on the Internet, among other case studies.Combining rich historical and ethnographic detail with extended theoretical reflection, Deus in Machina outlines new directions for the study of religion and/as technology that will resonate across the human sciences, including religious studies, science and technology studies, communication studies, history, anthropology, and philosophy.
Deuteride Materials
by Jiping Liu Xiaobo LiuThis is the very first book that offers an up-to-date and comprehensive overview on deuteride. It not only includes the concept, existing forms, key characteristics, but also reviews the preparation and characterization technologies and the latest research developments of deuteride. The special properties such as the nuclear properties, isotropic and neutron effect, poisonousness, radioactivity, volume expansion are systematically discussed to build up the sound understanding of the materials. In particular, this work reviews a number of commercial and scientific uses of the materials including nuclear reactors, NMR spectroscopy and medicines. Researchers and industrial professionals in medicine, chemistry, biochemistry, environmental sciences and defense sciences will benefit from this work.
Deuterium Oxide and Deuteration in Biosciences
by Chang-Hwei ChenThis new book provides comprehensive coverage of the subjects of deuterium oxide and deuteration in biosciences, with an emphasis on the biochemical, biomedical, and pharmacological aspects. Deuterium oxide and deuteration effects also offer various implications for health-related issues, including diseases, vaccines and drugs. Organized in six sections, the chapter topics include the role of regular and heavy water in biosciences, and their implications to biomolecules, biochemical processes, health-related research, and pharmacology. Due to the broad scope, the book may be used as a supplemental text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in the related fields of biochemistry, biology, biomedical sciences, biophysics, and pharmacology. Researchers and pharmaceutical industry professionals will also find the content useful in order to gain knowledge and better understand the implications of deuterium oxide and deuteration research.
Deutsch-jüdische Begegnungen mit dem Buddhismus: Zwischen Moses und Buddha, 1890-1940
by Sebastian MuschIn Deutschland verwandelte sich der Buddhismus um die Jahrhundertwende von einem obskuren Thema, das nur für einige wenige Gelehrte von Interesse war, in ein kulturelles Phänomen. Viele der bedeutendsten Autoren dieser Zeit wurden von diesem rasanten Aufstieg des Buddhismus tiefgreifend beeinflusst - unter ihnen einige der bekanntesten Namen des deutsch-jüdischen Kanons. Sebastian Musch gräbt diese vernachlässigte Dimension deutsch-jüdischer Identität aus und zeichnet anhand von philosophischen Abhandlungen, Romanen, Essays, Tagebüchern und Briefen die Geschichte der jüdisch-buddhistischen Begegnungen bis zum Beginn des Zweiten Weltkriegs nach. Franz Rosenzweig, Martin Buber, Leo Baeck, Theodor Lessing, Jakob Wassermann, Walter Hasenclever und Lion Feuchtwanger werden neben anderen, weniger bekannten Persönlichkeiten wie Paul Cohen-Portheim und Walter Tausk vorgestellt. Wie Musch zeigt, verhandelten diese Denker, als sie über den Buddhismus schrieben, auch ihr eigenes Jüdischsein.
Deutschland und der Treibhauseffekt: Gesellschaftsphänomene und Perspektiven einer Energietransformation
by Kay GolzeHier wird ein Ansatz zur Beschreibung des gesellschaftlichen Phänomens Klimawandel präsentiert. Die Suche nach den Ursachen und Auswirkungen dieses epochalen und globalen Naturereignisses erfolgt außerhalb der Klimawissenschaften, aber unter deren Berücksichtigung. Die Analysen geben einen unerwartet umfassenden Blick in die innere Mechanik des Phänomens und öffnen neue Fenster zur Betrachtung. Auf dieser Basis wird das einmalige deutsche Gesellschaftsexperiment der Energietransformation durchleuchtet.