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Extreme Lebensräume: Wie Mikroben unseren Planeten erobern
by Skander Elleuche Claudia StyrskyIst Leben in heißer Säure oder in seifigen Flüssen vorstellbar? Wie tot ist das Tote Meer tatsächlich? Und welche Lebewesen frieren bereits bei 60 °C? Das Buch nimmt den Leser mit auf eine Reise zu den undenkbarsten ökologischen Nischen unseres Planeten und ihren Herrschern. In den faszinierendsten Habitaten geben mikroskopisch kleine Organismen den Takt an: Sie besiedeln das kälteste Packeis, bezwingen die tiefste Tiefsee und die heißesten Quellen und trotzen sogar den salzigsten Seen. Selbst durch Katastrophen oder die Industrialisierung entstandene Lebensräume wie der ölbelastete Boden der Meere, vergiftete Industrieabwässer oder durch radioaktive Strahlung verseuchte Tümpel können diese kleinen Überlebenskünstler nicht aufhalten. Sie sind die Extremophilen („die das Extreme lieben“). Aufgrund ihrer enormen Anpassungsfähigkeit und ihres Talents, kaum vorstellbare Lebensräume zu erobern, spielen derartige Mikroben heute auch in der Astrobiologie und in der industriellen Biotechnologie wichtige Rollen.
The Extreme Life of the Sea (Princeton Science Library #125)
by Anthony R. Palumbi Stephen R. PalumbiA thrilling tour of the sea's most extreme species, coauthored by one of the world's leading marine scientistsThe ocean teems with life that thrives under difficult situations in unusual environments. The Extreme Life of the Sea takes readers to the absolute limits of the ocean world—the fastest and deepest, the hottest and oldest creatures of the oceans. It dives into the icy Arctic and boiling hydrothermal vents—and exposes the eternal darkness of the deepest undersea trenches—to show how marine life thrives against the odds. This thrilling book brings to life the sea's most extreme species, and tells their stories as characters in the drama of the oceans. Coauthored by Stephen Palumbi, one of today’s leading marine scientists, The Extreme Life of the Sea tells the unforgettable tales of some of the most marvelous life forms on Earth, and the challenges they overcome to survive. Modern science and a fluid narrative style give every reader a deep look at the lives of these species.The Extreme Life of the Sea shows you the world’s oldest living species. It describes how flying fish strain to escape their predators, how predatory deep-sea fish use red searchlights only they can see to find and attack food, and how, at the end of her life, a mother octopus dedicates herself to raising her batch of young. This wide-ranging and highly accessible book also shows how ocean adaptations can inspire innovative commercial products—such as fan blades modeled on the flippers of humpback whales—and how future extremes created by human changes to the oceans might push some of these amazing species over the edge.
The Extreme Life of the Sea
by Stephen R. Palumbi Anthony R. PalumbiA thrilling tour of the sea's most extreme species, written by one of the world's leading marine scientistsThe ocean teems with life that thrives under difficult situations in unusual environments. The Extreme Life of the Sea takes readers to the absolute limits of the ocean world—the fastest and deepest, the hottest and oldest creatures of the oceans. It dives into the icy Arctic and boiling hydrothermal vents—and exposes the eternal darkness of the deepest undersea trenches—to show how marine life thrives against the odds. This thrilling book brings to life the sea's most extreme species, and tells their stories as characters in the drama of the oceans. Coauthored by Stephen Palumbi, one of today’s leading marine scientists, The Extreme Life of the Sea tells the unforgettable tales of some of the most marvelous life forms on Earth, and the challenges they overcome to survive. Modern science and a fluid narrative style give every reader a deep look at the lives of these species.The Extreme Life of the Sea shows you the world’s oldest living species. It describes how flying fish strain to escape their predators, how predatory deep-sea fish use red searchlights only they can see to find and attack food, and how, at the end of her life, a mother octopus dedicates herself to raising her batch of young. This wide-ranging and highly accessible book also shows how ocean adaptations can inspire innovative commercial products—such as fan blades modeled on the flippers of humpback whales—and how future extremes created by human changes to the oceans might push some of these amazing species over the edge.An enhanced edition is also available and includes eleven videos.
Extreme Longevity: Discovering Earth's Oldest Organisms
by Karen Latchana KenneyMeet the science experts who study specimens of extreme longevity in both the plant and animal kingdoms, such as the 80,000-year-old root system of Pando (a colony of male quaking aspens), 11,000-year-old deep-sea sponges, and 400-year-old sharks. Learn about technologies used to determine age and longevity, including DNA sampling, growth rings, and radiocarbon dating. See how scientists located these long-lived species were and why and how they resist disease and aging. And delve into how scientists are using what they know about aged plants and animals to research how we can promote longevity in humans.
Extreme Measures: The Ecological Energetics of Birds and Mammals
by Brian K. McnabAlong with reproduction, balancing energy expenditure with the limits of resource acquisition is essential for both a species and a population to survive. But energy is a limited resource, as we know well, so birds and mammals—the most energy-intensive fauna on the planet—must reduce energy expenditures to maintain this balance, some taking small steps, and others extreme measures. Here Brian K. McNab draws on his over sixty years in the field to provide a comprehensive account of the energetics of birds and mammals, one fully integrated with their natural history. McNab begins with an overview of thermal rates—much of our own energy is spent maintaining our 98. 6?F temperature—and explains how the basal rate of metabolism drives energy use, especially in extreme environments. He then explores those variables that interact with the basal rate of metabolism, like body size and scale and environments, highlighting their influence on behavior, distribution, and even reproductive output. Successive chapters take up energy and population dynamics and evolution. A critical central theme that runs through the book is how the energetic needs of birds and mammals come up against rapid environmental change and how this is hastening the pace of extinction.
Extreme Measures: The Ecological Energetics of Birds and Mammals
by Brian K. McNabAlong with reproduction, balancing energy expenditure with the limits of resource acquisition is essential for both a species and a population to survive. But energy is a limited resource, as we know well, so birds and mammals—the most energy-intensive fauna on the planet—must reduce energy expenditures to maintain this balance, some taking small steps, and others extreme measures. Here Brian K. McNab draws on his over sixty years in the field to provide a comprehensive account of the energetics of birds and mammals, one fully integrated with their natural history. McNab begins with an overview of thermal rates—much of our own energy is spent maintaining our 98.6?F temperature—and explains how the basal rate of metabolism drives energy use, especially in extreme environments. He then explores those variables that interact with the basal rate of metabolism, like body size and scale and environments, highlighting their influence on behavior, distribution, and even reproductive output. Successive chapters take up energy and population dynamics and evolution. A critical central theme that runs through the book is how the energetic needs of birds and mammals come up against rapid environmental change and how this is hastening the pace of extinction.
Extreme Medicine
by Kevin FongAnesthesiologist, intensive care expert, and NASA adviser Kevin Fong explores how physical extremes push human limits and spawn incredible medical breakthroughs.
Extreme Multivalued Waves as a Model of Everything: From Euler Figures to Faraday Waves, Particle-Waves and Universes
by Shamil Usmanovich GalievThe purpose of the book is a mathematical and experimental study of extreme, multivalued waves based on scalar field equations. It is known that Einstein tried to build a unified (interdisciplinary) field theory that would unite all interactions in Nature into a single system. The book uses this idea, supplemented by the idea that all fundamental interactions have a wave, resonant, nonlinear nature. The theoretical foundation of the book also consists of the results of Leonard Euler. Fundamental questions about the polysemy of Nature are considered. On this basis, various highly nonlinear wave processes are modeled, ranging from waves in resonators and ocean waves to descriptions of particle-waves, the origin of the Universe and data from double-slit experiments. Gravitational and inertial effects are associated with solutions of relativistic wave equations. According to the book, the unsolved nature of some fundamental problems in physics is explained by the nonlinear and resonant nature of the world around us, which exists in a non-smooth and inhomogeneous space-time. We do not know how strong the influence of multivalued wave processes on the Universe is. This book is the first attempt to assess this influence. At the same time, the extreme waves considered in this book may be applied to different technologies and systems ranging from the atomic scale to the cosmos. With this book, the author celebrates the 100th anniversary of the beginning of the development of quantum mechanics and modern cosmology.
Extreme Natural Events: Sustainable Solutions for Developing Countries
by A. S. Unnikrishnan Fredolin Tangang Raymond J. DurrheimThis book presents the challenges of developing countries to understand and manage the risks of extreme natural events. In the seventeen chapters presented, it brings together scientific communities from Ghana, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, South Africa, and Venezuela to share their expertise in different aspects of managing extreme natural events, particularly those related to climate. It discusses how adaptation to these extreme natural events must be an integral part of national policy of the developing countries dealing with disaster mitigation and management.
Extreme Particle Acceleration in Microquasar Jets and Pulsar Wind Nebulae with the MAGIC Telescopes (Springer Theses)
by Alba Fernández BarralThis exhaustive work sheds new light on unsolved questions in gamma-ray astrophysics. It presents not only a complete introduction to the non-thermal Universe, but also a description of the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov technique and the MAGIC telescopes. The Fermi-LAT satellite and the HAWC Observatory are also described, as results from both are included. The physics section of the book is divided into microquasars and pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), and includes extended overviews of both. In turn, the book discusses constraints on particle acceleration and gamma-ray production in microquasar jets, based on the analyses of MAGIC data on Cygnus X-1, Cygnus X-3 and V404 Cygni. Moreover, it presents the discovery of high-energy gamma-ray emissions from Cygnus X-1, using Fermi-LAT data. The book includes the first joint work between MAGIC, Fermi-LAT and HAWC, and discusses the hypothetical PWN nature of the targets in depth. It reports on a PWN population study that discusses, for the first time, the importance of the surrounding medium for gamma-ray production, and in closing presents technical work on the first Large-Size-Telescope (LST; CTA Collaboration), along with a complete description of the camera.
Extreme physics
by Jeff Colvin Jon LarsenMost matter in the Universe, from the deep interior of planets to the core of stars, is at high temperature or high pressure compared to the matter of our ordinary experience. This book offers a comprehensive introduction to the basic physical theory on matter at such extreme conditions and the mathematical modeling techniques involved in numerical simulations of its properties and behavior. Focusing on computational modeling, the book discusses topics such as the basic properties of dense plasmas; ionization physics; the physical mechanisms by which laser light is absorbed in matter; radiation transport in matter; the basics of hydrodynamics and shock-wave formation and propagation; and numerical simulation of radiation-hydrodynamics phenomenology. End-of-chapter exercises allow the reader to test their understanding of the material and introduce additional physics, making this an invaluable resource for researchers and graduate students in this broad and interdisciplinary area of physics.
Extreme Science: The Highway of Light and Other Man-Made Wonders
by Peter Jedicke Scientific AmericanThese 34 Scientific American selections from 1995-1999 explore extreme construction projects (e.g., the world's longest suspension bridge and tallest buildings); and developments in transportation by air, space, sea, and road. Includes illustrations and suggested reading.
Extreme Science: Chasing the Ghost Bat
by Peter Jedicke Scientific AmericanFrom the pages of Scientific American comes the latest information and explorations into the bizarre realm of the natural world, including:-Our oldest relatives and the discovery of missing links-Strange predators, from flesh-eating chimps to the lethal Komodo dragon-Strange plant life, such as the carnivorous Venus's flytrap and the Voodoo lily-Extinct monsters, and giant, flightless, flesh-eating birds-Mysterious denizens of the deep, such as the giant squid and the slime hag-Insect oddities: fire ants, singing caterpillars, and Africanized bees
Extreme Science: Transplanting Your Head And Other Feats of the Future
by Peter Jedicke The Editors of Scientific AmericanFrom the pages of Scientific American comes the latest information and explorations into the futuristic world of biotechnology. -Recent breakthroughs in human longevity and life extension -Tissue engineering and the regeneration of limbs and organs -Biochemistry, from transgenic crops to biological warfare -The results and ramifications of the Human Genome Project -The current and future state of cloning and artificial wombs -Radical biotech: head transplants, artificial intelligence, and virtual senses
Extreme States of Matter
by Vladimir E. FortovWith its many beautiful colour pictures, this book gives fascinating insights into the unusual forms and behaviour of matter under extremely high pressures and temperatures. These extreme states are generated, among other things, by strong shock, detonation and electric explosion waves, dense laser beams, electron and ion beams, hypersonic entry of spacecraft into dense atmospheres of planets and in many other situations characterized by extremely high pressures and temperatures. Written by one of the world's foremost experts on the topic, this book will inform and fascinate all scientists dealing with materials properties and physics and also serve as an excellent introduction to plasma-, shock-wave and high-energy-density physics for students and newcomers seeking an overview. This second edition is thoroughly revised and expanded, in particular with new material on high energy-density physics, nuclear explosions and other nuclear transformation processes.
Extreme States of Matter in Strong Interaction Physics: An Introduction (Lecture Notes in Physics #841)
by Helmut SatzThis book is a course-tested primer on the thermodynamics of strongly interacting matter – a profound and challenging area of both theoretical and experimental modern physics. Analytical and numerical studies of statistical quantum chromodynamics provide the main theoretical tool, while in experiments, high-energy nuclear collisions are the key for extensive laboratory investigations. As such, the field straddles statistical, particle and nuclear physics, both conceptually and in the methods of investigation used. The book addresses, above all, the many young scientists starting their scientific research in this field, providing them with a general, self-contained introduction that highlights the basic concepts and ideas and explains why we do what we do. Much of the book focuses on equilibrium thermodynamics: first it presents simplified phenomenological pictures, leading to critical behavior in hadronic matter and to a quark-hadron phase transition. This is followed by elements of finite temperature lattice QCD and an exposition of the important results obtained through the computer simulation of the lattice formulation. It goes on to clarify the relationship between the resulting critical behavior due to symmetry breaking/restoration in QCD, before turning to the QCD phase diagram. The presentation of bulk equilibrium thermodyamics is completed by studying the properties of the quark-gluon plasma as a new state of strongly interacting matter. The final chapters of the book are devoted to more specific topics that arise when nuclear collisions are considered as a tool for the experimental study of QCD thermodynamics. This second edition includes a new chapter on the hydrodynamic evolution of the medium produced in nuclear collisions. Since the study of flow for strongly interacting fluids has gained ever-increasing importance over the years, it is dealt with it in some detail, including comments on gauge/gravity duality. Moreover, other aspects of experimental studies are brought up to date, such as the search for critical behavior in multihadron production, the calibration of quarkonium production in nuclear collisions, and the relation between strangeness suppression and deconfinement.
Extreme Survivors: Animals That Time Forgot (How Nature Works #0)
by Kimberly Ridley<p>Selected for the 2018 Bank Street College of Education Best STEM Children’s Books of the Year <p>What do the goblin shark, horseshoe crab, the “indestructible” water bear, and a handful of other bizarre animals have in common? <p>They are all “extreme survivors,” animals that still look much like their prehistoric ancestors from millions of years ago. <p>Meet ten amazing animals that appear to have changed little in more than 100 million years. They are the rare exceptions to the rule. <p>More than 99 percent of all life forms have gone extinct during the 3.6-billion-year history of life on Earth. Other organisms have changed dramatically, but not our extreme survivors. Evolution may have altered their physiology and behavior, but their body plans have stood the test of time. <p>How have these living links with Earth’s prehistoric past survived? The search for answers is leading scientists to new discoveries about the past—and future—of life on Earth. The survival secrets of some of these ancient creatures could lead to new medicines and treatments for disease. <p>Written in a lively, entertaining voice, Extreme Survivors provides detailed life histories and strange “survival secrets” of ten ancient animals and explains evolution and natural selection. Extensive back matter includes glossary, additional facts and geographic range for each organism and a geologic timeline of Earth. <p><B>F&P Level V </B> <P><P><i>Advisory: Bookshare has learned that this book offers only partial accessibility. We have kept it in the collection because it is useful for some of our members. To explore further access options with us, please contact us through the Book Quality link. Benetech is actively working on projects to improve accessibility issues such as these.</i>
Extreme Tissue Engineering
by Robert A. BrownHighly Commended at the BMA Book Awards 2013Extreme Tissue Engineering is an engaging introduction to Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), allowing the reader to understand, discern and place into context the mass of scientific, multi-disciplinary data currently flooding the field. It is designed to provide interdisciplinary, ground-up explanations in a digestible, entertaining way, creating a text which is relevant to all students of TERM regardless of their route into the field.Organised into three main sections: chapters 1 to 3 introduce and explain the general problems; chapters 4 to 6 identify and refine how the main factors interact to create the problems and opportunities we know all too well; chapters 7 to 9 argue us through the ways we can use leading-edge (extreme) concepts to build our advanced solutions.Students and researchers in areas such as stem cell and developmental biology, tissue repair, implantology and surgical sciences, biomaterials sciences and nanobiomedicine, bioengineering, bio-processing and monitoring technologies - from undergraduate and masters to doctoral and post-doctoral research levels - will find Extreme Tissue Engineering a stimulating and inspiring text.Written in a fluid, entertaining style, Extreme Tissue Engineering is introductory yet challenging, richly illustrated and truly interdisciplinary.
Extreme Tribology: Fundamentals and Challenges
by Ahmed AbdelbaryTribology is an unfamiliar term for many, but is experienced by all. It is the science of friction, wear and lubrication of contacting surfaces in relative motion. The aim of this book is to introduce the fundamentals of tribology as well as its challenges in extreme operating conditions. The book comprises a historical background and an introduction to familiarize both undergraduate and postgraduate readers with such an important topic. It addresses a comprehensive coverage of classical tribology of solid contacts, friction mechanics, wear mechanisms and lubrication technologies. The tribology of polymer composites, MEMS and NEMS are explored. In addition, tribology of automotive components is presented, as are tribological applications in many practical situations.Various test methods used in evaluating wear are reviewed. Diverse techniques applied in predicting wear behavior by mathematical models, FE modeling and ANN approach are discussed. The book reviews key features of extraordinary conditions associated with, but not limited to, harsh environments, severe sliding and poor lubrication challenges. A basic understanding of failure modes in tribological systems is covered. The state-of-the-art research on tribology under these extreme conditions is extensively discussed, which will be of interest to researchers. The book highlights solutions for extreme tribology problems and provides an overview of various factors affecting tribosystems in harsh conditions.
Extreme Waves
by Craig B. SmithWaves are hypnotic and beautiful. They can also be great fun. But Hurricanes Katrina and Rita taught us that they can be powerful and deadly while the 2004 tsunami proved that some waves are absolutely devastating. Science is the best tool for understanding and predicting the most extreme waves. Where do waves come from? Why are some big and some small? From winter to summer, the nature of the beach changes, sculpted by the tireless energy of waves. Most waves are simply rhythmic expressions of Earth's movement through space and the changes they bring to our shorelines are gradual. But given the right weather conditions and combination of natural forces, waves can wreak havoc. These are extreme waves, waves that can stretch 100-feet high--posing an imminent threat to large sea vessels and coastal structures. There are even waves that have stripped trees from mountains as they surged to an estimated 1,700 feet high. But even smaller waves are dangerous to ships and coastlines. Indeed, the lessons of the 2004 Bay of Bengal tsunami and the damage wrought by recent tidal surges in New Orleans underscore the need for better tracking and prediction of extreme waves. Extreme Waves is a fascinating history of waves. Covering both the headline stories as well as incidents that are less well-known but equally startling Craig Smith, author and amateur sailor, will have you riveted from the first chapter to the last.
Extreme Waves and Shock-Excited Processes in Structures and Space Objects: Volume II (Modeling of Extreme Waves in Technology and Nature)
by Shamil U. GalievThe theory of waves is generalized on cases when waves change medium in which they appear and propagate. A reaction of structural elements and space objects to the dynamic actions of the different nature, durations, and intensities is studied. It considers the effects of transitions in the state and phase equations of media on the formation and propagation of extreme waves as a result of power, thermal, or laser pulsed action. The influence of cavitation and cool boiling of liquids, geometric and physical nonlinearity of walls on containers’ strength, and the formation of extreme waves is studied. The theory can be also used to optimize impulse technology, in particular, in the optimization of explosive processing of sheet metal by explosion in a liquid. This book was written for researchers and engineers, as well as graduate students in the fields of thermal fluids, aerospace, nuclear engineering, and nonlinear waves.
Extreme Weather for Kids: Lessons and Activities All About Hurricanes, Tornadoes, Blizzards, and More!
by Matthew CappucciExtreme Weather for Kids is a whirlwind ride through the wild world of weather, written in accessible language and complemented by vivid descriptions and imagery. Designed to harness children’s natural curiosity, this action-packed introduction to meteorology incorporates first-hand accounts from inside Mother Nature’s most dramatic moments. For each phenomenon introduced, explanatory text, informative illustrations, sidebars, and asides allow readers to explore at their own pace. Along with storm-chasing reports and photos from in the field, each chapter includes a step-by-step hands-on activity for engaging with the science. What is the polar vortex? And why does a disrupted “polar vortex” lead to extreme cold air outbreaks across Europe, Asia, and North America? Among the many “in case you were wondering” questions addressed: - How strong can a hurricane get? - What’s the biggest tornado to have ever happened? - How large can hail get? - Is “thunders now” real? How does it form? - How thick is lightning? And how powerful is it? - Where can I find “fossilized lightning?” - Can it snow in the desert? - What are “solar storms?” - What makes the northern (and southern) lights? Weather is one of the most accessible sciences there is. Everyone experiences it in some way or another, and learning the basics behind it naturally sparks interest in other sciences. That’s why Extreme Weather for Kids also teaches the basic principles of scientific observation while placing a key emphasis on safety. Extreme Weather for Kids is sure to awaken the joy of learning rain or shine.
Extremes: Life, Death and the Limits of the Human Body
by Kevin FongIn anaesthetist Dr Kevin Fong's television programmes he has often demonstrated the impact of extremes on the human body by using his own body as a 'guinea pig'. So Dr Fong is well placed to share his experience of the sheer audacity of medical practice at extreme physiological limits, where human life is balanced on a knife edge. Through gripping accounts of extraordinary events and pioneering medicine, Dr Fong explores how our body responds when tested by the extremes of heat and cold, vacuum and altitude, age and disease. He shows how science, technology and medicine have taken what was once lethal in the world and made it survivable. This is not only a book about medicine, but also about exploration in its broadest sense - and about how, by probing the very limits of our biology, we may ultimately return with a better appreciation of how our bodies work, of what life is, and what it means to be human.
Extremes (Darwin College Lectures #31)
by Duncan Needham Julius WeitzdörferHumanity is confronted by and attracted to extremes. Extreme events shape our thinking, feeling, and actions; they echo in our politics, media, literature, and science. We often associate extremes with crises, disasters, and risks to be averted, yet extremes also have the potential to lead us towards new horizons. Featuring essays by leading intellectuals and public figures arising from the 2017 Darwin College Lectures, this volume explores 'extreme' events, from the election of President Trump, the rise of populism, and the Brexit referendum, to the 2008 financial crisis, the Syrian war, and climate change. It also celebrates 'extreme' achievements in the realms of health, exploration, and scientific discovery. A fascinating, engaging, and timely collection of essays by renowned scholars, journalists, and intellectuals, this volume challenges our understanding of what is normal and what is truly extreme, and sheds light on some of the issues facing humanity in the twenty-first century.
Extremes and Recurrence in Dynamical Systems
by Valerio Lucarini Ana De Freitas Jorge De Freitas Davide Faranda Mark Holland Matthew Nicol Mike Todd Sandro Vaienti Jeroen WoutersPresents recent advances on the theory of extreme values that result from investigations of dynamical systems applications Written by a team of international experts, Extremes and Recurrence in Dynamical Systems presents a unique point of view on the mathematical theory of extremes and how it relates to applications in the natural and social sciences. Featuring an interdisciplinary approach to new concepts in pure and applied mathematical research, the book skillfully combines the areas of statistical mechanics, probability theory, measure theory, dynamical systems, statistical inference, geophysics, and software application. Emphasizing statistical mechanics, the book introduces robust theoretical embedding for the application of extreme value theory and modeling through dynamical systems. Extremes and Recurrence in Dynamical Systems also features: A careful examination of how a dynamical system can be taken as a generator of stochastic processes Discussions on the applications of statistical inference in the theoretical and heuristic use of extremes Several examples of analysis of extremes in a physical and geophysical context A final summary of the main results presented with a discussion of forthcoming research guidelines An appendix with software Matlab® and Octave programming language to help readers to develop further understanding of the presented concepts Extremes and Recurrence in Dynamical Systems is ideal for academics and practitioners in pure and applied mathematics, probability theory, statistics, chaos, theoretical and applied dynamical systems, statistical mechanics, geophysical fluid dynamics, geosciences and complexity science.