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Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVIII (Springer Proceedings in Complexity)
by Clemens Mensink Oriol JorbaThis book states that current developments in air pollution modeling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This newest contribution on air pollution modeling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; long-term modeling and trend analysis; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; aerosol transformation. Additionally, this work also examines the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality.This work is a collection of selected papers presented at the 38th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, held in Barcelona, Spain, Oct 18–22, 2021. The book is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Air Pollution Prevention and Control
by Maria C. Veiga Christian KennesIn recent years, air pollution has become a major worldwide concern. Air pollutants can affect metabolic activity, impede healthy development, and exhibit carcinogenic and toxic properties in humans. Over the past two decades, the use of microbes to remove pollutants from contaminated air streams has become a widely accepted and efficient alternative to the classical physical and chemical treatment technologies. Air Pollution Prevention and Control: Bioreactors and Bioenergy focusses on these biotechnological alternatives looking at both the optimization of bioreactors and the development of cleaner biofuels.Structured in five parts, the book covers:Fundamentals and microbiological aspectsBiofilters, bioscrubbers and other end-of-pipe treatment technologiesSpecific applications of bioreactorsBiofuels production from pollutants and renewable resources (including biogas, biohydrogen, biodiesel and bioethanol) and its environmental impactsCase studies of applications including biotrickling filtration of waste gases, industrial bioscrubbers applied in different industries and biogas upgradingAir Pollution Prevention and Control: Bioreactors and Bioenergy is the first reference work to give a broad overview of bioprocesses for the mitigation of air pollution. Primarily intended for researchers and students in environmental engineering, biotechnology and applied microbiology, the book will also be of interest to industrial and governmental researchers.
Air Power in UN Operations: Wings for Peace (Military Strategy and Operational Art)
by A. Walter DornAir power for warfighting is a story that's been told many times. Air power for peacekeeping and UN enforcement is a story that desperately needs to be told. For the first-time, this volume covers the fascinating range of aerial peace functions. In rich detail it describes: aircraft transporting vital supplies to UN peacekeepers and massive amounts of humanitarian aid to war-affected populations; aircraft serving as the 'eyes in sky' to keep watch for the world organization; and combat aircraft enforcing the peace. Rich poignant case studies illuminate the past and present use of UN air power, pointing the way for the future. This book impressively fills the large gap in the current literature on peace operations, on the United Nations and on air power generally.
Air Purifier: Property, Assessment and Applications
by Zhonglin XuThis book discusses the development, types and application principles of portable air purifiers in China. It analyzes the theoretical characteristics of air purifiers under various operational conditions, and points out that the term “Clean Air Delivery Rate” cannot be used to precisely reflect the problems that occur under various operational conditions. By comparing theoretical and measured data, it highlights the mainfeatures of air purifiers and key points in the design process for different applications. Calculation methods for the indoor particle concentration and the self-purification time are also provided. The book describes the conditions for window opening in smog and for selecting air purifiers, and proposes a newmethod for improvingtheir measurement. In closing, it includes a new assessment index.
Air Quality
by Wayne T. Davis Joshua S. FuThe sixth edition of a bestseller, Air Quality provides students with a comprehensive overview of air quality, the science that continues to provide a better understanding of atmospheric chemistry and its effects on public health and the environment, and the regulatory and technological management practices employed in achieving air quality goals. Maintaining the practical approach that has made previous editions popular, the chapters have been reorganized, new material has been added, less relevant material has been deleted, and new images have been added, particularly those from Earth satellites. New in the Sixth Edition New graphics, images, and an appended list of unit conversions New problems and questions Presents all-new information on the state of air quality monitoring Provides the latest updates on air quality legislation in the United States Updates the effects of air pollution and CO2 on climate change Examines the effects of the latest changes in energy production and the related emissions and pollutants Offers broadened coverage of air pollutant emissions and air quality in a global context This new edition elucidates the challenges we face in our efforts to protect and enhance the quality of the nation’s air. It also highlights the growing global awareness of air quality issues, climate change, and public health concerns in the developing world. The breadth of coverage, review questions at the end of each chapter, extensive glossary, and list of readings place the tools for understanding into your students’ hands.
Air Quality
by Thad Godish Wayne T. Davis Joshua S. FuThe fifth edition of a bestseller, Air Quality provides students with a comprehensive overview of air quality, the science that continues to provide a better understanding of atmospheric chemistry and its effects on public health and the environment, and the regulatory and technological management practices employed in achieving air quality goals.
Air Quality and Human Health
by Markus Hecker Pratap Kumar Padhy Soumya Niyogi Pulak Kumar PatraThe book is one of the outcomes of the SPARC (Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration) project titled "Fine particulates matters in the air environment and their cancer risks in human beings," sponsored by MHRD (now MoE), Govt. of India. The editors of the book are PIs and Co-PIs of the said project. The text deliberates on air pollution's health risks with contributions from well-known experts from diverse research fields (environmental science, toxicology, geology, public health science, biology, physics, chemistry, and geospatial technology). It explores it its control and mitigation strategies. The book provides an up-to-date overview of the modern methods and tools used in air quality monitoring and human health risk assessment. Case studies from different global settings offer invaluable insights into air pollution-related regional health issues. It addresses all aspects of air quality, covering indoor-outdoor air pollution, gaseous and particulate pollutants; characterization of source and pathways of air pollutants; and the modeling and assessing of health risks (respiratory, epidemiological, and toxicological) with regional and global perspectives. It also addresses air quality management issues. The lucid explanation of the role of oxidative stress mechanisms and molecular biomarkers (genomics, proteomics) may be considered as inputs into the development of cancer therapeutics. Along with providing a scientific basis for air pollution, this book will help readers appreciate the environmental determinants of public health and apply research evidence to improve the quality of life. It also delineates future research initiatives and policy actions needed to protect human health from air pollution, locally and globally. The book will be of great educational value and help for consultation and teaching.
Air Quality Management and Research in Southeast Asia (SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences)
by Erik Velasco Armando Retama Dimitris StratouliasThis book examines the capabilities for monitoring air quality, developing emission inventories, and running chemical-transport models for regulatory, forecasting, and research purposes in Southeast Asia. It also reviews scientific efforts made to better understand and characterize air pollution in the region. Poor air quality poses a threat to public health. It affects people's lives and undermines economic growth, but as in many other parts of the world, it has been overlooked in Southeast Asia. International assessments suggest that it is the culprit of 260-thousand premature deaths in the region each year, entailing a monetary cost equivalent to 6.75% of the regional GDP. Reducing air pollution requires concerted efforts from all Southeast Asian nations to implement local and regional air quality policies following a science-policy approach. For such endeavor, it is essential to develop tools that enable timely and reliable air quality management. This entails collecting data to characterize the magnitude, origin, and impact of air pollution to support corrective actions. The objective of this book is to provide a starting point for a science-based conversation about implementing solutions to Southeast Asia's air pollution problem by bringing together an analysis of the availability of air quality data and studies from across the region.
Air Quality Networks: Data Analysis, Calibration & Data Fusion (Environmental Informatics and Modeling)
by Saverio De Vito Kostas Karatzas Alena Bartonova Grazia FattorusoThis volume offers expert contributions proposing new and recently set scientific standards for smart air quality (AQ) networks data processing, along with results obtained during field deployments of pervasive and mobile systems. The book is divided into 5 main sections; 1) future air quality networks, 2) general data processing techniques, 3) field deployments performances, 4) special applications, and 5) cooperative and regulatory efforts. The authors offer different sources of data for the production of trustworthy insights, including spatio-temporal predictive AQ maps meant to boost citizen awareness, and informed participation in remediation and prevention policies. Readers will learn about the best and most up-to-date practices for measuring and assessing air quality, while also learning about current regulatory statuses regarding air quality technology design and implementation. The book will be of interest to air quality regulatory agencies, citizen science groups, city authorities, and researchers and students working with air quality sensors and geostatistics.
Air-Stable Inverted Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Katsuyuki Morii Hirohiko FukagawaThis concise volume provides an introduction to the working principles, design, and construction of air-stable inverted organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which lead to the realization of practical flexible electronics. The first part of the book reviews the history of the three generations of inverted OLEDs: hybrid organic inorganic light-emitting diodes (HOILEDs), metal oxides and organic electron injection layer, describing the materials, fabrication techniques, device structure, applications, and technological challenges involved in each case. The second part of the book focuses on the carrier injection mechanism in OLEDs.The book will be of interest to students and researchers working on organic optoelectronics.
Air That Kills: India's Pollution Problem (Fountas & Pinnell Classroom, Guided Reading Grade 5)
by Susan StubbsTOXIC AIR In some Indian cities, people hurry through the streets, gasping for air. They have trouble breathing because of the air pollution, which is so bad that it can cause illness, and even death. NIMAC-sourced textbook
Air Toxics: Problems and Solutions
by Kumar GanesanThis timely new workbook is the result of a year-long effort by a group of university professors who first met at Montana Tech during the summer of 1994 for a college faculty workshop. The workshop was funded by the National Science Foundation's support for those faculty developing courses in the newly emerging field of air toxics. Part I of the book contains over 100 problems dealing with a variety of topics in this area. Part II provides detailed solutions. The problems and solutions provided will become a useful resource for the training of engineers and scientists who are or soon will be working in the field.
Air Traffic Control Automated Systems (Springer Aerospace Technology)
by Bestugin A.R. Eshenko A.A. Filin A.D. Plyasovskikh A.P. Shatrakov A.Y. Shatrakov Y.G.This book highlights operation principles for Air Traffic Control Automated Systems (ATCAS), new scientific directions in design and application of dispatching training simulators and parameters of ATCAS radio equipment items for aircraft positioning. This book is designed for specialists in air traffic control and navigation at a professional and scientific level. The following topics are also included in this book: personnel actions in emergency, including such unforeseen circumstances as communication failure, airplane wandering off course, unrecognized aircraft appearance in the air traffic service zone, aerial target interception, fuel draining, airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS) alarm, emergency stacking and volcanic ash cloud straight ahead.
Airborne Biocontaminants and their Impact on Human Health
by Rajeev Singh Anamika SinghExplore in-depth the relationships between biological contaminants and human health found in diverse settings such as homes, hospitals, businesses, and schools Indoor air quality has an immense impact on human health and well-being. Indoor air environments can contain a huge range of biological contaminants, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects, and their various harmful byproducts. Indoor biocontamination has been under-studied as an aspect of public and occupational health, and there is an urgent need for an introduction to this vital subject. Airborne Biocontaminants and Their Impact on Human Health meets this need with a thorough, rigorous overview of major indoor airborne contaminants. Gathering and summarizing a huge range of data regarding biocontaminants in settings from homes to schools to workplaces, it investigates patterns of morbidity and their connections to major contaminants. The result is an essential tool in the broader fight for human health at home and elsewhere. Airborne Biocontaminants and Their Impact on Human Health readers will also find: Analysis of the indoor role of gases, particulate matter, and others Detailed coverage of contaminant byproducts including endotoxins, mycotoxins, volatile organic compounds, and more Methods for generating awareness and therefore reduced risk of exposure to harmful contaminants Airborne Biocontaminants and Their Impact on Human Health is ideal for researchers—biologists, environmentalists, civil and environmental engineers, industrial hygienists, safety regulators, and public health officials—interested in the area of biological contamination in different environments.
Airborne Occupational Hazards in Sewer Systems
by Amy Forsgren Kristina BrinckSewer systems fall into the category "out of sight, out of mind" – they seldom excite interest. But when things go wrong with the air in the sewer system, they go very wrong. Consequences can be dramatic and devastating: sewer workers killed instantly by poisonous gas when they lift a sewer lid, or entire suburban blocks levelled by explosions. This book describes the atmospheric dangers commonly found in the sewer system. It provides easily-understood explanations of the science behind the hazards, combined with real-life examples of when things went dramatically wrong.
Airborne Particulate Matter: Source, Chemistry and Health
by Anuradha Shukla Saurabh SonwaniThis book is about airborne particulate matter, sources, chemistry and health and contained a complete information about their emission source, transport, atmospheric chemistry, distribution at local, regional and global levels, and their level in indoor and outdoor settings. Primary and secondary particulate matters in the ambient atmosphere also describe in detail. Analytical techniques, statistical tools and mathematical models used in airborne particulate research is also described. This book also covers the important aspects of the particulate matter chemistry in atmosphere, and their adverse impact on plant and human health. A detailed insight about the harmful impact of airborne particulate matter (biogenic and anthropogenic both) on different human system is described in detail. The toxicological significance of particulate matter on human body was also mentioned. The mitigation, management and regulatory policies to control ambient particulate matter is also provided. This book is also written in simple language with helpful photographs, diagrams, tables and flowcharts which will make the reader comfortable in understanding the concepts a more relatively easier way. Overall, the present book is a valuable tool for students working in the fields of Atmospheric Science, Environmental Science, Biological Sciences, Epidemiology and Agriculture Science. This book also a unique resource for environmental consultants, researchers, policymakers and other professionals involved in air quality, plant and human health.
Airborne Wind Energy: An Overview of the Technological Approaches (Green Energy and Technology)
by Uwe AhrensThis book shows possible solutions to how a profitable energy supply can be implemented with almost no population resistance. Worldwide, more than 80 % of our energy needs are still covered by fossil fuels. Under these circumstances, can climate change still be stopped? Essential technologies for usage of wind energy with an emphasis on high-altitude wind utilization are presented. Airborne wind energy is one of the most promising technologies to enable a renewable energy turnaround in an economical way. The main problem of conventional renewable energy is the insufficient availability. To ensure a 100 % supply of renewable energy, enormous and very expensive storage capacities would have to be built up. How we can cover our entire energy needs (electricity, mobility and heat) in the future without fossil fuels, without risking the competitiveness of our economy, is shown in this book.
Airbreathing Propulsion: An Introduction (Springer Aerospace Technology)
by Tarit BoseAirbreathing Propulsion covers the physics of combustion, fluid and thermo-dynamics, and structural mechanics of airbreathing engines, including piston, turboprop, turbojet, turbofan, and ramjet engines. End-of-chapter exercises allow the reader to practice the fundamental concepts behind airbreathing propulsion, and the included PAGIC computer code will help the reader to examine the relationships between the performance parameters of different engines. Large amounts of data have on many different piston, turbojet, and turboprop engines have been compiled for this book and are included as an appendix. This textbook is ideal for senior undergraduate and graduate students studying aeronautical engineering, aerospace engineering, and mechanical engineering.
Aircraft Cryogenics (International Cryogenics Monograph Series)
by Ernst Wolfgang Stautner Kiruba S. Haran Phillip J. Ansell Constantinos MinasThis book gives a step-by-step approach to the design of a cryogenic infrastructure required for superconducting, all-electric aircraft systems which is also partially applicable to liquid hydrogen fueled subsonic and hypersonic aircraft, as well as hybrids. While there is no shortage of publications on hydrogen fueled aircraft, this book puts the past journal literature through a magnifying glass and condenses it into an engineering strategy for the next steps to enable liquid hydrogen storage and distribution in aircraft. Emphasis is placed on tank design, manufacturability, safety features, and minimum tank weight, providing a holistic focus on the logistics of hydrogen management for all major components within the aircraft as well as on future superconducting motor architecture. The intention is to fully exploit the benefits of a liquid hydrogen reservoir without any need for additional cryogenic fluids, with relevance to cooling of various superconducting components e.g., motors and superconducting cables, as well as the heat sinking of power electronics and for fueling the fuel cell stack system. A liquid hydrogen tank hold-time analysis reveals the main governing factors and describes the required efforts for minimizing onboard boil off for aircraft designs with different flight mission duration. This is followed by an outlook showing where cryotankage technology and cryogenic aircraft architecture may move within the next 20 years embedded in a green hydrogen-based economy and how basic research will need to play a major role to help us realizing these future designs by consequently eliminating whitespace within today's technology landscape. This book is also an aircraft engineering resource on composites, hydrogen properties, general aircraft materials and safety.
Aircraft Fatigue Management (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Lorrie MolentFatigue occurs under cyclic loading and can significantly degrade the operational capability and safety of metallic aircraft components and structures. This book provides summaries of some metallic aircraft structural integrity issues, innovative but established examples of maintaining operational capability—airworthiness, and assessments of safe in-service fatigue lives. These topics are based on a through-life fatigue management philosophy that ensures safe and continued operation, including during life extensions that are almost inevitably required. This philosophy is underpinned by observations of the behaviour of fatigue cracks in actual structures subjected to realistic service loading conditions. The book includes topics like aircraft design requirements, individual aircraft fatigue loads monitoring, airframe fatigue testing, sources of fatigue-nucleating discontinuities, and prediction of fatigue crack growth from these discontinuities. All these aspects contribute to discussing methods of assuring the structural integrity and operational capability of realistically cracked structures. The book also discusses the exponential behaviour of lead or dominant cracks—those leading to first failure—and the practical significance of differences between fatigue fracture topographies produced under constant amplitude and variable amplitude loading. The book can be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in aircraft fatigue management and allied fields.
Aircraft Performance: An Engineering Approach
by Mohammad H. SadraeyAircraft Performance: An Engineering Approach introduces flight performance analysis techniques that enable readers to determine performance and flight capabilities of aircraft. Flight performance analysis for prop-driven and jet aircraft is explored, supported by examples and illustrations, many in full color. MATLAB programming for performance analysis is included, and coverage of modern aircraft types is emphasized. The text builds a strong foundation for advanced coursework in aircraft design and performance analysis.
Aircraft Performance: An Engineering Approach
by Mohammad H. SadraeyAircraft Performance: An Engineering Approach, Second Edition introduces flight performance analysis techniques of fixed-wing air vehicles, particularly heavier-than-aircraft. It covers maximum speed, absolute ceiling, rate of climb, range, endurance, turn performance, and takeoff run.Enabling the reader to analyze the performance and flight capabilities of an aircraft by utilizing only the aircraft weight data, geometry, and engine characteristics, this book covers the flight performance analysis for both propeller-driven and jet aircraft. The second edition features new content on vertical takeoff and landing, UAV launch, UAV recovery, use of rocket engine as the main engine, range for electric aircraft, electric engine, endurance for electric aircraft, gliding flight, pull-up, and climb-turn. In addition, this book includes end-of-chapter problems, MATLAB® code and examples, and case studies to enhance and reinforce student understanding.This book is intended for senior undergraduate aerospace students taking courses in Aircraft Performance, Flight Dynamics, and Flight Mechanics.Instructors will be able to utilize an updated Solutions Manual and Figure Slides for their course.
Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines, Second Edition
by Ahmed F. El-SayedAircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines, Second Edition builds upon the success of the book’s first edition, with the addition of three major topic areas: Piston Engines with integrated propeller coverage; Pump Technologies; and Rocket Propulsion. The rocket propulsion section extends the text’s coverage so that both Aerospace and Aeronautical topics can be studied and compared. Numerous updates have been made to reflect the latest advances in turbine engines, fuels, and combustion. The text is now divided into three parts, the first two devoted to air breathing engines, and the third covering non-air breathing or rocket engines.
Aircraft Structures (Dover Books on Aeronautical Engineering)
by David J. PeeryStill relevant decades after its 1950 publication, this legendary reference text on aircraft stress analysis is considered the best book on the subject. It emphasizes basic structural theory, which remains unchanged with the development of new materials and construction methods, and the application of the elementary principles of mechanics to the analysis of aircraft structures. Suitable for undergraduate students, this volume covers equilibrium of forces, space structures, inertia forces and load factors, shear and bending stresses, and beams with unsymmetrical cross sections. Additional topics include spanwise air-load distribution, external loads on the airplane, joints and fittings, deflections of structures, and special methods of analysis. Topics involving a knowledge of aerodynamics appear in final chapters, allowing students to study the prerequisite aerodynamics topics in concurrent courses.
Airmail to the Moon
by Tom BirdseyeWhen the tooth that she was saving for the tooth fairy disappears, Ora Mae sets out to find the thief and send him "airmail to the moon!"