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Entangled Life: How Fungi Make Our Worlds, Change Our Minds & Shape Our Futures
by Merlin SheldrakeA mind-bending journey into the hidden universe of fungi, &“one of those rare books that can truly change the way you see the world around you&” (Helen Macdonald, author of H Is for Hawk).&“Dazzling, vibrant, vision-changing . . . a remarkable work by a remarkable writer, which succeeds in springing life into strangeness again.&”—Robert Macfarlane, author of Underland When we think of fungi, we likely think of mushrooms. But mushrooms are only fruiting bodies, analogous to apples on a tree. Most fungi live out of sight, yet make up a massively diverse kingdom of organisms that supports and sustains nearly all living systems. Fungi provide a key to understanding the planet on which we live, and the ways we think, feel, and behave.In Entangled Life, the brilliant young biologist Merlin Sheldrake shows us the world from a fungal point of view, providing an exhilarating change of perspective. Sheldrake&’s vivid exploration takes us from yeast to psychedelics, to the fungi that range for miles underground and are the largest organisms on the planet, to those that link plants together in complex networks known as the &“Wood Wide Web,&” to those that infiltrate and manipulate insect bodies with devastating precision.Fungi throw our concepts of individuality and even intelligence into question. They are metabolic masters, earth makers, and key players in most of life&’s processes. They can change our minds, heal our bodies, and even help us remediate environmental disaster. By examining fungi on their own terms, Sheldrake reveals how these extraordinary organisms—and our relationships with them—are changing our understanding of how life works.Praise for Entangled Life&“Fungi are everywhere, and Merlin Sheldrake is an ideal guide to their mysteries. He&’s passionate, deeply knowledgeable, and a wonderful writer.&”—Elizabeth Kolbert, author of The Sixth Extinction&“I was completely unprepared for Sheldrake&’s book. It rolled me over like a tsunami, leaving the landscape rearranged but all the more beautiful.&”—Nicholas Humphrey, Emeritus Professor of Psychology at the London School of Economics and author of A History of the Mind and Soul Dust&“Sheldrake&’s charm and curiosity make for a book that is delightful to read but also grand and dizzying in how thoroughly it recalibrates our understanding of the natural world and the often overlooked organisms within it.&”—Ed Yong, author of I Contain Multitudes
Entangled Life: How Fungi Make Our Worlds
by Merlin SheldrakeMerlin Sheldrake&’s New York Times bestseller, Entangled Life, is now a lavish visual journey into the hidden lives of fungi.When we think of fungi, we likely think of mushrooms. But mushrooms are only fruiting bodies, analogous to apples on a tree. Most fungi live out of sight yet make up a massively diverse kingdom of organisms that supports and sustains nearly all living systems. Fungi provide a key to understanding the planet on which we live, and the ways we think, feel, and behave. In the first edition of the mind-bending, &“gorgeous&” (Margaret Atwood), &”brilliant [and] entrancing&” (The Guardian) Entangled Life, Sheldrake introduced us to this mysterious but massively diverse kingdom of life. This new edition, abridged from the original, features over 100 full-color images that bring the spectacular variety, strangeness and beauty of fungi to life as never before. Fungi throw our concepts of individuality and even intelligence into question. They are metabolic masters, earth makers, and key players in most of life&’s processes. They can change our minds, heal our bodies, and even help us remediate environmental disaster. In vivid, surprising images, Sheldrake reveals how these extraordinary organisms—and our relationships with them—are changing our understanding of how life works.
Entangled Minds: Extrasensory Experiences in a Quantum Reality
by Dean RadinIs everything connected? Can we sense what's happening to loved ones thousands of miles away? Why are we sometimes certain of a caller's identity the instant the phone rings? Do intuitive hunches contain information about future events? Is it possible to perceive without the use of the ordinary senses?Many people believe that "psychic phenomena" are rare talents or divine gifts. Others don't believe they exist at all. But the latest scientific research shows that these phenomena are both real and widespread, and are an unavoidable consequence of the interconnected, entangled physical reality we live in. Albert Einstein called entanglement "spooky action at a distance"—the way two objects remain connected through time and space, without communicating in any conventional way, long after their initial interaction has taken place. Could a similar entanglement of minds explain our apparent psychic abilities? Dean Radin, senior scientist at the Institute of Noetic Sciences, believes it might. In this illuminating book, Radin shows how we know that psychic phenomena such as telepathy, clairvoyance, and psychokinesis are real, based on scientific evidence from thousands of controlled lab tests. Radin surveys the origins of this research and explores, among many topics, the collective premonitions of 9/11. He reveals the physical reality behind our uncanny telepathic experiences and intuitive hunches, and he debunks the skeptical myths surrounding them. Entangled Minds sets the stage for a rational, scientific understanding of psychic experience.
Entangled State Representations in Quantum Optics
by Xiang-Guo Meng Ji-Suo Wang Bao-Long LiangThis book highlights the applications of continuous-variable entangled state representations in the research areas of quantum optics via the integration method within an ordered product of operators (IWOP). As a way to develop the Dirac’s symbolic method, the IWOP method has made the integration of non-commutative operators possible by arranging non-commutable operators within an ordered product symbol. It not only deals with many existent quantum optics problems but also explores new research fields. The book also establishes a theoretical framework for solving important quantum optics subjects by taking full advantage of the entangled state representations. With original methods and detailed descriptions, the book is suitable for researchers, instructors, and students interested in quantum mechanics, quantum optics, and quantum information science.
Entangled Worlds: Religion, Science, and New Materialisms (Transdisciplinary Theological Colloquia)
by Catherine Keller and Mary-Jane RubensteinHistorically speaking, theology can be said to operate “materiaphobically.” Protestant Christianity in particular has bestowed upon theology a privilege of the soul over the body and belief over practice, in line with the distinction between a disembodied God and the inanimate world “He” created. Like all other human, social, and natural sciences, religious studies imported these theological dualisms into a purportedly secular modernity, mapping them furthermore onto the distinction between a rational, “enlightened” Europe on the one hand and a variously emotional, “primitive,” and “animist” non-Europe on the other. The “new materialisms” currently coursing through cultural, feminist, political, and queer theories seek to displace human privilege by attending to the agency of matter itself. Far from being passive or inert, they show us that matter acts, creates, destroys, and transforms—and, as such, is more of a process than a thing. Entangled Worlds examines the intersections of religion and new and old materialisms. Calling upon an interdisciplinary throng of scholars in science studies, religious studies, and theology, it assembles a multiplicity of experimental perspectives on materiality: What is matter, how does it materialize, and what sorts of worlds are enacted in its varied entanglements with divinity? While both theology and religious studies have over the past few decades come to prioritize the material contexts and bodily ecologies of more-than-human life, Entangled Worlds sets forth the first multivocal conversation between religious studies, theology, and the body of “the new materialism.” Here disciplines and traditions touch, transgress, and contaminate one another across their several carefully specified contexts. And in the responsiveness of this mutual touching of science, religion, philosophy, and theology, the growing complexity of our entanglements takes on a consistent ethical texture of urgency.
Entanglement: The Greatest Mystery in Physics
by Amir D. AczelWhy packages separated by thousands of miles change together.
Entanglement Between Noncomplementary Parts of Many-Body Systems
by Hannu Christian WichterichThis thesis investigates the structure and behaviour of entanglement, the purely quantum mechanical part of correlations, in many-body systems, employing both numerical and analytical techniques at the interface of condensed matter theory and quantum information theory. Entanglement can be seen as a precious resource which, for example, enables the noiseless and instant transmission of quantum information, provided the communicating parties share a sufficient "amount" of it. Furthermore, measures of entanglement of a quantum mechanical state are perceived as useful probes of collective properties of many-body systems. For instance, certain measures are capable of detecting and classifying ground-state phases and, particularly, transition (or critical) points separating such phases. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on entanglement in many-body systems and its use as a potential resource for communication protocols. They address the questions of how a substantial amount of entanglement can be established between distant subsystems, and how efficiently this entanglement could be "harvested" by way of measurements. The subsequent chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to universality of entanglement between large collections of particles undergoing a quantum phase transition, where, despite the enormous complexity of these systems, collective properties including entanglement no longer depend crucially on the microscopic details.
Entanglement in Spin Chains: From Theory to Quantum Technology Applications (Quantum Science and Technology)
by Abolfazl Bayat Sougato Bose Henrik JohannessonThis book covers recent developments in the understanding, quantification, and exploitation of entanglement in spin chain models from both condensed matter and quantum information perspectives. Spin chain models are at the foundation of condensed matter physics and quantum information technologies and elucidate many fundamental phenomena such as information scrambling, quantum phase transitions, and many-body localization. Moreover, many quantum materials and emerging quantum devices are well described by spin chains. Comprising accessible, self-contained chapters written by leading researchers, this book is essential reading for graduate students and researchers in quantum materials and quantum information. The coverage is comprehensive, from the fundamental entanglement aspects of quantum criticality, non-equilibrium dynamics, classical and quantum simulation of spin chains through to their experimental realizations, and beyond into machine learning applications.
Entanglement Measures and Their Properties in Quantum Field Theory (SpringerBriefs in Mathematical Physics #34)
by Ko Sanders Stefan HollandsThis book gives a rigorous treatment of entanglement measures in the general context of quantum field theory. It covers a broad range of models and the use of fields allows us to properly take the localization of systems into account. The required mathematical techniques are introduced in a self-contained way.
Entdecke das Riechen wieder: Warum es sich lohnt, die Welt mit der Nase wahrzunehmen
by Andreas KellerWarum es sich lohnt, die Welt mit der Nase wahrzunehmenEntdecke das Riechen wieder riecht wie alle anderen Bücher, aber nachdem Sie es gelesen haben, werden Bücher und vieles andere für Sie nicht mehr so riechen wie zuvor. Ob es bei Menschen Pheromone gibt, warum es so schwierig ist, über Gerüche zu reden, welches Tier den besten Riecher hat und warum manche Menschen den Geruch von Spargel-Urin nicht riechen können - das sind nur einige der Fragen, die der Geruchsforscher Andreas Keller in diesem Buch beantwortet. Menschen besitzen eine gute Nase, haben aber im Laufe der Evolution mehr und mehr verlernt, sie zu benutzen. Dieses Buch wird Sie überzeugen, dass Riechen nicht so mysteriös ist, wie oft angenommen, und dass es sich lohnt, die Welt wieder (auch) mit der Nase wahrzunehmen. In einem Zeitalter, das von digitalisierten Erfahrungen geprägt ist, die beliebig kopiert und für die Ewigkeit gespeichert werden können, bedeutet die flüchtige Realität eines Geruches mehr als je zuvor.
The Enteric Nervous System
by Stuart Brierley Marcello CostaNearly 30 years ago, a number of scientists working on the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) gathered at Flinders University, in Adelaide, Australia to discuss the advances and future of their research. It was a friendly and stimulating meeting, attended by most of the major players, in what was to become the discipline of 'Neurogastroenterology'. In 2014, the main Australasian Neuroscience Society meeting was held in Adelaide, Australia, providing the perfect opportunity to recreate a follow-up ENS meeting. As such, the 'ENS II 2014 meeting' aimed to identify how far the field of enteric neuroscience had developed, where the future was heading, and what technological advances had been made to address current and future unresolved questions. 30 speakers from around the world were invited to give talks and revisit the original expectations, the advances made since, and the future directions of ENS research. These discussions included three generations of investigators from 7 different countries. This publication represents the majority of proceedings from the 'The Enteric Nervous System II 2014' conference, which was held on February 1st - 2nd 2014 at the National Wine Centre of Australia, Adelaide. This meeting was an Official satellite meeting of the 34th Annual Meeting of Australasian Neuroscience Society, which was also held in Adelaide. The 20 contributions contained within this submission are from international researchers in the field of the ENS, who reviewed the advances made since the first meeting in the early 1980s and summarizes the present and future perspectives of neuro-gastroenterology. Some colleagues could not attend but did send greetings and their messages are included in these proceedings.
The Enteric Nervous System II (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1383)
by Nick J. Spencer Marcello Costa Stuart M. BrierleyThis book is based on the proceedings of the Enteric Nervous System conference in Adelaide, Australia, under the auspices of the International Federation for Neurogastroenterology and Motility. The book focuses on methodological strategies and unresolved issues in the field and explores where the future is heading and what technological advances have been made to address current and future questions. The Enteric Nervous System II continues in the tradition of a popular earlier volume which covered the previous meeting. Many of the same authors are contributing to this new volume, presenting state-of-the-art updates on the many developments in the field since the earlier meeting. The coverage include a wide range of topics, from structure and function of the enteric nervous system through gut motility and visceral pain. The author team includes long-established authorities who significantly contributed to the advances in ENS research over the past two decades and the new generation that will continue to contribute to advancing our understanding of the field.
Entering Research: Workshops For Students Beginning Research In Science
by Janet Branchaw Amanda Butz Amber SmithFor students whose experience with science has been primarily in the classroom, it can be difficult to identify and contact potential mentors, and to navigate the transition to a one-on-one, mentor-student relationship. This is especially true for those who are new to research, or who belong to groups that are underrepresented in research. The Entering Research curriculum offers a mechanism to structure the independent research experience, and help students overcome these challenges.
Enterprise Interoperability: I-ESA'12 Proceedings (Lecture Notes In Business Information Processing Ser. #122)
by Martin Zelm Raquel Sanchis Raul Poler Guy DoumeingtsIn a fast changing world governed by innovative Enterprise Services and the Future Internet, the issue of Enterprise Interoperability is no longer limited to the interoperation of systems within a single company, but has become a much greater multi-view issue of interoperability throughout a Network of Enterprises. This book contains the proceedings of 13 workshops presented as short papers and discussions held at each workshop. The workshops were co-located with the I-ESA’12 Conference organized by the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain. Complementary to the conference program, the workshops aimed at exploiting new issues, challenges and solutions for Enterprise Interoperability. The scope of the workshops spanned a wide range of interoperability issues in Service Science and Innovation, Model Driven Interoperability, Service Oriented Architectures, Factories of the Future, Enterprise Networks and Management, SME Aspects and Standards.
Enterprises’ Green Growth Model and Value Chain Reconstruction: Theory and Method
by Nengmin Wang Qi Jiang Bin Jiang Zhengwen HeThe goal of this book is to improve the ability of enterprises to implement the green growth model and value chain reconstruction. China’s environmental development strategies, such as carbon peak emission and carbon neutrality, have created new challenges and requirements for enterprises to “go green.” In addition, anti-globalization and the complex dynamic uncertainty caused by COVID-19 have changed the operational environment that enterprises face. The application of new technologies, including the new generation of information technologies and the whole process management technology, provides solutions for the implementation of enterprises’ green growth model and value chain reconstruction. Based on China’s enterprise management cases, this book reveals the connotative features of enterprises’ green growth model and their evolutionary regularities, the overall framework and decision optimization of value chain reconstruction under the green growth model, and the approach to implementing the green growth model and value chain reconstruction. The theoretical framework of the green growth model and value chain reconstruction established in this book has enriched and developed the research results in this field. Cases of enterprises implementing the green growth model can provide references for the green transformation of enterprises and help enterprises appreciate the synergy between sustainability and growth. This book can also serve as a research reference for scholars engaged in the field of sustainable operations, as well as decision-makers and managers of relevant government departments.
Entertaining Elephants: Animal Agency and the Business of the American Circus (Animals, History, Culture)
by Susan NanceHow the lives and labors of nineteenth-century circus elephants shaped the entertainment industry.Consider the career of an enduring if controversial icon of American entertainment: the genial circus elephant. In Entertaining Elephants Susan Nance examines elephant behavior—drawing on the scientific literature of animal cognition, learning, and communications—to offer a study of elephants as actors (rather than objects) in American circus entertainment between 1800 and 1940. By developing a deeper understanding of animal behavior, Nance asserts, we can more fully explain the common history of all species.Entertaining Elephants is the first account that uses research on animal welfare, health, and cognition to interpret the historical record, examining how both circus people and elephants struggled behind the scenes to meet the profit necessities of the entertainment business. The book does not claim that elephants understood, endorsed, or resisted the world of show business as a human cultural or business practice, but it does speak of elephants rejecting the conditions of their experience. They lived in a kind of parallel reality in the circus, one that was defined by their interactions with people, other elephants, horses, bull hooks, hay, and the weather. Nance’s study informs and complicates contemporary debates over human interactions with animals in entertainment and beyond, questioning the idea of human control over animals and people's claims to speak for them. As sentient beings, these elephants exercised agency, but they had no way of understanding the human cultures that created their captivity, and they obviously had no claim on (human) social and political power. They often lived lives of apparent desperation.
Entertaining Science Experiments with Everyday Objects
by Martin GardnerTo Martin Gardner, seeing is not just believing -- it is understanding. This fundamental rule has made him one of the most successful teachers and popularizers of science in America. With the simple instructions in this book and a few commonly available household objects, you or your child can easily learn even the most difficult scientific principles by directly experiencing how they work.Gardner shows you how to re-create classic experiments with easily obtainable objects. Using just a flashlight, a pocket mirror, and a bowl of water, you can demonstrate the color composition of white light just as Newton did 300 years ago. With cardboard, colored paper, and wax paper you can perform "Meyer's experiment" with complementary colors. You need only a playing card, a spool, and a thumbtack to demonstrate Bernoulli's principle of aerodynamics. A soda bottle filled with water, a few paper matches, and a toy balloon elucidate Pascal's law governing pressure in liquids. And two drinking glasses, some matches, and a piece of wet blotting paper re-create a famous experiment, first performed in 1650 in Magdeburg, Germany, that dramatically reveals the force of ordinary atmospheric pressure.In language simple enough to be easily understood by an 11-year-old, yet technically accurate and informative enough to benefit adults, and aided by Anthony Ravielli's clear illustrations, Gardner presents a splendid practical course in basic science and mathematics. While your child perplexes and delights his or her friends with a series of 100 amusing tricks and experiments, he or she is learning the principles of astronomy, chemistry, physiology, psychology, general mathematics, topology, probability, geometry, numbers, optics (light), gravity, static electricity, mechanics, air hydraulics, thermodynamics (heat), acoustics (sound), and inertia. This is a perfect refresher course for adults as well as an ideal introduction to science for youngsters."The experiments ... are all clearly explained and unusually well illustrated." -- Booklist.
An Entertainment for Angels: Electricity in the Enlightenment
by Patricia FaraCharacterizing electricity as "the greatest scientific invention of the Enlightenment," Fara (history of science, U. of Cambridge, UK) reconstructs the history of the discovery of electricity that pre- existed Benjamin Franklin's oft-cited kite. It is a history in which the instruments largely preceded the theory and "there was no clear path of development." Nevertheless, the development of those instruments, especially air pumps and Leyden jars, was absolutely necessary for later discoveries about electricity. Annotation ©2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
An Entirely Synthetic Fish
by Anders HalversonAnders Halverson provides an exhaustively researched and grippingly rendered account of the rainbow trout and why it has become the most commonly stocked and controversial freshwater fish in the United States. Discovered in the remote waters of northern California, rainbow trout have been artificially propagated and distributed for more than 130 years by government officials eager to present Americans with an opportunity to get back to nature by going fishing. Proudly dubbed "an entirely synthetic fish" by fisheries managers, the rainbow trout has been introduced into every state and province in the United States and Canada and to every continent except Antarctica, often with devastating effects on the native fauna. Halverson examines the paradoxes and reveals a range of characters, from nineteenth-century boosters who believed rainbows could be the saviors of democracy to twenty-first-century biologists who now seek to eradicate them from waters around the globe. Ultimately, the story of the rainbow trout is the story of our relationship with the natural world--how it has changed and how it startlingly has not.
The Entolomataceae of Tasmania
by Genevieve M. Gates Machiel NoordeloosThis book is the result of 14 years of collecting Entolomataceae in the native forests of Tasmania, Australia. Although initially involving only the Tasmanian residents Genevieve Gates and David Ratkowsky, who made twice- or thrice-weekly forays into the forests throughout the year, the project was subsequently joined by agaric specialist Machiel Noordeloos from the Netherlands, and by fungi photographer Michael Pilkington from the United Kingdom. The international character of the project is further evidenced by the earlier contributions of American mycologist Tim Baroni to the Tasmanian Rhodocybe species which form the basis of the chapter on the now-expanded concept of Clitopilus, and a visit of several months in 2010 by Brazilian Ph.D. candidate Fernanda Karstedt, who tested the keys to the Entoloma species. Consequently, several thousand well-annotated collections were found during this inventory and form the basis of this monographic treatment of the Entoloma and Clitopilus of Tasmania. The resulting 90 Entoloma species and 10 Clitopilus species are well documented with standardized descriptions, line drawings of fruit bodies and diagnostic microscopic characters, and, when available, with colour photographs. Thanks to the intensive search, it was possible to illustrate most species in colour. Dichotomous keys facilitate identification of the species. The species concept used is morphologically based; in several cases, however, identification to species level is supported by molecular data.
The Entomology Of Indigenous And Naturalized Systems In Agriculture
by Marvin K Harris Charlie E Rogers Carl ShanksThis book highlights some agriculturally important plants and their associated arthropod complexes with a biological, as well as an agricultural, perspective. It discusses how limited knowledge of entomology may be used to enhance management of pest species in cultivated sunflower.
Entomology & Palynology: Evidence From The Natural World (Solving Crimes With Science: Forensics #12)
by Maryalice WalkerWho committed the crime? When? Even the smallest of witnesses can tell scientists stories that will make or break a criminal case. Insects and pollen grains help forensic scientists bring criminals to justice. A suspect escapes a crime scene, leaving not a trace of evidence behind--except for the hind leg of a grasshopper, which helps convict him of murder. A thief runs through a cornfield, relieved that no one saw him commit the crime--unaware of the tiny grains of pollen stuck to his shirt. Plants and insects hold clues to guilt or innocence. Evidence from nature is all around us, silently and swiftly leaving fingerprints, unnoticed by even the most cunning of criminals.
Entomology Redefined: Insect-Based Solutions For Agriculture
by Abdul Rahaman M Nadaf S Venukumar S. Vinoth Kumar Thakar Pratikkumar Kamleshbhai R SangaviAlthough their significance often goes unnoticed in our day-to-day lives, insects are diverse creatures that play an indispensable role in our ecosystems.This book presents an in-depth discussion about the field of entomology and discusses the anatomy and physiology of insects, their unique body structures, and how they contribute to their diverse ways of life. It also details the mechanisms behind their behaviors – from intricate mating rituals to elaborate communication methods, and explores the vital roles insects play in pollination, nutrient cycling, and maintaining the delicate balance of ecosystems.The subject matter of this book also includes stories of insect discovery, examples of research, and insights into the ongoing efforts to conserve insect diversity in the face of environmental challenges.Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan)
Entomopathogenic Fungi: Prospects and Challenges
by Sunil Kumar Deshmukh Kandikere Ramaiah SridharThis book brings together the molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of entomopathogenic fungi, various aspects of mycoinsecticide development, and regulatory aspects to highlight the immense contribution of the agricultural sector. The chapters address aspects of entomopathogenic fungi, including host-pathogen interactions (susceptibility and resistance), fungus-insect and fungus-fungus dual interactions, phylogeny and taxonomy, biochemistry, and molecular basis of enteropathogenesis, market potential of entomopathogens, regulatory aspects, bioprospecting of fungi, fungi as crop bodyguards and in disease suppression, and consortia for the control of insect pests and pathogens in single crop systems. Written by experts in academia and industry from Algeria, Brazil, Hungary, India, Italy, Malaysia, Oman, Pakistan, and the United States, the book overviews entomopathogenic fungi used as biological control agents against insect pests and other arthropods, their mode of action, pathogenesis, bioactive metabolites, mycotoxins involved, their mass production, limitations, and agricultural- and environment-related issues. It also includes developing various biopesticide products, with special references to formulations and prospects. In agriculture, crop protection and production depend on insect pests controlled by entomopathogenic fungi. Understanding the pathogenicity, mechanism of action, formulations, and applications of a wide array of entomopathogenic fungi as biopesticides is a valid eco-friendly approach. The book provides advances in pathogenicity, biochemistry, virulence, and interaction that facilitate the application of Beauveria, Metarhizium, and other entomopathogens as potential biopesticides against major insect pests. Developments in bioactive compounds, secondary metabolites, enzymes, and toxins of entomopathogenic fungi have facilitated precise applications and management to target insect pests. Further advances in molecular aspects, the formulation of nanobiopesticides, and biofabricated technology paved the way for insect pest control. This book will be a helpful resource for students, teachers, researchers, scientists, and professionals in the industry working on biological sciences, applied entomology, mycology, zoology, forestry, biochemistry, molecular biology, and nanotechnology.
Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Their Symbiotic Bacteria: A Laboratory Manual (Springer Protocols Handbooks)
by S. Sivaramakrishnan M. RaziaThis book provides basic information and different protocols associated with the Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their symbiotic bacteria. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis and their associated bacterial symbionts Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus aid nematode infective juveniles (IJs) in infecting and killing their insect hosts, creating a unique tripartite complex of host-vector-symbiont interactions. Due to this insect killing capability, EPNs are used as biological control agents of economically important insect pests. They are also a model system to study host-parasite interactions.It provides a systematic approach to various nematode procedures including pathogenicity, reproduction, foraging behaviour. It gives a brief outline on historical aspects, nematode-bacterium complex, biology and chemical ecology of EPNs. It concisely describes host insect rearing, nematode sampling and storage, isolation techniques, counting, handling and staining of nematodes, characterization including morphological, molecular and ecological studies, mass production, virulence bioassay, field application and efficacy. The book also includes methods and techniques for their associated symbiotic bacteria.This book serves as a laboratory manual and assists the readers to undertake advanced research in different aspects related to nematodes. It is useful for researchers in the fields of nematology, microbiology, bacteriology and entomology.