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Alternative Routes to Oil Structuring (SpringerBriefs in Food, Health, and Nutrition)
by Ashok R. PatelThis Springer Brief gives an overview of recent research conducted in the area of oil structuring starting with a detailed introduction on oleogelation and properties of food-approved building blocks followed by the discussion of some illustrative examples to explain the processing steps required for creating oleogels, advanced characterization (rheological, thermal and microstructural) and some potential edible applications of oleogels. The book w concludes with a section summarizing the general guidelines on the properties of oleogels and practically of approach with regards to the specific category of building blocks used for structuring. The text also lists some unresolved challenges that need to be addressed in order to fully exploit oleogelation for future food product development. The functional application of liquid oils in food product development is mostly accomplished by structuring them into soft, plastic-like materials. This structuring of oil is traditionally based on the fat crystal network formed by high melting triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules that are rich in trans and/or saturated fatty acids. Currently, due to the factors such as the requirement for trans- and saturated fat-free food products, sustainable manufacturing and ethical trade practices, the research in the area of identifying alternative routes to oil structuring (in the absence of trans and saturated fats) has been regarded as a 'hot topic' in the bio-scientific community. Oleogelation (gelling of liquid oil in absence of crystallizable TAGs) is one such alternative, which has recently attracted tremendous attention from researchers and industrial scientists working in the domain of food product development. The possibility of creating structured gels that contain a large amount of liquid oil (usually above 90 wt%) opens up many possibilities to develop food products with better nutritional profiles.
Alternative Solvents for Natural Products Extraction (Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology)
by Farid Chemat Maryline Abert VianThis book presents a complete picture of the current state-of-the-art in alternative and green solvents used for laboratory and industrial natural product extraction in terms of the latest innovations, original methods and safe products. It provides the necessary theoretical background and details on extraction, techniques, mechanisms, protocols, industrial applications, safety precautions and environmental impacts. This book is aimed at professionals from industry, academicians engaged in extraction engineering or natural product chemistry research, and graduate level students. The individual chapters complement one another, were written by respected international researchers and recognized professionals from the industry, and address the latest efforts in the field. It is also the first sourcebook to focus on the rapid developments in this field.
Alternative Splicing: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2537)
by Peter Scheiffele Oriane MaugerThis detailed volume collects commonly used and cutting-edge methods to analyze alternative splicing, a key step in gene regulation. After an introduction of the alternative splicing mechanism and its targeting for therapeutic strategies, the book continues with techniques for analyzing alternative splicing profiles in complex biological systems, visualizing and localizing alternative spliced transcripts with cellular and sub-cellular resolution, probing regulators of alternative splicing, as well as assessing the functional consequences of alternative splicing. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introduction to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Alternative Splicing: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for both RNA aficionados that want to implement novel approaches in their labs and novices undertaking alternative splicing projects.
Alternative Splicing and Cancer
by Muzafar A. Macha Ajaz A. Bhat Surinder Kumar BatraThis book Alternative Splicing and Cancer explores the crucial role alternative splicing, a post-transcriptional process, plays in human health and diseases, particularly cancer. Diving deep into the complexities of gene expression and protein diversity, the book illuminates how abnormal splicing contributes to aggressive tumor formation, affecting cellular functions such as proliferation, survival, and immune evasion. With a focus on understanding molecular mechanisms, this book unravels potential diagnostic and prognostic targets, opening doors for enhanced anti-cancer treatment efficacy. An indispensable resource for anyone intrigued by the interplay between gene splicing and cancer biology, it paves the way towards innovative therapeutic strategies.
Alternative Sweet and Supersweet Principles: Natural Sweeteners and Plants
by Ram Snehi DwivediThis book compiles the latest information on different kinds of natural, plant-based super sweeteners. A book on alternative, natural super sweeteners is extremely timely and useful, especially, in light of the decreasing cultivable area, ever increasing demand for sucrose, and the well identified ills of sugar consumption. Every year more than 5.0 million people die due to diabetes and diabetes-associated diseases like cardiovascular, kidney disorder, liver cancer etc. This book describes the use of non-saccharide super sweet principles to counter such maladies. The readers will get an in-depth understanding of different kinds of sweeteners, molecular basis of sweetness, their general classification, plant source with photo-plates etc. The chapters explain different kinds of super-sweet principles. This book emphasizes on the propagation, cultivation and conservation of NSSS plants (NSSSP) and extraction of super sweet principles and granting of generally recognised as safe (GRAS) certificate to sweeteners. The concluding chapter describes the eco-physiological difference between saccharide super sweet and non saccharide sweet plants. The book also describes commercial production of selected potential Natural Super Sweeteners. This book will be of great interest to researchers, extension workers as well as postgraduate students in Food science nutrition, ayurveda, plant physiology, Unani, naturopathy, biochemistry and plant breeding. It would also be of interest to industry stakeholders in sweetener industry and alternative sweetener manufactures.
Alternative Toxicological Methods
by Harry Salem Sidney A. KatzBringing together the recent and relevant contributions of over 125 scientists from industry, government, and academia in North America and Western Europe, Alternative Toxicological Methods explores the development and validation of replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives (the 3Rs) to animal testing. Internationally recognized scientist
Alternative Water Sources for Producing Potable Water: Advances in Research & Technology (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #124)
by Tamim Younos Juneseok Lee Tammy E. PareceDuring the third decade of the 21st century, communities across the world are being challenged with water scarcity both in rural and urban areas. Another significant problem is the energy demand for producing potable water. Our recent book “Resilient Water Management Strategies in Urban Settings: Innovations in Decentralized Water Infrastructure Systems” (Springer; 2022) introduced various facets of decentralized water infrastructure and the significant need for a shift toward using locally available alternative water sources. The proposed volume will expand on the concept and use of alternative water sources; rainwater, stormwater, wastewater/greywater, saline waters, and atmospheric water. Use of alternative water sources for potable purposes is a critical emerging research and technology area. In our knowledge such a book does not exist at this time. This volume will be a significant resource for researchers and graduate level teaching, and serve as a roadmap for water resource engineers and planners tackling water scarcity and diverse water resources portfolios.
Alternatives in Development: Local Politics and NGOs in China and India
by Liyiyu Abhijit DasguptaThis book deals with the dynamics of local-level politics in China and India. China introduced new policies to restructure local politics in 1978. In place of communes, civil society organizations and cooperatives were introduced in villages. More changes came about with the introduction of the Organic Law of the Villagers' Committees of the People's Republic of China in 1998. The new local power structure includes state-sponsored institutions like Villagers Committees and the traditional civil society organizations (CSOs) and non-government organizations (NGOs). As in China, local politics in India undergoes considerable changes during the last few decades. Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) were reformed in 1992 with a constitutional amendment act. CSOs and NGOs were allowed to function. Against this background, the present book is undertaken with the objectives first, to present two different models of local politics and second, to compare the two, finally to focus on the two different models of development. This book will interest scholars of rural governance, rural transformation, and the role of the grassroots CSOs and NGOs in shaping development program and growth in the two large countries in Asia.
Alternatives in Regulated River Management
by James A. GoreResearchers and managers of regulated river systems will find this volume useful in acquiring information for deciding an integrated management plan for regulated river operations. Rather than the ecological theory of impacts of flow regulation, emphasis has been placed on methods to predict water quality and habitat alterations, as well as techniques to mitigate impacts from various operational scenarios. Although most chapters refer to impacts of riverine impoundments, these alternatives apply to any regulated situation in which changes in water quality or flow pattern occur. The predictive modeling techniques are explained primarily from a theoretical background. However, extensive bibliographies can guide the uninitiated to specific texts and software. Where controversial techniques have been presented, alternate methods are also described. Major topic areas include water quality problems, channel modification and management, ecological modeling and management, as well as a section on perspectives for ecological management and special problems in developing nations.
Alternatives to Animal Testing: Proceedings of Asian Congress 2016
by Hajime Kojima Troy Seidle Horst SpielmannThis open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs. The book is based on the most informative contributions delivered at the Asian Congress 2016 on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. It will be of value for those working in R&D, for graduate students, and for educators in various fields, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, and animal welfare. The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0.
Alternatives to Antibiotics: Recent Trends and Future Prospects
by Tilak Saha Manab Deb Adhikari Bipransh Kumar TiwaryThis book discusses prospective alternative approaches to fight bacterial infections to minimize the indiscriminate use of conventional antibiotics. It offers the current knowledge on research and development of alternative antibacterial agents such as probiotics, nanobiotics etc. while it also discusses newly emerging trends such as phage therapy, antibody therapy etc. The book highlights on the phytochemicals with potent antibacterial activities as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Chemical modification to develop next generation antibiotics with enhanced efficacy has also been included. Such modifications are reported to overcome the inherent resistance of the parent antibiotics. Phage therapy and targeted antibodies are considered as potential alternative approaches to treat bacterial ailments and represent areas of cutting-edge research and have therefore been discussed with sufficient care. Mainly, the book highlights various approaches other than conventional antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. The scientific advancements in these areas will strengthen the ‘One Health’ approach benefiting human beings, animals and environment as well. This book is a comprehensive resource to cater researchers, biological scientists, herbalists and clinical practitioners with up-to-date information on antibacterials other than antibiotics.
Alternatives to Antibiotics against Pathogens in Poultry
by Awad A. Shehata Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Wolfgang EisenreichThis volume provides a comprehensive overview of poultry intestinal health and recent advances in alternatives to drug treatment of significant disorders. The chapters start with an insight into immunological processes and the communities of gut microbiota. In the following, a range of antibiotic alternatives in poultry feed and production management is presented, including enzymes, phytobiotics, bacteriophages, the use of probiotics, synbiotics, and many more. Expert contributions on the latest technological and diagnostic developments in the field round off this work to accelerate the study of natural products and next-generation disease therapy. Meeting the demand to combat increased resistance to classic treatment methods, this book forms an indispensable guide for all professionals, veterinarians, nutritionists, students and researchers in the poultry industry, food production, and academia.
Alterungsprozesse und Neurodegeneration: Ein Überblick (essentials)
by Tilman GruneDas Essential behandelt in leicht verständlicher, komprimierter Weise dieGrundlagen altersbedingter Zellveränderungen, die unter Umständen zurNeurodegeneration führen können. Der Autor erläutert, wie der Alterungsprozess und die Neurodegeneration durch oxidativen Stress und dabei entstehende Schäden beeinflusst werden. Unter diesen Schäden nimmt die Bildung von Proteinaggregaten, die hier besonders ausführlich beschrieben werden, eine Schlüsselstellung ein. Darüber hinaus werden einige Aspekte der Ernährung im Alter und ihre möglichen Auswirkungen auf die Entstehung von neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen vorgestellt.
The Altruism Equation: Seven Scientists Search for the Origins of Goodness
by Lee Alan DugatkinIn a world supposedly governed by ruthless survival of the fittest, why do we see acts of goodness in both animals and humans? This problem plagued Charles Darwin in the 1850s as he developed his theory of evolution through natural selection. Indeed, Darwin worried that the goodness he observed in nature could be the Achilles heel of his theory. Ever since then, scientists and other thinkers have engaged in a fierce debate about the origins of goodness that has dragged politics, philosophy, and religion into what remains a major question for evolutionary biology.The Altruism Equation traces the history of this debate from Darwin to the present through an extraordinary cast of characters-from the Russian prince Petr Kropotkin, who wanted to base society on altruism, to the brilliant biologist George Price, who fell into poverty and succumbed to suicide as he obsessed over the problem. In a final surprising turn, William Hamilton, the scientist who came up with the equation that reduced altruism to the cold language of natural selection, desperately hoped that his theory did not apply to humans.Hamilton's Rule, which states that relatives are worth helping in direct proportion to their blood relatedness, is as fundamental to evolutionary biology as Newton's laws of motion are to physics. But even today, decades after its formulation, Hamilton's Rule is still hotly debated among those who cannot accept that goodness can be explained by a simple mathematical formula. For the first time, Lee Alan Dugatkin brings to life the people, the issues, and the passions that have surrounded the altruism debate. Readers will be swept along by this fast-paced tale of history, biography, and scientific discovery.
Altruism in Cross-Cultural Perspective (International and Cultural Psychology)
by Douglas A. VakochAltruism in Cross-Cultural Perspective provides such a scholarly overview, examining the intersection of culture and such topics as evolutionary accounts of altruism and the importance of altruism in ritual and religion. The past decade has seen a proliferation of research on altruism, made possible in part by significant funding from organizations such as the John Templeton Foundation. While significant research has been conducted on biological, social, and individual dimensions of altruism, there has been no attempt to provide an overview of the ways that altruistic behavior and attitudes vary across cultures. The book addresses the methodological challenges of researching altruism across cultures, as well as the ways that altruism is manifest in difficult circumstances. A particular strength of the book is its attention to multiple disciplinary approaches to understanding altruism, with contributors from fields including psychology, anthropology, sociology, biology, communication, philosophy, religious studies, gender studies, and bioethics.
The Altruistic Urge: Why We’re Driven to Help Others
by Stephanie D. PrestonOrdinary people can perform acts of astonishing selflessness, sometimes even putting their lives on the line. A pregnant woman saw a dorsal fin and blood in the water—and dove right in to pull her wounded husband to safety. Remarkably, some even leap into action to save complete strangers: one New York man jumped onto the subway tracks to rescue a boy who had fallen into the path of an oncoming train. Such behavior is not uniquely human. Researchers have found that mother rodents are highly motivated to bring newborn pups—not just their own—back to safety. What do these stories have in common, and what do they reveal about the instinct to protect others?In The Altruistic Urge, Stephanie D. Preston explores how and why we developed a surprisingly powerful drive to help the vulnerable. She argues that the neural and psychological mechanisms that evolved to safeguard offspring also motivate people to save strangers in need of immediate aid. Eye-catching dramatic rescues bear a striking similarity to how other mammals retrieve their young and help explain more mundane forms of support like donating money. Merging extensive interdisciplinary research that spans psychology, neuroscience, neurobiology, and evolutionary biology, Preston develops a groundbreaking model of altruistic responses. Her theory accounts for extraordinary feats of bravery, all-too-common apathy, and everything in between—and it can also be deployed to craft more effective appeals to assist those in need.
Altruistically Inclined?: The Behavioral Sciences, Evolutionary Theory, and the Origins of Reciprocity
by Alexander J. FieldAlexander J. Field is the Michel and Mary Orradre Professor of Economics at Santa Clara University.
Aluminum Recycling
by Mark E. SchlesingerWhat makes this book unique is a specific focus on aluminum recovery, rather than just recycling in general. It also offers an integrated discussion of scrap recovery and re-melting operations and includes economic as well as technical elements of recycling. Important topics include a discussion of the scrap aluminum marketplace and how secondary a
Always Inventing: A Photobiography of Alexander Graham Bell
by Tom L. MatthewsNational Geographic Children's Books presents the award-winning photobiography of Alexander Graham Bell. This fascinating profile, named a School Library Journal Best Book of the Year, uses direct quotes to give readers a vivid insight into the life of a prolific inventor, driven to succeed.
The Alzheimer Conundrum: Entanglements of Dementia and Aging
by Margaret LockWhy our approaches to Alzheimer's and dementia are problematic and contradictoryDue to rapidly aging populations, the number of people worldwide experiencing dementia is increasing, and the projections are grim. Despite billions of dollars invested in medical research, no effective treatment has been discovered for Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia. The Alzheimer Conundrum exposes the predicaments embedded in current efforts to slow down or halt Alzheimer’s disease through early detection of pre-symptomatic biological changes in healthy individuals.Based on a meticulous account of the history of Alzheimer’s disease and extensive in-depth interviews, Margaret Lock highlights the limitations and the dissent associated with biomarker detection. Lock argues that basic research must continue, but should be complemented by a public health approach to prevention that is economically feasible, more humane, and much more effective globally than one exclusively focused on an increasingly harried search for a cure.
Alzheimer's Disease: Current Research In Early Diagnosis
by Robert E. Becker; Ezio GiacobiniThis book examines the relevance of current research for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. It uncovers the present lack of clinical utility in research methodologies such as neuroimaging, drug challenges, electroencephalographs studies, and brain biopsy.
Alzheimer's Disease: Targets for New Clinical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies (Frontiers in Neuroscience)
by Renee D. Wegrzyn Alan S. RudolphIn recent years, a tremendous amount of effort has been focused on better understanding the fundamentals of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to facilitate early and accurate diagnosis and appropriately targeted therapeutic treatments. Alzheimer's Disease: Targets for New Clinical, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Strategies provides a detailed synopsis of the c
Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #670)
by Erik D. RobersonAlzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia, two of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, are dreaded disorders that attack the neural networks underlying memory and personality, systems that make us who we are. Major breakthroughs in recent years have spurred new research approaches to these conditions. In Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: Methods and Protocols, expert investigators bring together the many divergent areas of expertise used to study these diseases, including behavior, electrophysiology, confocal microscopy, and hardcore biochemistry. Beginning with an overview of the two diseases and contemporary research on them, the book continues with specialized protocols for working with amyloid-β peptide, tau, and apolipoprotein E as well as experimental systems for studying AD and FTD, including cell and animal models, and outcome measures that can be used to assess neuronal function in these systems. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include brief introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easy to use, Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for all scientists pursuing the cause and cure of these widespread and nightmarishly debilitating disorders.
Alzheimer's Disease I
by Juan Moises de la Serna Adriana Ethel AllendeWhat is it, what are its causes, what consequences does it entail? Discover all the answers to Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's is a disease that has increased in terms of the number of cases affected in recent years, which in turn has caused many questions to arise when a person or a family member receives the diagnosis, such as, what Alzheimer's is, what its origin is, if there is a treatment, how the disease evolves, what the consequences in everyday life are, what the psychological effects on the patient are, if it can be overcome, if it is transmitted to children. This opens up a whole collection of issues to deal with in order to calm the uncertainty felt when getting to know that one suffers from a disease that is increasingly "common" and widespread, and of which little is known about the latest scientific advances in this area, due in large part to the complexity of the technical language used, but also because these advances usually reach only specialists through meetings and congresses where this type of information is shared.
Alzheimer´s Disease II
by Jacqueline M. Nuñez Juan Moises de la SernaWhat are the symptoms? How is it diagnosed? How many people is affected by it? Learn the latest research about the disease of Alzheimer Every day there are new discoveries about the disease of Alzheimer, but these usually are available for specialists and academics in the topic. This book aims to resolve this problem and show the latest advances about the disease of Alzheimer. Objective: The objective of the e-book is to serve as a first approximation to those people that have in themselves or in their families, the disease of Alzheimer. This book tries to show in a clear way, the results of the latest research about the disease of Alzheimer, and with it , to answer to the most relevant questions, what are the symptoms? How is it diagnosed? And how many people is affected by it? Recipients: -Professionals from the health system that have to, or want to learn more about the diagnosis and treatment of the Alzheimer´s disease. -Professors that want to offer updated information to their students, about the Alzheimer´s disease -To any person that has received the diagnosis of Alzheimer´s disease and their families, for them to know what to do in light of this disease. Topic Following there will be a detailed explanation about each of the principal topics of this piece: -Symptoms of Alzheimer: The families usually are the first ones to notice the symptoms associated with this disease, but for this they should be well informed of which these are. -Alzheimer´s disease: Once the first symptoms have been detected, is adequate to get in touch with an specialist to determine which is the best way to intervene. -Extension of the Alzheimer: Although the number is not the important, since each case is important because is the life of a person, the big numbers inform how this disease is spreading worldwide.