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Grape Rootstocks and Related Species
by Alireza Rahemi Karl True Lund Jean C. Dodson PetersonThis book covers about 20 grape species that are vitally important in breeding programs and provide information on approximately 150 of the most familiar grape rootstocks in the world. Today, grape rootstocks play a fundamental role in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and adaptation of grapevine to different environmental conditions, a factor that has opened commercial grape growing up to regions that might otherwise be overlooked. Grape rootstocks can be used for adaptation to a variety of soil conditions, including soil texture, depth, nutrient availability, pH, salinity, lime content, water availability (drought), and water drainage. Rootstocks can also be used to shift scion cultivar; the timing of various key phenological events and indirectly affects vineyard design. There are around 1500 grape rootstocks developed in the world, of which around 50 are commonly used as commercial rootstock. North American species account for around 30 species, and two-third of them have already been used for rootstock breeding at one time or another. However, the most commonly available rootstocks are derived from just three American species (V. berlandieri, V. rupestris, and V. riparia). Therefore, the most common grape rootstocks have a narrow genetic base, and efforts to extend the gene pools for breeding programs by using the other species are of ongoing importance to the industry and scientific community.
Grapes (Crop Production Science in Horticulture)
by Glen Creasy Leroy Creasy""'Creasy and Creasy is the 'go to' reference on my bookshelf when I am searching for thoughts on current production systems. Given the authors' experience, there is good awareness of viticultural practices in different climate zones... I trust readers will find as much benefit and enjoyment with this updated volume as I found with the first."' Dr. Richard Smart, 'the flying vine-doctor', Cornwall, UK Fully revised with new content and full-colour figures throughout, the second edition of this successful book contains expanded content for all sections, particularly those covering the impact of climate change, seasonal management, mechanisation and organic management options. There is a new vine balance section, as well as significant updates to rootstocks and grafting. It includes information on wine grapes in addition to grapes for fresh consumption and raisin production. Covering a broad range of topics from grapevine growth and fruit development, to vineyard establishment, mechanisation and postharvest processing, this book provides historical and current information about the grape industry and sets out the theory and science behind production practices. It is an invaluable resource for grape producers, horticulture and plant science students, as well as enthusiasts of the vine and its products.
Grapes
by L Creasy G CreasyGrapes are one of the world's most widely planted horticultural crops, used to make a variety of fresh, dried and processed products. The science of grapes and grape production are discussed through an examination of wine grapes as well as grapes for fresh consumption and raisin production. Providing historical and current information about the grape industry, chapters cover genetics, breeding and cultivars, grapevine growth, development and nutrition, climate requirements, pests and diseases and post-harvest production. This informative text thoroughly covers the influence of the environment on grapevine health and productivity, and informs the reader on how grapes are grown and factors affecting grape quality.
Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management
by Baozhong Meng Giovanni P. Martelli Deborah A. Golino Marc FuchsThe domestication of grapes dates back five thousand years ago and has spread to nearly all continents. In recent years, grape acreage has increased dramatically in new regions, including the United States of America, Chile, Asia (China and India), and Turkey. A major limiting factor to the sustained production of premium grapes and wines is infections by viruses. The advent of powerful molecular and metagenomics technologies, such as molecular cloning and next generation sequencing, allowed the discovery of new viruses from grapes. To date, grapevine is susceptible to 64 viruses that belong to highly diverse taxonomic groups. The most damaging diseases include: (1) infectious degeneration; (2) leafroll disease complex; and (3) rugose wood complex. Recently, two new disease syndromes have been recognized: Syrah decline and red blotch. Losses due to fanleaf degeneration are estimated at $1 billion annually in France alone. Other diseases including leafroll, rugose wood, Syrah decline and red blotch can result in total crop loss several years post-infection. This situation is further exacerbated by mixed infections with multiple viruses and other biotic as well as adverse abiotic environmental conditions, such as drought and winter damage, causing even greater destruction. The book builds upon the last handbook (written over twenty years ago) on the part of diagnostics and extensively expands its scope by inclusion of molecular biology aspects of select viruses that are widespread and economically most important. This includes most current information on the biology, transmission, genome replication, transcription, subcellular localization, as well as virus-host interactions. It also touches on several novel areas of scientific inquiry. It also contains suggested directions for future research in the field of grapevine virology.
Grapevine Yellows Diseases and Their Phytoplasma Agents
by Marina Dermastia Assunta Bertaccini Fiona Constable Nataša MehleThis work is to compile our current knowledge on GY phytoplasma biology at the genomic, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics level, as well as to summarize the approaches for their detection.Phytoplasma are the most poorly characterized plant pathogenic bacteria from the Mollicutes class. In recent years new biostatistics and bioinformatics approaches have improved our understanding of their biology and interactions with host grapevines and a great improvement has been made toward their molecular detection, both in laboratories and on-site. They have a broad range of plant hosts among the monocots and dicots, and diseases of many important crops are associated with these pathogens. At least ten taxonomically unrelated phytoplasmas, one of them a quarantine pest in Europe, have been associated with grapevine yellows diseases (GY), which have great economic impact on viticulture worldwide.
Graph-Based Modelling in Science, Technology and Art (Mechanisms and Machine Science #107)
by Stanisław Zawiślak Jacek RysińskiThis book presents interdisciplinary, cutting-edge and creative applications of graph theory and modeling in science, technology, architecture and art. Topics are divided into three parts: the first one examines mechanical problems related to gears, planetary gears and engineering installations; the second one explores graph-based methods applied to medical analyses as well as biological and chemical modeling; and the third part includes various topics e.g. drama analysis, aiding of design activities and network visualisation. The authors represent several countries in Europe and America, and their contributions show how different, useful and fruitful the utilization of graphs in modelling of engineering systems can be. The book has been designed to serve readers interested in the subject of graph modelling and those with expertise in related areas, as well as members of the worldwide community of graph modelers.
Graph Energy
by Xueliang Li Ivan Gutman Yongtang ShiThis book is about graph energy. The authors have included many of the important results on graph energy, such as the complete solution to the conjecture on maximal energy of unicyclic graphs, the Wagner-Heuberger's result on the energy of trees, the energy of random graphs or the approach to energy using singular values. It contains an extensive coverage of recent results and a gradual development of topics and the inclusion of complete proofs from most of the important recent results in the area. The latter fact makes it a valuable reference for researchers looking to get into the field of graph energy, further stimulating it with occasional inclusion of open problems. The book provides a comprehensive survey of all results and common proof methods obtained in this field with an extensive reference section. The book is aimed mainly towards mathematicians, both researchers and doctoral students, with interest in the field of mathematical chemistry.
Graph Theory Applications to Deregulated Power Systems (SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering)
by Ricardo Moreno Chuquen Harold R. ChamorroThis book provides a detailed description of network science concepts applied to power systems and electricity markets, offering an appropriate blend of theoretical background and practical applications for operation and power system planning. It discusses an approach to understanding power systems from a network science perspective using the direct recognition of the interconnectivity provided by the transmission system. Further, it explores the network properties in detail and characterizes them as a tool for online and offline applications for power system operation. The book includes an in-depth explanation of electricity markets problems that can be addressed from a graph theory perspective. It is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of electric energy systems, operations research, management science and economics. Practitioners in the electric energy sector also benefit from the concepts and techniques presented here.
Graphene: The Superstrong, Superthin, and Superversatile Material That Will Revolutionize the World
by Les Johnson Joseph E. MeanyTwo scientists give an enthusiastic, layperson's overview of a new supermaterial now in development that could transform many features of daily life, from creating new conveniences to improving health and safety.What if you discovered an infinitesimally thin material capable of conducting electricity, able to suspend millions of times its own weight, and yet porous enough to filter the murkiest water? And what if this incredible substance is created from the same element that fills the common pencil? That's graphene--a flat, two-dimensional, carbon-based molecule with a single sheet measuring only one atom thick.In this layperson's introduction to this revolutionary substance, a physicist and a chemist explain how graphene was developed, discuss the problems in scaling up production for large-scale commercial use, and forecast the potentially transformative effects of incorporating graphene into everyday life. Recent research developments include adding graphene to Silly Putty to make extremely sensitive and malleable medical sensors and compressing and fusing flakes of graphene to create a three-dimensional material that's ten times stronger than steel.This widely adaptable substance promises to change the way we interact with smartphones, laptops, information storage, and even condoms. It may also enable significant improvements to air purification, water filtration technologies, and drug delivery. This entertaining and widely accessible book offers a fascinating look into one of the most exciting developments in materials science in recent decades.
Graphene: Carbon in Two Dimensions
by Mikhail I. KatsnelsonGraphene is the thinnest known material, a sheet of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal cells a single atom thick, and yet stronger than diamond. It has potentially significant applications in nanotechnology, 'beyond-silicon' electronics, solid-state realization of high-energy phenomena and as a prototype membrane which could revolutionise soft matter and 2D physics. In this book, leading graphene research theorist Mikhail Katsnelson presents the basic concepts of graphene physics. Topics covered include Berry phase, topologically protected zero modes, Klein tunneling, vacuum reconstruction near supercritical charges, and deformation-induced gauge fields. The book also introduces the theory of flexible membranes relevant to graphene physics and discusses electronic transport, optical properties, magnetism and spintronics. Standard undergraduate-level knowledge of quantum and statistical physics and solid state theory is assumed. This is an important textbook for graduate students in nanoscience and nanotechnology and an excellent introduction for physicists and materials science researchers working in related areas.
Graphene
by Mikhail I. KatsnelsonGraphene is the thinnest known material, a sheet of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal cells a single atom thick, and yet stronger than diamond. It has potentially significant applications in nanotechnology, 'beyond-silicon' electronics, solid-state realization of high-energy phenomena and as a prototype membrane which could revolutionise soft matter and 2D physics. In this book, leading graphene research theorist Mikhail Katsnelson presents the basic concepts of graphene physics. Topics covered include Berry phase, topologically protected zero modes, Klein tunneling, vacuum reconstruction near supercritical charges, and deformation-induced gauge fields. The book also introduces the theory of flexible membranes relevant to graphene physics and discusses electronic transport, optical properties, magnetism and spintronics. Standard undergraduate-level knowledge of quantum and statistical physics and solid state theory is assumed. This is an important textbook for graduate students in nanoscience and nanotechnology and an excellent introduction for physicists and materials science researchers working in related areas.
Graphene
by C. N. Rao Ajay K. SoodSince its discovery in 2004, graphene has been a great sensation due to its unique structure and unusual properties, and it has only taken6 years for a Noble Prize to be awarded for the field of graphene research. This monograph gives a well-balanced overview on all areas ofscientific interest surrounding this fascinating nanocarbon. In one handy volume it offers comprehensive coverage of the topic, includingchemical, materials science, nanoscience, physics, engineering, life science, and potential applications. Other graphene-like, inorganic layered materials are also discussed.Edited by two highly honored scientists, this is an invaluable companion for inorganic, organic, and physical chemists, materials scientists,and physicists.From the Contents:* Synthesis, Characterization, and Selected Properties of Graphene* Understanding Graphene via Raman Scattering* Physics of Quanta and Quantum Fields in Graphene* Graphene and Graphene-Oxide-Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Systems* Heterogeneous Catalysis by Metal Nanoparticles supported on Graphene* Graphenes in Supramolecular Gels and in Biological Systemsand many more
Graphene: Fabrication, Properties and Applications (Engineering Materials)
by Ramesh T. Subramaniam Ramesh Kasi Shahid Bashir Sachin Sharma Ashok KumarThis book highlights the versatility of graphene focusing on the background of graphene, its overall structure, superior properties, fabrication routes, characterization techniques, graphene composites/derivatives, and potential applications. A remarkable surge in interest for graphene and its applications has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of publications in terms of reviews and scientific articles, books and patents. Therefore, this book essentially addresses a wide range of graphene research and provides a great resource for beginners, students in sciences or engineering, researchers, professionals, and materials scientists.
Graphene: From Theory to Applications
by Tianrong ZhangThis book highlights a comprehensive introduction of graphene and graphene-based two-dimensional nanomaterials, covering topics from their atomic structures, electronic band structures, and fundamental properties to technological applications. The book provides fundamental physics knowledge covering quantum mechanics, the theory of relativity, solid-state physics, and topology geometry necessary to understand electronic band structure of graphene. Other topics including microscopy techniques and preparation methods of graphene are also presented. Adopting an easy-to-read style, the book is a valuable resource for researchers in physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineers who are interested in the field of graphene-based nanomaterials.
Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes: Ultrafast Optics and Relaxation Dynamics, 1st Edition
by Ermin Malic Andreas KnorrA first on ultrafast phenomena in carbon nanostructures like graphene, the most promising candidate for revolutionizing information technology and communicationThe book introduces the reader into the ultrafast nanoworld of graphene and carbon nanotubes, including their microscopic tracks and unique optical finger prints. The author reviews the recent progress in this field by combining theoretical and experimental achievements. He offers a clear theoretical foundation by presenting transparently derived equations. Recent experimental breakthroughs are reviewed. By combining both theory and experiment as well as main results and detailed theoretical derivations, the book turns into an inevitable source for a wider audience from graduate students to researchers in physics, materials science, and electrical engineering who work on optoelectronic devices, renewable energies, or in the semiconductor industry.
Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes for Advanced Lithium Ion Batteries
by Stelbin Peter Figerez Raghavan PrasanthThis title covers the fundamentals of carbon nanomaterials in a logical and clear manner to make concepts accessible to researchers from different disciplines. It summarizes in a comprehensive manner recent technological and scientific accomplishments in the area of carbon nanomaterials and their application in lithium ion batteries The book also addresses all the components anodes, cathodes and electrolytes of lithium ion battery and discusses the technology of lithium ion batteries that can safely operate at high temperature.
Graphene and its Derivatives: Water/Wastewater Treatment and Other Environmental Applications (Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials)
by Kaustubha Mohanty S. Saran B. E. Kumara Swamy S. C. SharmaThis book describes the essential characteristics of graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and its nanocomposite and their applications in water and wastewater treatment and other environmental issues. The book introduces each topic in detail, discusses the basic principles, and analyzes and summarizes recent developments in the field. Various topics covered in this book include role of graphene as a potential material in photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation, water splitting applications, capacitive de-ionization techniques, air purification, gas adsorption, and decontamination of pathogenic microorganisms. Given the contents, the book is useful for students, researchers, and professionals working in the area environmental science and materials, especially graphene oxide, graphene, and graphene nanocomposite.
Graphene-based Composites for Electrochemical Energy Storage
by Jilei LiuThis thesis focuses on the synthesis and characterization of various carbon allotropes (e. g. , graphene oxide/graphene, graphene foam (GF), GF/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrids) and their composites for electrochemical energy storage applications. The coverage ranges from materials synthesis to electrochemical analysis, to state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage devices, and demonstrates how electrochemical characterization techniques can be integrated and applied in the active materials selection and nanostructure design process. Readers will also discover the latest findings on graphene-based electrochemical energy storage devices including asymmetric supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries and flexible Ni/Fe batteries. Given the unique experimental procedures and methods, the systematic electrochemical analysis, and the creative flexible energy storage device design presented, the thesis offers a valuable reference guide for researchers and newcomers to the field of carbon-based electrochemical energy storage.
Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: Application in Food, Agriculture and Healthcare
by Yugal Kishore Mohanta Kunal Biswas Saurov Mahanta Saravanan MuthupandianThe book presents a comprehensive overview of the historical, current, and prospective application realms of nanobiotechnological research pertaining to graphene, a carbon-based nanomaterial, and its diverse forms in the fields of food and agriculture, as well as health sciences and technology. Young nanotechnologists and businesses will have access to nanobioanalytical methods. Given the present circumstances, it is crucial to underscore the potential ramifications that diverse forms of graphene nanomaterials could have on the food sector, agricultural methodologies, and healthcare. This book presents an analysis of the potential advantages of graphene-based nanomaterials over traditional materials in the food, agriculture, and health care sectors. This book employs case studies, academic and theoretical literature, technology transfer, innovation, economics, and policy management to underscore the intricate issues associated with graphene nanomaterials. The pioneering text Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: Application in Food, Agriculture, and Healthcare has the potential to serve as a valuable resource for interdisciplinary researchers, academics, practitioners, policymakers, and professionals operating within the fields of science, technology, engineering, innovation, management, and economics. Features · Discusses the different aspects of graphene as a two-dimensional material and its underlying unique physicochemical properties, synthesis methods, and protocols. · Considers the implications of graphene in the food sciences and its different spoilage detection mechanisms have been encompassed in the book. · Explores graphene nanomaterials' medical and biomedical uses. With examples, the unique and tailor-made material's uses and prospects in health sciences, pharmaceutics, and biomedical research are highlighted. · Elaborates on graphene's applications in agriculture and briefs the potential of biocompatible planar conductive nanoscale materials to boost agri-product production, crop development, and crop-infection surveillance.
Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites: Models and Applications (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Andriy Nadtochiy Alla M. Gorb Borys M. Gorelov Oleksiy Polovina Oleg KorotchenkovThis book highlights the properties of nanocomposite material, especially with inputs from the interphase effects, which are crucial for their diverse applications. It comprises chapters on graphene as a revolutionary material with exceptional electronic, optical, mechanical and thermal properties, and extraordinary properties of graphene based polymer composite materials, especially emphasizing on important role of the filler/matrix interphase areas. The applications of these composite nanomaterials are briefly discussed throughout the book. In particular, there is currently an outburst in studying polymer-based nanocomposites for various functional applications such as energy storage, thermoelectrics, stretchable electronics, electromagnetic shielding, super-capacitors and lithium-ion batteries. Emphasis is also given to the impact of the nanocomposites on advanced healthcare materials, drug delivery and biomedical applications.
Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites in Electronics
by Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni Deepalekshmi Ponnamma Jaehwan Kim Sabu ThomasThis book covers graphene reinforced polymers, which are useful in electronic applications, including electrically conductive thermoplastics composites, thermosets and elastomers. It systematically introduces the reader to fundamental aspects and leads over to actual applications, such as sensor fabrication, electromagnetic interference shielding, optoelectronics, superconductivity, or memory chips. The book also describes dielectric and thermal behaviour of graphene polymer composites - properties which are essential to consider for the fabrication and production of these new electronic materials. The contributions in this book critically discuss the actual questions in the development and applications of graphene polymer composites. It will thus appeal to chemists, physicists, materials scientists as well as nano technologists, who are interested in the properties of graphene polymer composites.
Graphene-Bearing Polymer Composites: Applications to Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Flame-Retardant Materials (Springer Series in Materials Science #340)
by Suprakas Sinha Ray Lesego Tabea Temane Jonathan Tersur OrasughThis book explores recent developments in electrically conducting graphene-containing polymer composites for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and flame-retardant applications. It emphasizes the exceptional performance of graphene and graphene-based materials in these composites. The comprehensive overview covers the fundamental principles of EMI shielding, flame retardancy, and polymer composite processing, addressing critical aspects related to the development of advanced graphene-containing materials. The book aims to fill the gap in reviews that specifically focus on EMI shielding and flame retardancy fundamentals, processing techniques, and application-specific developments.An important aspect discussed is the customization of electrical properties through blend morphology modification and selective localization of graphene-based nanofillers. This aspect has not been adequately covered in previous articles or books. By addressing this research gap,the book becomes an essential resource for researchers seeking a deeper understanding of molecular aspects and result interpretation. With a focus on processing advanced functional composite materials for EMI shielding and flame retardancy, the book promotes a molecular understanding of the subject matter. It is expected to pave the way for future advancements in advanced polymer composites. Researchers and scholars will find this book invaluable as it provides a holistic overview of fundamental concepts and insights into ongoing research intricacies.
Graphene-Carbon Nanotube Hybrids for Energy and Environmental Applications
by Wei Fan Longsheng Zhang Tianxi LiuThis book describes various carbon nanomaterials and their unique properties, and offers a detailed introduction to graphene-carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrids. It demonstrates strategies for the hybridization of CNTs with graphene, which fully utilize the synergistic effect between graphene and CNTs. It also presents a wide range of applications of graphene-CNT hybrids as novel materials for energy storage and environmental remediation. Further, it discusses the preparation, structures and properties of graphene-CNT hybrids, providing interesting examples of three types of graphene-CNT hybrids with different nanostructures. This book is of interest to a wide readership in various fields of materials science and engineering.
Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors
by Shiyu Wang Zakir Hossain Yan Zhao Tao HanIn this monograph, the graphene-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors are shown to be an emerging sensing platform. Divided into two parts the first set of chapters are devoted to basic knowledge of graphene, graphene FET and its biosensing. In the second part of this book the applications of graphene FET biosensors combined with various biotechnologies are presented. As well as discussing the existing technologies the authors also introduce their own ideas and concepts. Finally the remaining problems in graphene FET biosensors are discussed, along with proposed solutions and prospects for future applications. This monograph allows readers to grasp the basic knowledge and future direction of graphene-based FET biosensors.
Graphene Field-Effect Transistors: Advanced Bioelectronic Devices for Sensing Applications
by Omar Azzaroni Wolfgang KnollGraphene Field-Effect Transistors In-depth resource on making and using graphene field effect transistors for point-of-care diagnostic devices Graphene Field-Effect Transistors focuses on the design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of graphene field effect transistors, summarizing the state-of-the-art in the field and putting forward new ideas regarding future research directions and potential applications. After a review of the unique electronic properties of graphene and the production of graphene and graphene oxide, the main part of the book is devoted to the fabrication of graphene field effect transistors and their sensing applications. Graphene Field-Effect Transistors includes information on: Electronic properties of graphene, production of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, and graphene functionalization Fundamentals and fabrication of graphene field effect transistors, and nanomaterial/graphene nanostructure-based field-effect transistors Graphene field-effect transistors integrated with microfluidic platforms and flexible graphene field-effect transistors Graphene field-effect transistors for diagnostics applications, and DNA biosensors and immunosensors based on graphene field-effect transistors Graphene field-effect transistors for targeting cancer molecules, brain activity recording, bacterial detection, and detection of smell and taste Providing both fundamentals of the technology and an in-depth overview of using graphene field effect transistors for fabricating bioelectronic devices that can be applied for point-of-care diagnostics, Graphene Field-Effect Transistors is an essential reference for materials scientists, engineering scientists, laboratory medics, and biotechnologists.