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Development of Coherent Detector Technologies for Sub-Millimetre Wave Astronomy Observations
by Boon-Kok TanThe thesis describes the development of receiver technologies for sub-millimetre astronomy instruments, focusing on high performance coherent cryogenic detectors operating close to the superconductor gap frequency. The mixer chip which comprises the SIS devices, fed by a unilateral finline and matching planar circuits was fabricated on 15 micron silicon substrate using the recently developed Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) technology. This offered broadband IF and RF performance, with fully integrated on-chip planar circuits resulting in an easily reproducible mixer chip and a simple mixer block. An important consequence of this design is that it can be extended to the supra-THz region and making the fabrication of multi-pixel heterodyne arrays feasible. The extension of the operation of major telescopes such as ALMA, APEX and the GLT from single pixel to large format arrays is the subject of extensive research at present time since it will allow fast mapping combined with high resolution of the submillimetre sky. The technology described in this thesis makes a major contribution to this effort.
The Development of Evolutionary Genetics: From Early Ideas on Evolution to the Modern Synthesis
by Prakash GorroochurnThe books describes the historical development of evolutionary genetics, starting from early ideas on evolution and ending with the modern synthesis. It provides an extensive coverage of the history of both evolution and heredity, and gives detailed descriptions of the works of Lamarck, Darwin, Mendel, Näageli, Weismann, de Vries, Galton, Pearson, Bateson, Johannsen, Morgan, Fisher, Wright and Haldane, amongst many others. The book does not deal only with a description of historical work: it also analyses and critiques existing theories and evolutionary beliefs throughout history, and discusses several controversies between biologists.
Development of Implantable Electronics as Novel Approaches to Obstructive Sleep Apnea (Springer Theses)
by Jungmin SeoThis book addresses novel methods to treat a very popular disease, obstructive sleep apnea, based on a knowledge of an electrical engineering. Two approaches are given in the book using an upper-airway stimulation based on the pathogenesis of an obstructive sleep apnea. Implantable electronics are devised to control the tongue and the soft palate considering that they are the major pharyngeal muscles contributing to the apnea. First, for tongue control, a cuff electrode was designed and fabricated to stimulate the hypoglossal nerve, which innervates to the tongue muscle. Rare-earth magnets were embedded in the cuff for easy and repeatable installation of the electrode. For soft palate control, a palatal implant system was firstly developed to contract the soft palate muscle by applying electrical stimuli. Comprised of an implant, an intra-oral device, and an external controller, the palatal implant system is fully powered and controlled by means of wireless communication. The approaches were demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo assessments, in collaboration with department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital.
Development of In-Tether Carbon Chiral Center-Induced Helical Peptide: Methodology and Applications (Springer Theses)
by Kuan HuThis book focuses on the development of stapled peptides, a novel molecular modality used to regulate aberrant intracellular protein–protein interactions (PPIs). The author designs and presents a novel helical peptide stabilization methodology by constructing a chiral cross-linker moiety, namely “chiral center induced peptide helicity (CIH)”. The book demonstrates that a precisely positioned carbon chiral center on tether can decisively determine the secondary structure of a peptide, and that the R-configured peptide is helical, while the S-configured peptide is non-helical. Further, it reports that helicity-enhanced R isomer peptides displayed significantly enhanced cell permeability and target binding affinity, as well as tumor inhibition efficiency, in comparison to S isomer peptides. The book will not only advance readers’ understanding of the basic principle of stapled peptides, but also accelerate the clinical transformation of stapled peptide drugs.
Development of Mirror-Image VHHs with Less Immunogenicity (Springer Theses)
by Keisuke AokiThis book outlines the chemical synthesis of therapeutic targets and a screening process for unexplored mirror-image single-domain antibodies (D-VHH). This book first describes the chemical synthesis of model VHH and the characteristics of both enantiomeric VHHs, including binding activity, biodistribution and immunogenicity. Immunogenicity testing in mice demonstrated that administration of conventional L-VHH induced the generation of anti-drug antibodies while D-VHH-binding antibodies were not observed in D-VHH-immunized mice. Second, it is explained that the T7-phage-based mirror-image screening system was developed to identify D-VHH antibody fragments capable of binding to vascular endothelial growth factors. Additionally, this book details the chemical synthesis of full-length hepatitis B virus core protein and interleukin-6 for the application of exploring D-VHHs and other mirror-image molecules. Demonstrating that it is possible to develop a D-VHH that preferentially binds the native target protein and exhibits reduced immunogenicity, this book is useful for anyone interested in developing alternative biotherapeutics with reduced immunogenicity by combining chemical and biological approaches.
Development of New Catalytic Performance of Nanoporous Metals for Organic Reactions
by Mei YanIn this thesis, the focus is on the study of new catalytic properties of unsupported nanoporous metals in heterogeneous organic reactions under liquid-phase conditions. The author was the first to fabricate nanoporous copper with tunable nanoporosity and apply it for organic reactions. The catalyst can be reused up to ten times without loss of catalytic activity. In addition, the author developed the highly selective semihydrogenation of alkynes using nanoporous gold as a catalyst for the first time, affording Z-alkenes in 100% selectivity, which cannot be realized by traditional catalysts. All of the results described here will help readers to develop new catalytic performance of nanoporous metals for organic reactions.
Development of New Radical Cascades and Multi-Component Reactions
by Marie-Helene LarraufieIn this dissertation, Marie-Hélène Larraufie develops original radical and pallado-catalyzed methodologies to enable the synthesis of several classes of bioactive nitrogen-containing heterocycles. New radical cascades employing the N-acylcyanamide moiety offer straightforward routes to quinazolinones and guanidines, as well as new insights into the mechanism of homolytic aromatic substitutions. In parallel, Larraufie expands the scope of visible light photoredox catalysis to the ring opening of epoxides and aziridines, thus providing new sustainable alternatives for the generation of radicals. Furthermore, in a collaborative effort with the Catellani group, the author investigates dual palladium/norbornene catalysis. First, she develops a C-amination coupling variant of the Catellani reaction with unprotected amines which provides an expeditious route to phenanthridines. Then, she examines the influence of the chelating effect on Pd(IV) intermediates reactivity with the help of experimental studies and DFT calculations. The work in this thesis has resulted in numerous publications in high impact journals. The clarity and depth of the experimental section will be useful for students and researchers working in this field.
Development of Novel Bioelectrochemical Membrane Separation Technologies for Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery (Springer Theses)
by Yunkun WangThe most commonly used biological wastewater treatment technologies still have serious technical-economical and sustainability-related limitations, due to their high energy requirements, poor effluent quality, and lack of energy and resource recovery processes. In this thesis, novel electrochemical membrane bioreactors (EMBRs), which take advantage of membrane separation and bioelectrochemical techniques, are developed for wastewater treatment and the simultaneous recovery of energy and resources. Above all, this innovative system holds great promise for the efficient wastewater treatment and energy recovery. It can potentially recover net energy from wastewater while at the same time harvesting high-quality effluent. The book also provides a proof-of-concept study showing that electrochemical control might offer a promising in-situ means of suppressing membrane fouling. Lastly, by integrating electrodialysis into EMBRs, phosphate separation and recovery are achieved. Hence, these new EMBR techniques provide viable alternatives for sustainable wastewater treatment and resource recovery.
Development of Novel Hydrogen-Bond Donor Catalysts
by Tsubasa InokumaThis work describes novel, effective hydrogen-bond (HB) donor catalysts based on a known bifunctional tertiary amine-thiourea, a privileged structure, which has been proven to be one of the most widely used organocatalysts. These HB donor catalysts derived from quinazoline and benzothiadiazine were initially synthesized as novel HB donors with their HB-donating abilities being measured by analytical methods. They were found to be effective for a variety of asymmetric transformations including Michael reactions of a, b-unsaturated imides and hydrazination reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Thiourea catalysts that have an additional functional group are also described. Specifically, thioureas that bear a hydroxyl group were synthesized and subsequently used as novel bifunctional organocatalysts for catalytic, asymmetric Petasis-type reactions involving organoboronic acids as nucleophiles. These addition reactions were difficult to achieve using existing organocatalysts. One of the developed catalytic methods can be applied to the synthesis of biologically interesting peptide-derived compounds possessing unnatural vinyl glycine moieties. These findings introduce new criteria required for the development of organocatalysts for asymmetric reactions, thus making a significant contribution to the field of organocatalysis.
Development of Novel Stability Indicating Methods Using Liquid Chromatography
by Mukesh Maithani Parveen BansalReversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) has become the most widely used method for pharmaceutical analysis, as it ensures accuracy, specificity and reproducibility for the quantification of drugs, while avoiding interference from any of the excipients that are normally present in pharmaceutical dosage forms. This book presents a simple methodology for developing stability-indicating methods and offers a ‘how-to guide’ to creating novel stability-indicating methods using liquid chromatography. It provides the detailed information needed to devise a stability-indicating method for drug substances and drug products that comply with international regulatory guidelines. As such, it is a must-read for anyone engaged in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry: professionals at reference, test, and control laboratories; students and academics at research laboratories, and scientists working for chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology companies.
Development of The Ocular Lens
by Frank J. Lovicu Michael L. RobinsonThis book provides a comprehensive view of research in lens developmental biology, emphasising technical and molecular breakthroughs. Elucidation of the mechanisms that govern lens development has enabled us to understand how the normal lens forms and how developmental processes are involved in the maintenance of its normal structure, function and growth throughout life. This knowledge is fundamental to our understanding of many lens disorders. The ocular lens has also become a model for understanding the developmental biology of more complex organ systems. In this 2004 book, leading experts in lens cell biology and development discuss lens evolution, induction, morphology, the regulation of the lens cell cycle and fiber cell differentiation, as well as lens regeneration. This book is an authoritative treatment of the subject that will serve as a reference for graduate students and research scientists in developmental biology and in the visual sciences, as well as for ophthalmologists.
Development of Redox Mediators for High-Energy-Density and High-Efficiency Lithium-Oxygen Batteries (Springer Theses)
by Youngmin KoThis thesis addresses the introduction of redox mediator into lithium-oxygen batteries to improve their electrochemical performance especially in terms of practical energy density and round-trip efficiency. In chapter 1, basic electrochemistry regarding lithium-oxygen batteries and redox mediators are introduced. In chapter 2 to 4, comprehensive researches including the discovery of a new redox mediator inspired by biological system, the investigation on kinetic property of redox mediator, and the prevention of shuttle phenomenon are introduced, followed by chapter 5 summarizing the contents. This thesis is targeted to students and researchers interested in electrochemistry and energy storage systems.
The Development of Science and Technology in Iran
by Abdol S. Soofi Mehdi GoodarziThis book examines the policies, conducts, and performances of organizations tasked with developing medium and high technologies in Iran. This collection assists readers in understanding the interaction between different players involve in the process of Iran's science, technology, and innovation development in specific technology areas over the last two decades. Chapters from expert contributors are organized into three themed parts: science and technology policy formulation and implementation, outcomes, and evaluation, including recommendations for further development of technological learning in Iran.
Development of Science Teachers' TPACK
by Ying-Shao HsuScience is a subject matter that requires learners to explore the world and develop their own abilities on the basis of that exploration. As technology broadens and deepens, science teachers need to expand their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), which determines how well they use technology to help students learn science. The book details our efforts to prepare science teachers to teach with the help of technology, examining various aspects of teacher education, professional development and teaching material preparation. It consists of three parts, which focus on: how TPACK is conceptually constructed within the field of science education, how teacher evaluation and teaching materials are developed and utilized based on the transformative model and how science teachers are prepared and supported with electronic resources based on the integrative model. The book offers a valuable resource for all those working in science education, as well as those readers who are interested in teacher education. Science teachers will come to know how simulations and animations can pedagogically support student learning. Practices for teachers' TPACK development such as learning-by-design, evaluation and measurement and teacher communities are also addressed, applied and discussed in the case of science teachers. The individual chapters will provide teacher educators and researchers from all disciplines with new insights into preparing teachers for the Digital Era.
Development of Selective DNA-Interacting Ligands: Understanding the Function of Non-canonical DNA Structures (Springer Theses)
by Sefan AsamitsuThis book addresses the development of both DNA-sequence-selective and DNA-form-selective ligands, with the aim of creating potential molecular probes and therapeutic agents for non-canonical DNA structure-caused human diseases. Over the past two decades, the structural diversity of DNA forms has been proven to have profound implications in various biological, neurological, and pharmacological events. In response, researchers have since made tremendous efforts to obtain highly active drugs interacting with disease-related non-canonical DNA structures. These drugs, however, have not yet been approved for clinical use. One obstacle impeding their clinical application has to do with selectivity. This book focuses on secondary DNA structures formed by trinucleotide repeat sequences (“hairpin form”) or guanine-rich sequences (“G-quadruplex form”), both of which are pathological molecules for neurodegenerative diseases and/or cancer. Most importantly, it contends that a particular secondary structure of DNA in the context of the human genome can be targeted with a minimal affinity to other DNA structures by means ofcareful and rational ligand design. This approach opens an avenue to the development of highly selective drugs or diagnostic chemical tools for human diseases. Readers who want to know how synthetic ligands can be designed to selectively target a certain DNA molecule will find this book highly informative.
Development of Sensory and Neurosecretory Cell Types: Vertebrate Cranial Placodes, volume 1 (Evolutionary Cell Biology)
by Gerhard SchlosserMost of the cranial sense organs of vertebrates arise from embryonic structures known as cranial placodes. Such placodes also give rise to sensory neurons that transmit information to the brain as well as to many neurosecretory cells. This book focuses on the development of sensory and neurosecretory cell types from cranial placodes by introducing the vertebrate head with its sense organs and neurosecretory organs and providing an overview of the various cranial placodes and their derivatives, including evidence of common embryonic primordia. Schlosser discusses how these primordia are established in the early embryo and how individual placodes develop. The latter chapters explain how various placodally derived sensory and neurosecretory cell types differentiate into discrete structures.
Development of Smart Context-Aware Services for Cargo Transportation: An Operational Management Approach (International Series in Operations Research & Management Science #330)
by Dalė Dzemydienė Aurelija Burinskienė Kristina Čižiūnienė Arūnas MiliauskasWith a focus on cargo transportation, this book addresses the development of approaches intended to secure an infrastructure of smart services to support the adaptive implementation of online multi-modal freight transport management processes. It discusses the development of multi-criteria decision-making components and their integration into the multi-layered computer-based information management of intelligent systems. Through detailed descriptions of various components of intelligent transport management systems, the book demonstrates how to develop the services needed in the right place and at the right time, and how to properly adapt to user needs, making necessary interventions to ensure the safety of the transportation process. Further, it describes the main ways to increase the autonomy and efficiency of user-vehicle interaction and shows how Information and Communications Technology (ICT) structural support for current and past situations in AI-based systems can help to anticipate future developments in freight transportation.
Development of Solar Cells: Theory and Experiment (Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics #32)
by Jerzy Leszczynski Supratik Kar Juganta K. RoyThis book presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concept, design, working protocols, and diverse photo-chemicals aspects of different solar cell systems with promising prospects, using computational and experimental techniques. It presents and demonstrates the art of designing and developing various solar cell systems through practical examples. Compared to most existing books in the market, which usually analyze existing solar cell approaches this volume provides a more comprehensive view on the field. Thus, it offers an in-depth discussion of the basic concepts of solar cell design and their development, leading to higher power conversion efficiencies. The book will appeal to readers who are interested in both fundamental and application-oriented research while it will also be an excellent tool for graduates, researchers, and professionals working in the field of photovoltaics and solar cell systems.
Development of Sustainable Thermal Insulators from Waste Materials: A Circular Economy Approach (Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials)
by Sarika Verma Mohd. Akram Khan A. K. SrivastavaThis book focuses on the major global waste management issues and development of thermal insulating materials by utilizing these wastes. It helps address various global issues like sustainable environment, waste to wealth, waste to resource material, advanced multifunctional material, skill development and employment generation. The book highlights the potentiality and the applicability of various wastes, such as municipal solid waste, agricultural waste, industrial waste, construction waste, textile waste, waste polystyrene, geopolymer, leather rubber waste, other miscellaneous waste to be considered as a resource and its availability and conversion technologies from waste to wealth as thermal insulating materials. It also discusses recent trends, for processing the waste to wealth as a thermally insulating material. This book is a useful guide to researchers and professionals working in the areas of energy storage, sustainable civil engineering, material science and others allied fields.
Development of Synthetic Methods for Novel Photofunctional Multinuclear Complexes: Simple Synthetic Methods for Multinuclear Complexes Using Various C-C Coupling Reactions (Springer Theses)
by Yasuomi YamazakiThis book presents several helpful synthetic methods for diverse multinuclear complexes. The results described can be used to selectively connect mononuclear as well as multinuclear complexes with other metal complexes to construct valuable photofunctional compounds. Using the new synthetic methods, it was possible to selectively connect several types of metal complexes in a single step under relatively mild reaction conditions. This so-called building block approach utilizes various C–C coupling reactions between metal complexes with functional groups as active moieties. Owing to the large pi-conjugation systems, the multinuclear complexes synthesized using coupling reactions showed a strong absorption ability over a wide range of visible light and long emission lifetimes, which are ideal properties for photosensitizers and light absorbers. By combining these coupling methods with the newly developed hydrogenation reactions, the binding mode of the linkers in multinuclear complexes can be modified in order to tune the photophysical properties and photocatalytic ability. As such, the synthesized multinuclear complexes can be used for various purposes, e.g., as photocatalysts and photosensitizers, and in light-harvesting systems. The synthetic methods and strategies presented in this book diversify not only the structures but also functions of multinuclear complexes.
The Development of the Action Principle: A Didactic History from Euler-Lagrange to Schwinger (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Walter DittrichThis book describes the historical development of the principle of stationary action from the 17th to the 20th centuries. Reference is made to the most important contributors to this topic, in particular Bernoullis, Leibniz, Euler, Lagrange and Laplace. The leading theme is how the action principle is applied to problems in classical physics such as hydrodynamics, electrodynamics and gravity, extending also to the modern formulation of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, especially quantum electrodynamics. A critical analysis of operator versus c-number field theory is given. The book contains many worked examples. In particular, the term "vacuum" is scrutinized.The book is aimed primarily at actively working researchers, graduate students and historians interested in the philosophical interpretation and evolution of physics; in particular, in understanding the action principle and its application to a wide range of natural phenomena.
The Development of the British West Indies: 1700-1763 (Routledge Revivals)
by Frank Wesley PitmanOriginally published in 1917, this book is an investigation of industrial and social conditions in the British West Indies in the effort to reach a better understandinf of the part those islands played in the growth and dissolution of the British empire, including chapters on white labor in the sugar islands, the slave trade, and foreign markets for British sugar.
The Development of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
by Anthony MartonosiSarcoplasmic reticulum is a form of endoplasmic reticulum found in large quantities in mature muscle cells. Anthony Martonosi presents general information about the development and function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum within a framework of contemporary research on the molecular biology of biosynthetic and signaling processes. Focusing on the deve
The Development of the Unconscious Mind (Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology #0)
by Allan N. SchoreAn exploration of how the unconscious is formed and functions by one of our most renowned experts on emotion and the brain. This book traces the evolution of the concept of the unconscious from an intangible, metapsychological abstraction to a psychoneurobiological function of a tangible brain. An integration of current findings in the neurobiological and developmental sciences offers a deeper understanding of the dynamic mechanisms of the unconscious. The relevance of this reformulation to clinical work is a central theme of Schore's other new book, Right Brain Psychotherapy.
The Development of Women and Young Professionals in STEM Careers: Tips and Tricks (CRC Press Focus Shortform Book Program)
by Michele Kruger Hannelie NelThis book is fluent and systematic. The authors work through the fears and ambitions of young people new to STEM careers in the professional environment. Often, there is a lack of mentors, which leaves a young STEM practitioner exposed and doubting their own abilities. This book encourages young professionals and women in STEM careers to know that they are not alone and provides insight into their ability to deal with the stress of developing into a successful professional. Features Presents a method or vehicle to fast track young professionals and women in STEM Includes key issues that they should be aware of as they grow and develop in their education and field Describes how STEM career women are owners of their own path and provides an understanding of engineering and the business of consulting Conveys how young professionals and women in STEM can be aware of their own productivity and enjoy what they do and the career path they have selected This book is ideal for those new to the engineering, science, and consulting fields, including students in science and engineering education, administrators, libraries, those involved in leadership, organization behavior, human resources, STEM, and other areas as well.