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Dynamics of the Axially Moving Orthotropic Web
by Krzysztof MarynowskiA material continuum moving axially at high speed can be met in numerous different technical applications. These comprise band saws, web papers during manufacturing, processing and printing processes, textile bands during manufacturing and processing, pipes transporting fluids, transmission belts as well as flat objects moving at high speeds in space. In all these so varied technical applications, the maximum transport speed or the transportation speed is aimed at in order to increase efficiency and optimize investment and performance costs of sometimes very expensive and complex machines and installations. The dynamic behavior of axially moving systems very often hinders from reaching these aims. The book is devoted to dynamics of axially moving material objects of low flexural stiffness that are referred to as webs. Webs are moving at high speed, for example, in paper production the paper webs are transported with longitudinal speeds of up to 3000 m/min. Above the critical speed one can expect various dynamical instabilities mainly of divergent and flutter type. The up-to-date state of investigations conducted in the field of the axially moving system dynamics is presented in the beginning of the book. Special attention is paid on nonlinear dynamic investigations of translating systems. In the next chapters various mathematical models that can be employed in dynamic investigations of such objects and the results of analysis of the dynamic behavior of the axially moving orthotropic material web are presented. To make tracing the dynamic considerations easier, a paper web is the main object of investigations in the book.
Dynamics of the Chemostat: A Bifurcation Theory Approach
by Abdelhamid Ajbar Khalid AlhumaiziA ubiquitous tool in mathematical biology and chemical engineering, the chemostat often produces instabilities that pose safety hazards and adversely affect the optimization of bioreactive systems. Singularity theory and bifurcation diagrams together offer a useful framework for addressing these issues. Based on the authors' extensive work in this
Dynamics of the Earth System: Contributions from Scientific Ocean Drilling (Society of Earth Scientists Series)
by Dhananjai K. Pandey M. Ravichandran Nisha NairThis book highlights Indian scientific endeavours and contributions to answering the vast multitude of questions posed by our changing environment. The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) explores Earth’s history and dynamics using deep ocean drilling platforms to recover the data locked inside seafloor sediments and rocks. Since 2009, Indian scientists have been actively engaged in these expeditions. Scientists from various Earth Science disciplines have seized this opportunity to offer their expertise in order to help unravel the mysteries of the past – by delving deep into the valuable sedimentary records of our oceans. This book presents a compilation of some of their most important findings to motivate and encourage young minds for their enhanced role in the cutting edge science of ocean drilling.
Dynamics of the Milky Way
by Jason SandersThis work presents a study of methods useful for modeling and understanding dynamical systems in the Galaxy. A natural coordinate system for the study of dynamical systems is the angle-action coordinate system. New methods for the approximation of the action-angle variables in general potentials are presented and discussed. These new tools are applied to the construction of dynamical models for two of the Galaxy's components: tidal streams and the Galactic disc. Tidal streams are remnants of tidally stripped satellites in the Milky Way that experience the effects of the large scale structure of the Galactic gravitational potential, while the Galactic disc provides insights into the nature of the Galaxy near the Sun. Appropriate action-based models are presented and discussed for these components, and extended to include further information such as the metallicity of stars.
Dynamics of the Standard Model
by John F. Donoghue Eugene Golowich Barry R. HolsteinThis book gives a detailed account of the Standard Model of particle physics, focussing on the techniques by which the model can produce information about real observed phenomena. It opens with a pedagogic account of the theory of the Standard Model. Introductions to the essential calculational techniques are included. The major part of the text is concerned with the use of the Standard Model in the calculation of physical properties of particles. Rigorous and reliable methods (radiative corrections and nonperturbative techniques based on symmetries and anomalies) are emphasized, but other useful models (such as the quark and Skyrme models) are also described. The strong and electroweak interactions are not treated as independent threads but rather are woven together into a unified phenomenological fabric. Many exercises and diagrams are included.
Dynamics of the Sun and Stars: Honoring the Life and Work of Michael J. Thompson (Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings #57)
by Rafael A. García Mário J. P. F. G. Monteiro Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard Scott W. McIntoshThese are the proceedings of a meeting celebrating Michael Thompson's seminal work on solar and stellar physics, as well as his major contributions to the development of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The meeting also marked Michael J. Thompson’s untimely death in October 2018. Michael played a key role in the development of helioseismology and its application to the study of the structure and dynamics of the solar interior, and he provided a strong foundation for the extension of seismic studies for other stars. After focusing for several years on more administrative activities, he was returning to leading the seismic studies of solar interior rotation and he was deeply involved in the understanding of the dynamics of the core of stars, when his life was tragically lost. The conference focused on dynamical aspects of the sun and stars, based on the large amount of data available on solar and stellar oscillations, and the extensive and detailed modelling now becoming feasible. Combining observations, seismic analysis, and modelling the meeting and this book serve as a fitting memorial to a close colleague and friend, much missed.
Dynamics of the Unicycle: Modelling And Experimental Verification (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Tomasz Kapitaniak Michał Niełaczny Barnat WiesławThis book presents a three-dimensional model of the complete unicycle–unicyclist system. A unicycle with a unicyclist on it represents a very complex system. It combines Mechanics, Biomechanics and Control Theory into the system, and is impressive in both its simplicity and improbability. Even more amazing is the fact that most unicyclists don’t know that what they’re doing is, according to science, impossible – just like bumblebees theoretically shouldn’t be able to fly. This book is devoted to the problem of modeling and controlling a 3D dynamical system consisting of a single-wheeled vehicle, namely a unicycle and the cyclist (unicyclist) riding it. The equations of motion are derived with the aid of the rarely used Boltzmann–Hamel Equations in Matrix Form, which are based on quasi-velocities. The Matrix Form allows Hamel coefficients to be automatically generated, and eliminates all the difficulties associated with determining these quantities. The equations of motion are solved by means of Wolfram Mathematica. To more faithfully represent the unicyclist as part of the model, the model is extended according to the main principles of biomechanics. The impact of the pneumatic tire is investigated using the Pacejka Magic Formula model including experimental determination of the stiffness coefficient. The aim of control is to maintain the unicycle–unicyclist system in an unstable equilibrium around a given angular position. The control system, based on LQ Regulator, is applied in Wolfram Mathematica. Lastly, experimental validation, 3D motion capture using software OptiTrack – Motive:Body and high-speed cameras are employed to test the model’s legitimacy. The description of the unicycle–unicyclist system dynamical model, simulation results, and experimental validation are all presented in detail.
Dynamics with Chaos and Fractals (Nonlinear Systems and Complexity #29)
by Marat Akhmet Mehmet Onur Fen Ejaily Milad AlejailyThe book is concerned with the concepts of chaos and fractals, which are within the scopes of dynamical systems, geometry, measure theory, topology, and numerical analysis during the last several decades. It is revealed that a special kind of Poisson stable point, which we call an unpredictable point, gives rise to the existence of chaos in the quasi-minimal set. This is the first time in the literature that the description of chaos is initiated from a single motion. Chaos is now placed on the line of oscillations, and therefore, it is a subject of study in the framework of the theories of dynamical systems and differential equations, as in this book. The techniques introduced in the book make it possible to develop continuous and discrete dynamics which admit fractals as points of trajectories as well as orbits themselves. To provide strong arguments for the genericity of chaos in the real and abstract universe, the concept of abstract similarity is suggested.
Dynamics with Chaos and Fractals (Nonlinear Systems and Complexity #29)
by Marat Akhmet Mehmet Onur Fen Ejaily Milad AlejailyThe book is concerned with the concepts of chaos and fractals, which are within the scopes of dynamical systems, geometry, measure theory, topology, and numerical analysis during the last several decades. It is revealed that a special kind of Poisson stable point, which we call an unpredictable point, gives rise to the existence of chaos in the quasi-minimal set. This is the first time in the literature that the description of chaos is initiated from a single motion. Chaos is now placed on the line of oscillations, and therefore, it is a subject of study in the framework of the theories of dynamical systems and differential equations, as in this book. The techniques introduced in the book make it possible to develop continuous and discrete dynamics which admit fractals as points of trajectories as well as orbits themselves. To provide strong arguments for the genericity of chaos in the real and abstract universe, the concept of abstract similarity is suggested.
Dynamics, Information and Complexity in Quantum Systems (Theoretical and Mathematical Physics)
by Fabio BenattiThis second edition of Dynamics, Information and Complexity in Quantum Systems widens its scope by focussing more on the dynamics of quantum correlations and information in microscopic and mesoscopic systems, and their use for metrological and machine learning purposes. The book is divided into three parts: Part One: Classical Dynamical SystemsAddresses classical dynamical systems, classical dynamical entropy, and classical algorithmic complexity.Includes a survey of the theory of simple perceptrons and their storage capacity. Part Two: Quantum Dynamical SystemsFocuses on the dynamics of entanglement under dissipative dynamics and its metrological use in finite level quantum systems.Discusses the quantum fluctuation approach to large-scale mesoscopic systems and their emergent dynamics in quantum systems with infinitely many degrees of freedom.Introduces a model of quantum perceptron whose storage capacity is computed and compared with the classical one. Part Three: Quantum Dynamical Entropies and ComplexitiesDevoted to quantum dynamical entropies and algorithmic complexities. This book is meant for advanced students, young and senior researchers working in the fields of quantum statistical mechanics, quantum information, and quantum dynamical systems. It is self-contained, and the only prerequisites needed are a standard knowledge of statistical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and linear operators on Hilbert spaces.
Dynamics, Silviculture and Management of Mixed Forests (Managing Forest Ecosystems #31)
by Hans Pretzsch Andrés Bravo-Oviedo Miren Del RíoThe capacity of mixed forests to mitigate climate change effects by increasing resilience and lowering risks is pinpointed as an opportunity to highlight the role of tree species rich forests as part of complex socio-ecological systems. This book updates and presents the state-of-the-art of mixed forest performance in terms of regeneration, growth, yield and delivery of ecosystem services. Examples from more than 20 countries in Europe, North Africa and South America provide insights on the interplay between structure and functionining, stability, silviculture and optimization of management of this type of forests. The book also analyses the role of natural mixed forests and mixed plantations in the delivery of ecosystem services and the best modelling strategy to study mixed forest dynamics. The book is intended to serve as a reference tool for students, researchers and professionals concerned about the management of mixed forests in a context of social and environmental change.
Dynamics, Strength of Materials and Durability in Multiscale Mechanics (Advanced Structured Materials #137)
by Francesco Dell’Isola Leonid IgumnovThis book reviews the mathematical modeling and experimental study of systems involving two or more different length scales. The effects of phenomena occurring at the lower length scales on the behavior at higher scales are of intrinsic scientific interest, but can also be very effectively used to determine the behavior at higher length scales or at the macro-level. Efforts to exploit this micro- and macro-coupling are, naturally, being pursued with regard to every aspect of mechanical phenomena. This book focuses on the changes imposed on the dynamics, strength of materials and durability of mechanical systems by related multiscale phenomena. In particular, it addresses: 1: the impacts of effective dissipation due to kinetic energy trapped at lower scales 2: wave propagation in generalized continua 3: nonlinear phenomena in metamaterials 4: the formalization of more general models to describe the exotic behavior of meta-materials 5: the design and study of microstructures aimed at increasing the toughness and durability of novel materials
Dynamics: A Lecturebook
by Charles M. Krousgrill Jeffrey F. RhoadsThis hybrid of textbook and lecture notes set is designed to provide an undergraduate-level, engineering-focused introduction to the topic of dynamics. To this end, the text covers the following key topical areas: Particle and Rigid Body Kinematics, including Cartesian, path, polar, and cylindrical descriptions of motion; relative and constrained motion; vector kinematics; instantaneous centers of rotation; and 2D and 3D moving reference frames. Particle and Rigid Body Kinetics, including Newtons Laws of Motion; the work-energy equation; and the linear and angular impulse-momentum equations. Introduction to Mechanical Vibrations, including equation of motion development; free vibration response; harmonic forced vibrations; base excitation; and rotating imbalance, all as applied to single-degree-of-freedom systems. The text provides pertinent background information, while emphasizing fundamental engineering principles, conceptual understanding, and optimal problem solving techniques. The Lecturebook also incorporates an extensive array of practical examples with which students can hone their skills. Key distinctions between the Lecturebook and most conventional texts include: Complete integration of factual information and student-produced notes. Removal of extraneous factual information. The inclusion of conceptual problems designed to exercise higher levels of learning. Lecture example, homework solution, and demonstration videos designed to aid asynchronous learning. The hybrid textbook/lecture note format provides most factual information in full, while brief and extended examples are provided with ample white space, allowing students to actively work the problems with the instructor s assistance in a classroom environment, or outside of the classroom on their own or with the assistance of online videos.
Dynamics: Theory and Application of Kane's Method
by Dewey H. Hodges Carlos M. RoithmayrThis book is ideal for teaching students in engineering or physics the skills necessary to analyze motions of complex mechanical systems such as spacecraft, robotic manipulators, and articulated scientific instruments. Kane's method, which emerged recently, reduces the labor needed to derive equations of motion and leads to equations that are simpler and more readily solved by computer, in comparison to earlier, classical approaches. Moreover, the method is highly systematic and thus easy to teach. This book is a revision of Dynamics: Theory and Applications by T. R. Kane and D. A. Levinson and presents the method for forming equations of motion by constructing generalized active forces and generalized inertia forces. Important additional topics include approaches for dealing with finite rotation, an updated treatment of constraint forces and constraint torques, an extension of Kane's method to deal with a broader class of nonholonomic constraint equations, and other recent advances.
Dynamin Superfamily GTPases: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2159)
by Rajesh RamachandranThis volume provides methods and protocols on dynamin superfamily GTPases. Chapters are divided into three parts; detailing expression, purification, initial biochemical steps, undescribed analytical techniques, and biophysical and cellular characterization of DSPs in membrane remodeling, fission and fusion. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Dynamin Superfamily GTPases: Methods and Protocols to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Dynamische Chemie
by Georg SchwedtWas passiert beim Erhitzen eines kohlensäurehaltigen Mineralwassers? Wie viel Ascorbinsäure (= Vitamin C) ist im Apfel? Wie verändert sich der pH-Wert beim Lösen von Brausetabletten? Was passiert während der Gärung?Stets spielen chemische Gleichgewichte (und deren Verschiebungen, u. a. durch pH-Änderungen), Oxidationen und Reduktionen eine Rolle. Als wichtiges Hilfsmittel für die insgesamt 131 Experimente werden Teststäbchen verwendet, die in kürzester Zeit halb-quantitative Analysen ermöglichen. Auf diese Weise lassen sich auch Reaktionsverläufe erfassen ebenso wie Lösungs- und Fällungsreaktionen. Das Verstehen-Lernen chemischer Reaktionen steht im Vordergrund aller Experimente. Dem Kapitel Gleichgewichtsreaktionen folgen Redox-Reaktionen am Beispiel von Kupfer, Eisen, Ascorbinsäure, Sulfit/Sulfat und Nitrit/Nitrat. Den chemischen und enzymatischen Reaktionen von Glucose ist ein weiteresKapitel gewidmet. Gleichzeitig wird die chemische Fachsprache erläutert und geübt. Ein Muss für jedes Schülerlabor, engagierte Lehrer und jeden an Chemie Interessierten: das Buch hilft beim Erlernen und der Verinnerlichung der chemischen Denkweise.
Dynamism: The Values That Drive Innovation, Job Satisfaction, and Economic Growth
by Edmund S. Phelps Gylfi Zoega Raicho Bojilov Hian Teck HoonNobel Laureate Edmund Phelps and an international group of economists argue that economic health depends on the widespread presence of certain values, in particular individualism and self-expression. Nobel Laureate Edmund Phelps has long argued that the high level of innovation in the lead nations of the West was never a result of scientific discoveries plus entrepreneurship, as Schumpeter thought. Rather, modern values—particularly the individualism, vitalism, and self-expression prevailing among the people—fueled the dynamism needed for widespread, indigenous innovation. Yet finding links between nations’ values and their dynamism was a daunting task. Now, in Dynamism, Phelps and a trio of coauthors take it on. Phelps, Raicho Bojilov, Hian Teck Hoon, and Gylfi Zoega find evidence that differences in nations’ values matter—and quite a lot. It is no accident that the most innovative countries in the West were rich in values fueling dynamism. Nor is it an accident that economic dynamism in the United States, Britain, and France has suffered as state-centered and communitarian values have moved to the fore. The authors lay out their argument in three parts. In the first two, they extract from productivity data time series on indigenous innovation, then test the thesis on the link between values and innovation to find which values are positively and which are negatively linked. In the third part, they consider the effects of robots on innovation and wages, arguing that, even though many workers may be replaced rather than helped by robots, the long-term effects may be better than we have feared. Itself a significant display of creativity and innovation, Dynamism will stand as a key statement of the cultural preconditions for a healthy society and rewarding work.
Dynasties: The Rise and Fall of Animal Families
by Stephen MossFamily isn't just important. It's everything. From lions hunting as a pride to penguins huddling together to keep from freezing in the bitter Antarctic winter, many animals are dependent on complex social relationships for their survival. Powerful dynasties lay claim to vast swathes of territory, fighting off rivals and securing their hunting grounds for generations to come. Dynasties offers an immersive insight into the shifting hierarchies of animal families. Each chapter follows a different dynasty, from the Marsh Lions of the Masai Mara to rival packs of painted wolves, from a tiger protecting her newborn cubs to a chimpanzee troop and the penguin colonies of the Antarctic. Alongside tender moments when bonds are strengthened through grooming and play, the book charts the rivalries that tip the balance of power, when family members turn against each other and younger animals grow strong enough to challenge for control. With over 200 stunning photographs and insights from the crew of the BBC series, Dynasties reveals in astonishing detail the intricate social lives of our planet’s most fascinating animals.
Dynein: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2623)
by Steven M. MarkusThis volume provides a collection of protocols from leading researchers in the dynein field. The enclosed chapters guide readers through a broad range of powerful techniques that can be used to understand the complexities of dynein activity and regulation. These include how to perform live-cell microscopy on various fungi and metazoan cells, how to purify, assemble, and measure the force generation and motility characteristics of various dynein assemblies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Dynein: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both novice and expert scientists in this developing field.
Dyslexia: Theories, Assessment and Support
by John Everatt Amanda DenstonDyslexia: Theories, Assessment and Support offers a broad perspective on dyslexia, providing a range of views from theory to practice which help explain the continued controversy surrounding the condition. Offering a framework on which to understand the concept of dyslexia, the book considers procedures that can both identify the condition and help support those with it. With a focus on self-concept, the authors highlight ways to positively influence both literacy acquisition and individual well-being. This book is ideal reading for those taking courses on dyslexia or literacy learning difficulties within education, psychology and related disciplines. It will be of great interest to specialist teachers, special education staff, educational psychologists and those in related occupations.
Dyson–Schwinger Equations, Renormalization Conditions, and the Hopf Algebra of Perturbative Quantum Field Theory (Springer Theses)
by Paul-Hermann BaldufThis book offers a systematic introduction to the Hopf algebra of renormalization in quantum field theory, with a special focus on physical motivation, the role of Dyson–Schwinger equations, and the renormalization group. All necessary physical and mathematical constructions are reviewed and motivated in a self-contained introduction. The main part of the book concerns the interplay between Dyson–Schwinger equations (DSEs) and renormalization conditions. The book is explicit and consistent about whether a statement is true in general or only in particular renormalization schemes or approximations and about the dependence of quantities on regularization parameters or coupling constants. With over 600 references, the original literature is cited whenever possible and the book contains numerous references to other works discussing further details, generalizations, or alternative approaches. There are explicit examples and remarks to make the connection from the scalar fields at hand toQED and QCD. The book is primarily targeted at the mathematically oriented physicist who seeks a systematic conceptual overview of renormalization, Hopf algebra, and DSEs. These may be graduate students entering the field as well as practitioners seeking a self-contained account of the Hopf algebra construction. Conversely, the book also benefits the mathematician who is interested in the physical background of the exciting interplay between Hopf algebra, combinatorics and physics that is renormalization theory today.
Dysphagia
by Olle EkbergThis book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date description of the diagnosis and management of dysphagia, with particular reference to oral and pharyngeal dysfunction. All aspects of dysphagia are covered, from anatomy and physiology to patient care. Alongside descriptions of a variety of disease entities, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches, many other relevant topics are addressed, including endoscopic and manometric aspects, malnutrition and dehydration, the psychiatric burden, and features specific to pediatric and geriatric patients. The authors are without exception renowned experts in their field. This book will be of value to all specialists involved in the evaluation and treatment of dysphagia, including ENT surgeons, thoracic surgeons, speech and language pathologists, phoniatricians, gastroenterologists, neurologists, and radiologists.
Dysphagia Management in Head and Neck Cancers: A Manual and Atlas
by Krishnakumar Thankappan Subramania Iyer Jayakumar R MenonDysphagia and problems related to swallowing are common following treatment for head and neck cancers. Though there are books available on dysphagia management and associated neurological conditions, this is the only atlas that comprehensively discusses dysphagia related to the head and neck cancers. It comprises of 33 chapters divided into five sections. The initial chapters present the anatomy and physiology of swallowing and the pathophysiology of the dysphagia-related structures. It discusses assessment of dysphagia in detail, highlighting clinical and instrumental evaluations. Swallowing dysfunction related to common sub-site cancers and chemo-radiotherapy related dysphagia are explored individually. The book addresses direct and indirect swallowing therapy methods involving postures and exercises in a detailed yet simple manner to enable them to be incorporated in routine practice. It also covers topics like nutritional management, alternative feeding methods and unique problems associated with tracheostomy that have a great bearing on the day-to-day management of patients with dysphagia. The current status of the research and evidence- based management updates are also included. Additionally, where appropriate videos are included for a better understanding of the subject. Written and edited by experts in the field, the book is intended for clinicians treating head and neck cancer, head and neck surgeons, radiation oncologists, speech and swallowing therapy specialists and trainees in these fields
Dysphagia: Diagnosis and Treatment (Medical Radiology)
by Olle EkbergThe second edition of this well-received book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date description of the diagnosis and management of dysphagia, including oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal dysfunction. All aspects of dysphagia are covered, with detailed consideration of anatomy, physiology, and pathology. In addition to a variety of benign and malignant disease entities, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches, many other relevant topics are addressed, including endoscopy, manometry, malnutrition, dehydration, oral care, dementia, ethics, and the social and psychologic impacts of dysphagia. Specific aspects of importance in pediatric and geriatric patients are highlighted. This edition features a number of completely new chapters focusing on, among other subjects, dysphagia in further disease contexts and following laryngectomy and radiation therapy. The authors are without exception world-leading experts in their fields. The book will be of value for practitioners in all specialties involved in the evaluation and treatment of dysphagia. It is therefore a truly multidisciplinary project.
Dyspraxia and its Management (Psychology Revivals)
by Nick MillerDyspraxia is a disorder of voluntary, purposeful, learned movement and is one of the most common sequelae of stroke, head-injury, neoplasm and abnormal ageing. It is also a major complicating factor in the assessment and treatment of acquired language, visual-spatial and other movement disorders. Dyspraxics are found not only in specialist neurological units, but also in rehabilitation centres, general medical and surgical wards, geriatric units and in the community. Despite this there was little systematic discussion of dyspraxia in major texts on stroke, head injury, rehabilitation or movement disorders at the time. Originally published in 1986, one aim of this book was to correct the imbalance in the attention paid to the disorder. The emphasis of the book is practical, dealing with the recognition and assessment of dyspraxic dysfunction, and guidelines and issues in its remediation. Theoretical issues are covered in relation to their bearing on clinical management. It was the standard textbook on the topic for many years and directly relevant at the time to clinicians in the fields of clinical psychology, occupational therapy and physiotherapy, speech therapy, neurology and geriatrics.