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Fusion Plasma Physics
by Weston M. StaceyThis revised and enlarged second edition of the popular textbook and reference contains comprehensive treatments of both the established foundations of magnetic fusion plasma physics and of the newly developing areas of active research. It concludes with a look ahead to fusion power reactors of the future. The well-established topics of fusion plasma physics -- basic plasma phenomena, Coulomb scattering, drifts of charged particles in magnetic and electric fields, plasma confinement by magnetic fields, kinetic and fluid collective plasma theories, plasma equilibria and flux surface geometry, plasma waves and instabilities, classical and neoclassical transport, plasma-materials interactions, radiation, etc. -- are fully developed from first principles through to the computational models employed in modern plasma physics. The new and emerging topics of fusion plasma physics research -- fluctuation-driven plasma transport and gyrokinetic/gyrofluid computational methodology, the physics of the divertor, neutral atom recycling and transport, impurity ion transport, the physics of the plasma edge (diffusive and non-diffusive transport, MARFEs, ELMs, the L-H transition, thermal-radiative instabilities, shear suppression of transport, velocity spin-up), etc. -- are comprehensively developed and related to the experimental evidence. Operational limits on the performance of future fusion reactors are developed from plasma physics and engineering constraints, and conceptual designs of future fusion power reactors are discussed.
Fusion Protein Technologies for Biopharmaceuticals: Applications and Challenges
by Stefan R. SchmidtThe state of the art in biopharmaceutical FUSION PROTEIN DESIGN Fusion proteins belong to the most lucrative biotech drugs—with Enbrel® being one of the best-selling biologics worldwide. Enbrel® represents a milestone of modern therapies just as Humulin®, the first therapeutic recombinant protein for human use, approved by the FDA in 1982 and Orthoclone® the first monoclonal antibody reaching the market in 1986. These first generation molecules were soon followed by a plethora of recombinant copies of natural human proteins, and in 1998, the first de novo designed fusion protein was launched. Fusion Protein Technologies for Biopharmaceuticals examines the state of the art in developing fusion proteins for biopharmaceuticals, shedding light on the immense potential inherent in fusion protein design and functionality. A wide pantheon of international scientists and researchers deliver a comprehensive and complete overview of therapeutic fusion proteins, combining the success stories of marketed drugs with the dynamic preclinical and clinical research into novel drugs designed for as yet unmet medical needs. The book covers the major types of fusion proteins—receptor-traps, immunotoxins, Fc-fusions and peptibodies—while also detailing the approaches for developing, delivering, and improving the stability of fusion proteins. The main body of the book contains three large sections that address issues key to this specialty: strategies for extending the plasma half life, the design of toxic proteins, and utilizing fusion proteins for ultra specific targeting. The book concludes with novel concepts in this field, including examples of highly relevant multifunctional antibodies. Detailing the innovative science, commercial realities, and brilliant potential of fusion protein therapeutics, Fusion Protein Technologies for Biopharmaceuticals is a must for pharmaceutical scientists, biochemists, medicinal chemists, molecular biologists, pharmacologists, and genetic engineers interested in determining the shape of innovation in the world of biopharmaceuticals.
Fusion Reactor Design: Plasma Physics, Fuel Cycle System, Operation and Maintenance
by Takashi OkazakiFusion Reactor Design Provides a detailed overview of fusion reactor design, written by an international leader in the field Nuclear fusion—generating four times as much energy from the same mass of fuel as nuclear fission—is regarded by its proponents as a viable, eco-friendly alternative to gas-fired, coal-fired, and conventional power plants. Although the physics of nuclear fusion is essentially understood, the construction of prototype reactors currently presents significant technical challenges. Fusion Reactor Design: Plasma Physics, Fuel Cycle System, Operation and Maintenance provides a systematic, reader-friendly introduction to the characteristics, components, and critical systems of fusion reactors. Focusing on the experimental Tokamak reactor, this up-to-date resource covers relevant plasma physics, necessary technology, analysis methods, and the other aspects of fusion reactors. In-depth chapters include derivations of key formulas, figures highlighting physical and structural characteristics of fusion reactors, illustrative numerical calculations, practical design examples, and more. Designed to help researchers and engineers understand and overcome the technological difficulties in making fusion power a reality, this volume: Provides in-depth knowledge on controlled thermonuclear fusion and its large-scale application in both current fusion reactors and future test reactors Covers plasma analysis, plasma equilibrium and stability, and plasma transport and confinement, and safety considerations Explains each component of fusion reactors, including divertors, superconducting coils, plasma heating and current drive systems, and vacuum vessels Discusses safety aspects of fusion reactors as well as computational approaches to safety aspects of fusion reactors Fusion Reactor Design: Plasma Physics, Fuel Cycle System, Operation and Maintenance is required reading for undergraduate and graduate students studying plasma physics and fusion reactor technology, and an important reference for nuclear physicists, nuclear reactor manufacturers, and power engineers involved in fusion reactor research and advanced technology development.
Fusion of Hard and Soft Control Strategies for the Robotic Hand
by Cheng-Hung Chen Desineni Subbaram NaiduAn in-depth review of hybrid control techniques for smart prosthetic hand technology by two of the world’s pioneering experts in the field Long considered the stuff of science fiction, a prosthetic hand capable of fully replicating all of that appendage’s various functions is closer to becoming reality than ever before. This book provides a comprehensive report on exciting recent developments in hybrid control techniques—one of the most crucial hurdles to be overcome in creating smart prosthetic hands. Coauthored by two of the world’s foremost pioneering experts in the field, Fusion of Hard and Soft Control Strategies for Robotic Hand treats robotic hands for multiple applications. Itbegins withan overview of advances in main control techniques that have been made over the past decade before addressing the military context for affordable robotic hand technology with tactile and/or proprioceptive feedback for hand amputees. Kinematics, homogeneous transformations, inverse and differential kinematics, trajectory planning, and dynamic models of two-link thumb and three-link index finger are discussed in detail. The remainder of the book is devoted to the most promising soft computing techniques, particle swarm optimization techniques, and strategies combining hard and soft controls. In addition, the book: Includes a report on exciting new developments in prosthetic/robotic hand technology, with an emphasis on the fusion of hard and soft control strategies Covers both prosthetic and non-prosthetic hand designs for everything from routine human operations, robotic surgery, and repair and maintenance, to hazardous materials handling, space applications, explosives disposal, and more Provides a comprehensive overview of five-fingered robotic hand technology kinematics, dynamics, and control Features detailed coverage of important recent developments in neuroprosthetics Fusion of Hard and Soft Control Strategies for Robotic Hand is a must-read for researchers in control engineering, robotic engineering, biomedical sciences and engineering, and rehabilitation engineering.
Fusion's Promise: How Technological Breakthroughs in Nuclear Fusion Can Conquer Climate Change on Earth (And Carry Humans To Mars, Too)
by Alfred B. Bortz Matthew MoynihanFor over 60 years, scientists and engineers have been trying to crack a seemingly intractable problem: how to build practical devices that exploit nuclear fusion. Access to electricity has facilitated a standard of living that was previously unimaginable, but as the world’s population grows and developing nations increasingly reap the benefits of electrification, we face a serious global problem: burning fossil fuels currently produces about eighty percent of the world's energy, but it produces a greenhouse effect that traps outgoing infrared radiation and warms the planet, risking dire environmental consequences unless we reduce our fossil fuel consumption to near zero in the coming decades. Nuclear fusion, the energy-producing process in the sun and stars, could provide the answer: if it can be successfully harnessed here on Earth, it will produce electricity with near-zero CO2 byproduct by using the nuclei in water as its main fuel. The principles behind fusion are understood, but the technology is far from being fully realized, and governments, universities, and venture capitalists are pumping vast amounts of money into many ideas, some highly speculative, that could lead to functioning fusion reactors. This book puts all of these attempts together in one place, providing clear explanations for readers who are interested in new energy technologies, including those with no formal training in science or engineering. For each of the many approaches to fusion, the reader will learn who pioneered the approach, how the concept works in plain English, how experimental tests were engineered, the future prospects, and comparison with other approaches. From long-established fusion technologies to emerging and exotic methods, the reader will learn all about the idea that could eventually constitute the single greatest engineering advance in human history.
Fusion: A Voyage Through the Plasma Universe
by Hans WilhelmssonJourneying through fusion in the universe, Fusion: A Voyage Through the Plasma Universe discusses all aspects of fusion and how they relate to our universe. It also studies the attempts to produce fusion energy on Earth. The book addresses a wide range of topics from stars, galaxies, comets, pulsars, black holes, and quasars to the auroras, lightni
Future Air Force Needs For Survivability
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesA key technical issue for future Air Force systems is to improve their ability to survive. Increased use of stealth technology is proposed by many to be the major element in efforts to enhance survivability for future systems. Others, however, suggest that the high cost and maintenance required of stealth technology make increased speed potentially more productive. To help address this issue, the Air Force asked the NRC to investigate combinations of speed and stealth that would provide U.S. aircraft with a high survival capability in the 2018 period, and to identify changes in R&D plans to enable such aircraft. This report presents a review of stealth technology development; a discussion of possible future missions and threats; an analysis of the technical feasibility for achieving various levels of stealth and different speeds by 2018 and of relevant near-term R&D needs and priorities; and observations about the utility of speed and stealth trade-offs against evolving threats.
Future Biotechnology Research on the International Space Station
by National Research CouncilA report on Future Biotechnology Research on the International Space Station
Future Challenges in Crop Protection Against Fungal Pathogens
by Aakash Goyal Chakravarthula ManoharacharyThis volume presents the issues and challenges of crop pathogens and plant protection. Composed of the latest knowledge in plant pathology, the book covers topics such as fungal diseases of the groundnut, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, plant pathogenic fungi in the genomics era, the increased virulence of wheat rusts and oat fungal diseases. Written by experienced and internationally recognized scientists in the field, Future Challenges in Crop Protection Against Fungal Pathogens is a concise yet comprehensive resource valuable for both novice as well as experienced plant scientists and researchers.
Future Cities Making: Mission-oriented Research for Urban Sustainability Transitions in Australia (Theory and Practice of Urban Sustainability Transitions)
by Niki Frantzeskaki Peter Newton Deo Prasad Magnus Moglia Melissa Pineda PintoThis open access book describes the complex dynamics that coevolve in cities and from cities, to inform agendas for urban research and urban policy with a view to future city missions. It provides a suite of research-informed chapters on urban pathways that are early signals and visions for how future cities can be shaped and transformed as well as chapters from policy, industry and intermediary organization actors that relate and respond to these pathways from a mainstreaming and implementation perspective. This edited collection intends to trigger and capture an ambitious transformative agenda amongst researchers and practitioners who have as their mission to shape urban futures. While there is proliferating literature on cities, urbanism and urban governance, this book offers a unique selling point – implying a research positioning point – to the field of sustainability transitions by intersecting research on urban sustainability transitions and missions-oriented research. The focus on the nexus of game-changers, pathways and innovations sets the book firmly in the leading edge of urban transitions research. The book engages with a breadth of disciplines including sustainability science, urban planning, urban design, mobility, energy, climate change science, urban ecology, urban sociology, architecture, data science, sustainability transitions studies, policy analysis and policy studies, as well as environmental governance. As an output, it aims to engage with and inspire future research and teaching/education in the fields of architecture and urban planning, urban design, environmental governance, sustainability science, innovation studies and urban sociology.
Future Crimes: How Our Radical Dependence on Technology Threatens Us All
by Marc GoodmanFrom one of the world's leading authorities on global security, Future Crimes takes readers deep into the digital underground to illuminate the alarming ways criminals, corporations, and even countries are using new and emerging technologies against you--and how this makes everyone more vulnerable than you ever thought possible. Technological advances have benefited our world in immeasurable ways--but there is an ominous flip side. Criminals are often the earliest, and most innovative, adopters of technology, and modern times have lead to modern crimes. Today's criminals are stealing identities, draining online bank accounts and wiping out computer servers. It's disturbingly easy to activate baby monitors to spy on families, pacemakers can be hacked to deliver a lethal jolt of electricity, and thieves are analyzing your social media in order to determine the best time for a home invasion. Meanwhile, 3D printers produce AK-47s, terrorists can download the recipe for the Ebola virus, and drug cartels are building drones. This is just the beginning of the tsunami of technological threats coming our way. In Future Crimes, Marc Goodman rips opens his database of hundreds of real cases to give us front-row access to these impending perils. Reading like a sci-fi thriller, but based in startling fact, Future Crimes raises tough questions about the expanding role of technology in our lives. Future Crimes is a call to action for better security measures worldwide, but most importantly, it will empower readers to protect themselves against looming technological threats--before it's too late.
Future Design for Creating a World Worth Inheriting
by Tatsuyoshi SaijoOur world stands at a critical crossroads. While world leaders wage wars and pursue aggression, humanity faces mounting "future failures" - burdens we're leaving for generations yet unborn. Scientists warn that carbon emissions, nitrogen cycles, and biodiversity loss have already reached dangerous tipping points. Yet we possess what we call "futurability" - the capacity to find joy in creating happiness for future generations, even at the expense of immediate gains. However, our current society isn't structured to nurture this vital human trait. Drawing inspiration from the Iroquois' seventh-generation principle, we've developed and tested innovative social mechanisms through rigorous laboratory experiments and real-world applications. This book, "Future Design for Creating a World Worth Inheriting," presents our vision and practical framework for redesigning society to activate our collective futurability. Through years of research and implementation, we've created concrete solutions that can transform how we make decisions about our shared future. Join us in this crucial endeavor to create a world our descendants will thank us for - a world truly worth inheriting.
Future Design: Incorporating Preferences of Future Generations for Sustainability (Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific)
by Tatsuyoshi SaijoThis book discusses imaginary future generations and how current decision-making will influence those future generations. Markets and democracies focus on the present and therefore tend to make us forget that we are living in the present, with ancestors preceding and descendants succeeding us. Markets are excellent devices to equate supply and demand in the short term, but not for allocating resources between current and future generations, since future generations do not exist yet. Democracy is also not “applicable” for future generations, since citizens vote for candidates who will serve members of their, i.e., the current, generation. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the authors discusses imaginary future generations and future ministries in the context of current decision-making in fields such as the environment, urban management, forestry, water management, and finance. The idea of imaginary future generations comes from the Native American Iroquois, who had strong norms that compelled them to incorporate the interests of people seven generations ahead when making decisions.
Future Dimensions Of World Food And Population
by Richard G. WoodsIs it possible to feed those who now are hungry in the world in addition to the billions of people who will be born by the end of the century? Or are we headed for an inevitable Malthusian catastrophe because the task is impossible? What can developing countries do to increase agricultural self-reliance? What population dynamics accompany the transition from high birth and death rates in developing countries to low birth and death rates? What research can aid the struggle to provide food to the world's masses? These and other questions are explored by an array of experts who participated in the Congressional Roundtable on World Food and Population during 1979-80. They offer this collection of papers in the spirit of optimism about the future and about the U.S. role in international development.
Future Energy: Challenge, Opportunity, and, Sustainability (Green Energy and Technology)
by Xiaolin WangFuture Energy: Challenge, Opportunity, and Sustainability presents new advances and research results in the fields of theoretical, experimental, and practical sustainable energy engineering. The book’s chapters are based on selected research papers presented at the 2023 7th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering (ICSEE 2023). Contributions cover case studies to explore and analyze technological advancements alongside practical applications to help readers better understand the relevant concepts and solutions necessary to achieve clean energy and sustainable development. The book brings together the latest developments in the emerging areas of intelligent power systems, green energy, and technology. It offers approaches to help engineers and researchers working in sustainable energy engineering technologies solve practical problems affecting their daily work.
Future Fear: Fear of the Future from Prehistory to Climate Change
by John PottsThis book places the contemporary fear of climate change in historical perspective, showing that throughout human history the dominant perspective on the future has been one of fear. Across a broad historical sweep, the book describes the varied means employed to predict and control the future: magic, religion, science, and technology. Future Fear traces fear of the future from prehistory to the present, culminating in the contemporary fear of imminent climate change catastrophe. Consideration is also given to hope in a more positive future, revealing that visions of the future have often been a mingling of fear and hope.
Future Files: A Brief History of the Next 50 Years
by Richard WatsonWlliam Gladwell meets Alvin Toffler in this lively, provocative and witty look at our possible futures. Filled with provocative forecasts about how the world might change in the next half century, Future Files examines emerging patterns and developments in society, technology, economy, and business, and makes educated speculations as to where they might take us. It is indispensable to business analysts, strategists and organisations who need to stay ahead of the game as well as providing rich and fascinating material for dinner party conversations. Will machines become more intelligent than humans, and even be able to 'read' our minds? Will food in our fridge speak to each other using radio waves, then come up with options for tonight's menu? Is there a looming environmental crisis where Planet Earth is doomed? Would you like a pill that improves your memory? ...Or a moistened tissue that could erase a bad day? Would you feel safer if your front door could tell you whether the person knocking is not a stranger? These are just some of the provocative forecasts about how the world might change in the next half century which Richard Watson explores in "Future Files".
Future Health Scenarios: AI and Digital Technologies in Global Healthcare Systems (Advances in Smart Healthcare Technologies)
by Chinmay Chakraborty Maria José Sousa Francisco Guilherme Nunes Generosa Do NascimentoDigital technologies is a major emerging area to invest and research in new models of health management. Future health scenarios are constituted by technologies in health and clinical decision-making systems. This book provides a unique multidisciplinary approach for exploring the potential contribution of AI and digital technologies in enabling global healthcare systems to respond to urgent twenty-first-century challenges. Deep analysis has been made regarding telemedicine using big data, deep learning, robotics, mobile and remote applications. Features: Focuses on prospective scenarios in health to predict possible futures. Addresses the urgent needs of the key population, socio-technical and health themes. Covers health innovative practices as 3D models for surgeries, big data to treat rare diseases, and AI robot for heart treatments. Explores telemedicine using big data, deep learning, robotics, mobile and remote applications. Reviews public health based on predictive analytics and disease trends. This book is aimed at researchers, professionals, and graduate students in computer science, artificial intelligence, decision support, healthcare technology management, biomedical engineering, and robotics.
Future Humans: Inside the Science of Our Continuing Evolution
by Scott SolomonAn evolutionary biologist provides surprising insights into the changing nature of Homo sapiens in this &“important and an entertaining read" (Choice). In Future Humans, evolutionary biologist Scott Solomon draws on recent discoveries to examine the future evolution of our species. Combining knowledge of our past with current trends, Solomon offers convincing evidence that evolutionary forces are still affecting us today. But how will modernization—including longer lifespans, changing diets, global travel, and widespread use of medicine and contraceptives—affect our evolutionary future? Solomon presents an entertaining and accessible review of the latest research on human evolution in modern times, drawing on fields from genomics to medicine and the study of our microbiome. Drawing together topics ranging from the rise of online dating and Cesarean sections to the spread of diseases such as HIV and Ebola, Solomon suggests that we are entering a new phase in human evolutionary history—one that makes the future less predictable and more interesting than ever before.
Future Hype: The Myths of Technology Change
by Bob SeidenstickerEveryone knows that today's rate of technological change is unprecedented. With technological breakthroughs from the Internet to cell phones to digital music and pictures, everyone knows that the social impact of technology has never been as profound. Future Hype surveys the past few hundred years to show that many of the technologies we now take for granted transformed society in far more dramatic ways than recent developments so often touted as unparalleled and historic. Seidensticker exposes the hidden costs of technology and will help both consumers and businesses take a shrewder position when the next 'essential' innovation is trotted out.
Future Industrial Internet: Second Future Industrial Internet Symposium, FII 2024, Shenzhen, China, August 23, 2024, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #2446)
by Hao YinThis book constitutes the proceedings of the Second Future Industrial Internet Symposium, FII 2024, held in Shenzhen, China, on August 23, 2024. The 12 full papers and 4 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 75 submissions.They focus on verious aspects of the latest research, applications and development trends related to the industrial internet and associated fields.
Future Interior Concepts (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Anton Fuchs Bernhard BrandstätterIn this book, the authors highlight multiple aspects of and views on comprehensive automotive interior comfort for future mobility. In this context, passenger comfort comprises thermal, acoustic, seat perception, as well as human–machine interaction in the passenger cabin. In five chapters, the contributing authors, hailing from universities, research centers and industry, share their expertise and insights. They take a closer look at future interior concepts from the standpoints of fundamental and applied research, as well as practical aspects.
Future Magic
by Robert L. ForwardThis nonfiction book takes a crack at predicting the future and has some exciting prospects ahead for us.
Future Mechatronics and Automation: Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Future Mechatronics and Automation, (ICMA 2014), 7-8 July, 2014, Beijing, China (Studies in Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering)
by GuohuiYangThis proceedings volume contains selected papers presented at the 2014 International Conference on Future Mechatronics and Automation, held in Beijing, China. Contributions cover the latest developments and advances in the field of Mechatronics and Automation.
Future Minds: The Rise of Intelligence from the Big Bang to the End of the Universe
by Richard YonckFor Readers of Michio Kaku and Stephen Hawking, an Epic Journey through the Intelligent Universe With the ongoing advancement of AI and other technologies, our world is becoming increasingly intelligent. From chatbots to innovations in brain-computer interfaces to the possibility of superintelligences leading to the Singularity later this century, our reality is being transformed before our eyes. This is commonly seen as the natural result of progress, but what if there&’s more to it than that? What if intelligence is an inevitability, an underlying property of the universe? In Future Minds, Richard Yonck challenges our assumptions about intelligence—what it is, how it came to exist, its place in the development of life on Earth and possibly throughout the cosmos. Taking a Big History perspective—over the 14 billion years from the Big Bang to the present and beyond—he draws on recent developments in physics and complexity theory to explore the questions: Why do pockets of increased complexity develop, giving rise to life, intelligence, and civilization? How will it grow and change throughout this century, transforming both technology and humanity? As we expand outward from our planet, will we discover other forms of intelligence, or will we conclude we are destined to go it alone? Any way we look at it, the nature of intelligence in the universe is becoming a central concern for humanity. Ours. Theirs. And everything in between.