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Developing a National STEM Workforce Strategy: A Workshop Summary
by Engineering Medicine Policy Joe Alper Board on Higher Education Workforce National Academies of Sciences Global Affairs Planning Committee for the National Summit on Developing a STEM Workforce StrategyThe future competitiveness of the United States in an increasingly interconnected global economy depends on the nation fostering a workforce with strong capabilities and skills in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). STEM knowledge and skills enable both individual opportunity and national competitiveness, and the nation needs to develop ways of ensuring access to high-quality education and training experiences for all students at all levels and for all workers at all career stages. The National Science Foundation (NSF) holds a primary responsibility for overseeing the federal government’s efforts to foster the creation of a STEM-capable workforce. As part of its efforts in this endeavor, NSF’s Directorate on Education and Human Resources asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a workshop that would contribute to NSF’s preparation of a theoretical and evidence-based STEM Workforce Development R&D Core Framework. Participants discussed research themes, identified gaps and emerging research opportunities, and recommended refinements in the goals of the framework. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Developing a Research Strategy for Suicide Prevention in the Department of Defense: Status of Current Research, Prioritizing Areas of Need, and Recommendations for Moving Forward
by Terri Tanielian Rajeev Ramchand Phoenix Voorhies Nicole K. Eberhart Christopher Guo Eric Pedersen Terrance Dean SavitskyTo support U. S. Department of Defense (DoD) efforts to create a unified, comprehensive strategic plan for suicide prevention research, a RAND study cataloged studies funded by DoD and other entities, examined whether current research maps to DoD's strategic research needs, and provided recommendations to encourage better alignment and narrow the research-practice gap when it comes to disseminating findings to programs serving military personnel.
Developing a Research and Restoration Plan for Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim (Western Alaska) Salmon
by Committee on Review of Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim (Western Alaska) Research Restoration Plan for SalmonRecent declines in the abundance of salmon in the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim (AYK) region of western Alaska have created hardships for the people and communities who depend on this resource. In 2002, the AYK Sustainable Salmon Initiative (SSI) was created to undertake research to understand the reasons for this decline and to help support sustainable management in the region. This book makes recommendations for developing the research that the AYK SSI science plan should be based on, and relates the development of a restoration plan to the results of that research.
Developing a Safety and Health Program
by Daniel E. Della-GiustinaReflecting changes in the field during the ten years since the publication of the first edition, Developing a Safety and Health Program, Second Edition examines the elements of a safety and health program and delineates how to incorporate them into an organization's safety efforts. It begins by defining safety policy and providing an overview of OS
Developing a Security Training Program
by Joseph McDonaldDeveloping a Security Training Program focuses on how to establish a comprehensive training program for a security department from the ground up. This book highlights formal curriculum development, consistent and continual training, and the organizational benefits including how such security training will be a value-add.It’s long overdue for the industry to revisit old security training models from the past — to both general staff as well as to the dedicated security staff and professionals within organizations — and examine and revamp such with a fresh perspective. Given the current, dynamic environment for businesses — and the threats businesses face — it is important that any such training consider all procedures and policies, and be fully integrated into the company culture. This includes maintaining an eye on budgetary and financial costs while recognizing the need to budget for more training resources to maintain resilience and adaptability to current challenges and future changes to the environment. There is only one way to prepare your staff and that is through comprehensive and consistent training.Developing a Security Training Program provides the blueprint and tools for professionals to provide ongoing, targeted, and comprehensive security training at a low, budget-friendly cost.
Developing an Appropriate Contaminated Land Regime in China
by Xiaobo ZhaoLike all industrialized countries, China has encountered increasing problems with land contamination in recent years. Abandoned mining and manufacturing sites and obsolete industrial complexes, while also creating new polluting industrial enterprises, represent impending environmental threats. More importantly, a number of social and economic problems have developed and must be dealt with, in some cases urgently. Contaminated land laws and regulations have been established and have evolved in the US and UK and many other jurisdictions over the past few decades. These regimes have substantially influenced the relevant legislation in the context of numerous Asian and European countries and will inevitably benefit similar legislative efforts in China. This book is the first monograph that focuses on how China can learn from the US and UK with respect to contaminated land legislation and comprehensively illustrates how contaminated land law could be created in China. It will be of interest to academics and practitioners in environmental law in China, as well as the US and UK.
Developing an Impact-Based Combined Drought Index for Monitoring Crop Yield Anomalies in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Yared A. BayissaHaving a robust drought monitoring system for Ethiopia is crucial to mitigate the adverse impacts of droughts. Yet, such monitoring system still lacks in Ethiopia, and in the Upper Blue Nile (UBN) basin in particular. Several drought indices exist to monitor drought, however, these indices are unable, individually, to provide concise information on the occurrence of meteorological, agricultural and hydrological droughts. A combined drought index (CDI) using several meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought indices can indicate the occurrence of all drought types, and can provide information that facilitates the drought management decision-making process. This thesis proposes an impact-based combined drought index (CDI) and a regression prediction model of crop yield anomalies for the UBN basin. The impact-based CDI is defined as a drought index that optimally combines the information embedded in other drought indices for monitoring a certain impact of drought, i.e. crop yield for the UBN. The developed CDI and the regression model have shown to be effective in indicating historic drought events in UBN basin. The impact-based CDI could potentially be used in the future development of drought monitoring in the UBN basin and support decision making in order to mitigate adverse drought impacts.
Developing and Extending Sustainable Agriculture: A New Social Contract
by Charles A. Francis George W. Bird Raymond P. PoincelotGet the latest sustainable agriculture practices and keep an eye on the future Developing and Extending Sustainable Agriculture: A New Social Contract explores the challenges faced by today’s farmers and ranchers to provide practical strategies to develop a twenty-first century system of sustainable agriculture that is economically sound, environmentally compatible, and socially acceptable. This comprehensive look at the current state of farming and ranching presents leading authorities discussing concepts and approaches in sustainable agriculture such as crop rotations, integrated pest management, alternative sources of nutrients to maintain productivity, and rotational grazing systems.Presently there is a trend toward a more industrial agriculture and a global food system that will bring long-term negative impacts. If farmers look thoughtfully toward the future, alternatives are now available to help solve these problems to provide agricultural sustainability for generations to come. Developing and Extending Sustainable Agriculture: A New Social Contract provides a model for integrated research and outreach to everyone interested in sustainable development. A sensible framework of practical short-term strategies are combined with visionary long-term plans to provide viable approaches to sustain agriculture, secure our food system, and develop a more equitable society for the future. The text includes several tables and figures, extensive references, and comprehensive bibliographies.Topics in Developing and Extending Sustainable Agriculture: A New Social Contract include: the evolution of the concept of equitable and sustainable development on-farm research farmer to farmer education IPM (integrated pest management) soil management managed grazing whole-farm planning, including economic analysis training for sustainable agriculture motivation theory and research to foster positive sustainable development organic farming productivity the future of sustainable agriculture much, much more Developing and Extending Sustainable Agriculture: A New Social Contract is enlightening, horizon-expanding reading perfect for educators, students, government decision makers, cooperative extension educators, specialists, administrators, citizen members of county extension boards, and administrators in land grant universities.
Developing the Circular Water Economy (Palgrave Studies in Climate Resilient Societies)
by Robert C. BrearsThis book presents new research on policy innovations that promote the development of the circular water economy. In contrast to the linear economy, the circular water economy promotes the reduction of water consumption, reuse of water, and recovery of resources from wastewater to not only increase resilience to climate change but also to reduce greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the provision of water and wastewater-related services. Providing a series of in-depth case studies of important locations in differing climates around the globe that have implemented a variety of policy innovations to develop the circular water economy, this book is a valuable resource for water and resource conservation managers, policymakers, international companies and organisations interested in the circular economy, environmental NGOs, researchers, as well as graduate and undergraduate students. · Systematically reviews policy innovations to develop the circular water economy· Illustrates how leading locations from around the world have developed the circular water economy to increase resilience to climate change while reducing emissions · Provides ‘best practices’ for other locations around the world aiming to implement the circular water economy
Developing the Hall of Human Origins: Adaptive Resilience (Routledge Studies in Anthropology and Museums)
by Shelley L. SmithThis book focuses on the development of the National Museum of Natural History’s David H. Koch Hall of Human Origins. As one of the most visited human evolution exhibits in the world and the largest such exhibit in the United States, it has tremendous influence on public perception and knowledge of human evolution. The chapters explore how this exhibit came about, how it has changed since opening, and the associated educational and public outreach activities of members of the Smithsonian’s Human Origins Program. The author uses the term “adaptive resilience” to describe a central theme of the exhibit, our species’ adaptation to changing environments as a key feature of our success, and to refer to the resilience of Richard B. Potts in creating his vision for the hall. Contextual sections situate the hall’s development within the history of paleoanthropology, the politics of evolution and climate change, and African contributions. The book will be of particular interest to scholars of anthropology and museum studies as well as the history of science and science communication.
Developing to Scale: Technology and the Making of Global Health
by Heidi MorefieldThe first critical book on “appropriate technology,” Developing to Scale shows how global health came to be understood as a problem to be solved with the right technical interventions. In 1973, economist E. F. Schumacher published Small Is Beautiful, which introduced a mainstream audience to his theory of “appropriate technology”: the belief that international development projects in the Global South were most sustainable when they were small-scale, decentralized, and balanced between the traditional and the modern. His theory gained widespread appeal, as cuts to the foreign aid budget, the national interests of nations seeking greater independence, postcolonial activism, and the rise of the United States’ tech sector drove stakeholders across public and private institutions toward cheaper tools. In the ensuing decades, US foreign assistance shifted away from massive modernization projects, such as water treatment facilities, toward point-of-use technologies like village water pumps and oral rehydration salts. This transition toward the small scale had massive implications for the practice of global health. Developing to Scale tells the history of appropriate technology in international health and development, relating the people, organizations, and events that shaped this consequential idea. Heidi Morefield examines how certain technologies have been defined as more or less “appropriate” for the Global South based on assumptions about gender, race, culture, and environment. Her study shows appropriate technology to be malleable, as different constituencies interpreted its ideas according to their own needs. She reveals how policymakers wielded this tool to both constrain aid to a scale that did not threaten Western interests and to scale the practice of global health through the development and distribution of technical interventions.
Development Across The Life Span (Eighth Edition)
by Robert S. FeldmanA compelling blend of lifespan development research and applications Development Across the Life Span provides a chronological overview of human development from the moment of conception through death, examining both the traditional areas of the field and more recent innovations. Author Robert Feldman focuses on how developmental findings can be can be applied meaningfully and practically, helping students to recognize the relevance of the discipline to their own lives. Thoroughly updated with the latest data and contemporary examples, the Eighth Edition better engages students in key concepts via recent news items, timely world events, and contemporary uses of lifespan development. Personalize learning with MyPsychLab MyPsychLab is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to engage students and improve results. Within its structured environment, students practice what they learn, test their understanding, and pursue a personalized study plan that helps them better absorb course material and understand difficult concepts.
Development Cooperation Policy in Forestry from an Analytical Perspective
by Peter AurenhammerAny reader eager to gain a comprehensive insight into forest development policy, praxis and reality shouldn't miss this excellent publication. Hard to find a comparable reading where the author is digging as deep into Forest Development Policy. The author discovered numerous highly relevant theories as well as inspiring cases about forests and people from around the world, focusing on 'change' rather than 'development' and on the role of various actors in creating or preventing 'change'. The exciting results uncover reality and lead to inspiring discussions on concepts of development cooperation. All individual theoretical arguments and empirical proofs are well based and shed light into the political process of Forest Development Policy. The book is an essential contribution to scholarly debate and research on forestry in the South, and its relations to development cooperation, for both, readers with theoretical and practice related interests.
Development Planning: A Strategic Approach to Future Air Force Capabilities
by Committee on Improving the Effectiveness Efficiency of U.S. Air Force Pre-Acquisition Development PlanningThe development and application of technology has been an essential part of U. S. airpower, leading to a century of air supremacy. But that developmental path has rarely been straight, and it has never been smooth. Only the extraordinary efforts of exceptional leadership - in the Air Forces and the wider Department of Defense, in science and in industry - have made the triumphs of military airpower possible. "Development Planning" provides recommendations to improve development planning for near-term acquisition projects, concepts not quite ready for acquisition, corporate strategic plans, and training of acquisition personnel. This report reviews past uses of development planning by the Air Force, and offers an organizational construct that will help the Air Force across its core functions. Developmental planning, used properly by experienced practitioners, can provide the Air Force leadership with a tool to answer the critical question, Over the next 20 years in 5-year increments, what capability gaps will the Air Force have that must be filled? Development planning will also provide for development of the workforce skills needed to think strategically and to defectively define and close the capability gap. This report describes what development planning could be and should be for the Air Force.
Development Practice in Eastern and Southern Africa: Lived Experiences from the Trenches
by Sepo Hachigonta Tshilidzi Madzivhandila Joseph Francis Joseph Kamuzhanje Oluwatoyin Dare Kolawole Shirley DeWolfThis book is a rare collection of reflective and reflexive stories that reveal how seasoned academics, agents of grassroots social change, leaders and journalists transformed and shaped the development landscape in eastern and southern Africa. Whereas practical experiences are crucial assets and resources for shaping the academic environment and development practice landscape, most of the existing literature recommended as key learning materials in tertiary institutions is rarely in synch with the practical realities of development practice. The shared individual lived experiences from academic endeavours and fieldwork provide hands-on tools for students and emerging practitioners who might be involved in or are currently facilitating development work. The thrust of the book, therefore, is to demystify the day-to-day experiences of development practitioners while contributing to learning pathways or strategies for achieving viable solutions to the myriad of challenges, which grassroots communities face. The relevance of the book as a crucial resource for students pursuing development-oriented degree programmes in colleges and universities is obvious. Without any doubt, the compilation will be handy in the implementation of diverse development-oriented transformation agenda at academic, programming and policy levels.
Development Strategies and Biodiversity: Darwinian Fitness and Evolution in the Anthropocene (Fascinating Life Sciences)
by David Costantini Valeria MarascoDevelopment is a complex and highly dynamic process involving the cross talk among genes, maternal effects and environmental circumstances. Widespread evidence from plant to animal species show that variation in developmental conditions can modulate life history trajectories and influence key traits, such as growth, reproduction, and senescence. These effects are not limited to a single generation but can also be passed on future generations. This book aims to bring together studies of early life effects from the fields of evolutionary biology, global change biology, and biomedicine to synthesise and improve current knowledge of the mechanisms involved, and how variation in early life conditions translates into Darwinian fitness outcomes. Relying on examples of organisms’ responses to the ongoing and future environmental challenges of the Anthropocene, this book takes a novel approach to address the adaptive meaning of early life effects. The book has a broad scientific approach, targeting eco-evolutionary biologists, behavioural biologists, eco-physiologists, eco-toxicologists, as well as epidemiologists and biomedical scientists.
Development and Application of Biomarkers (Protein Science)
by Roger L. LundbladFirst introduced to biomedical research in 1980, the term biomarker has taken on a life of its own in recent years and has come to mean a number of things. A comprehensive assessment of biomarkers, this book covers the history and current status of the application of biomarkers in diagnostics and prognostics. It explores the technology used for the study of biomarkers, and the validation of biomarkers including a comparison of the various technologies used to identify and measure biomarkers. The editors emphasize the technology underlying biomarkers and the translation of basic science to clinical laboratory technology, including the commercial development of biomarkers. The book also covers proteomics and proteomic technologies and their applications in the identification of biomarkers.
Development and Applications of Free Electron Lasers
by Jia Chen Hai-Cang Ren Xie Jialin Ming-han YeProvides a comprehensive overview of the field of free electron lasers. Each chapter is based on a graduate-level lecture given by an internationally-known expert in the field, and is self-contained, beginning with introductory background material and culminating in an in-depth discussion of the author's current research. Written with both the student physicist and the active researcher in mind, this book is sure to be an invaluable reference for graduate students and professionals alike.
Development and Applications of Negative Ion Sources (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #110)
by Vadim DudnikovThis book describes the development of sources of negative ions and their application in science and industry. It describes the physical foundations and implementation of the key methods of negative ion production and control, such as charge exchange, thermionic emission, secondary emission (sputtering) and surface-plasma sources, as well as the history of their development. Following on from this essential foundational material, the book goes on to explore transport of negative ion beams, and beam-plasma instabilities. With exposition accessible at the graduate level, and a comprehensive bibliography, this book will appeal to all students and researchers whose work concerns ion sources and their applications to accelerators, beam physics, storage rings, cyclotrons, and plasma traps.
Development and Applications of Negative Ion Sources (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #125)
by Vadim DudnikovThis book describes the development of sources of negative ions and their application in science and industry. It describes the physical foundations and implementation of the key methods of negative ion production and control, such as charge exchange, thermionic emission, plasma volume, secondary emission (sputtering) and surface-plasma sources, as well as the history of their development. Following on from this essential foundational material, the book goes on to explore transport of negative ion beams, and beam-plasma instabilities. Now in its second edition, the book has been substantially expanded and updated to address the many developments since it was first published, most importantly the development and investigation of cesiated surfaces with work function ~1.2-1.3 eV in conditions close to discharges in surface plasma sources. The book also includes a new chapter on development of conversion targets for high-energy neutral beam injectors, covering gas targets, plasma targets and photon targets for efficient conversion of high energy negative ion beams to neutral beams.With exposition accessible at the graduate level, and a comprehensive bibliography, this book will appeal to all students and researchers whose work concerns ion sources and their applications to accelerators, beam physics, storage rings, cyclotrons, and plasma traps.
Development and Characterization of a Dispersion-Encoded Method for Low-Coherence Interferometry
by Christopher TaudtThis Open Access book discusses an extension to low-coherence interferometry by dispersion-encoding. The approach is theoretically designed and implemented for applications such as surface profilometry, polymeric cross-linking estimation and the determination of thin-film layer thicknesses. During a characterization, it was shown that an axial measurement range of 79.91 µm with an axial resolution of 0.1 nm is achievable. Simultaneously, profiles of up to 1.5 mm in length were obtained in a scan-free manner. This marked a significant improvement in relation to the state-of-the-art in terms of dynamic range. Also, the axial and lateral measurement range were decoupled partially while functional parameters such as surface roughness were estimated. The characterization of the degree of polymeric cross-linking was performed as a function of the refractive index. It was acquired in a spatially-resolved manner with a resolution of 3.36 x 10-5. This was achieved by the development of a novel mathematical analysis approach.
Development and Evaluation of Drugs: From Laboratory through Licensure to Market
by Cheng-Hsiung Lu Lucia H. Lee Chi Jen LeeSince its initial publication in 1993, Development and Evaluation of Drugs from Laboratory through Licensure to Market has been used as a textbook and reference for scientists in biomedical research, industry, and regulatory agencies. Updated and expanded, this second edition examines recent advances in scientific and regulatory approaches as well
Development and Quantification of Sustainability Indicators (Environmental Footprints And Eco-design Of Products And Processes)
by Subramanian Senthilkannan MuthuThis book highlights various methods for quantifying sustainability indicators using different indices. To date, numerous sustainability indicators encompassing either all three pillars (economic, environmental and social) or individual or joint indicators (e.g. environmental and social) have been developed and quantified. In addition to commonly developed indicators, which can be utilized for any industrial sector, sector-specific sustainability indicators are frequently used. Behind each indicator developed, there is a unique scientific model, method or assessment technique. This book explores and elaborates on such indicators, and on associated details such as the concept, development methodology, assessment technique, and applications of each indicator.
Development and Reproduction in Humans and Animal Model Species
by Monika Hassel Werner A. Mueller Maura GrealyThis book describes human development including sexual reproduction and stem cell research with the development of model organisms that are accessible to genetic and experimental analysis in readily understandable texts and 315 multi-colored graphics. The introductory account of model organisms selected from the entire animal kingdom presents general principles, which are then outlined in subsequent chapters devoted to, for example, sexual development; genes controlling development and their contemporary molecular-analysis methods; production of clones and transgenic animals; development of the nervous and circulatory systems; regenerative medicine and ageing. Finally the evolution of developmental toolkits and novelties is discussed including the genetic basis of the enlargement of the human forebrain. Separate boxes are devoted to controversial questions such as the benefits and problems of prenatal diagnostics or the construction of ancient body plans.
Development and Testing of Hand Exoskeletons (Springer Theses)
by Matteo BianchiThis book describes the development of portable, wearable, and highly customizable hand exoskeletons to aid patients suffering from hand disabilities. It presents an original approach for the design of human hand motion assistance devices that relies on (i) an optimization-based kinematic scaling procedure, which guarantees a significant adaptability to the user’s hands motion, and (ii) a topology optimization-based design methodology, which allowed the design of a lightweight, comfortable device with a high level of performance. The book covers the whole process of hand exoskeleton development, from establishing a new design strategy, to the construction and testing of hand exoskeleton prototypes, using additive manufacturing techniques. As such, it offers timely information to both researchers and engineers developing human motion assistance systems, especially wearable ones.