- Table View
- List View
Gas Adsorption in Metal-Organic Frameworks: Fundamentals and Applications
by T. Grant Glover and Bin MuThis text discusses the synthesis, characterization, and application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the purpose of adsorbing gases. It provides details on the fundamentals of thermodynamics, mass transfer, and diffusion that are commonly required when evaluating MOF materials for gas separation and storage applications and includes a discussion of molecular simulation tools needed to examine gas adsorption in MOFs. Additionally, the work presents techniques that can be used to characterize MOFs after gas adsorption has occurred and provides guidance on the water stability of these materials. Lastly, applications of MOFs are considered with a discussion of how to measure the gas storage capacity of MOFs, a discussion of how to screen MOFs to for filtration applications, and a discussion of the use of MOFs to perform industrial separations, such as olefin/paraffin separations. Throughout the work, fundamental information, such as a discussion on the calculation of MOF surface area and description of adsorption phenomena in packed-beds, is balanced with a discussion of the results from research literature.
Gas and Particle Phase Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Compounds
by Douglas A. LaneIt is becoming increasingly important to understand how and why semivolatile atmospheric pollutants partition between gas phase and particulate matter in the atmosphere. In this text the world's leading researchers in the field explain the significance of gas/particle ratios; physical and chemical parameters determining how semivolatiles partition in the atmosphere; how gas/particle ratio measurements are made; what artefacts occur during sampling; and novel new techniques and instruments for obtaining artefact-free results. Intended to be a reference book and a guide for those who study the gas/particle ratios of semivolatile atmospheric compounds. This book will be of interest to beginners in the field as well as those who have been involved in the field for many years and would like, in a single reference text, a comprehensive compendium of what is known about the theory and practice of gas/particle phase measurements.
Gas Chromatography In Forensic Science
by I. TebbettDescribes the application of gas chromatography to various aspects of forensic chemistry. Following an introduction to the basic theory of chromatographic separations, the text discusses specific issues, such as drug analysis, fires and explosives, alcohol and toxicology.
Gas Explosion Technology and Biomass Refinery
by Hongzhang ChenThe book introduces gas explosion technology (GET) and its applications in biomass refineries. In this book an overview of GET is provided, the mechanisms are thoroughly discussed. The chapters also cover the latest processes and equipments of GET, including equipment selection, parameter determination and engineering scaling-up. Last but not least the applications of GET are introduced in details. It is an excellent reference and guidance for scientists engaging in the research of biomass and biotechnology. Professor Hongzhang Chen is the Vice Director and Supervisor of the State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering at the Institute of Process Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Gas Hydrate in Water Treatment: Technological, Economic, and Industrial Aspects
by Bhajan Lal Sirisha NallakukkalaGAS HYDRATE IN WATER TREATMENT Explores current progress in the expanding field of gas hydrate-based desalination As potable water shortages continue to affect billions of people worldwide, seawater desalination and wastewater treatment have the potential to meet freshwater demands in the near future. Gas hydrate-based desalination, a process which requires CO2 and water as solvent, has become an increasingly popular approach—desalination with hydrates is environmentally friendly and can produce cheaper desalted water than other existing conventional technologies. Gas Hydrate in Water Treatment: Technological, Economic, and Industrial Aspects provides detailed, up-to-date reference to the application of gas hydrates in wastewater and seawater desalination treatment. Edited by experienced researchers in the field, this comprehensive volume describes the fundamental aspects of desalination and summarizes the latest research on gas hydrate-based desalination. The authors address a broad range of key topics, including issues related to water scarcity, post-treatment of desalinated water using both conventional and new technologies, hydrate-based desalination methods driven by renewable energy sources, and more. Provides thorough coverage of the technological, waste brine management, economic, and renewable energy and remineralization aspects of gas hydrate-based wastewater treatment Describes the energetic, economic, and environmental impact of gas hydrate desalination Explains the core concepts of gas hydrate-based desalination to help readers evaluate the performance of existing desalination processes Discusses the advantages and challenges of hydrate-based water treatment Compares conventional and gas hydrate technologies used in water treatment Reviews the most recent research in gas hydrate-based desalination Gas Hydrate in Water Treatment: Technological, Economic, and Industrial Aspects is an essential resource for all academics, researchers, process engineers, designers, industry professionals, and advanced students in the field.
Gas Hydrates: From Characterization and Modeling to Applications
by Daniel Broseta Desmedt Arnaud Livio RuffineGas hydrates, or clathrate hydrates, are crystalline solids resembling ice, in which small (guest) molecules, typically gases, are trapped inside cavities formed by hydrogen-bonded water (host) molecules. They form and remain stable under low temperatures – often well below ambient conditions – and high pressures ranging from a few bar to hundreds of bar, depending on the guest molecule. Their presence is ubiquitous on Earth, in deep-marine sediments and in permafrost regions, as well as in outer space, on planets or comets. In addition to water, they can be synthesized with organic species as host molecules, resulting in milder stability conditions: these are referred to as semi-clathrate hydrates. Clathrate and semi-clathrate hydrates are being considered for applications as diverse as gas storage and separation, cold storage and transport and water treatment. This book is the first of two edited volumes, with chapters on the experimental and modeling tools used for characterizing and predicting the unique molecular, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of gas hydrates (Volume 1) and on gas hydrates in their natural environment and for potential industrial applications (Volume 2).
Gas Hydrates
by Carlo Giavarini Keith HesterGas hydrates are both a huge energy resource and an environmental challenge. They have a significant impact on society because of their applications to the future of energy, protection of the environment and fuel transportation. Gas Hydrates opens up this fascinating, multidisciplinary field to non-specialists. It provides a scientific study of gas hydrates that considers their potential as an energy source while assessing the possible risk to the environment. The authors also examine the feasibility of using these natural compounds for storing and transporting gases such as methane and carbon dioxide. Diagrams and photos are used throughout Gas Hydrates to help readers understand the scientific and technical content. Each section has been designed so it can be read independently by academics and professionals in the oil and gas industry, as well as by all those with an interest in how hydrates combine to be an energy resource, an industrial challange and a geological hazard.
Gas Hydrates 2: Geoscience Issues and Potential Industrial Applications
by Livio Ruffine Daniel Broseta Arnaud DesmedtGas hydrates in their natural environment and for potential industrial applications (Volume 2).
Gas Injection for Disposal and Enhanced Recovery
by Ying Wu John J. Carroll Qi LiThis is the fourth volume in a series of books focusing on natural gas engineering, focusing on two of the most important issues facing the industry today: disposal and enhanced recovery of natural gas. This volume includes information for both upstream and downstream operations, including chapters on shale, geological issues, chemical and thermodynamic models, and much more. Written by some of the most well-known and respected chemical and process engineers working with natural gas today, the chapters in this important volume represent the most cutting-edge and state-of-the-art processes and operations being used in the field. Not available anywhere else, this volume is a must-have for any chemical engineer, chemist, or process engineer working with natural gas. There are updates of new technologies in other related areas of natural gas, in addition to disposal and enhanced recovery, including sour gas, acid gas injection, and natural gas hydrate formations. Advances in Natural Gas Engineering is an ongoing series of books meant to form the basis for the working library of any engineer working in natural gas today. Every volume is a must-have for any engineer or library.
Gas Insulated Substations (IEEE Press)
by Hermann J. KochGAS INSULATED SUBSTATIONS An essential reference guide to gas-insulated substations The second edition of Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) is an all-inclusive reference guide to gas insulated substations (GIS) and its advanced technologies. Updated to the latest technical developments and applications, the guide covers basic physics of gas insulated systems, SF6 insulating gas and its alternatives, safety aspects and factors to choose GIS. GIS technology, its modular structure, control and monitoring systems, testing, installation rules and guidelines for operation, specification, and maintenance. Detailed information on various types for GIS, with 14 reference project explanations and three extensive case studies give information for the best solutions of practical applications. Special solutions using mobile substations concepts, mixed technology switchgear (MTS) with air and gas insulated technology, underground substations, and the use of special GIS substation buildings e.g., shopping centers, parking lots, city parks, business complexes’ or subway stations are explained. Future developments of GIS technology are shown for the next steps in alternatives to SF6, low power instrument transformers, and digitalization of substations. A new chapter explains advanced technologies applied to GIS projects which cover the following; environmental issues for the substation permission process, insulation coordination studies for the network requirements including very fast transients, project scope development, risk-based asset management, health and safety impact, electromagnetic fields, SF6 decomposition byproducts and condition assessment. Disruptive development steps in gas insulated substations technologies are also covered in this second edition. Vacuum breaking and switching technology for rated voltages of up to 500 kV is explained in detail with its physical background. Principle function and possible implementation of low power instrument transformers (LPIT) are explained and examples of applications are given. The principles of digital twin for gas insulated substations (GIS) and gas insulated transmission lines (GIL) are explained in theory and project applications show the practical use and advantage. The wide and fast-growing technical field of offshore GIS applications for AC and DC is explained on many examples and gives information on special requirements when getting offshore. Theoretical requirements on DC gas insulated systems, methods of testing, prototype installation tests, modular design features, and advantages in applications are given. Finally, impact and advantages of digital substations using GIS are explained. Key features: Written by leading GIS experts involved in development and project applications Discusses practical and theoretical aspects Detailed material of GIS for new and experienced GIS users, and project planners Invaluable guide to practicing electrical, mechanical and civil engineers as well as third- and fourth-year electric power engineering students
Gas-Liquid-Solid Chromatography
by Victor G. BerezkinBerezkin (petrochemical synthesis, USSR Academy of Sciences) explains to chromatographers that gas-liquid chromatography, an exciting development of gas chromatography, is itself just a limited case of gas-liquid-solid chromatography, and shows how this perspective can help solve problems more quick
Gas-Phase IR Spectroscopy and Structure of Biological Molecules
by Anouk M. Rijs Jos OomensThe series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students.
Gas-Phase Photoprocesses (Springer Series in Chemical Physics #123)
by Anatoly PravilovThis book provides details of the basic frameworks and characteristics of processes occurring in electronically excited states of small molecules, complexes, and clusters. It discusses the perturbations in electronically excited valence states of molecules induced by intramolecular interaction and intermolecular interactions, which occur in collisions and optically populated, weakly bound complexes. Further, it describes the kinetics and mechanisms of photoprocesses in simple molecules and recombination accompanied by radiation. The book also offers information on general kinetics for gas-phase processes and basic theoretical frameworks for elementary processes. It features many useful problems, making it a valuable resource for students and researchers in molecular spectroscopy/molecular physics and chemical physics/physical chemistry.
Gas-Phase Pyrolytic Reactions: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Kinetics
by Nouria A. Al-AwadiOffers a physical organic chemistry and mechanistic perspective of the chemistry of thermal processes in the gas phase The book looks at all aspects of the chemical processing technique called gas-phase pyrolysis, including its methodology and reactors, synthesis, reaction mechanisms, structure, kinetics, and applications. It discusses combinations of pyrolytic reactors with physiochemical techniques, routes for and reactions for the synthesis of organic compounds, and the control of reaction rates. Gas-Phase Pyrolytic Reactions: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Kinetics starts with in-depth chapter coverage of static pyrolysis, dynamic flow pyrolysis, and analytical pyrolysis. It then examines synthesis and applications, including flash vacuum pyrolysis in organic synthesis, elimination of HX, elimination of CO and CO2, pyrolysis of Meldrum’s acid derivatives, and elimination of N2. A chapter on reaction mechanism comes next and includes coverage of retero-ene reaction and reactive intermediates. Following that are sections covering: structure/reactivity correlation, functional group & structural frame interconversions; gas-phase pyrolysis of hydrazones and phosphorus Ylides; and more. Deals with a growing area of chemistry and engineering interest that fits under the practices of green and sustainable chemistry Addresses several important aspects: methodology and reactors, synthesis, reaction mechanisms, structure, kinetics, and applications Reviews general methods of pyrolysis techniques Sets out the fundamentals and advantages of gas-phase pyrolysis in a way that illustrates its wide potential applications Gas-Phase Pyrolytic Reactions: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Kinetics will appeal to organic chemists, physical organic chemists, chemical engineers and anyone interested in green/sustainable chemistry, chemical synthesis, or process chemistry.
Gas Separation Membranes
by Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Kailash Chandra Khulbe Takeshi MatsuuraThis book describes the tremendous progress that has been made in the development of gas separation membranes based both on inorganic and polymeric materials. Materials discussed include polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon based materials, zeolites, as well as other materials, and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) in which the above novel materials are incorporated. This broad survey of gas membranes covers material, theory, modeling, preparation, characterization (for example, by AFM, IR, XRD, ESR, Positron annihilation spectroscopy), tailoring of membranes, membrane module and system design, and applications. The book is concluded with some perspectives about the future direction of the field.
Gas Transport in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
by Weidong He Weiqiang Lv James DickersonThis book provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary research and emerging measurement technologies associated with gas transport in solid oxide fuel cells. Within these pages, an introduction to the concept of gas diffusion in solid oxide fuel cells is presented. This book also discusses the history and underlying fundamental mechanisms of gas diffusion in solid oxide fuel cells, general theoretical mathematical models for gas diffusion, and traditional and advanced techniques for gas diffusivity measurement.
Gas Treating
by Dag EimerGas Treating: Absorption Theory and Practice provides an introduction to the treatment of natural gas, synthesis gas and flue gas, addressing why it is necessary and the challenges involved. The book concentrates in particular on the absorption-desorption process and mass transfer coupled with chemical reaction. Following a general introduction to gas treatment, the chemistry of CO2, H2S and amine systems is described, and selected topics from physical chemistry with relevance to gas treating are presented. Thereafter the absorption process is discussed in detail, column hardware is explained and the traditional mass transfer model mechanisms are presented together with mass transfer correlations. This is followed by the central point of the text in which mass transfer is combined with chemical reaction, highlighting the associated possibilities and problems. Experimental techniques, data analysis and modelling are covered, and the book concludes with a discussion on various process elements which are important in the absorption-desorption process, but are often neglected in its treatment. These include heat exchange, solution management, process flowsheet variations, choice of materials and degradation of absorbents. The text is rounded off with an overview of the current state of research in this field and a discussion of real-world applications. This book is a practical introduction to gas treating for practicing process engineers and chemical engineers working on purification technologies and gas treatment, in particular, those working on CO2 abatement processes, as well as post-graduate students in process engineering, chemical engineering and chemistry.
Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Power Plants
by S. Can GülenThis book covers the design, analysis, and optimization of the cleanest, most efficient fossil fuel-fired electric power generation technology at present and in the foreseeable future. The book contains a wealth of first principles-based calculation methods comprising key formulae, charts, rules of thumb, and other tools developed by the author over the course of 25+ years spent in the power generation industry. It is focused exclusively on actual power plant systems and actual field and/or rating data providing a comprehensive picture of the gas turbine combined cycle technology from performance and cost perspectives. Material presented in this book is applicable for research and development studies in academia and government/industry laboratories, as well as practical, day-to-day problems encountered in the industry (including OEMs, consulting engineers and plant operators).
Gas Turbine Emissions
by Timothy C. Lieuwen Vigor YangThe development of clean, sustainable energy systems is one of the preeminent issues of our time. Most projections indicate that combustion-based energy conversion systems will continue to be the predominant approach for the majority of our energy usage, and gas turbines will continue to be important combustion-based energy conversion devices for many decades to come, used for aircraft propulsion, ground-based power generation, and mechanical-drive applications. This book compiles the key scientific and technological knowledge associated with gas turbine emissions into a single authoritative source. The book has three sections: the first section reviews major issues with gas turbine combustion, including design approaches and constraints, within the context of emissions. The second section addresses fundamental issues associated with pollutant formation, modeling, and prediction. The third section features case studies from manufacturers and technology developers, emphasizing the system-level and practical issues that must be addressed in developing different types of gas turbines that emit pollutants at acceptable levels.
Gas Turbine Heat Transfer and Cooling Technology
by Je-Chin Han Sandip Dutta Srinath EkkadA comprehensive reference for engineers and researchers, this second edition focuses on gas turbine heat transfer issues and their associated cooling technologies for aircraft and land-based gas turbines. It provides information on state-of-the-art cooling technologies such as advanced turbine blade film cooling and internal cooling schemes. The book also offers updated experimental methods for gas turbine heat transfer and cooling research, as well as advanced computational models for gas turbine heat transfer and cooling performance predictions. The authors provide suggestions for future research within this technology and includes 800 illustrations to help clarify concepts and instruction.
Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems
by Bernie Macisaac Roy LangtonMajor changes in gas turbine design, especially in the design and complexity of engine control systems, have led to the need for an up to date, systems-oriented treatment of gas turbine propulsion. Pulling together all of the systems and subsystems associated with gas turbine engines in aircraft and marine applications, Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems discusses the latest developments in the field.Chapters include aircraft engine systems functional overview, marine propulsion systems, fuel control and power management systems, engine lubrication and scavenging systems, nacelle and ancillary systems, engine certification, unique engine systems and future developments in gas turbine propulsion systems. The authors also present examples of specific engines and applications.Written from a wholly practical perspective by two authors with long careers in the gas turbine & fuel systems industries, Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems provides an excellent resource for project and program managers in the gas turbine engine community, the aircraft OEM community, and tier 1 equipment suppliers in Europe and the United States. It also offers a useful reference for students and researchers in aerospace engineering.
Gas Turbines for Electric Power Generation
by S. Can GülenIn this essential reference, both students and practitioners in the field will find an accessible discussion of electric power generation with gas turbine power plants, using quantitative and qualitative tools. Beginning with a basic discussion of thermodynamics of gas turbine cycles from a second law perspective, the material goes on to cover with depth an analysis of the translation of the cycle to a final product, facilitating quick estimates. In order to provide readers with the knowledge they need to design turbines effectively, there are explanations of simple and combined cycle design considerations, and state-of-the-art, performance prediction and optimization techniques, as well as rules of thumb for design and off-design performance and operational flexibility, and simplified calculations for myriad design and off-design performance. The text also features an introduction to proper material selection, manufacturing techniques, and construction, maintenance, and operation of gas turbine power plants.
Gas Turbines Modeling, Simulation, and Control: Using Artificial Neural Networks
by Hamid AsgariGas Turbines Modeling, Simulation, and Control: Using Artificial Neural Networks provides new approaches and novel solutions to the modeling, simulation, and control of gas turbines (GTs) using artificial neural networks (ANNs). After delivering a brief introduction to GT performance and classification, the book:Outlines important criteria to consi
Gaschromatographie in Bildern: Eine Einführung
by Bruno KolbDie bew hrte Einf hrung in die Gaschromatographie von Bruno Kolb enth lt jetzt auch einen Abschnitt ber die GC-MS-Kopplung. Praktiker, Studenten und Auszubildende k nnen sich durch dieses Buch schnell und einfach mit der GC vertraut machen. Der Autor beschreibt neben den Grundlagen und Begriffen die Teile des GC-Systems (Injektionssysteme, Trenns ulen und Detektoren), die zahlreichen M glichkeiten der Probenaufgabe speziell f r Kapillars ulen, Betriebs-und Trennbedingungen, sowie ausf hrlich die quantitative Auswertung. Aus Rezensionen der ersten Auflage "Dieses didaktisch und graphisch gut gestaltete Buch kann den Anwendern der Kapillar-GC w rmstens empfohlen werden; es kann auch in der Ausbildung sehr gut eingesetzt werden." Chromatographia "Dem Autor ist es gelungen, ohne komplizierte Theorien zu beschreiben, in anschaulicher Weise pr zise ber die wesentlichen Grundlagen der GC zu informieren. Herausragend ist dabei die Gegen berstellung von verst ndlichen Abbildungen mit dem dazugeh rigen Text auf jeder Doppelseite des Buches. [...] Das Werk sollte deshalb in keinem GC-Labor fehlen und ist dem neuen Anwender oder den 'alten Hasen' u erst zu empfehlen." Lebensmittelchemie ber den Autor: Bruno Kolb war lange Jahre in der Perkin-Elmer Firmengruppe als Leiter der GC-Anwendung t tig und war massgeblich an der Entwicklung von GC-Detektoren und insbesondere der Headspace-Technik beteiligt. Er hat zahlreiche GC-Einf hrungs- und Anwendungskurse gegeben, ist Herausgeber und Autor mehrerer B cher sowie von ber 50 wissenschaftlichen und technischen Publikationen.
Gaseous and Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg-Based Thin Films
by Gongbiao XinThis thesis introduces the preparation of a series of Mg-based thin films with different structures using magnetron sputtering, as well as the systematical investigation of their gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage properties under mild conditions. It reviews promising applications of Mg-based thin films in smart windows, hydrogen sensors and Ni-MH batteries, while also providing significant insights into research conducted on Mg-based hydrogen storage materials, especially the Mg-based films. Moreover, the unique experimental procedures and methods (including electric resistance, optical transmittance and electrochemical methods) used in this thesis will serve as a valuable reference for researchers in the field of Mg-based hydrogen storage films.