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Ecotourism, NGOs and Development: A Critical Analysis (Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility #Vol. 8)
by Jim ButcherEcotourism has emerged over the last twenty years not just as a market niche, but also as a strategy for combining development with conservation in the developing world. Ecotourism, NGOs and Development considers the basis for advocacy and argues that it is premised upon a very limited and limiting view of the potential for development. Jim Butcher examines the advocacy of tourism as sustainable development in a range of NGOs and within the general literature. The research reveals that in spite of the plethora of critical commentaries on the operation of ecotourism projects, there is generally an uncritical take on the ideological basis of the projects. This book offers a timely critique of key assumptions underlying ecotourism's status as sustainable development, arguing that ecotourism as development strategy ties the fate of some of the poorest people on the planet to localized environmental imperatives.
Ecotoxicity of Chemicals to Photobacterium Phosphoreum
by K. L. E. Kaiser J. DevillersEach volume in the series focuses on a particular taxon, presenting detailed and reliable ecotoxicological results from both laboratory and field experiments, performed for a comprehensive range of chemicals. A taxonomical guide to the species is given, together with relevant biological and ecological information.In recent times much attention has been focused on the effects of anthropogenic emissions of chemicals. This series is unique in providing a considered estimate of the potential impact of such chemicals on the environment.
Ecotoxicological Characterization of Waste
by Heidrun Moser Jörg RömbkeAccording to the European Waste List, waste must be characterized as ecotoxicologically hazardous or not. This book provides the background, organization, methods, results and recommendations regarding this specific classification and assessment of waste.
Ecotoxicological Diagnosis in the Tanning Industry
by Mwinyikione MwinyihijaThe primary focus in this book is to identify the ecotoxicological impacts related to the tanning industry on terrestrial and aquatic systems. The research incorporated both field related and laboratory based techniques in the experimental design to address the underlying environmental problems in the tanning sector. First, the study aimed to investigate the occupational hazards within a tannery caused by contaminated dust. An optical set-up involving microscopy and digital imaging techniques was initially used to determine dust particle numbers and size distributions. After determining the particulate numbers and sizes a Monte Carlo method was used to estimate the concentration of the dust in the air throughout the tannery during an 8 h working day. However knowing the particulate quantitative profile is always not sufficient to adjudge the toxic potency of the dust. In retrospect therefore the work related to the book inclined a notch higher to determine the toxic nature of the dust (in addition to particle size relation to toxicity). Therefore an ecotoxicological screening of the dust samples for the first time (using a solid and liquid assay involving the response of luminescence (lux)-based bacterial biosensor) was conducted and complemented by chemical analysis to identify possible causative toxic components. In the second phase of the study, the tannery effluent and associated environmental samples were dissected and manipulated through sparging, treatment with activated charcoal, filtration and pH adjustment. The approach used highlighted the complexiity of toxic pollutants in the effluent from the tanning industry and the potential for remediation. Third, with the tannery effluent discharged into the adjacent river system (used for domestic and agricultural purposes) a partial environmental impact study (integrating toxicity assessment, measurement of microbial biomass activity and chemical analysis) was conducted with the main objective of investigating the river health status. Finally, three specific objectives were also achieved at the end of the investigation: characterization of effluents and sediments and riverine samples, assessment of ecotoxicity and bioremediation potential of primary contaminants and input of environmental risk assessment through development of a quantitative and qualitative risk assessment model also for the first time reported for the tanning industry. This initiative was primarily for the grand purpose of establishing the ecotoxicological impact of the tanning industry using the most current developed bioassays.
Ecotoxicological QSARs (Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology)
by Kunal RoyThis volume focuses on computational modeling of the ecotoxicity of chemicals and presents applications of quantitative structure–activity relationship models (QSARs) in the predictive toxicology field in a regulatory context. The extensive book covers a variety of protocols for descriptor computation, data curation, feature selection, learning algorithms, validation of models, applicability domain assessment, confidence estimation for predictions, and much more, as well as case studies and literature reviews on a number of hot topics. Written for the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, chapters include the kind of practical advice that is essential for researchers everywhere. Authoritative and comprehensive, Ecotoxicological QSARs is an ideal source to update readers in the field with current practices and introduce to them new developments and should therefore be very useful for researchers in academia, industries, and regulatory bodies.
Ecotoxicology: Perspectives on Key Issues
by Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis Thiago Estevam ParenteThis book presents an integrated discussion on ecotoxicology, containing both general concepts and specific ecotoxicological issues of major biological groups, extending beyond conventional systems. It explores worldwide, regional, and biocompartmentalized topics, bringing forth new points of view on global issues and addressing the increasing diversity and complexity of the ecotoxicological field. It also contains novel information on emerging contaminants, presents bioaccumulation effects on different levels of ecological organization and risk analyses, and discusses novel fields of methodological applications, including key aspects in ecotoxicological and environmental monitoring studies.
Ecotoxicology and Chemistry Applications in Environmental Management (Applied Ecology and Environmental Management)
by Sven Erik JorgensenEcotoxicology and Chemistry Applications in Environmental Management describes how to set up an integrated, holistic approach to addressing ecotoxicological problems. It provides detailed explanations in answer to questions like "Why is it necessary to apply an integrated approach?" and "How does one apply an integrated environmental management approach?" Highlighted topics of the book include Environmental chemical calculations QSAR estimation methods Toxic substance interference with other environmental problems Using diagnostic ecological subdisciplines for solutions Cleaner production methods and technologies Environmental risk assessment Addressing one of the most difficult tasks today, this book provides a much-needed holistic view for translating scientific knowledge and research results into effective environmental management measures. Rooted in a seven-step method, it integrates examination and quantification of an environmental problem and describes the use of ecological diagnostic tools to develop a diagnosis for ecosystem health. It also presents methods for choosing and using solutions or combinations of solutions to tackle problems.
Ecotoxicology Modeling
by James DevillersEcotoxicology Modeling is a comprehensive and well-documented text providing a collection of computational methods to the ecotoxicologists primarily interested in the study of the adverse effects of chemicals, their mechanisms of action and/or their environmental fate and behavior. Avoiding mathematical jargon, the book presents numerous case studies to enable the reader to understand the interest but also the limitations of linear and nonlinear models in ecotoxicology. Written by an international team of scientists, Ecotoxicology Modeling is of primary interest to those whose research or professional activity is directly concerned with the development and application of models in ecotoxicology. It is also intended to provide the graduate and post-graduate students with a clear and accessible text covering the main types of modeling approaches used in environmental sciences.
The Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Macrophytes (Environmental Contamination Remediation and Management)
by Mirta L. Menone Chris D. MetcalfeThis book focuses on the topic of ecotoxicology of aquatic macrophytes and is wide ranging, including the use of macrophytes for remediation of contaminated sites. Many human activities are threats to the equilibrium of natural ecosystems. Pollution from point and non-point sources can be assessed using a variety of techniques, such as biomonitoring, biomarkers and biosensors. In aquatic ecosystems, biomonitoring of pollutants is mostly conducted by analysis of the tissues of invertebrates and fishes, and biomarker studies are also more widely applied to animals rather than in plants. Aquatic macrophytes occupy a key niche in aquatic ecosystems and provide a range of ecosystem services. In addition to their role in primary production, vegetation plays a key role in the cycling and retention of nutrients and generally acts as a sink for pollutants. Therefore, because of their importance to aquatic ecosystems, more attention should be paid to understanding the fate of pollutants and to developing methods to evaluate the health status of macrophytic plants in freshwater, marine and estuarine environments.
Ecotoxicology of Marine Organisms
by Bernardo Duarte Maria Isabel Violante CaçadorThis book presents a comprehensive review of the most recent studies on the impact of contaminants on the marine environment. Conventional and new information, as well as the latest techniques, are presented, which can be applied to several types of marine organisms from bacteria and fungi to animals and algae. Specific topics discussed include the impact of different contaminants on different organisms as well as different approaches and their outcomes in terms of impact assessment. The integration of these techniques is also discussed in order to attain sentinel species and biomarkers to be applied for assessing ecological quality and impact assessment programs and studies.
Ecotoxicology of Nanoparticles in Aquatic Systems
by Julián Blasco Ilaria CorsiThe use of nanoparticles in medicine, industrial, and other applications has triggered an interest in their potential. This book explores the use of nanoparticles related to their occurrence in the environment, their impact on biota in aquatic systems, application of new methodologies, and changes associated with new global scenarios. The book also covers the bioaccumulation and internalization of nanoparticles as key aspects to assess their uptake and discusses the methodologies for testing ENPs ecotoxicity at different trophic levels.
Ecovillage at Ithaca
by Liz WalkerA founding member describes the growth and development of the EcoVillage at Ithaca.
Ecovillages and Ecocities: Bioclimatic Applications from Tirana, Albania (The Urban Book Series)
by Klodjan XhexhiEcological and livable cities need an objective method to be examined. This book is in search of a method to determine the level of livability, ecology and energy efficiency. Ecological and sustainable cities need to properly make up for the existent weakness of the city's construction under fine ecological environment. The intention of this comparative study is an attempt to improve life quality in Tirana, Albania. It gives examples of successful strategies, e.g. bioclimatic solution through passive solar systems and the use of underground tunnels. This book is aimed at researches, professionals, architects and city planners.
The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy
by Xu KuangdiThis encyclopedia volume comprehensively reflects the basic knowledge and latest research results in the field of mining and metallurgy technology, as well as the latest characteristics of the development in this field. In this reference book, the knowledge system, basic concepts, basic theories, as well as important figures, representative works and institutions of these two engineering categories are well organized in encyclopedic entries. Among them, the content on mining engineering mainly includes mining and mineral processing theory, mining and mineral processing methods, as well as the safety and environmental knowledge involved in mining and mineral processing. In the metallurgical engineering field, it mainly covers metallurgy and metallurgy industry, ferrous metallurgy, non-ferrous metallurgy, powder metallurgy, plastic working of metal, coking chemicals, refractories, energy for metallurgy, physical chemistry of metallurgical process, etc.This is thefirst volume of a series of encyclopedias co-published by Encyclopedia of China Publishing House (ECPH), Beijing and Springer Nature.
The Ecphoras: Iconic Fossils of Eastern North America
by Edward J. Petuch David P. BerschauerIn the Miocene and Pliocene fossil shell beds of the eastern United States, the single most spectacular molluscan species radiation is seen in the ecphora shells (the Tribe Ecphorini). These bizarrely shaped gastropods, with their distinctive ribbed shell sculpture, represent a separate branch of the Subfamily Ocenebridae, Family Muricidae. Characteristically, these muricid gastropods are heavily ornamented with spiral ribs and cords and are considered some of the most beautiful and interesting groups of fossil mollusks found along the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Floridian Peninsula. The ecphoras are greatly sought after by fossil collectors. The ecphora faunas, and their individual species and subspecies, are illustrated and described in detail, along with photographs of ecphora-bearing geological units and in-situ specimens. The authors list the 67 known species and subspecies that are recognized as valid, arranged by the eight genera and five subgenera that encompass these taxa.
ECTO-NOX Proteins
by D. James Morré Dorothy M. MorréThis volume documents this unique family of cell surface proteins. Despite masquerading as intractable and difficult to clone and characterize, ENOX proteins have and continue to offer remarkable opportunities for research, commercial development and outside confirmation of therapeutic, diagnostic and new paradigms to help explain complex biological processes.
La ecuación de Dios: La búsqueda de una teoría del todo
by Michio KakuLa búsqueda del santo grial de la ciencia por el reputado físico teórico Michio Kaku. Cuando Newton formuló la ley de la gravedad, unificó las reglas que rigen los cielos y la Tierra. Hoy el mayor desafío de la física es encontrar una síntesis de las dos grandes teorías, basadas en principios matemáticos diferentes: la de la relatividad y la cuántica. Combinarlas sería el mayor logro de la ciencia, una profunda fusión de todas las fuerzas de la naturaleza en una hermosa y magnífica ecuación que nos permitiría comprender los misterios más profundos del universo: ¿qué sucedió antes del Big Bang? ¿Qué hay al otro lado de un agujero negro? ¿Existen otros universos y otras dimensiones? ¿Es posible viajar en el tiempo? Con ese objetivo, y con su conocida capacidad para divulgar conceptos complejos en un lenguaje accesible y atrayente, Michio Kaku repasa la historia de la física hasta llegar a los debates actuales en torno a la búsqueda de esa teoría unificadora, la «ecuación de Dios». Una historia cautivadora y contada de manera magistral, en la que lo que está en juego es nada menos que nuestra concepción del universo. La crítica ha dicho:«Si hay alguien capaz de desmitificar las matemáticas esotéricas y la física de la teoría de cuerdas, es Kaku. Y precisamente eso hace en este maravilloso librito, que prepara a los lectores para el próximo gran avance».The Wall Street Journal «Este libro capta la fascinante y misteriosa belleza del universo, de nuestro planeta y de nosotros mismos, y cautivará a cualquiera que reflexione sobre nuestra existencia».Booklist «Deslumbrante. La habilidad de Kaku de hacer inteligibles conceptos difíciles de concebir hace de este libro una verdadera revelación intelectual».Publishers Weekly «Convincente y accesible».Nature «Kaku escribe con un lenguaje claro y conciso. Una historia accesible y atractiva de una compleja búsqueda científica».Smithsonian Review
EDC Earth Science
by Ruth KrumhanslOur home planet is an incredible and largely unexplored place. Less is known about Earth's surface than about the surface of the Moon, or Mars. As you work your way through the chapters of this course, you'll learn things that are well understood by scientists and you'll also encounter uncertainties. You'll be challenged to support your answers with evidence, and encouraged to debate them with your classmates. At the end of this course, you should feel like you've learned many things.
Eddy-Current Nondestructive Evaluation (Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology)
by Nicola BowlerThis book covers the topic of eddy current nondestructive evaluation, the most commonly practiced method of electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation (NDE). It emphasizes a clear presentation of the concepts, laws and relationships of electricity and magnetism upon which eddy current inspection methods are founded. The chapters include material on signals obtained using many common eddy current probe types in various testing environments. Introductory mathematical and physical concepts in electromagnetism are introduced in sufficient detail and summarized in the Appendices for easy reference. Worked examples and simple calculations that can be done by hand are distributed throughout the text. These and more complex end-of-chapter examples and assignments are designed to impart a working knowledge of the connection between electromagnetic theory and the practical measurements described. The book is intended to equip readers with sufficient knowledge to optimize routine eddy current NDE inspections, or design new ones. It is useful for graduate engineers and scientists seeking a deeper understanding of electromagnetic methods of NDE than can be found in a guide for practitioners.
Eddy Currents: Theory, Modeling, and Applications
by Sheppard J. Salon M. V. Chari Lale T. Ergene David Burow Mark DeBortoliEDDY CURRENTS Understand the theory of eddy currents with this essential reference Eddy currents are electrical current loops produced when a conductor passes through a magnetic field, or is otherwise subject to a change in magnetic field direction. These currents play a significant role in many industrial processes and areas of electrical engineering. Their properties and applications are therefore a subject of significant interest for electrical engineers and other professionals. Eddy Currents: Theory, Modeling and Applications offers a comprehensive reference on eddy currents in theory and practice. It begins with an introduction to the underlying theory of eddy currents, before proceeding to both closed-form and numerical solutions, and finally describing current and future applications. The result is an essential tool for anyone whose work requires an understanding of these ubiquitous currents. Eddy Currents readers will also find: Professional insights from an author team with decades of combined experience in research and industry Detailed treatment of methods including finite difference, finite element, and integral equation techniques Over 100 computer-generated figures to illustrate key points Eddy Currents is a must-have reference for researchers and industry professionals in electrical engineering and related fields.
Edelgase: Eine Reise durch das Periodensystem (essentials)
by Hermann SiciusHermann Sicius bringt dem Leser in knapper Form alle wichtigen Informationen rund um die Edelgase nahe. Die sechs bekannten Mitglieder dieser achten Hauptgruppe, von Helium bis Radon, sind bei Raumtemperatur allesamt gasförmig, nur über den möglichen Aggregatzustand des künstlich erzeugten Ununoctiums wird noch diskutiert. Das bekannteste Einsatzgebiet für alle Edelgase mit Ausnahme des Radons ist das als Füllgas in Gasentladungslampen und speziell des Heliums als Füllgas für Ballons. Aber was gibt es darüber hinaus? Welche chemischen Verbindungen der Edelgase existieren bereits? Der Autor beschreibt die gegenwärtige Lage und gibt einen Ausblick in die Zukunft.
Edelgase: Eine Reise durch das Periodensystem (essentials)
by Hermann SiciusDie sechs bekannten Mitglieder dieser achten Hauptgruppe, von Helium bis Radon, sind bei Raumtemperatur allesamt gasförmig, nur über den möglichen Aggregatzustand des siebten Vertreters dieser Elementengruppe, des nur künstlich erzeugbaren Oganessons wird noch diskutiert. Das bekannteste Einsatzgebiet für alle Edelgase mit Ausnahme des Radons ist das als Füllgas in Gasentladungslampen und speziell des Heliums als Füllgas für Ballons. Aber was gibt es darüber hinaus? Welche chemischen Verbindungen der Edelgase existieren bereits? Der Autor beschreibt die gegenwärtige Lage und gibt einen Ausblick in die Zukunft.
Edelsteine: Bestimmung, Eigenschaften und Behandlung
by Tobias Häger Ursula WehrmeisterDas Buch gibt einen anschaulichen Überblick über das facettenreiche Gebiet der Gemmologie in Theorie und Praxis. Im ersten Teil werden die klassischen und modernen Methoden zur Bestimmung und Erkennung der Edelsteine ausführlich vorgestellt. Der zweite Teil des Buches umfasst den komplexen Bereich der Manipulationen und Behandlung der Schmuckmaterialien sowie ihre Erkennungsmöglichkeiten. Die Kapitel des letzten Teils widmen sich den Grundlagen zum besseren Verständnis der Eigenschaften und Methoden.
Edelsteine
by Florian NeukirchenWie entstehen Edelsteine? Wo gibt es sie? Und was können wir von ihnen lernen? Bei der Bildung von Smaragd, Rubin, Diamant, Topas oder Opal sind die beteiligten Zutaten und Prozesse so vielfältig wie die Edelsteine selbst. Während beispielsweise die Riesenkristalle eines Pegmatits innerhalb von Tagen wachsen, dauert die Entstehung von Amethystgeoden einige Millionen Jahre. Anschaulich erklärt Florian Neukirchen, wie seltene Elemente angereichert werden und wie es zu ungewöhnlichen Begegnungen zwischen Spurenelementen kommt. Diamanten verdanken wir nicht nur einiges Wissen über den Erdmantel, sondern auch über die Entstehung der ersten Kontinente. Bei ihrer Bildung spielen Redoxreaktionen im Erdmantel eine ähnlich wichtige Rolle wie ungewöhnlich ablaufende Vulkaneruptionen, durch die sie sicher an die Oberfläche gebracht werden, ohne zu verbrennen. Edelsteine erzählen uns manch erstaunliche Geschichte: Wie eine Kapsel, die geheime Dokumente birgt, enthalten sie Informationen über unzugängliche Regionen der Erde aus einer fernen Vergangenheit und sogar aus der Tiefe des Weltalls: In Meteoriten wurden Diamanten gefunden, die sogar älter als das Sonnensystem sind. Granate dienen Forschern als eine Art Thermometer, da sie die Bildungstemperatur eines Gesteins anzeigen. Einige Zirkonkristalle sind die einzigen Zeugen aus der höllisch heißen Frühzeit der Erde, aus der keine Gesteine erhalten sind. Die winzigen Kristalle ermöglichen uns sogar Aussagen über das damalige Klima. Abgerundet wird das Buch mit Informationen über Minen, Märkte und antike Handelsrouten und einem Kapitel über die technische Anwendung und synthetische Herstellung von Edelsteinen.