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Detection and Typing Strategies for Pathogenic Escherichia coli
by Lucia Rivas Glen E. Mellor Kari Gobius Narelle FeganThis Brief will review the methods that are currently available for the detection, isolation, and typing of pathogenic E. coli with a particular focus on foodborne diseases caused by the Shiga toxigenic E. coli group, which have been implicated in a number of significant outbreaks in recent years. Pathogenic forms of E. coli can cause a variety of diarrheal diseases in hosts due to the presence of specific colonization and virulence factors, and pathogenicity-associated genes, which are generally not present in other E. coli. Six pathotypes of pathogenic E. coli are recognized (Shiga toxigenic E. coli, Enteropathogenic E. coli, Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Enteroinvasive E. coli, Enteroaggregative E. coli and Diffusely Adherent E. coli) and certain strains among these groups are major public health concerns due to the severity of disease that they can cause. Methods to detect and isolate these pathogens from a variety of sources are constantly evolving. In addition, the accumulation of knowledge on these pathogens allows for improved intervention strategies.
Detection Avoidance in Homicide: Debates, Explanations and Responses (Routledge Studies in Criminal Behaviour)
by Claire FergusonDetection Avoidance in Homicides: Debates, Explanations and Responses presents theory and research on how offenders avoid detection and the challenges and opportunities these efforts pose to investigators. From a scholarly perspective, the book presents a continuing history of research on detection avoidance by offenders, discusses the features of complex death investigations involving detection avoidance, and critiques the current frameworks used for conceptualizing these behaviors. Dr. Ferguson focuses on the key debates in the literature, argues for collaborations between researchers and practitioners to remedy siloing, and explores the reality of detection avoidance in homicides as complex and multifaceted. While detection avoidance behaviors have the potential to negatively impact sudden death investigations and frustrate criminal investigations specifically, their use also creates broader problems. These include many problematic effects on family members of the deceased, police officers, police agencies and the communities they serve. Offenders choosing to use detection avoidance behaviors challenges the efficient use of public resources, puts at risk the successful adjudication of homicides, and creates a public safety issue. The book explains detection avoidance using learning, situational, individual and gender-based theories, including proposing whether it may be a form of coercive control used by intimate partner abusers. Finally, how detection avoidance by offenders is recognized and responded to in sudden death investigations is addressed, with specific reference to useful examples of policy reform implemented by various police agencies internationally. Providing research and theory to explain detection avoidance and best practice for responding to it, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of criminology, forensic science and psychology. It will also be useful to professionals working with homicide offenders.
Detection, Diagnosis and Management of Soil-borne Phytopathogens
by Udai B. Singh Ravindra Kumar Harikesh Bahadur SinghThis edited book provides an overview of omics technologies and methods for integration across multiple omics layers used in the plant disease diagnosis and developing management strategies. The book concentrates on the prevalence of soil-borne disease management in various important crops with use of different strategies, including host resistance and biological control etc. The special focus is on the resolving practical problems encountered after the resistance development in the pathogens against several chemical pesticides. Further, special attention is given to the emergence of new diseases or the re-emergence of old ones on several crops, and on the results and problems encountered by using microbial inoculants, biofumigation and other non-chemical control methods. This book has 18 contributory chapters from the eminent experts in the field of plant pathology, microbiology and biotechnology working on different aspects of soil-borne diseases of important agricultural crops. This edited volume is of interest and useful to researchers in plant pathology, agriculture sciences, plant genomics ecology, policy makers, also it is a valuable source of reference to the relevant researchers and students globally.
Detection Efficiency and Bandwidth Optimized Electro-Optic Sampling of Mid-Infrared Waves (Springer Theses)
by Christina HoferThis thesis investigates the detection efficiency of field-resolved measurements of ultrashort mid-infrared waves via electro-optic sampling for the first time. Employing high-power gate pulses and phase-matched upconversion in thick nonlinear crystals, unprecedented efficiencies are achieved for octave-spanning fields in this wavelength range. In combination with state-of-the art, high-power, ultrashort mid-infrared sources, this allows to demonstrate a new regime of linear detection dynamic range for field strengths from mV/cm to MV/cm-levels. These results crucially contribute to the development of field-resolved spectrometers for early disease detection, as fundamental vibrational modes of (bio-)molecules lie in the investigated spectral range.The results are discussed and compared with previous sensitivity records for electric-field measurements and reference is made to related implementations of the described characterization technique. Including a detailed theoretical description and simulation results, the work elucidates crucial scaling laws, characteristics and limitations. The thesis will thus serve as an educational introduction to the topic of field-resolved measurements using electro-optic sampling, giving detailed instructions on simulations and experimental implementations. At the same time, it showcases the state-of-the-art in terms of detection sensitivity for characterizing mid-infrared waves.
Detection of Biological Agents for the Prevention of Bioterrorism
by Joseph BanoubThe threat of biological and chemical terrorism has driven the demand for timely techniques that can quickly detect the agent or agents used in an attack. The detection and/or prevention of these potential security threats provide significant scientific and technical challenges due to the combination of possible agents and modes of delivery available. This book will present a thorough look at the importance and technological challenges of mass spectrometry (MS) for the detection & identification of biological and chemical threats. This new contribution's general aims are to draw the attention of recognized practitioners, experts and graduate students trying to grasp the latest MS developments in the cutting-edge fields of MS-biodefense technologies for the rapid/early/specific sensitive threat detection of pathogens, viruses, explosives, mycotoxins, chemical agents, and biological markers of xenobiotic chemicals.
Detection of Cell Death Mechanisms: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2255)
by Ayesha B. Alvero Gil G. MorThis volume provides detailed protocols for the performance, analysis, and troubleshooting of in vitro and in vivo experiments related to programmed cell death. Chapters compile conventional techniques such as western blot and qPCR and state-of-the art transmission electron microscopy and real-time multiplexed imaging assays. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, application details for both the expert and non-expert reader, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, Detection of Cell Death Mechanisms: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure seamless execution of protocols on specific cell death type.
Detection of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Agents for the Prevention of Terrorism
by Joseph BanoubThis NATO-ASI installment is designed to provide an advanced overview for doctoral and post-doctoral candidates of the state-of-the-art technologies for bio-detection. The main objective of the work aims at providing readers with the latest developments necessary to successfully understand the CBRN Agents and their associated biotechnologies. The core methods focused on are mass spectrometry (including chromatographic and electrophoretic separation) and comparisons to spectroscopic, immunological and molecular analysis of chemical, biological and nuclear agents.
Detection of Fetal Abnormalities Based on Three Dimensional Nuchal Translucency
by Khin Wee Lai Eko SupriyantoUltrasound (US) prenatal screening has been proposed as the most effective technique for Trisomy 21 early assessment. Assessment of Nuchal Translucency (NT) offers promising non-invasive method for fetal abnormalities detection up to 75%. Nevertheless, current clinician practice of NT examination by locating the sonogram calipers on 2D US image requires highly trained and competent operators by adhering to a standard tedious protocol; therefore it is prone to errors and hence it decreases the reliability in intra- and inter-observer repeatability. This Brief provides the basic knowledge regarding Trisomy 21 diseases and its existing detection methods. The restrictions and disadvantages of each method are discussed accordingly. Therefore, a non-invasive early detection method using 3D ultrasound reconstruction of Nuchal Translucency is introduced. This new method for 3D NT assessments has an edge over the previous 2D methods, and entails the composite function in visualizing the explicit internal marker structure. Further, image processing techniques covered from data acquisition, pre-processing, speckle noise reduction and 3D segmentation are also discussed. This should be especially useful for students and professional researchers in the Biomedical and image processing fields.
Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment: 15th International Conference, DIMVA 2018, Saclay, France, June 28–29, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10885)
by Cristiano Giuffrida Sébastien Bardin Gregory BlancThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment, DIMVA 2018, held in Saclay, France, in June 2018. The 17 revised full papers and 1 short paper included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 59 submissions. They present topics such as malware analysis; mobile and embedded security; attacks; detection and containment; web and browser security; and reverse engineering.
Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment: 20th International Conference, DIMVA 2023, Hamburg, Germany, July 12–14, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13959)
by Daniel Gruss Federico Maggi Mathias Fischer Michele CarminatiThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment, DIMVA 2023, held in Hamburg, Germany, in July 2023. The 12 full papers and 1 short paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions. The papers are organized in thematical sections named: Side Channels Attacks; Security and Machine Learning; Cyber Physical System Security; Security Issues when Dealing with Users; Analysis of Vulnerable Code; Flow Integrity and Security.
Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment: 21st International Conference, DIMVA 2024, Lausanne, Switzerland, July 17–19, 2024, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14828)
by Federico Maggi Mathias Payer Michele Carminati Manuel EgeleThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment, DIMVA 2024, held in Lausanne, Switzerland, during July 17–19, 2024. The 22 full papers and 6 short paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 110 submissions. The papers are organized in thematical sections named: vulnerability detection and defense; malware and threats; mobile and web application security; AI for security; hardware and firmware security; cyber physical systems and IoT.
Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment: 17th International Conference, DIMVA 2020, Lisbon, Portugal, June 24–26, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12223)
by Clémentine Maurice Leyla Bilge Gianluca Stringhini Nuno NevesThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment, DIMVA 2020, held in Lisbon, Portugal, in June 2020.* The 13 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. The contributions were organized in topical sections named: vulnerability discovery and analysis; attacks; web security; and detection and containment. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Detection of Light
by George H. RiekeThe invention and development of advanced methods to detect light underlies much of modern technology. This fully updated and restructured third edition is unique amongst the literature, providing a comprehensive, uniform discussion of a broad range of detection approaches. The material is accessible to a broad range of readers rather than just highly trained specialists, beginning with first principles and developing the relevant physics as it goes. The book emphasizes physical understanding of detector operation, without being a catalog of current examples. It is self-contained but also provides a bridge to more specialized works on specific approaches; each chapter points readers toward the relevant literature. This will provide a broad and lasting understanding of the methods for detecting light that underpin so much of our technology. The book is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and will provide a valuable reference for professionals across physics and engineering disciplines.
Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation
by Arthur MacNeill Horton Cecil R. ReynoldsExpanding both the conceptual and clinical knowledge base on the subject, the Third Edition of Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation offers the latest detection tools and techniques for veteran and novice alike. Increased public awareness of traumatic brain injuries has fueled a number of significant developments: on the one hand, more funding and more research related to these injuries and their resulting deficits; on the other, the possibility of higher stakes in personal injury suits—and more reasons for individuals to feign injury.As in its earlier editions, this practical revision demonstrates how to combine clinical expertise, carefully-gathered data, and the use of actuarial models as well as common sense in making sound evaluations and reducing ambiguous results. The book navigates the reader through the many caveats that come with the job, beginning with the scenario that an individual may be malingering despite having an actual brain injury. Among the updated features:Specific chapters on malingering on the Word Memory Test (WMT), Test of Malingered Memory (TOMM) MMPI-2, MMPI-RF and MMPI-3;Detailed information regarding performance on performance validity tests in the domain of executive functioning and memory, Guidelines for explaining performance and symptom validity testing to the trier of fact;Chapters on mild TBI in children in head injury litigation, cultural concerns and ethical issues in the context of head injury litigation.
Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation
by Arthur Macneill Horton Jr. Cecil R. ReynoldsIncreased public awareness of traumatic brain injuries has fueled a number of significant developments: on the one hand, more funding and more research related to these injuries and their resulting deficits; on the other, the possibility of higher stakes in personal injury suits--and more reasons for individuals to feign injury. Expanding both the conceptual and clinical knowledge base on the subject, the Second Edition of Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation offers the latest detection tools and techniques for veteran and novice alike. As in its initial incarnation, this practical revision demonstrates how to combine clinical expertise, carefully-gathered data, and the use of actuarial models as well as common sense in making sound evaluations and reducing ambiguous results. And, the book navigates the reader through the many caveats that come with the job, beginning with the scenario that an individual may be malingering despite having an actual brain injury. Among the updated features: *Specific chapters on malingering on the Halstead-Reitan, Luria-Nebraska, and MMPI-2. *A framework for distinguishing genuine from factitious PTSD in head injury cases. *Detailed information regarding performance on the WMT, MSVT, and NV-MSVT by children with developmental disabilities. *Guidelines for explaining symptom validity testing to the trier of fact. *Entirely new chapters on mild TBI and on malingering of PTSD symptoms in the context of TBI litigation. Professional neuropsychologists and forensic psychologists will appreciate this new edition of Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation as an invaluable source of refinements to their craft, and improvement as an expert witness.
Detection of Melt Ponds on Arctic Sea Ice with Optical Satellite Data
by Anja RöselThe Arctic sea ice is characterized by profound changes caused by surface melting processes and the formation of melt ponds in summer. Melt ponds contribute to the ice-albedo feedback as they reduce the surface albedo of sea ice, and hence accelerate the decay of Arctic sea ice. To quantify the melting of the entire Arctic sea ice, satellite based observations are necessary. Due to different spectral properties of snow, ice, and water, theoretically, multi-spectral optical sensors are necessary for the analysis of these distinct surface types. This study demonstrates the potential of optical sensors to detect melt ponds on Arctic sea ice. For the first time, an Arctic-wide, multi-annual melt pond data set for the years 2000-2011 has been created and analyzed.
Detection of Non-Amplified Genomic DNA
by Roberto Corradini Giuseppe SpotoThis book offers an overview of state-of-the-art in non amplified DNA detection methods and provides chemists, biochemists, biotechnologists and material scientists with an introduction to these methods. In fact all these fields have dedicated resources to the problem of nucleic acid detection, each contributing with their own specific methods and concepts. This book will explain the basic principles of the different non amplified DNA detection methods available, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Non-amplified DNA detection can be achieved by adopting different techniques. Such techniques have allowed the commercialization of innovative platforms for DNA detection that are expected to break into the DNA diagnostics market. The enhanced sensitivity required for the detection of non amplified genomic DNA has prompted new strategies that can achieve ultrasensitivity by combining specific materials with specific detection tools. Advanced materials play multiple roles in ultrasensitive detection. Optical and electrochemical detection tools are among the most widely investigated to analyze non amplified nucleic acids. Biosensors based on piezoelectric crystal have been also used to detect unamplified genomic DNA. The main scientific topics related to DNA diagnostics are discussed by an outstanding set of authors with proven experience in this field.
Detection of Optical Signals (Series in Optics and Optoelectronics)
by Antoni Rogalski Zbigniew BieleckiDetection of Optical Signals provides a comprehensive overview of important technologies for photon detection, from the X-ray through ultraviolet, visible, infrared to far-infrared spectral regions. It uniquely combines perspectives from many disciplines, particularly within physics and electronics, which are necessary to have a complete understanding of optical receivers.This interdisciplinary textbook aims to: Guide readers into more detailed and technical treatments of readout optical signals Give a broad overview of optical signal detection including terahertz region and two-dimensional material Help readers further their studies by offering chapter-end problems and recommended reading. This is an invaluable resource for graduate students in physics and engineering, as well as a helpful refresher for those already working with aerospace sensors and systems, remote sensing, thermal imaging, military imaging, optical telecommunications, infrared spectroscopy, and light detection.
Detection of Plant Viruses: Advanced Techniques (Springer Protocols Handbooks)
by Aflaq Hamid Gowhar Ali Asif Shikari Shabir Hussain Wani Sahar Saleem Sumiah WaniThis volume provides researchers and students with an introduction to the identification and transmission of plant viruses as well as providing them with practical methodologies that demonstrate the detection of plant viruses through immunological and molecular methods. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Detection of Plant Viruses: Advanced Techniques aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Detection of Trapped Antihydrogen
by Richard HydomakoIn 2010, the ALPHA collaboration achieved a first for mankind: the stable, long-term storage of atomic antimatter, a project carried out a the Antiproton Decelerator facility at CERN. A crucial element of this observation was a dedicated silicon vertexing detector used to identify and analyze antihydrogen annihilations. This thesis reports the methods used to reconstruct the annihilation location. Specifically, the methods used to identify and extrapolate charged particle tracks and estimate the originating annihilation location are outlined. Finally, the experimental results demonstrating the first-ever magnetic confinement of antihydrogen atoms are presented. These results rely heavily on the silicon detector, and as such, the role of the annihilation vertex reconstruction is emphasized.
Detection-Oriented Derivatization Techniques in Liquid Chromatography
by Henk Lingeman Willy J. UnderbergThis book covers the principles, kinetics, and applications of derivatization reactions in liquid chromatography. It emphasizes detection-oriented derivatization procedures that can be used to enhance to detectability of a wide variety of solutes using absorbance and fluorescence detection.
Detection Technologies for Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Vapors
by Yin Sun Kwok Y. OngWhile it is not possible to predict � or necessarily prevent � terrorist incidents in which chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) are deployed, correctly chosen, fast, and reliable detection equipment will allow prepared rescue workers to respond quickly and minimize potential casualties. Detection Technologies
The Detective's Handbook
by Cliff Roberson John A. EternoThe Detective‘s Handbook details the vital information law enforcement officers need to know to become better detectives. Since all essential aspects of detective work cannot be covered in a single volume, the editors have selected 20 of the most critical issues detectives face in their day-to-day work and present them in separate chapters.Using a
Detectors in Particle Physics: A Modern Introduction
by Georg Viehhauser Tony WeidbergThis textbook provides an accessible yet comprehensive introduction to detectors in particle physics. It emphasises the core physics principles, enabling a deeper understanding of the subject for further and more advanced studies. In addition to the discussion of the underlying detector physics, another aspiration of this book is to introduce the reader to practically important aspects of particle detectors, like electronics, alignment, calibration and simulation of particle detectors. Case studies of the various applications of detectors in particle physics are provided.The primary audience is graduate students in particle or nuclear physics, in addition to advanced undergraduate students in physics.Key Features: Provides an accessible yet thorough discussion of the basic physics principles needed to understand how particle detectors work. Presents applications of the basic physics concepts to examples of modern detectors. Discusses practically important aspects like electronics, alignment, calibration and simulation of particle detectors. Contains exercises for each chapter to further understanding. For more information and errata please see the authors companion webpage https://ppdetectors.web.ox.ac.uk/This webpage also allows instructors to request a copy of the solutions manual. This eBook was published Open Access with funding support from the Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics (SCOAP3).
Detectors, Reference Frames, and Time (Springer Theses)
by Alexander R. SmithThis thesis uses the tools of quantum information science to uncover fascinating new insights about the intersection of quantum theory and relativity. It is divided into three self-contained parts, the first of which employs detector models to investigate how the information content of quantum fields depends on spacetime curvature and global spacetime topology. The behavior of Unruh-DeWitt detectors on curved spacetimes are investigated, following which these detectors are used to probe the vacuum state of a scalar field in various topologies. This leads to a generalization of the entanglement harvesting protocol involving detectors in arbitrary curved spacetimes admitting a Wightman function. The second part extends the theory of quantum reference frames to those associated with noncompact groups. Motivated by the pursuit of a relational relativistic quantum theory where the group of reference frames is the Poincaré group, the author then generalizes a communication protocol between two parties lacking a common reference frame to the scenario where the group of transformations of their reference frame is a one-dimensional noncompact Lie group. Finally, the third part, inspired by theories of quantum gravity, generalizes the conditional probability interpretation of time, a proposed mechanism for time to emerge from a fundamentally timeless Universe. While the conditional probability interpretation of time is based upon conditioning a solution to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation on a subsystem of the universe that acts a clock, the author extends this approach to include an interaction between the system being used as a clock and a system whose evolution the clock is tracking.