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Explanation, Quantity and Law (Routledge Revivals)
by John ForgePublished in 1999, this work sets out to give an account of explanation which is adequate to the problems that arise when looking at physical science. It offers a theory of explanation with supporting analysis, and also an application to the task of giving an account of explanation in quantum mechanics.
Explanatorium of History: From the First Tools to the Climate Crisis (DK Explanatorium)
by DKDiscover the story of &“us&” — from the dawn of human history up to the world we live in today.This visually stunning history encyclopedia for children takes you on an epic fact-packed journey through the past. Explore historical events through vivid illustrations and engaging explanations.Inside the pages of this fascinating history book for kids ages 10-14, you&’ll find: • Gorgeous images of objects, paintings and landscapes that bring history to life. • In-depth information using targeted captions and annotation. • Supporting artwork panels allow for a deeper understanding. • Comprehensive historical reference. Welcome to the SI Explanatorium. Take a look inside to reveal how history works! From the evolution and migrations of early humans to the rise and fall of great empires like Ancient Rome and the Aztecs, this history reference book shows you the major turning points in history.Get the inside track on wars and conflict, including European knights, Japanese samurai, Inca warriors and the major clashes of World War I, World War II, the Cold War, the War on Terror and so much more. It&’s the perfect children&’s visual encyclopedia for young history buffs.There are more SI Explanatoriums to explore! Get closer to nature than you&’ve ever been before with SI Explanatorium of Nature and see the world of science come to life with SI Explanatorium of Science.
Explanatorium of Nature (DK Explanatorium)
by DKGet closer to nature than you&’ve ever been before with this jaw-dropping guide to our wonderful world. Marvel at the breathtaking photography showcasing flora and fauna in the most incredible, intricate detail. From ants to elephants, the animal kingdom is explored and explained in this extraordinary encyclopedia that puts you at the heart of the action. See the tiny spines on a stinging nettle, watch lichen spreading over a tree, and observe the secret suckers on an iguana&’s feet. The mysteries of the natural world are displayed in brand new images, together with cross-sections, macro, and electron microscope images. Alongside the utterly absorbing visual content, Explanatorium of Nature brings its own fountain of knowledge about how nature works. For instance, did you know baby foxes that are born with blue eyes turn to gold? Or that reptile scales are made from the same material as your fingernails? Discover how spiders spin webs, how birds fly, how snakes kill, and much, much more. This irresistible book is a guaranteed favorite for animal lovers, nature enthusiasts, and budding wildlife experts everywhere.
Explanatorium of Nature: Where the Wonders of the World are Revealed (DK Explanatorium)
by DKGet closer to nature than you’ve ever been before with this jaw-dropping guide to our wonderful world. Marvel at the breathtaking photography showcasing flora and fauna in the most incredible, intricate detail. From ants to elephants, the animal kingdom is explored and explained in this extraordinary encyclopedia that puts you at the heart of the action. See the tiny spines on a stinging nettle, watch lichen spreading over a tree, and observe the secret suckers on an iguana’s feet. The mysteries of the natural world are displayed in brand new images, together with cross-sections, macro, and electron microscope images. Alongside the utterly absorbing visual content, Explanatorium of Nature brings its own fountain of knowledge about how nature works. For instance, did you know baby foxes that are born with blue eyes turn to gold? Or that reptile scales are made from the same material as your fingernails? Discover how spiders spin webs, how birds fly, how snakes kill, and much, much more. This irresistible book is a guaranteed favorite for animal lovers, nature enthusiasts, and budding wildlife experts everywhere.
Explanatorium of Science
by Smithsonian Institution DkOpen up this book to reveal how science really works! Watch as mixtures merge and matter changes state. Discover how some chemical changes can be reversed, yet others can't, and why some reactions produce a bang! See bacteria at work in the world around us, and even inside the human digestive system. Understand the tricks that light plays and unlock the secrets of electricity to find out how it powers your home.
Explanatorium of the Earth (DK Explanatorium)
by DKWelcome to the Explanatorium of the Earth - the only Earth encyclopedia for children you'll ever need, with amazing photographs of everything from supervolcanoes to tsunamis.What makes volcanoes erupt? Why are tornadoes and hurricanes so destructive? How do rocks, fossils, and gems form? Explanatorium of the Earth takes you on an incredible voyage deep into the heart of our planet and back to discover the powerful forces that continually shape and remodel our ever-changing world. Discover how tectonic plates tear apart and collide, moving inch by inch to create continents, mountain ranges, oceans, and volcanoes. Witness the destructive power of earthquakes, tsunamis, and hurricanes. Learn how the slow but relentless process of erosion and weathering wear away rock, reducing mountains to dust and carving valleys and canyons into the land. And learn how the living world and rock cycles have worked together for millions of years to stabilize the planet's climate, keeping Earth suitable for life.
Explanatory Pluralism
by C. MantzavinosExplaining phenomena is one of the main activities in which scientists engage. This book proposes a new philosophical theory of scientific explanation by developing and defending the position of explanatory pluralism with the help of the notion of 'explanatory games'. Mantzavinos provides a descriptive account of the explanatory activity of scientists in different domains and shows how they differ from commonsensical explanations offered in everyday life by ordinary people and also from explanations offered in religious contexts. He also shows how an evaluation and a critical appraisal of explanations put forward in different social arenas can take place on the basis of different values. Explanatory Pluralism provides solutions to all important descriptive and normative problems of the philosophical theory of explanation as illustrated in sophisticated case studies from economics and medicine, but also from mythology and religion.
Explodierende Vielfalt: Wie Komplexität entsteht
by Eberhard KlemptVerstehen wir die Welt? Wie ist unsere Welt entstanden? Warum gibt es so viel Materie und so wenig Antimaterie? Wie bildeten sich die weiträumigen Strukturen in unserem Universum? Und wie entstanden aus der unbelebten Materie die ersten reproduktionsfähigen Lebewesen? Welcher Anpassungsdruck erzeugte die Artenvielfalt und letztlich die Hominiden? Wie entwickelten sich Bewusstsein, Kreativität, Religion? In dem vorliegenden Buch beantworten herausragende Wissenschaftler diese und viele weitere spannende Fragen und erklären, wie aus einfachen Anfängen und simplen Regeln immer wieder komplizierte Strukturen entstanden sind. Diese sogenannte Selbstorganisation wird an Beispielen aus den verschiedensten Disziplinen demonstriert – sei es bei der Geburt des Universums, auf der Ebene der Quarks und der Atome, bei der Entstehung des Lebens und bei seiner Ausdifferenzierung in die Vielzahl der Lebensformen bis hin zum Menschen selbst, mit seinen kulturell und wissenschaftlich immer höher entwickelten Gesellschaften. Interessierte Leser können mit Hilfe dieses Buches nachvollziehen, mit welchen Erkenntnissen und Thesen die Wissenschaft heute erklärt, wie die Natur mit einfachen Grundbausteinen und Gesetzen solch komplexe Gefüge geschaffen hat.
Explodierende Zahnplomben und vergiftete Pralinen: Die merkwürdigsten Wissenschaftler aller Zeiten
by Winfried KöppelleEin schottischer Genetiker begeistert sich für Sauerstoffentzug und Stickstoffvergiftungen, pustet sich Zigarrenrauch durchs perforierte Trommelfell und steckt die eigene Gattin in seine Unterdruckkammer.Eine inselbegabte Autistin kriecht auf allen Vieren durch Schlachthöfe, entspannt sich in ihrer selbsterfundenen „Presskiste“, und steigt zur führenden Expertin für humanes Metzgerhandwerk auf.Ein Selfmade-Chemiker rottet mit seinen Erfindungen beinahe die Menschheit aus – und erwürgt sich mit einer seiner Konstruktionen versehentlich selbst.Ein Anthropologie-Professor fabriziert an der Uni illegale Drogen und wandert hinter Gitter. Nach seiner Entlassung schickt er seinem Richter vergiftete Pralinen – und bekommt lebenslänglich.Wer schon immer vermutete, dass intelligente Menschen oft auch sehr eigenartige Zeitgenossen sind – hier der Beweis: Zehn Kurzbiografien zwischen Genie und Wahnsinn – zehnmal Unerhörtes, Sagenhaftes, Haarsträubendes und Skandalöses aus der elitären Welt der Spitzenforschung.
Exploding Stars and Invisible Planets: The Science of What's Out There
by Fred WatsonWhat happens to space and matter near a black hole? Where did the moon come from? How do we know what stars are made of? Are we alone in the universe?In Exploding Stars and Invisible Planets, Fred Watson, an award-winning astronomer, presents the most up-to-date knowledge on hot topics in astronomy and space science, providing a fascinating and entertaining account of the latest research. Watson explains how to find invisible planets around other stars, why dark matter matters, and the future of citizen space travel, all while recounting the seismic shifts in understanding that have taken place during his illustrious career.The book features illuminating discussions of microbes in space; the dividing line between day and night; exploding stars and light echoes; fast radio bursts and signals from space; meteors, meteorites, and space dust; what happened to the Martian ocean; the seas and lakes of Titan; and the birth of the universe.
Exploitation of Fungi: Symposium of the British Mycological Society Held at the University of Manchester September 2005
by G. D. Robson G. M. GaddThe fungi are a highly diverse kingdom of eukaryotic microbes. Recent advances in molecular genetics, together with the release of whole genome sequences of an increasing number of fungi, are facilitating their exploitation and commercialisation. Fungi have the ability to secrete large quantities of proteins of commercial value, and their complex secondary metabolic pathways produce a diverse range of bioactive compounds which have had a major impact in the pharmaceuticals market. In addition, the fungi themselves are increasingly being developed as alternatives to conventional chemically-based pest control strategies, and as bioremediation agents capable of transforming pollutants in the soil environment. With chapters written by international experts, this volume highlights current and future biological, biochemical, and molecular exploitation of the fungi in biotechnology. It will have broad appeal, not only to mycologists and microbiologists, but also to biomedical scientists, biotechnologists, environmental and molecular scientists, plant pathologists and geneticists.
Exploiting the Use of Strong Nonlinearity in Dynamics and Acoustics (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #613)
by Oleg V. Gendelman Alexander F. VakakisThis book covers the latest ideas and approaches in strongly nonlinear dynamical and acoustical systems and discusses appropriate modelling tools and practical examples highlighting the non-standard and non-stationary aspects of this challenging, yet so promising area. The contributions investigate and present the intentional use of nonlinearity in the most challenging field of acoustics, the latest developments in transient dynamics of strongly nonlinear systems, the subtle numeric problems arising while exploring nonlinear normal modes, the fascinating topic of nonlinear dynamics of wind musical instruments, the novel developments in the field of global nonlinear dynamics, some multi-faceted mathematical challenges in the dynamics of hysteretic systems, and lastly offers theoretical, numeric and experimental insights into the intricate dynamics of systems with contact nonlinearities. The need for such a work is underscored by the fact that accounting for, understanding of, and designing with nonlinearities is becoming an emerging universal trend in engineering practice, and is predicted to be even more so in the future. The book demonstrates that the idea of exploiting strong nonlinearity in dynamical and acoustical systems has transitioned from few early theoretical works to a diverse theoretical and experimental body of current research.
Exploradores del futuro: Como la ciencia del mañana traspasará las barreras de lo que imaginamos hoy
by Juan ScaliterLos avances científicos se suceden a un ritmo desorbitado debido a la simbiosis entre ciencia y tecnología.Una semana de lectura de un periódico serio aporta más conocimiento del que una persona del siglo XVIII podría abarcar a lo largo de toda su vida. En solo tres años un ordenador equiparará la capacidad de procesamiento del cerebro humano, y en el 2049 la capacidad de toda la población del planeta. La información nueva sobre ciencia y tecnología que se generará este último año superará a la de los últimos 5.000 años. Estas son algunas de las premisas que nos presenta Juan Scáliter. El progreso es indudablemente positivo, pero puede ser fuente de muchos problemas si no sabemos cómo adaptarnos. El autor propone cambios drásticos para el desarrollo adecuado de nuestra especie y nos explica cuáles son las estrategias viables y necesarias para poder optimizar todos estos cambios y convertirnos en arquitectos de nuestro futuro.
Exploration and Engineering: The Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Quest for Mars (New Series in NASA History)
by Erik M. ConwayGetting to Mars required engineering genius, scientific strategy, and the drive to persevere in the face of failure.Although the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, has become synonymous with the United States’ planetary exploration during the past half century, its most recent focus has been on Mars. Beginning in the 1990s and continuing through the Mars Phoenix mission of 2007, JPL led the way in engineering an impressive, rapidly evolving succession of Mars orbiters and landers, including roving robotic vehicles whose successful deployment onto the Martian surface posed some of the most complicated technical problems in space flight history.In Exploration and Engineering, Erik M. Conway reveals how JPL engineers’ creative technological feats led to major breakthroughs in Mars exploration. He takes readers into the heart of the lab’s problem-solving approach and management structure, where talented scientists grappled with technical challenges while also coping, not always successfully, with funding shortfalls, unrealistic schedules, and managerial turmoil.Conway, JPL’s historian, offers an insider’s perspective into the changing goals of Mars exploration, the ways in which sophisticated computer simulations drove the design process, and the remarkable evolution of landing technologies over a thirty-year period.
Exploration and Meaning Making in the Learning of Science
by Bernard ZubrowskiThis book provides a broad and deep rationale for various pedagogical practices associated with the teaching of science. The main thesis of this book is that the exploratory phase of scientific inquiry is undervalued and its purpose misunderstood. Furthermore, there is a need for an expanded conception or alternative way of thinking about the so called learning cycle that has been frequently cited as the pedagogical model for a fair number of curriculum programs. A pedagogical model is proposed that recognizes learning cycles as ones that build on each other in an in-depth developmental manner. It presents an alternative paradigm that gives more attention to the motivation of students and assigns an essential role for student input. The overall goal is to move the reader to think more holistically about the practice of science education. This original and unorthodox book summarizes the author's present thinking about curriculum design and direct work with students. The author draws upon his varied experiences to present a case for the importance of direct engagement with phenomena and materials. He argues that this practice is more than a matter of motivating students to become engaged in inquiry. The first four chapters lay out different levels of a pedagogical approach and an overall theoretical orientation. The middle chapters focus on what might be called sensory knowledge. These are concerned with the role of different sensory engagement, movement as related to gestural representation and the role of empathy in exploration. The last four chapters are about the role of aesthetic, play, variable exploration and metaphor in their shaping of science education experiences. Each chapter is introduced with a scenario or case study describing the behavior and talk of elementary or middle school students. The intention of these scenarios is to help the reader stay grounded while considering the more abstract development of research reports and broader philosophical issues.
Exploration of Quantum Transport Phenomena via Engineering Emergent Magnetic Fields in Topological Magnets (Springer Theses)
by Yukako FujishiroThis book addresses novel electronic and thermoelectronic properties arising from topological spin textures as well as topologically non-trivial electronic structures. In particular, it focuses on a unique topological spin texture, i.e., spin hedgehog lattice, emerging in a chiral magnet and explore its novel properties which are distinct from the conventional skyrmion lattice, and discusses the possibility of realizing high-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect through quantum confinement effect in topological semimetal. This book benefits students and researchers working in the field of condensed matter physics, through providing comprehensive understanding of the current status and the outlook in the field of topological magnets.
Exploration of the Outer Heliosphere and the Local Interstellar Medium: A WORKSHOP REPORT
by Committee on Solar Space PhysicsA report on the Exploration of the Outer Heliosphere and the Local Interstellar Medium
Explorations (Eighth Edition): Introduction to Astronomy
by Thomas T. Arny Stephen E. SchneiderThe eighth edition of Explorations: An Introduction to Astronomy strives to share with students a sense of wonder about the universe and the dynamic, ever-changing science of astronomy. Written for students of various educational backgrounds, Explorations emphasizes current information, a visually exciting art package, accessible writing, and accuracy. The new edition also features the most complete technology support package offered with any astronomy text.
Explorations An Introduction to Astronomy 5th Edition
by Thomas T. Arny Stephen E. SchneiderThis book is divided into 6 major parts : The Night Sky ,Atoms, Forces, Light, and How We Learn About the Universe,The Earth and Moon ,The Solar System,Stars , and The Milky Way and Other Galaxies.
Explorations Between Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience: At the Edge of Mind and Brain (The Routledge Neuropsychoanalysis Series)
by David D. OldsExplorations Between Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience brings together the life's work of David Olds, pioneering psychoanalyst, psychiatrist, philosopher, and key figure in neuropsychoanalysis.Throughout the chapters, the reader is taken on a journey through Olds' theories on psychoanalysis and neuroscience as he develops new ways of examining the brain and human thought. Olds instills in the reader the importance of taking an interdisciplinary approach to psychoanalysis, psychiatry and working with patients. He expands upon his philosophical background and integrates evolutionary biology, neurobiology, cognitive science and semiotics to show the importance of dual aspect monism in neuropsychoanalysis. The theories developed by Olds and presented in this volume will help analysts working with patients facing issues with memory, affect, consciousness, cognition and trauma, among other difficulties.This book will be essential reading to psychoanalysts and psychiatrists, as well as anybody interested in neuropsychoanalysis and the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to analytic thinking and practice.
Explorations in Archaeology and Philosophy (Synthese Library #433)
by Anton Killin Sean Allen-HermansonThis volume explores various themes at the intersection of archaeology and philosophy: inference and theory; interdisciplinary connections; cognition, language and normativity; and ethical issues. Showcasing this heterogeneity, its scope ranges from the method of analogical inference to the evolution of the human mind; from conceptual issues in assessing the health of past populations to the ethics of cultural heritage tourism. It probes the archaeological record for evidence of numeracy, curiosity and creativity, and social complexity. Its contributors comprise an interdisciplinary cluster of philosophers, archaeologists, anthropologists, and psychologists, from a variety of career stages, of whom many are leading experts in their fields. Chapter 3 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Explorations in Cognitive Neuropsychology
by Alan ParkinCognitive neuropsychology has now established a major place in the teaching of undergraduate psychology degrees and is an important topic of postgraduate research. The subject is also of increasing interest to clinicians because of its links with devising remediation procedures for people with brain injury. Explorations in Cognitive Neuropsychology is the first major text to appear on this topic since the late 1980s and thus introduces the reader to a vast amount of research previously unavailable in textbook format. The book is written in a lively and engaging style which nonetheless enables the reader to get a scholarly, in-depth overview of this important field. The coverage of topics is very broad-ranging. It begins with an overview of the subject including issues such as research strategy and advances in neuroimaging. Following this are chapters on blindsight, agnosia, facial processing impairments, and the rapidly growing area of neglect. The next chapter is devoted to studies of the split brain. Two chapters then cover the enormous developments in devising functional architectures of the language system from the observation of discrete language impairments. Various aspects of memory impairments are then discussed and the book ends with a consideration of frontal lobe functions. At various points the book also covers the contribution of connectionist modelling to cognitive neuropsychology.
Explorations in Earth Science:The Physical Setting
by Richard Osmun Brian Vorwald Sally WegnerExplorations in Earth Science contains a collection of 68 laboratory investigations that can be incorporated into an Earth science course that covers geology, weather, climate, astronomy, and environmental issues. The variety of the exercises contained in the manual provides instructors with the flexibility to use those that suit their individual preferences and which they view as essential for their students. Included is a Prologue that contains activities that address the skills and concepts that are integrated throughout an Earth science course. The investigations are aligned with the New York State Math, Science, and Technology Standards and the National Science Education Standards. Appendices in the manual correlate labs to the New York State Physical Setting/Earth Science Core Curriculum and several well-known textbooks. Also included are appendices containing the Earth Science Reference Tables required by the New York State Physical Setting Core Curriculum and supplementary charts teachers will find useful in delivering their courses. Incorporated into the Teacher's Edition is an appendix suggesting Internet sites appropriate for each chapter. Each laboratory investigation contains clearly stated instructions, report sheets, and questions that reflect both the procedural techniques and results students should obtain. Many labs can be adapted to an inquiry/problem-solving approach in which the written activity would often serve the teacher as a guide, but might not be used by students. The Teacher's Edition contains an array of suggested long-term investigations, an equipment and supplies list, and a comprehensive guide preceding each activity. This section is of great use to veteran teachers and is most valuable to teachers new to teaching Earth Science.
Explorations in Neuroscience, Psychology and Religion (Routledge Science and Religion Series)
by Kevin S. SeyboldIn the 1990s great strides were taken in clarifying how the brain is involved in behaviors that, in the past, had seldom been studied by neuroscientists or psychologists. This book explores the progress begun during that momentous decade in understanding why we behave, think and feel the way we do, especially in those areas that interface with religion. What is happening in the brain when we have a religious experience? Is the soul a product of the mind which is, in turn, a product of the brain? If so, what are the implications for the Christian belief in an afterlife? If God created humans for the purpose of having a relationship with him, should we expect to find that our spirituality is a biologically evolved human trait? What effect might a disease such as Alzheimer's have on a person's spirituality and relationship with God? Neuroscience and psychology are providing information relevant to each of these questions, and many Christians are worried that their religious beliefs are being threatened by this research. Kevin Seybold attempts to put their concerns to rest by presenting some of the scientific findings coming from these disciplines in a way that is understandable yet non-threatening to Christian belief.
Explorations in Quantum Computing
by Colin P. WilliamsBy the year 2020, the basic memory components of a computer will be the size of individual atoms. At such scales, the current theory of computation will become invalid. "Quantum computing" is reinventing the foundations of computer science and information theory in a way that is consistent with quantum physics - the most accurate model of reality currently known. Remarkably, this theory predicts that quantum computers can perform certain tasks breathtakingly faster than classical computers - and, better yet, can accomplish mind-boggling feats such as teleporting information, breaking supposedly "unbreakable" codes, generating true random numbers, and communicating with messages that betray the presence of eavesdropping. This widely anticipated second edition of Explorations in Quantum Computing explains these burgeoning developments in simple terms, and describes the key technological hurdles that must be overcome to make quantum computers a reality. This easy-to-read, time-tested, and comprehensive textbook provides a fresh perspective on the capabilities of quantum computers, and supplies readers with the tools necessary to make their own foray into this exciting field. Topics and features: concludes each chapter with exercises and a summary of the material covered; provides an introduction to the basic mathematical formalism of quantum computing, and the quantum effects that can be harnessed for non-classical computation; discusses the concepts of quantum gates, entangling power, quantum circuits, quantum Fourier, wavelet, and cosine transforms, and quantum universality, computability, and complexity; examines the potential applications of quantum computers in areas such as search, code-breaking, solving NP-Complete problems, quantum simulation, quantum chemistry, and mathematics; investigates the uses of quantum information, including quantum teleportation, superdense coding, quantum data compression, quantum cloning, quantum negation, and quantum cryptography; reviews the advancements made towards practical quantum computers, covering developments in quantum error correction and avoidance, and alternative models of quantum computation. This text/reference is ideal for anyone wishing to learn more about this incredible, perhaps "ultimate," computer revolution. Dr. Colin P. Williams is Program Manager for Advanced Computing Paradigms at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and CEO of Xtreme Energetics, Inc. an advanced solar energy company. Dr. Williams has taught quantum computing and quantum information theory as an acting Associate Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University. He has spent over a decade inspiring and leading high technology teams and building business relationships with and Silicon Valley companies. Today his interests include terrestrial and Space-based power generation, quantum computing, cognitive computing, computational material design, visualization, artificial intelligence, evolutionary computing, and remote olfaction. He was formerly a Research Scientist at Xerox PARC and a Research Assistant to Prof. Stephen W. Hawking, Cambridge University.