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Alternative Arrangements for Marine Fisheries: An Overview (Routledge Revivals)
by Francis T. Christy, Jr.The maintenance of the freedom of fishing in the face of the changing circumstances that were occurring at the time of this title’s original publication in 1973 had produced several damaging consequences. It had led to considerable waste, in both biological and economic terms, and had been the source of increasing conflict. This waste can only be prevented by the adoption of management measures and by the removal of the condition of free and open access. This book explores various techniques for this, and will be of interest to students of environmental management.
Alternative Development: Unravelling Marginalization, Voicing Change
by Cathrine Brun Piers BlaikieThis book brings together a collection of essays that discuss alternative development and its relevance for local/global processes of marginalization and change in the Global South. Alternative development questions who the producers of development knowledges and practices are, and aims at decentring development and geographical knowledge from the Anglo-American centre and the Global North. It involves resistance to dominant political-economic processes in order to further the possibilities for non-exploitative and just forms of development. By discussing how to unravel marginalization and voice change through alternative methods, actors and concepts, the book provides useful guidance on understanding the relationship between theory and practice. The main strength of the book is that it calls for a central role for alternative development in the current development discourse, most notably related to justice, rights, globalization, forced migration, conflict and climate change. The book provides new ways of engaging with alternative development thinking and making development alternatives relevant.
Alternative Ecological Risk Assessment: An Innovative Approach to Understanding Ecological Assessments for Contaminated Sites
by Lawrence V. TannenbaumIn Alternative Ecological Risk Assessment the author, Lawrence V. Tannenbaum, provides a critical review of current practices in the ecological risk assessment field and proposes alternatives that are supported by established science and keen observation. It is hoped that this approach will pave the way to a greater understanding of what appropriate and useful ecological assessment for contaminated sites should entail. He demonstrates that in most cases current practices do not provide for an assessment of ecological risk, and moreover, that endeavoring to assess ecological risk is actually an unnecessary undertaking at conventional hazardous waste sites. (He states, for example, that the concept of scale is often ignored by practitioners, questions why animals like deer are routinely assessed at 5-acre sites, and challenges the ecotoxicology data currently used.) The book is aimed at students and professionals in the fields of environmental science, ecology, ecotoxicology, and health risk assessment.
Alternative Energies: Updates on Progress (Advanced Structured Materials #34)
by Germán FerreiraThis book presents nine chapters based on fundamental and applied research of alternative energies. At the present time, the challenge is that technology has to come up with solutions that can provide environmentally friendly energy supply options that are able to cover the current world energy demand. Experts around the world are working on these issues for providing new solutions that will break the existing technological barriers. This book aims to address key pillars in the alternative energy field, such as: biomass energy, hydrogen energy, solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power, geothermal energy and their environmental implications, with the most updated progress for each pillar. It also includes the life cycle assessment (LCA) and thermoeconomic analysis (TA) as tools for evaluating and optimising environmental and cost subjects. Chapters are organized into fundamental research, applied research and future trends; and written for engineers, academic researches and scientists.
Alternative Energietechnik
by Jochem Unger Antonio Hurtado Rafet IslerDieses Lehrbuch vermittelt die technischen Grundlagen sowie wichtige Auslegungs- und Sicherheitskriterien für konventionelle, nukleare und regenerative Energiesysteme. Es zeigt die Auswirkungen des menschlichen Wirtschaftens, erklärt wie diese zu beurteilen und zu berücksichtigen sind. Es zeigt die möglichen Auswege auf, auch wenn umweltrelevante Entscheidungskriterien prinzipiell nicht quantifizierbar sind. Zusätzlich werden auch gesellschaftspolitische Aspekte angesprochen, die zu einem humanen volkswirtschaftlichen Prozess hinführen, der das ökologische Minimalprinzip gerade vollständig ausschöpft. Die anschauliche Darstellung der Sachverhalte mithilfe einfachster mathematischer Modelle setzt nur elementare Kenntnisse der Mathematik und der jeweils relevanten Fachdisziplinen voraus. Für Vertiefung und Übung sind zahlreiche Aufgaben mit den jeweiligen Lösungswegen beigefügt.
Alternative Energy For Dummies
by Rik DeguntherGet the truth about alternative energy and make it part of your life Want to utilize cleaner, greener types of energy? This plain-English guide clearly explains the popular forms of alternative energy that you can use in your home, your car, and more. Separating myth from fact, this resource explores the current fossil fuel conundrum, the benefits of alternatives, and the energy of the future, such as hydrogen and fuel cell technology. The ABCs of alternative energy - what it is, how it works, and what the real costs are Where we are now - learn where our current energy comes from and how much longer it will last Take the first step - see how energy efficiency and conservation can reduce your reliance on fossil fuels Grasp the alternatives - from nuclear power to geothermal energy to wood burning, understand the benefits that alternative energy can have on the nation Apply alternative fuels to transportation - from biofuels to exotic propulsion to electricity, see how they are best used and how hybrid, all-electric, and fuel cell-powered vehicles work Get a peek into the future - see what the outlook holds for each form of alternative energy discussed Open the book and find: The pros and cons of alternative energy A review of the current world energy economy The problems with fossil fuels, from smog to global warming Advantages of alternative energy Practical results of alternatives you can use in daily life Guidelines for investing in alternative energy vehicles Ten ways you can bring about change right now Insight into the future of energy production - and how you can invest in it
Alternative Energy Resources: The Way to a Sustainable Modern Society (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #99)
by Pankaj Pathak Rajiv Ranjan SrivastavaThis book reviews alternative and renewable energy resources in order to pave the way for a more sustainable production in the future. A multi-disciplinary team of authors provides a comprehensive overview of current technologies and future trends, including solar technologies, wind energy, hydropower, microbial electrochemical systems and various biomass sources for biofuel production. In addition, the book focuses on solutions for developing countries. Conventional energy sources are finite, and estimates suggest that they will be exhausted within a few decades. Finding a solution to this problem is a global challenge, and developing countries in particular are still highly dependent on fossil fuels due to their rapidly growing populations accompanied by a huge growth in primary energy consumption. Moreover, the most common conventional energy sources (coal and petroleum) are non-sustainable since their combustion exponentially increases greenhouse gas emissions. As such, there is a pressing need for clean energy based on alternative or renewable resources, not only to ensure energy supplies at an affordable price but also to protect the environment.
Alternative Energy Resources in the MENA Region (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #131)
by Abdelazim Negm Abdellah Henni Djamal ZerroukiThis book outlines the development of renewable energies in the Middle East and North Africa, it offers up-to-date information about their variability, availability and utilization, and serves as a guide for understanding the MENA renewable energy potential. Readers will find an authoritative discussion about the implementation of renewable energies, trends and forecast of solar, wind and geothermal systems applications in this region. Case studies from China, Mexico and Vietnam are also included in this book to foster the implementation of renewable energies in the MENA region. The MENA region is known for its immense oil, petroleum and gas reserve, being one of the most important regions in the world for fossil energy accessibility and, hence, for the global economic stability. This region holds at the same time the world’s greatest potential for renewable energy and over the past few years it has been receiving national and international political support for promoting the future of solar and wind power energies. However, can the region go green taking into account the availability of the natural resources? Expert contributors from countries such as United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Algeria, Turkey, and Morocco provide their perspective on this challenge and offer a comprehensive overview of the latest pilot projects for renewable energy in the region. This book will appeal to researchers, students, engineers and policymakers interested in the potential of alternative energy resources in the MENA region.
Alternative Energy Sources (Green Energy and Technology)
by Efstathios E MichaelidesAlternative Energy Sources is designed to give the reader, a clear view of the role each form of alternative energy may play in supplying the energy needs of the human society in the near future (20-50 years). The two first chapters on "energy demand and supply" and "environmental effects," set the tone as to why alternative energy is essential for the future. The third chapter gives the laws of energy conversion processes, as well as the limitations of converting one energy form to another. The section on exergy gives a quantitative background on the capability/potential of each energy source to produce power. The fourth, fifth and sixth chapters are expositions of fission and fusion nuclear energy, the power plants that may produce power from these sources and the issues that will frame the public debate on nuclear energy. The following five chapters include descriptions of the most common renewable energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, hydroelectric) some of the less common sources (e.g. tidal and wave energy). The emphasis of these chapters will be on the global potential of each source, the engineering/technical systems that are used in harnessing the potential of each source, the technological developments that will contribute to wider utilization of the sources and environmental effects associated with their wider use. The last three chapters are: "energy storage," which will become an important issue if renewable energy sources are used widely. The fourteen chapters in the book have been chosen so that one may fit a semester University course around this book. At the end of every chapter, there are 10-20 problems and 1-3 suggestions of semester projects that may be assigned to students for further research.
Alternative Energy Technologies: An Introduction with Computer Simulations (Nano and Energy #5)
by Gavin BuxtonAlternative energy sources are becoming increasingly important in a world striving for energy independence, clean air, and a reprieve from global warming. Solar cells, wind power, and biofuels are some of the competing alternative energy sources hoping to gain a foothold in our future energy mix, and the economic advantages of these technologies are continually increasing as costs are reduced and efficiencies increased. Alternative Energy Technologies: An Introduction with Computer Simulations explores the science and engineering behind a number of emerging alternative energy technologies, including polymer solar cells, algae biofuels, and artificial leaves. It also addresses the environmental need for these technologies. However, unlike its predecessors, this book employs simple computer models implemented within spreadsheet environments to simulate different aspects of the alternative energy technologies and therefore teach the subject matter. This unique approach: Provides a dual introduction to alternative energy technologies and computer simulation Elucidates the fundamental behaviors and complex interactions within the alternative energy systems Makes computer simulation straightforward and accessible to readers with no prior programming experience Featuring investigative exercises that deepen understanding and inspire further research, Alternative Energy Technologies: An Introduction with Computer Simulations makes an ideal introductory textbook for undergraduate students and a valuable professional reference for experimental researchers.
Alternative Farming Systems, Biotechnology, Drought Stress and Ecological Fertilisation (Sustainable Agriculture Reviews #6)
by Eric LichtfouseSustainable agriculture is a rapidly growing field aiming at producing food and energy in a sustainable way for our children. This discipline addresses current issues such as climate change, increasing food and fuel prices, starvation, obesity, water pollution, soil erosion, fertility loss, pest control and biodiversity depletion. Novel solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from agronomy, soil science, molecular biology, chemistry, toxicology, ecology, economy, philosophy and social sciences. As actual society issues are now intertwined, sustainable agriculture will bring solutions to build a safer world. This book series analyzes current agricultural issues, and proposes alternative solutions, consequently helping all scientists, decision-makers, professors, farmers and politicians wishing to build safe agriculture, energy and food systems for future generations.
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Combustion Techniques as Sustainable Solutions for Internal Combustion Engines (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Akhilendra Pratap Singh Dhananjay Kumar Avinash Kumar AgarwalThis monograph covers different aspects related to utilization of alternative fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines with a focus on biodiesel, dimethyl ether, alcohols, biogas, etc. The focal point of this book is to present engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics of IC engines fueled by these alternative fuels. A section of this book also covers the potential strategies of utilization of these alternative fuels in an energy efficient manner to reduce the harmful pollutants emitted from IC engines. It presents the comparative analysis of different alternative fuels in a variety of engines to show the appropriate alternative fuel for specific types of engines. This book will prove useful for both researchers as well as energy experts and policy makers.
Alternative Fuels and Their Utilization Strategies in Internal Combustion Engines (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Akhilendra Pratap Singh Yogesh C. Sharma Nirendra N. Mustafi Avinash Kumar AgarwalThis book covers alternative fuels and their utilization strategies in internal combustion engines. The main objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the production and utilization aspects of different types of liquid and gaseous alternative fuels. In the last few years, methanol and DME have gained significant attention of the energy sector, because of their capability to be utilized in different types of engines. This book will be a valuable resource for researchers and practicing engineers alike.
Alternative Fuels for Transportation
by Arumugam S. RamadhasExploring how to counteract the world's energy insecurity and environmental pollution, this volume covers the production methods, properties, storage, engine tests, system modification, transportation and distribution, economics, safety aspects, applications, and material compatibility of alternative fuels. The esteemed editor highlights the importance of moving toward alternative fuels and the problems and environmental impact of depending on petroleum products. Each self-contained chapter focuses on a particular fuel source, including vegetable oils, biodiesel, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, hydrogen, electric, fuel cells, and fuel from nonfood crops.
Alternative Fuels in Ship Power Plants: Application of Alternative Fuels
by Xinglin Yang Zongming Yang Huabing Wen Viktor Gorbov Vira Mitienkova Serhiy SerbinThis book describes the feasibility and status of the use of alternative fuels in marine engineering, as well as the application of liquefied natural gas, biodiesel and their blends as marine fuels, and the combustion of synthetic coal-based fuels.Each chapter in the book ends with a summary, which gives the reader a quick and clear understanding of the main contents of the chapter. The book gives a lot of advice on the selection of equipment and parameters, fuel reserves and preparation for scholars related to alternative fuels in ships, and points them in the way. It contains lots of illustrations and tables and explains it in the form of chart comparison. The authors have developed mathematical models and methods for calculating the parameters of fuel systems for biodiesel fuels and liquefied natural gas. Recommendations for choosing the rational parameters of these systems are given, as are schematic solutions of the fuel systems, recommendations for selecting equipment, storing, and preparing the fuels. Application of the materials described in the book provides the SPP designers with a reliable tool for choosing rational characteristics of the fuel systems operating on alternative fuels and improving the efficiency of their application on ships.
Alternative Fusion Fuels and Systems
by Sergei V. Ryzhkov Alexei Yu. ChirkovExplores the systems of magnetic confinement of high-temperature plasma with closed and open magnetic field lines which relate to alternative compact devices of controlled thermonuclear fusion. Energy balance schemes of thermonuclear plasmas and main reactor characteristics are presented as the authors compare conceptual projects based on classical tokamak and stellarator, spherical tokamak and compact torus. They explore the questions and problems of new promising nuclear and thermonuclear power plants that source thermonuclear neutrons on a mixture of deuterium and tritium, and a low-radioactive reactor on a mixture of deuterium and helium-3.
Alternative Learning Environments (Routledge Revivals)
by Gary J. CoatesOriginally published in 1974, this volume presents viable alternatives to traditional attitudes and practices in environmental design and education. It contains 29 selections that reflect the thought and actions of leaders from many diverse disciplines and professions. Architects, landscape architects, urban planners, teachers and administrators, psychologists and social theorists address themselves to controversial and important issues facing our post-industrial society. The range of subjects explored in the volume is far-reaching: • Environmental education in which the art of planning and designing itself becomes the curriculum • Advocacy planning and community participation in bo9th educational and design decision making • Alternative educational institutions, ranging from community-centered schools and mobile schools to non-school learning networks that distribute the learning activity throughout the fabric of the city and the lifetime of the learner. • New developments in systematic design methods and evaluation research that promise to make the design process more public and responsive to the user-client.
Alternative Liquid Dielectrics for High Voltage Transformer Insulation Systems: Performance Analysis and Applications (IEEE Press Series on Power and Energy Systems)
by U. Mohan Rao I. Fofana R. SarathiA comprehensive reference and guide on the usage of the alternative dielectric fluids for transformer insulation systems Liquid-filled transformers are one of the most important and expensive components involved in the transmission and distribution of power to industrial and domestic loads. Although petroleum-based insulating oils have been used in transformers for decades, recent environmental concerns, health and safety considerations, and various technical factors have increased the need for new alternative and biodegradable liquids. Alternative Liquid Dielectrics for High Voltage Transformer Insulation Systems is an up-to-date reference and guide on natural and synthetic ester-based biodegradable insulating liquids. Covering the operational behavior, performance analysis, and maintenance of transformers filled with biodegradable insulating liquids, this comprehensive resource helps researchers and utility engineers expand their knowledge of the benefits, challenges, and application of ester-filled transformers. In-depth chapters written by experienced researchers addresses critical topics including transformer condition monitoring, high voltage insulation testing, biodegradable insulating material processing and evaluation, and more. A unique and significant contribution to existing literature on the subject, this authoritative volume: • Covers condition monitoring, diagnostic testing, applications, maintenance, and in-service experiences • Explores current challenges and future prospects of ester-filled transformers • Discusses significant research progress and identifies the topics in need of further emphasis • Compares the differences and similarities between mineral oils and ester liquids • Includes in-depth behavioral observations and performance analysis of ester-based insulating liquids Alternative Liquid Dielectrics for High Voltage Transformer Insulation Systems: Performance Analysis and Applications is a must-have reference for utility engineers, electrical power utilities, transformer owners, manufacturers, and researchers.
Alternative Medicine Interventions for COVID-19
by Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq May Nasser Bin-Jumah Sarah I. Alothman Hanan A. HenidiThis research volume examines the available alternative, complementary, pharmaceutical and vaccine methods for treating, mitigating, or preventing COVID-19. Coverage includes traditional Chinese medicine, herbal remedies, nutraceutical/dietary options, and drug/vaccine therapies. All the methods discussed will be critically examined to provide readers with a full, unbiased overview that includes pros/cons of each method. While the nature of COVID-19 is still being studied, and new research and theories are being published daily, this book endeavors to provide readers with a comprehensive summary of current research on alternative and mainstream treatment and prevention methods.
Alternative Medicines for Diabetes Management: Advances in Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Chemistry (Medicinal Plants and Natural Products for Human Health)
by Varma H. Rambaran Nalini K. SinghApart from diet and exercise, the strategic use of different classes of prescribed or non-prescribed xenobiotic compounds for the restoration of euglycemic levels in the body is well known. The ongoing rivalry between the recommended usage of allopathic medicines versus ayurvedic remedies has encouraged many researchers to focus their studies on thoroughly isolating and characterizing the extracts from different parts of plants and then evaluating their relative activities via in vitro, in vivo and in some cases clinical studies. Alternative Medicines for Diabetes Management: Advances in Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Chemistry provides a holistic view of all oral therapies for diabetes mellitus that are available to the public by removing the silos and stigmas that are associated with both allopathic and ayurvedic medicines. Additional Features Include: Highlights the potential role of dietary and medicinal plant materials in the prevention, treatment, and control of diabetes and its complications. Educates readers on the benefits and shortcomings of the various present and potential oral therapies for diabetes mellitus. Allows quick identification and retrieval of material by researchers learning the efficacy, associated dosage and toxicity of each of the classes of compounds. Presents the history, nomenclature, mechanisms of action and shortcomings for each of the various sub-classes of allopathic therapeutants for diabetes mellitus and then introduces ayurvedic medicines. Section C discusses various metallopharmaceuticals and provides a holistic view of all available and potential therapies for the disease.
Alternative Pathways in Science and Industry: Activism, Innovation, and the Environment in an Era of Globalization
by David J. HessHess examines how social movements and other forms of activism affect innovation in science, technology, and industry. Hess explores the interaction of grassroots environmental action and mainstream industry and offers a conceptual framework for understanding it.
Alternative pre-mRNA Splicing: Theory and Protocols
by Stefan Stamm Chris Smith Reinhard LührmannThis book was written for graduate and medical students, as well as clinicians and postdoctoral researchers. It describes the theory of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in twelve introductory chapters and then introduces protocols and their theoretical background relevant for experimental research. These 43 practical chapters cover: Basic methods, Detection of splicing events, Analysis of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in vitro and in vivo, Manipulation of splicing events, and Bioinformatic analysis of alternative splicing. A theoretical introduction and practical guide for molecular biologists, geneticists,clinicians and every researcher interested in alternative splicing. Website: www.wiley-vch.de/home/splicing
Alternative Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets
by Chhorn Lim Carl D. Webster Cheng-Sheng LeeA unique resource that describes the ingredients included in an aquaculture diet, species profiles, processing methods, impacts to environment and industry, and more. Aquaculture is and will remain a major food producing sector in the future. To become more efficient and successful in the aquaculture industry, operations need to provide good nutrition. Alternative Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets is a unique source describing the ingredients included in fish and crustacean diets, their nutrient compositions, species profiles, suitability for species, processing methods, and impacts of alternative ingredients on the environment and to the aquaculture industry. World-renowned nutritionists and feed technologists explore practical ways for the aquaculture industry to expand and remain competitive, and discuss ways to develop less expensive alternative sources or protein. Diet costs take up a huge chunk of operating expenditures, with fish meal being one of the most expensive ingredients in the aquaculture diet. Alternative Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets provides detailed knowledge on the use of alternative plant and animal protein sources, offering opportunities to either partially or completely replace fish meal. This comprehensive, up-to-date text discusses the most widely used ingredients as well as various previously under-utilized ingredients which could be of significant potential in the future. The book is extensively referenced and includes numerous helpful tables to clearly present data. Topics discussed in Alternative Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets (for finfish and crustacean species) include: • farmed fish diet requirements • reduction of waste through diet formulation • poultry by-product meal • meat packing by-products • soybean protein foodstuffs • cottonseed meal • lupins • unconventional plant protein supplements.
Alternative Respiratory Pathways in Higher Plants
by Luis A. Mur Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta Bhagyalakshmi NeelwarneRapid developments in molecular and systems biology techniques have allowed researchers to unravel many new mechanisms through which plant cells switch over to alternative respiratory pathways.This book is a unique compendium of how and why higher plants evolved alternative respiratory metabolism. It offers a comprehensive review of current research in the biochemistry, physiology, classification and regulation of plant alternative respiratory pathways, from alternative oxidase diversity to functional marker development. The resource provides a broad range of perspectives on the applications of plant respiratory physiology, and suggests brand new areas of research.Other key features: written by an international team of reputed plant physiologists, known for their pioneering contributions to the knowledge of regular and alternative respiratory metabolism in higher plants includes step-by-step protocols for key molecular and imaging techniques advises on regulatory options for managing crop yields, food quality and environment for crop improvement and enhanced food security covers special pathways which are of key relevance in agriculture, particularly in plant post-harvest commodities Primarily for plant physiologists and plant biologists, this authoritative compendium will also be of great value topostdoctoral researchers working on plant respiration, as well as to graduate and postgraduate students and university staff in Plant Science. It is a useful resource for corporate and private firms involved in developing functional markers for breeding programs and controlling respiration for the prevention of post-harvest losses in fruit, vegetables, cut flowers and tubers.
Alternative Routes to Oil Structuring (SpringerBriefs in Food, Health, and Nutrition)
by Ashok R. PatelThis Springer Brief gives an overview of recent research conducted in the area of oil structuring starting with a detailed introduction on oleogelation and properties of food-approved building blocks followed by the discussion of some illustrative examples to explain the processing steps required for creating oleogels, advanced characterization (rheological, thermal and microstructural) and some potential edible applications of oleogels. The book w concludes with a section summarizing the general guidelines on the properties of oleogels and practically of approach with regards to the specific category of building blocks used for structuring. The text also lists some unresolved challenges that need to be addressed in order to fully exploit oleogelation for future food product development. The functional application of liquid oils in food product development is mostly accomplished by structuring them into soft, plastic-like materials. This structuring of oil is traditionally based on the fat crystal network formed by high melting triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules that are rich in trans and/or saturated fatty acids. Currently, due to the factors such as the requirement for trans- and saturated fat-free food products, sustainable manufacturing and ethical trade practices, the research in the area of identifying alternative routes to oil structuring (in the absence of trans and saturated fats) has been regarded as a 'hot topic' in the bio-scientific community. Oleogelation (gelling of liquid oil in absence of crystallizable TAGs) is one such alternative, which has recently attracted tremendous attention from researchers and industrial scientists working in the domain of food product development. The possibility of creating structured gels that contain a large amount of liquid oil (usually above 90 wt%) opens up many possibilities to develop food products with better nutritional profiles.