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Epilepsy: Mechanisms, Models, and Translational Perspectives
by Jong M. Rho Raman SankarEpilepsy has afflicted humankind throughout recorded history; yet, it is only in the last half-century, that significant progress has been made in our basic understanding of the epileptic brain. Pivotal advances in drug development and surgical techniques, as well as the emergence of innovative approaches such as electrical stimulation of the nervo
Epilepsy: The Intersection of Neurosciences, Biology, Mathematics, Engineering, and Physics
by Ivan Osorio Hitten P. Zaveri Mark G. Frei Susan ArthursEpilepsy, one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, affects approximately 1% (greater than 60 million) of the world's population. In an estimated 20 million of these patients, seizures are not controlled even by multiple anti-seizure drugs, and are extremely difficult to predict. Epilepsy: The Intersection of Neurosciences, Biology, Mathema
Epileptic Seizure Prediction Using Electroencephalogram Signals
by Ratnaprabha Ravindra Borhade Vinayak K. Bairagi Manoj S. Nagmode Ravindra Honaji BorhadeThis book presents an innovative method of EEG-based feature extraction and classification of seizures using EEG signals. It describes the methodology required for EEG analysis, seizure detection, seizure prediction, and seizure classification. It contains a compilation of techniques described in the literature and emphasizes newly proposed techniques. The book includes a brief discussion of existing methods for epileptic seizure diagnosis and prediction and introduces new efficient methods specifically for seizure prediction. Focuses on the mathematical models and machine learning algorithms from a perspective of clinical deployment of EEG-based epileptic seizure prediction Discusses recent trends in seizure detection, prediction, and classification methodologies Provides engineering solutions to severity or risk analysis of detected seizures at remote places Presents wearable solutions to seizure prediction Includes details of the use of deep learning for epileptic seizure prediction using EEG This book acts as a reference for academicians and professionals who are working in the field of computational biomedical engineering and are interested in the domain of EEG-based disease prediction.
Epileptic Seizures and the EEG: Measurement, Models, Detection and Prediction
by Mark Cook Andrea Varsavsky Iven MareelsA study of epilepsy from an engineering perspective, this volume begins by summarizing the physiology and the fundamental ideas behind the measurement, analysis and modeling of the epileptic brain. It introduces the EEG and provides an explanation of the type of brain activity likely to register in EEG measurements, offering an overview of how these EEG records are and have been analyzed in the past. The book focuses on the problem of seizure detection and surveys the physiologically based dynamic models of brain activity. Finally, it addresses the fundamental question: can seizures be predicted? Based on the authors' extensive research, the book concludes by exploring a range of future possibilities in seizure prediction.
Epiphany Z: 8 Radical Visions for Transforming Your Future
by Thomas Frey"Epiphany Z" is Futurist Thomas Frey&’s dynamic approach to envisioning, comprehending, and ultimately thriving in the radically different futures emerging around us at the speed of light. Frey&’s unparalleled ability to detect emerging trends from the smallest of clues gives him an edge on other futurists. Now he&’s sharing that edge with you.What are tomorrow&’s hottest industries?What huge industries of today are doomed to extinction?How will our lives be changed by advancements in robotics, in drone technology, in manufacturing and transportation?How can education cope with the explosive new world of enhanced information, hyperactive business environments, cultural shifts that would have been unimaginable as recently as yesterday?Who will be the masters of tomorrow&’s universe and who will be left behind?Above all, how can you not only protect yourself from the most disruptive aspects of the changes sweeping your way---how can you become one of the masters of those changes?Distilling decades of research, experience, and proven success in correctly identifying and accurately extrapolating today&’s trends and innovations into tomorrow&’s realities, Thomas Frey gives you an advance ticket to the most explosive period of change in all of human history.Those changes are taking place now. Thomas Frey shows where they will be taking all of us tomorrow. "EPIPHANY Z" your roadmap to the future.
Epistasis
by Jason H. Moore Scott M. WilliamsThis volume presents a valuable and readily reproducible collection of established and emerging techniques on modern genetic analyses. Chapters focus on statistical or data mining analyses, genetic architecture, the burden of multiple testing, genetic variance, measuring epistasis, multifactor dimensionality reduction, and ReliefF. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Epistasis: Methods and Protocols aids scientists in continuing to study elucidate epistasis in the context of modern data availability.
Epistemic Complexity and Knowledge Construction
by A. CarsettiThe volume as its first target aims at clarifying that peculiar entanglement of complexity, causality, meaning, emergence and intentionality that characterises the unfolding of the "natural forms" of human cognition As is well known, cognition is not only a self-organising process. It is also a co-operative and coupled process. If we consider the external environment as a complex, multiple and stratified Source which interacts with the nervous system, we can easily realise that the cognitive activities devoted to the "intelligent" search for the depth information living in the Source, may determine the very change of the complexity conditions according to which the Source progressively expresses its "wild" action. In this sense, simulation models are not neutral or purely speculative: the true cognition actually appears to be necessarily connected with successful forms of reading, those forms, in particular, that permit a specific coherent unfolding of the deep information content of the Source. Therefore, the simulation models, if valid, materialise as "creative" channels, i.e., as autonomous functional systems, as the very roots of a new possible development of the entire system represented by mind and its Reality. From a general point of view, the objectivity of Reality is also proportionate to the autonomy reached by cognitive processes. In this sense, at the level of cultural evolution, reference procedures act as guide, mirror and canalisation with respect to primary information flows and involved selective forces: they offer themselves as the actual instruments for the constant renewal of the code, for the invention and the actual articulation of an ever-new incompressibility. From an effective point of view, they appear as indissolubly linked to the successive definition of specific (and innovative) measures of the epistemic complexity. These measures cannot concern only statistical rarity (Shannon) or computational incompressibility (Kolmogorov-Chaitin), on the contrary they should also be able to take into account the coupled connection between the Source and the cognitive agent, the evolution of this connection as well as the successive constitution of meaning as symbolic form. Hence the possible (and necessary) definition of new axiomatic systems, new measure spaces, the real displaying of processes of continuous reorganisation at the semantic level. Indeed, it is only through a complete, first-order "reduction" and a correlated non-standard second-order analysis that new incompressibility will actually manifest itself. Therefore, the reference procedures appear to be related to a process of multiplication of minds, as well as to a process of "clarification" of meanings which finally emerges as vision via principles.
Epistemic Processes: A Basis for Statistics and Quantum Theory
by Inge S. HellandThis book discusses a link between statistical theory and quantum theory based on the concept of epistemic processes – which can be e.g. statistical investigations or quantum mechanical measurements, and refer to processes that are used to gain knowledge about something. The book addresses a range of topics, including a derivation of the Born formula from reasonable assumptions, a derivation of the Schrödinger equation in the one-dimensional case, and a discussion of the Bell inequality from an epistemic perspective. The book describes a possible epistemic foundation of quantum theory. Lastly, it presents a general philosophical discussion of the approach, which, principally speaking, is not restricted to the micro-world. Hence the book can also be seen as a motivation for further research into quantum decision theory and quantum models for cognition. The book will benefit a broad readership, including physicists and statisticians interested in the foundation of their disciplines, philosophers of science and graduate students, and anyone with a reasonably good background in mathematics and an open mind.
Epistemic Processes: A Basis for Statistics and Quantum Theory
by Inge S. HellandThis book discusses a link between statistical theory and quantum theory based on the concept of epistemic processes. The latter are processes, such as statistical investigations or quantum mechanical measurements, that can be used to obtain knowledge about something. Various topics in quantum theory are addressed, including the construction of a Hilbert space from reasonable assumptions and an interpretation of quantum states. Separate derivations of the Born formula and the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation are given. In concrete terms, a Hilbert space can be constructed under some technical assumptions associated with situations where there are two conceptual variables that can be seen as maximally accessible. Then to every accessible conceptual variable there corresponds an operator on this Hilbert space, and if the variables take a finite number of values, the eigenspaces/eigenvectors of these operators correspond to specific questions in nature together with sharp answers to these questions. This paves a new way to the foundations of quantum theory. The resulting interpretation of quantum mechanics is related to Hervé Zwirn's recent Convivial Solipsism, but it also has some relations to Quantum Bayesianism and to Rovelli's relational quantum mechanics. Niels Bohr's concept of complementarity plays an important role. Philosophical implications of this approach to quantum theory are discussed, including consequences for macroscopic settings.The book will benefit a broad readership, including physicists and statisticians interested in the foundations of their disciplines, philosophers of science and graduate students, and anyone with a reasonably good background in mathematics and an open mind.
Epistemology and Probability
by Arkady PlotnitskyThe book offers an exploration of the relationships between epistemology and probability in the work of Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, and Erwin Schrödinger; in quantum mechanics; and in modern physics as a whole. It also considers the implications of these relationships and of quantum theory itself for our understanding of the nature of thinking and knowledge in general. These implications are radical and controversial. While they have been seen as scientifically productive and intellectually liberating to some, Bohr and Heisenberg among them, they have been troublesome to many others, beginning with Schrödinger and, most famously, Einstein, who refused to believe that God would resort to playing dice, as quantum theory appeared to demand. The situation led to an intense debate, in particular the great confrontation between Einstein and Bohr, which began around the time of the discovery of quantum mechanics by Heisenberg and Schrödinger in 1920s and has overshadowed the history of the debate concerning quantum mechanics ever since. The controversy itself surrounding quantum theory and the intensity of the debate concerning it have remained undiminished. No end appears to be in sight. At the same time, in spite of the enormous and ever proliferating amount of commentaries in all genres (technical, philosophical, and popular), some of the deeper philosophical aspects of quantum mechanics and of the philosophical thought of the figures considered in this study often remain explored. The main aim of this book is to contribute to a better understanding of the nature of quantum-theoretical thinking and of the reasons for this extraordinary impact and controversy. Philosophically, the book pursues this task by bringing together in a new way the relationships between epistemology and probability in quantum theory and beyond. Historically, it does so by engaging comprehensively and in a mutually illuminating way with the work of all three key figures responsible for the birth of quantum mechanics - Heisenberg, Schrödinger, and, as concerns quantum epistemology, Bohr - which has not be previously done in literature on quantum mechanics. Among other key contributions of the book is an analysis of the role of mathematics in quantum theory and in the thinking of Bohr, Heisenberg, and Schrödinger; a new treatment of the famous experiment of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) and of the Bohr-Einstein exchange concerning it; and an exploration of the implications of the epistemological problematics considered by the book for new developments of quantum mechanics itself, such as quantum information theory, on the one hand, and, on the other, for higher-level physical theories, from quantum field theory to string/brane theories and new cosmological theories.
Epistemology and Science Education: Understanding the Evolution vs. Intelligent Design Controversy
by Michel Ferrari Roger S. TaylorHow is epistemology related to the issue of teaching science and evolution in the schools? Addressing a flashpoint issue in our schools today, this book explores core epistemological differences between proponents of intelligent design and evolutionary scientists, as well as the critical role of epistemological beliefs in learning science. Preeminent scholars in these areas report empirical research and/or make a theoretical contribution, with a particular emphasis on the controversy over whether intelligent design deserves to be considered a science alongside Darwinian evolution. This pioneering book coordinates and provides a complete picture of the intersections in the study of evolution, epistemology, and science education, in order to allow a deeper understanding of the intelligent design vs. evolution controversy. This is a very timely book for teachers and policy makers who are wrestling with issues of how to teach biology and evolution within a cultural context in which intelligent design has been and is likely to remain a challenge for the foreseeable future.
Epistemology of Decision
by Mario GrazianoThis book carries out an epistemological analysis of the decision, including a critical analysis through the continuous reference to an interdisciplinary approach including a synthesis of philosophical approaches, biology and neuroscience. Besides this it represents the analysis of causality here seen not from the formal point of view, but from the "embodied" point of view.
Epistemology of Experimental Physics (Elements in the Philosophy of Physics)
by Nora Mills BoydThis Element introduces major issues in the epistemology of experimental physics through discussion of canonical physics experiments and some that have not yet received much philosophical attention. The primary challenge is to make sense of how physicists justify crucial decisions made in the course of empirical research. Judging a result as epistemically significant or as calling for further technical scrutiny of the equipment is one important context of such decisions. Judging whether the instrument has been calibrated, and which data should be included in the analysis are others. To what extent is it possible to offer philosophical analysis, systematization, and prescriptions regarding such decisions? To what extent can there be explicit epistemic justification for them? The primary aim of this Element is to show how a nuanced understanding of science in practice informs an epistemology of experimental physics that avoids strong social constructivism.
Epistemology of the Cell: A Systems Perspective on Biological Knowledge
by Edward R. Dougherty Michael L. BittnerIn the era of high biological data throughput, biomedical engineers need a more systematic knowledge of the cell in order to perform more effective data handling. Epistemology of the Cell is the first authored book to break down this knowledge. This text examines the place of biological knowledge within the framework of science as a whole and addresses issues focused on the specific nature of biology, how biology is studied, and how biological knowledge is translated into applications, in particular with regard to medicine. The book opens with a general discussion of the historical development of human understanding of scientific knowledge, the scientific method, and the manner in which scientific knowledge is represented in mathematics. The narrative then gets specific for biology, focusing on knowledge of the cell, the basic unit of life. The salient point is the analogy between a systems-based analysis of factory regulation and the regulation of the cell. Each chapter represents a key topic of current interest, including: Causality and randomness Translational science Stochastic validation: classification Stochastic validation: networks Model-based experimentation in biology Epistemology of the Cell is written for biomedical researchers whose interests include bioinformatics, biological modeling, biostatistics, and biological signal processing.
Epitaxial Growth of III-Nitride Compounds: Computational Approach (Springer Series in Materials Science #269)
by Takashi Matsuoka Yoshihiro KangawaThis book presents extensive information on the mechanisms of epitaxial growth in III-nitride compounds, drawing on a state-of-the-art computational approach that combines ab initio calculations, empirical interatomic potentials, and Monte Carlo simulations to do so. It discusses important theoretical aspects of surface structures and elemental growth processes during the epitaxial growth of III-nitride compounds. In addition, it discusses advanced fundamental structural and electronic properties, surface structures, fundamental growth processes and novel behavior of thin films in III-nitride semiconductors. As such, it will appeal to all researchers, engineers and graduate students seeking detailed information on crystal growth and its application to III-nitride compounds.
Epitaxy of Semiconductors
by Udo W. PohlIntroduction to Epitaxy provides the essential information for a comprehensive upper-level graduate course treating the crystalline growth of semiconductor heterostructures. Heteroepitaxy represents the basis of advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices today and is considered one of the top fields in materials research. The book covers the structural and electronic properties of strained epitaxial layers, the thermodynamics and kinetics of layer growth, and the description of the major growth techniques metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, molecular beam epitaxy and liquid phase epitaxy. Cubic semiconductors, strain relaxation by misfit dislocations, strain and confinement effects on electronic states, surface structures and processes during nucleation and growth are treated in detail. The Introduction to Epitaxy requires only little knowledge on solid-state physics. Students of natural sciences, materials science and electrical engineering as well as their lecturers benefit from elementary introductions to theory and practice of epitaxial growth, supported by pertinent references and over 200 detailed illustrations.
Epitaxy of Semiconductors: Physics and Fabrication of Heterostructures (Graduate Texts in Physics #4)
by Udo W. PohlThe extended and revised edition of this textbook provides essential information for a comprehensive upper-level graduate course on the crystalline growth of semiconductor heterostructures. Heteroepitaxy is the basis of today’s advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices, and it is considered one of the most important fields in materials research and nanotechnology. The book discusses the structural and electronic properties of strained epitaxial layers, the thermodynamics and kinetics of layer growth, and it describes the major growth techniques: metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy, molecular-beam epitaxy, and liquid-phase epitaxy. It also examines in detail cubic and hexagonal semiconductors, strain relaxation by misfit dislocations, strain and confinement effects on electronic states, surface structures, and processes during nucleation and growth. Requiring only minimal knowledge of solid-state physics, it provides natural sciences, materials science and electrical engineering students and their lecturers elementary introductions to the theory and practice of epitaxial growth, supported by references and over 300 detailed illustrations. In this second edition, many topics have been extended and treated in more detail, e.g. in situ growth monitoring, application of surfactants, properties of dislocations and defects in organic crystals, and special growth techniques like vapor-liquid-solid growth of nanowires and selective-area epitaxy.
Epithelial Cell Culture Protocols
by M. Leslie Fulcher Scott H. RandellFascinating biology occurs at epithelial interfaces, whether between organism and environment or within body compartments, and many diseases inflicting huge personal and societal burdens result from dysfunction of epithelial systems, e.g., carcinomas. Epithelial cell cultures have been an integral and crucial part of the biomedical research enterprise, adding unique capabilities and enabling mechanistic approaches. In the past decade there have been many research advances, such as directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, robotic high throughput screening, whole genome siRNA and shRNA libraries, massively parallel sequencing at low cost, identification of somatic stem cells in key organs, to name a few. Epithelial Cell Culture Protocols, Second Edition provides a cross section of up-to-date culture protocols for the most heavily studied cell systems and featured supporting technologies. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Epithelial Cell Culture Protocols, Second Edition will serve outstanding investigators with the best possible information for the advancement of biomedical science.
Epithelial Cell Culture: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1817)
by Mario BarattaThis detailed book explores the most current techniques to study systems and epithelial cell culture. Beginning with an overview, the volume then continues to detail systems that seek to mimic the three-dimensional organization, epithelial cells from different organs, gastrointestinal system, thyroid, salivary gland, ovary, mammary gland, and olfactory epithelial tissue. Cell culture is a fundamental technique in both medical research and drug discovery and two-dimensional (2D) culture has been the preferred method, due to the ease with which cell monolayers can be induced to proliferate on planar surfaces. The book propose several functional assay useful to test cell activities. Further, The past decades have witnessed significant efforts toward the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. Today, 3D cell cultures are emerging not only as a new tool in early drug discovery, but also as potential therapeutics to treat disease. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detail and key implementation advice that leads to excellent results in the lab.
Epithelial Cell Culture: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2749)
by Mario BarattaBack Cover Copy This second edition volume expands on the previous edition with in-depth discussions on the rapid advancements in epithelial cell biology, and the cutting-edge research and techniques used by researchers in the field. The chapters in this book cover topics such as detailed methodologies applicable to epithelial cells derived from primates, pigs, bovines, and laboratory animals; the manipulation and differentiation of epithelial cells; and epithelial cell models in the gastroenteric system in human medicine and nutrition. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Epithelial Cell Culture: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource for researchers in the scientific community, educators, and students who are interested in unraveling the complexities of epithelial cell biology, cultivating curiosity, and inspiring the next generation of groundbreaking research.
Epithelial Morphogenesis in Development and Disease
by Walter BirchmeierBringing together a series of articles on the structural, functional, and developmental characteristics of epithelia, this volume represents a timely and valuable contribution to a growing field of study.
Epithelial Transport Physiology
by George A. GerencserThe scope of this book was preempted and precipitated by the pioneering studies of Ussing and co-workers. The first phase of the phenomenological description of the cell as a black box has been followed by studies of cellular mechanisms, the interplay of the different transport components, and the mechanisms of regulation which will be covered in the individual chapters. For the individual epithelia transport schemes that have been proposed, I think it is appropriate to take pause and search for elements common to several epithelia. This aspect triggered the common theme idea for this book, and in fact the various chapters emphasize that the functional transporter components, expressed in the various epithelia, are not infinite in number, but they occur in epithelia which are separated in evolution by several hundred million years.
Epitope Mapping Protocols
by Glenn E. MorrisEpitope Mapping Protocols offers more than thirty protocols for antibody production and mapping-all described in detail by leading experts and illustrated by proven examples from their own work. The methods range from those that use (or can use) whole, native antigens to those that use peptides and peptide libraries and those that require antigen expressed from recombinant DNA. A method for T-cell epitopes, instructions on using "natural" variants or mutants, and techniques for producing panels of antibodies for epitope mapping are also included.
Epitope Mapping Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1785)
by Johan Rockberg Johan NilvebrantThis third edition volume expands on the previous editions with more detailed research on the characterization of antibody antigen interactions between different users with different requirements. The chapters in this book are divided into four parts: Part One looks at the entire native antigen and covers traditional structural biology techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and x-ray crystallography. Part Two talks about protein fragments derived from antigens, and discusses binding regions within antigen sequence using bacterial surface display and ELISA, for example. Part Three describes the use of surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and biolayer interferometry, and Part Four highlights methods used to identify new antigens and assess antibody cross-reactivity. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Thorough and cutting-edge, Epitope Mapping Protocols, Third Edition is a valuable resource for anyone interested in furthering their research in this expanding field.
Epitranscriptomics (RNA Technologies #12)
by Jan Barciszewski Stefan JurgaThis book reviews a novel and exciting field of cellular and molecular biology called epitranscriptomics, which focuses on changes in an organism’s cells resulting from the posttranscriptional modification of cellular RNA. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in these posttranscriptional modifications and also support several cellular processes necessary for maintaining RNA homeostasis. Exploring the mechanisms underlying RNA modifications and RBP function is an emerging area of biomedical research, taking the study of gene regulation a step beyond epigenetics. This book reveals that the RNA molecule is not just an information-carrying molecule with some secondary structures. Accordingly, how RNA is modified, regulated, packaged, and controlled is an important aspect. Leading experts address questions such as where the over 170 distinct posttranscriptional RNA modifications are located on the genome, what percentage of mRNAs and noncoding RNAs these modifications include, and how an RNA modification impacts a person’s biology. In closing, the book reviews the role of RNA modifications and RBPs in a variety of diseases and their pathogenesis. Addressing some of the most exciting challenges in epitranscriptomics, this book provides a valuable and engaging resource for researchers in academia and industry studying the phenomena of RNA modification.