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Experimental Approaches to Understanding Fossil Organisms

by Daniel I. Hembree Brian F. Platt Jon J. Smith

Paleontologists and geologists struggle with research questions often complicated by the loss or even absence of key paleobiological and paleoenvironmental information. Insight into this missing data can be gained through direct exploration of analogous living organisms and modern environments. Creative, experimental and interdisciplinary treatments of such ancient-Earth analogs form the basis of Lessons from the Living. This volume unites a diverse range of expert paleontologists, neontologists and geologists presenting case studies that cover a spectrum of topics, including functional morphology, taphonomy, environments and organism-substrate interactions.

Experimental Design: With Applications In Management, Engineering And The Sciences

by Paul D. Berger Robert E. Maurer Giovana B. Celli

CLICHE: nounEtymology: French, literally, printer's stereotype, from past participle of clicher, to stereotype, of imitative originDate: 18921: a trite phrase or expression; also: the idea expressed by it2: a hackneyed theme, characterization, or situation3: something that has become overly familiar or commonplaceIn the words of Stephen Fry, It is a cliche that most cliches are true, but then like most cliches, that cliche is untrue. Cliches are like rationalizations: try going a week without using one. It can't be done They are the hobgoblin of little minds. For most of us, once you begin to take notice, they are fingernails on a chalkboard. From Shakespeare to Shakira; in music, on television, at the movies; in the boardroom, on a conference call, online or in person, cliches have taken over the world. While some nitwits might say they're just misunderstood, they didn't start out that way. There was a time when they were new and vibrant, clever and pithy. Now they're just predictable a vapid collection of much-too-familiar descriptions or metaphors that often replace smart conversation, speech, or writing. This book is a collection of the most overused phrases of all time. Hopefully, it'll make you laugh. Hopefully, it'll make them think. And at the end of the day, if the early bird catches the worm and the slow and steady win the race . . . Please . . . kill . . . me . . . now.

Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists

by Gerry P. Quinn

An essential textbook for any student or researcher in biology needing to design experiments, sample programs or analyse the resulting data. The text begins with a revision of estimation and hypothesis testing methods, covering both classical and Bayesian philosophies, before advancing to the analysis of linear and generalized linear models. Topics covered include linear and logistic regression, simple and complex ANOVA models (for factorial, nested, block, split-plot and repeated measures and covariance designs), and log-linear models. Multivariate techniques, including classification and ordination, are then introduced. Special emphasis is placed on checking assumptions, exploratory data analysis and presentation of results. The main analyses are illustrated with many examples from published papers and there is an extensive reference list to both the statistical and biological literature. The book is supported by a web-site that provides all data sets, questions for each chapter and links to software.

Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists

by Gerry P. Quinn Michael J. Keough

Experimental Design and Process Optimization

by Maria Isabel Rodrigues Antonio Francisco Iemma

Experimental Design and Process Optimization delves deep into the design of experiments (DOE). The book includes Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD), fractional factorial, and Plackett and Burman designs as a means to solve challenges in research and development as well as a tool for the improvement of the processes already implemented. Appr

Experimental Design and Scientific Data Analysis (Science for Conservators)

by Lynda K. Skipper Philip J. Skipper

Experimental Design and Scientific Data Analysis provides accessible information about the research process from start to finish as applied to conservation to enable readers to successfully plan and carry out research and share findings effectively with others.The book is divided into two parts, starting with experimental design in Part 1 and then considering data analysis in Part 2. Part 1 takes the reader through the process of designing and planning experiments, from the initial design of aims and objectives to ethical testing, and includes a range of examples to demonstrate how these ideas apply to a range of specialisms and materials. Part 2 focuses on what to do with data once it has been collected, including choosing the right statistical test, different methods of presenting information, and communicating your findings clearly to your chosen audience. Questions at the end of each chapter are designed to help readers check and consolidate their knowledge of the different topics.Experimental Design and Scientific Data Analysis is suitable for students, emerging professionals, and experienced conservators at different stages of their careers, and is particularly suitable for those without a scientific background.

Experimental Design for the Life Sciences, Third Edition

by Graeme D. Ruxton Nick Colegrave

Experimental Design for the Life Sciences, Third Edition, demonstrates how good experimental design relies on clear thinking and biological understanding, not on mathematical or statistical complexity.

Experimental Design in Biotechnology (Statistics: A Series Of Textbooks And Monographs #105)

by Perry D. Haaland

This book provides the first time user of statistics with an understanding of how and why statistical experimental design and analysis can be an effective problem solving tool. It presents experimental designs which are useful for small screening and response surface experiments.

Experimental Design Research

by Philip Cash Tino Stanković Mario Štorga

This book presents a new, multidisciplinary perspective on and paradigm for integrative experimental design research. It addresses various perspectives on methods, analysis and overall research approach, and how they can be synthesized to advance understanding of design. It explores the foundations of experimental approaches and their utility in this domain, and brings together analytical approaches to promote an integrated understanding. The book also investigates where these approaches lead to and how they link design research more fully with other disciplines (e. g. psychology, cognition, sociology, computer science, management). Above all, the book emphasizes the integrative nature of design research in terms of the methods, theories, and units of study - from the individual to the organizational level. Although this approach offers many advantages, it has inherently led to a situation in current research practice where methods are diverging and integration between individual, team and organizational understanding is becoming increasingly tenuous, calling for a multidisciplinary and transdiscipinary perspective. Experimental design research thus offers a powerful tool and platform for resolving these challenges. Providing an invaluable resource for the design research community, this book paves the way for the next generation of researchers in the field by bridging methods and methodology. As such, it will especially benefit postgraduate students and researchers in design research, as well as engineering designers.

Experimental Electrochemistry: A Laboratory Textbook

by Rudolf Holze

Showing how to apply the theoretical knowledge in practice, the one and only compilation of electrochemical experiments on the market now in a new edition. Maintaining its didactic approach, this successful textbook provides clear and easy-to-follow instructions for carrying out the experiments, illustrating the most important principles and applications in modern electrochemistry, while pointing out the potential dangers and risks involved. This second edition contains 84 experiments, many of which cover electrochemical energy conversion and storage as well as electrochemical equilibrium.

Experimental Evolution: Concepts, Methods, and Applications of Selection Experiments

by Theodore Garland Michael R. Rose

This book provides indisputable evidence of evolution by directly observing the process at work. Experimental evolution deliberately duplicates evolutionary processes--forcing life histories to evolve, producing adaptations to stressful environmental conditions, and generating lineage splitting to create incipient species.

The Experimental Fire: Inventing English Alchemy, 1300–1700 (Synthesis)

by Jennifer M. Rampling

“Presents the largely uncharted history of English alchemy from its medieval roots until the end of the seventeenth century . . . an astounding eye for detail.” —Annals of ScienceIn medieval and early modern Europe, the practice of alchemy promised extraordinary physical transformations. Who would not be amazed to see base metals turned into silver and gold, hard iron into soft water, and deadly poison into elixirs that could heal the human body? To defend such claims, alchemists turned to the past, scouring ancient books for evidence of a lost alchemical heritage and seeking to translate their secret language and obscure imagery into replicable, practical effects.Tracing the development of alchemy in England over four hundred years, from the beginning of the fourteenth century to the end of the seventeenth, Jennifer M. Rampling illuminates the role of alchemical reading and experimental practice in the broader context of national and scientific history. Using new manuscript sources, she shows how practitioners like George Ripley, John Dee, and Edward Kelley, as well as many previously unknown alchemists, devised new practical approaches to alchemy while seeking the support of English monarchs. By reconstructing their alchemical ideas, practices, and disputes, Rampling reveals how English alchemy was continually reinvented over the space of four centuries, resulting in changes to the science itself. In so doing, The Experimental Fire bridges the intellectual history of chemistry and the wider worlds of early modern patronage, medicine, and science.“An engaging piece of scholarly work . . . it humanizes the alchemist, showing him or her to be a historical personage caught up in the circumstances of the era and seeking to survive the upheavals and challenges of historical reality . . . bound to make an important contribution to the history of science, social history, history of scholarship, and the history of the book.” —Early Science and Medicine

The Experimental Foundations of Particle Physics

by Robert N. Cahn Gerson Goldhaber

Our current understanding of elementary particles and their interactions emerged from break-through experiments. This book presents these experiments, beginning with the discoveries of the neutron and positron, and following them through mesons, strange particles, antiparticles, and quarks and gluons. This second edition contains new chapters on the W and Z bosons, the top quark, B-meson mixing and CP violation, and neutrino oscillations. This book provides an insight into particle physics for researchers, advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Throughout the book, the fundamental equations required to understand the experiments are derived clearly and simply. Each chapter is accompanied by reprinted articles and a collection of problems with a broad range of difficulty.

Experimental Innovations in Surface Science

by John T. Yates Jr.

This book is a new edition of a classic text on experimental methods and instruments in surface science. It offers practical insight useful to chemists, physicists, and materials scientists working in experimental surface science. This enlarged second edition contains almost 300 descriptions of experimental methods. The more than 50 active areas with individual scientific and measurement concepts and activities relevant to each area are presented in this book. The key areas covered are: Vacuum System Technology, Mechanical Fabrication Techniques, Measurement Methods, Thermal Control, Delivery of Adsorbates to Surfaces, UHV Windows, Surface Preparation Methods, High Area Solids, Safety. The book is written for researchers and graduate students.

Experimental Landscape Ecology (Landscape Series #29)

by Yolanda F. Wiersma

This book offers the first guide to landscape ecologists on the art and science of doing experiments, both observational and manipulative. How do you conduct an experiment when your study subject is as big as a landscape? Issues of scale, spatial heterogeneity and limitations on replication may challenge scientists seeking to carry out robust experiments in landscape ecology.Beginning with an overview of the history and philosophy of the scientific method, and tracing the development of experimental approaches in ecology broadly, the first half of the book discusses the broader issues of what makes a good experiment. Individual chapters describe unique aspects of landscape ecology that present challenges to experimentation, with suggestions for solutions on issues of scale, and how to apply controls, randomization and adequate replication in a landscape setting.The second half of the book describes different kinds of landscape ecology experimental approaches including: large-scale manipulations experimental model landscapes mesocosms and microcosms in silico experiments novel landscapes Each chapter describes the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, and identifies the types of landscape ecology concepts and questions that a research can address. Examples from around the world, in a myriad of different environments, help to illustrate the ideas in each chapter. Together with an annotated resources section, this book aims to stimulate ideas and inspire creativity for graduate students and early career researchers who want to conduct better experiments in landscape ecology.

Experimental Life: Vitalism in Romantic Science and Literature

by Robert Mitchell

Experimental Life establishes the multiple ways in which Romantic authors appropriated the notion of experimentation from the natural sciences.Winner of the Michelle Kendrick Memorial Book Prize of the Society for Literature, Science, and the Arts, BSLS Book Prize of the British Society for Literature and ScienceIf the objective of the Romantic movement was nothing less than to redefine the meaning of life itself, what role did experiments play in this movement? While earlier scholarship has established both the importance of science generally and vitalism specifically, with regard to Romanticism no study has investigated what it meant for artists to experiment and how those experiments related to their interest in the concept of life.Experimental Life draws on approaches and ideas from contemporary science studies, proposing the concept of experimental vitalism to show both how Romantic authors appropriated the concept of experimentation from the sciences and the impact of their appropriation on post-Romantic concepts of literature and art.Robert Mitchell navigates complex conceptual arenas such as network theory, gift exchange, paranoia, and biomedia and introduces new concepts, such as cryptogamia, chylopoietic discourse, trance-plantation, and the poetics of suspension. As a result, Experimental Life is a wide-ranging summation and extension of the current state of literary studies, the history of science, cultural critique, and theory.

Experimental Man: What One Man's Body Reveals about His Future, Your Health, and Our Toxic World

by David Ewing Duncan

David Ewing Duncan takes the ultimate high-tech medical exam, investigating the future impact of what's hidden deep inside all of us.

Experimental Mechanics: An Introduction (Solid Mechanics and Its Applications #269)

by Emmanuel E. Gdoutos

The book presents in a clear, simple, straightforward, novel and unified manner the most used methods of experimental mechanics of solids for the determination of displacements, strains and stresses. Emphasis is given on the principles of operation of the various methods, not in their applications to engineering problems. The book is divided into sixteen chapters which include strain gages, basic optics, geometric and interferometric moiré, optical methods (photoelasticity, interferometry, holography, caustics, speckle methods, digital image correlation), thermoelastic stress analysis, indentation, optical fibers, nondestructive testing, and residual stresses. The book will be used not only as a learning tool, but as a basis on which the researcher, the engineer, the experimentalist, the student can develop their new own ideas to promote research in experimental mechanics of solids.

Experimental Mechanics of Solids

by Cesar A. Sciammarella Federico M. Sciammarella

Experimental solid mechanics is the study of materials to determine their physical properties. This study might include performing a stress analysis or measuring the extent of displacement, shape, strain and stress which a material suffers under controlled conditions. In the last few years there have been remarkable developments in experimental techniques that measure shape, displacement and strains and these sorts of experiments are increasingly conducted using computational techniques.Experimental Mechanics of Solids is a comprehensive introduction to the topics, technologies and methods of experimental mechanics of solids. It begins by establishing the fundamentals of continuum mechanics, explaining key areas such as the equations used, stresses and strains, and two and three dimensional problems. Having laid down the foundations of the topic, the book then moves on to look at specific techniques and technologies with emphasis on the most recent developments such as optics and image processing. Most of the current computational methods, as well as practical ones, are included to ensure that the book provides information essential to the reader in practical or research applications.Key features:Presents widely used and accepted methodologies that are based on research and development work of the lead authorSystematically works through the topics and theories of experimental mechanics including detailed treatments of the Moire, Speckle and holographic optical methodsIncludes illustrations and diagrams to illuminate the topic clearly for the readerProvides a comprehensive introduction to the topic, and also acts as a quick reference guideThis comprehensive book forms an invaluable resource for graduate students and is also a point of reference for researchers and practitioners in structural and materials engineering.

Experimental Mechanics of Solids and Structures

by Jérôme Molimard

From the characterization of materials to accelerated life testing, experimentation with solids and structures is present in all stages of the design of mechanical devices. Sometimes only an experimental model can bring the necessary elements for understanding, the physics under study just being too complex for an efficient numerical model. This book presents the classical tools in the experimental approach to mechanical engineering, as well as the methods that have revolutionized the field over the past 20 years: photomechanics, signal processing, statistical data analysis, design of experiments, uncertainty analysis, etc. Experimental Mechanics of Solids and Structures also replaces mechanical testing in a larger context: firstly, that of the experimental model, with its own hypotheses; then that of the knowledge acquisition process, which is structured and robust; finally, that of a reliable analysis of the results obtained, in a context where uncertainty could be important.

Experimental Methods for Science and Engineering Students: An Introduction to the Analysis and Presentation of Data

by Les Kirkup

Responding to the developments of the past twenty years, Les Kirkup has thoroughly updated his popular book on experimental methods, while retaining the extensive coverage and practical advice from the first edition. Many topics from that edition remain, including keeping a record of work, how to deal with measurement uncertainties, understanding the statistical basis of data analysis and reporting the results of experiments. However, with new technologies influencing how experiments are devised, carried out, analyzed, presented and reported, this new edition reflects the digital changes which have taken place and the increased emphasis on the importance of communication skills in reporting results. Bringing together key elements of experimental methods into one coherent book, it is perfect for students seeking guidance with their experimental work, including how to acquire, analyse and present data. Exercises, worked examples and end-of-chapter problems are provided throughout the book to reinforce fundamental principles.

Experimental Methods in Biomechanics

by John H. Challis

This is the first textbook to comprehensively cover the experimental methods used in biomechanics. Designed for graduate students and researchers studying human biomechanics at the whole-body level, the book introduces readers to the theory behind the primary data collection methods and primary methods of data processing and analysis used in biomechanics. Each individual chapter covers a different aspect of data collection or data processing, presenting an overview of the topic at hand and explaining the math required for understanding the topic. A series of appendices provide the specific math that is required for understanding the chapter contents. Each chapter leads readers through the techniques used for data collection and processing, providing sufficient theoretical background to understand both the how and why of these techniques. Chapters end with a set of review questions, and then a bibliography which is divided into three sections (cited references, specific references, and useful references).Provides a comprehensive and in depth presentation on methods in whole-body human biomechanics;First textbook to cover both collection and processing in a single volume;Appendices provide the math needed for the main chapters.

Experimental Methods in Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics

by Je-Chin Han Lesley M. Wright

Experimental Methods in Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics focuses on how to analyze and solve the classic heat transfer and fluid mechanics measurement problems in one book. This work serves the need of graduate students and researchers looking for advanced measurement techniques for thermal, flow, and heat transfer engineering applications. The text focuses on analyzing and solving classic heat transfer and fluid mechanics measurement problems, emphasizing fundamental principles, measurement techniques, data presentation, and uncertainty analysis. Overall, the text builds a strong and practical background for solving complex engineering heat transfer and fluid flow problems. Features Provides students with an understandable introduction to thermal-fluid measurement Covers heat transfer and fluid mechanics measurements from basic to advanced methods Explains and compares various thermal-fluid experimental and measurement techniques Uses a step-by-step approach to explaining key measurement principles Gives measurement procedures that readers can easily follow and apply in the lab

Experimental Methods in Hydraulic Research

by Paweł Rowiński

It is clear that hydraulic research is developing beyond traditional civil engineering to satisfy increasing demands in natural hazards assessment and also environmental research. Our ability to describe processes in nature rests on the observation and experimental methods as well as on theoretical basics of various disciplines. Under such conditions experimental methods draw from various areas of human activities and research, i.e. from physics, biology, chemistry, aerospace research, oceanic research etc. The current volume is the result of a meeting that took place during the 30th International School of Hydraulics in Poland and presents both the state-of-the-art and ongoing research projects in which experimental methods play a key role. Authors from numerous leading laboratories and from various countries guarantee a representative sample of different studies at the frontier of the field

Experimental Methods in Organic Fluorine Chemistry

by Tomoya Kitazume Takashi Yamazaki

In the fields of biologically active materials and functional materials, fluorinated organic materials are becoming a focus of significant interest. Over the past decade synthetic methodologies and reagents in fluorine chemistry have been developed, especially stereocontrolled synthetic methods, enzymatic resolution to synthesize enantiomers, fluoromethylated reagents, and fluorination reagents. These methods have contributed to the opening of new pathways for fluorinated materials. However, few fluorinated materials have been put to commercial use. Furthermore, there remain problems to be solved, such as the handling of the materials, availability of reagents and selectivity (stereo-, regio-, and/or chemoselectivity). Research chemists, technical engineers, and graduate students in all branches of chemistry, pharmaceutics, and material science interested in fluorinated materials need to know detailed experimental procedures of how to synthesize the target fluorinated materials. This volume summarizes the chemical and microbial methods for obtaining functionalized fluorinated materials for use as building blocks; detailed experimental methods (reaction conditions, solvent, temperature, handling techniques, etc.); and the stereoview (possible absolute configuration) of the structures with spectral data. Mono-, di-, tri-, and polyfluorinated materials derived from fluorinating agents, fluoromethylated reagents and building blocks are summarized. A chemical name index, molecular formula index, and reagent index are also included. The publication of this monograph will provide access to the enormous possibilities in fluorine chemistry, biological material chemistry, and functionalized material chemistry.

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Showing 26,876 through 26,900 of 83,546 results