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Generation and Parametric Amplification of Few‐Cycle Light Pulses at Relativistic Intensities (Springer Theses)
by Alexander KesselThis book reports on the development of a pioneering light source architecture of the so-called Petawatt Field Synthesizer (PFS) system, which is based on short-pulse pumped, optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA), driven by a homemade, 1-ps diode-pumped Yb:YAG. At a few-cycle pulse duration of the amplified pulses, this architecture yields record levels of peak power and temporal contrast, the latter boasting a 100-times faster rise time from the noise level to peak intensity of the pulse compared to conventional laser systems. This allows investigation of the true laser–solid interaction without premature plasma expansion and without lossy pulse cleaning by e.g. plasma mirrors. The book describes several concepts for the generation of broadband, high-energy and high-contrast seed pulses, as well as the OPCPA development, few-cycle pulse compression and contrast characterization in a concise and insightful manner. The theory chapter serves as an excellent and accessible primer on OPCPA and other nonlinear interactions, while the experimental parts provide an excellent description of the challenges of developing such a novel architecture and some of the innovative solutions to overcome them.
Generation and Update of a Digital Twin in a Process Plant
by Josip Stjepandić Johannes Lützenberger Philipp KremerThis book covers the most important subjects of digital twin in a process plant, including foundations, methods, achievements, and applications in a brownfield environment. Besides offering a variety of applications and procedural variants from research and industrial practice, this book also provides a comprehensive insight into holistic plant planning. It also discusses the challenges that currently exist in different application areas. This book would be of interest to industry professionals and researchers in industrial and manufacturing engineering.
Generation, Detection and Processing of Terahertz Signals (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #794)
by Aritra Acharyya Arindam Biswas Palash DasThis book contains detailed descriptions and associated discussions regarding different generation, detection and signal processing techniques for the electrical and optical signals within the THz frequency spectrum (0.3–10 THz). It includes detailed reviews of some recently developed electronic and photonic devices for generating and detecting THz waves, potential materials for implementing THz passive circuits, some newly developed systems and methods associated with THz wireless communication, THz antennas and some cutting-edge techniques associated with the THz signal and image processing. The book especially focuses on the recent advancements and several research issues related to THz sources, detectors and THz signal and image processing techniques; it also discusses theoretical, experimental, established and validated empirical works on these topics. The book caters to a very wide range of readers from basic science to technological experts as well as students.
Generation Gen-Schere: Wie begegnen wir der gentechnologischen Revolution?
by Röbbe WünschiersWir erleben derzeit eine neue Dimension der Gentechnik, doch wohin soll die Reise führen? Sollen wir Krankheiten therapieren oder besser genetisch reparieren? Führt die neue Gentechnik verbunden mit der modernen Reproduktionsbiologie zu Designer-Babies? Und: Dürfen wir eine Liberalisierung dieser Techniken als Bürgerwissenschaft (Citizen Science) zulassen?Neue Methoden können das Erbgut präzise verändern – und sie hinterlassen keine Spuren. Diese „Gen(om)chirurgie“ gedeiht auf dem Boden zunehmenden Wissens um die Wirkungsweise der Gene, jenen merkmalsgebenden Bereichen im Genom. Vor allem im Bereich der Züchtung widerstandsfähigerer und ertragreicherer Kulturpflanzen findet dieses Wissen seine praktische Anwendung. Und der Mensch? Der Autor zeigt, dass Genvarianten längst nicht mehr nur mit Krankheiten, sondern auch mit Ernährungsvorlieben oder Intelligenz in Verbindung gesetzt werden. Therapie- und Optimierungsmöglichkeiten liegen nahe beieinander. Welche Wirkung hat die Umwelt auf die Ausprägung des Erbguts? Gene können zu Lebzeiten durch Umwelt, Ernährung oder Erlebtes geprägt und so verändert an die Nachkommen weitergegeben werden. Hat also die Gesellschaft eine neue Form der Langzeitverantwortung für die (epi)genetische Integrität?Der Autor erklärt in diesem anschaulich und verständlich geschriebenen Buch den Stand der Gentechnologie ohne allzu viel Vorwissen vorauszusetzen und lädt zu einem offenen Dialog über dieses ambivalente Thema ein. Machen Sie sich ein eigenes Bild von den faszinierenden und doch auch einschüchternden Möglichkeiten der Gentechnik. Wie stehen Sie dazu? Mithilfe dieses Buches haben Sie die Chance sich eine differenzierte Meinung zu bilden.
Generation of cDNA Libraries
by Shao-Yao YingExpert researchers and inventors in the field describe their own proven techniques for generating cDNA/mRNA libraries to identify the functions of specific decoded gene sequences. A wide variety of techniques is presented for enhancing the generation of complete and full-length libraries, and for confirming the quality of the cDNAs generated. Among the applications detailed are electrophoresis, Northern blotting, single cell microarray analysis, subtractive hybridization, subtractive cloning, gene cloning, and peptide library generation.
Generation of Energy from Municipal Solid Waste: Circular Economy and Sustainability
by Abdelkader Anouzla Salah SouabiThis book endeavors to critically assess and analyze the latent energy potential inherent within waste materials, thereby reframing the conventional perception of garbage from being solely a detrimental source of environmental pollution to being recognized as a viable and sustainable energy source. Furthermore, this book provides an extensive and meticulously curated database that serves as an invaluable resource to guide stakeholders in selecting the most appropriate and effective methodologies for waste disposal, whilst facilitating the generation of renewable energy that can significantly contribute to energy sustainability. In undertaking this comprehensive evaluation, the book highlights the transformative possibilities of waste management practices. It underscores the broader implications for environmental conservation and the advancement of renewable energy technologies in contemporary society. The text comprises 17 chapters on waste management with clean energy generation (heat, CH4, H2, diesel, petrol, methanol, ethanol, etc.) that experts in the field have suggested. Energy from trash may be recovered, which results in a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions and the creation of new recovery technologies. Lowering environmental pollution is an intelligent approach to ensure national energy security and combat the trend toward global warming.
Generation of Surfaces: Kinematic Geometry of Surface Machining
by Stephen P. RadzevichA commonly used practice in industry is the machining of sculptured part surfaces on a multiaxis numerical control (NC) machine. While this practice is vital, it is also a costly aspect of the surface generation process. After investing more than 40 years of research into the theory of part surface generation, the author of Generation of Surfaces:
Generation Robot: A Century of Science Fiction, Fact, and Speculation
by Terri FavroGeneration Robot covers a century of science fiction, fact and, speculation—from the 1950 publication of Isaac Asimov’s seminal robot masterpiece, I, Robot, to the 2050 Singularity when artificial and human intelligence are predicted to merge. Beginning with a childhood informed by pop-culture robots in movies, in comic books, and on TV in the 1960s to adulthood where the possibilities of self-driving cars and virtual reality are daily conversation, Terri Favro offers a unique perspective on how our relationship with robotics and futuristic technologies has shifted over time. Peppered with pop-culture fun-facts about Superman’s kryptonite, the human-machine relationships in the cult TV show Firefly, and the sexual and moral implications of the film Ex Machina, Generation Robot explores how the techno-triumphs and resulting anxieties of reality bleed into the fantasies of our collective culture.Clever and accessible, Generation Robot isn’t just for the serious, scientific reader—it’s for everyone interested in robotics and technology since their science-fiction origins. By looking back at the future she once imagined, analyzing the plugged-in present, and speculating on what is on the horizon, Terri Favro allows readers the chance to consider what was, what is, and what could be. This is a captivating book that looks at the pop-culture of our society to explain how the world works—now and tomorrow.
Generation, Transmission, Detection, and Application of Vortex Beams (Optical Wireless Communication Theory and Technology)
by Xizheng KeThis book focuses on the key technologies supporting orbital-angular-momentum multiplexing communication: generation, transmission, detection, and application of vortex beams. A series of methods for generating vortex beams are described and compared in detail. Laguerre-Gaussian and Bessel-Gaussian beams are taken as examples to introduce the transport properties of vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence. The authors show that superposition of vortex beam state, interference, diffraction, and grating can realize the detection of the topological charge of vortex beams. The authors also introduce the application of vortex beams in optical communication and the transmission characteristics of partially coherent vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence. Finally, the authors describe vortex beam information exchange and channel reconstruction.
Generations Gardening Together: Sourcebook for Intergenerational Therapeutic Horticulture
by Jean M. Larson Mary MeyerBring a Sensory Garden to life in a structured therapeutic horticulture program!Intergenerational gardening programs bring the generations together. This book presents a tested, hands-on, easy-to-use activity plan that benefits the development of relationships between adults over 70 and school-age children. It shows how to limit frustration for both groups, how to plan activities that are functional and non-contrived, and how to assure that the interaction between elders and children is rewarding and pleasant for both. The activities rely on inexpensive, readily available tools and resources available throughout the growing season.While other books have discussed designing a Sensory Garden for people with disabilities, Generations Gardening Together applies the Sensory Garden design to a specific population, with a focus on the human senses that are stimulated by the garden. This unique sourcebook shows you, step-by-step, how a Sensory Garden can come alive in a structured therapeutic horticulture program. Generations Gardening Together shows how to create a Sensory Garden that will stimulate young and old gardeners alike. It outlines a six-week program curriculum that has been used and developed over ten years to use gardening as a program to bring generations together. You’ll learn therapeutic techniques that benefit elders by promoting self-esteem, creating feelings of pride, competence, and satisfactionboth from creating a garden and through passing on their knowledge and wisdom to the younger generation, inspiring them to use both their long-term and short-term memory skills, increasing physical stimulation, and providing the comfort of familiar plants and their aromas, which can trigger memories of people, places, and vocations. The activities in the book also benefit children through the establishment of a safe environment where people of all ages, backgrounds, and abilities can come togetheran ideal social situation in which youth can seek the wisdom of elders. Children learn important lessons about accountability, nurturing, and responsibility, for working in a garden teaches youth about life, death, hope, patience, and beauty.Each activity session described in Generations Gardening Together includes the following information: titledescribes the content of the program general statement of purposeidentifies the intent of the program goal(s)outlines the expected outcome(s) of the activity program proceduresprovides a detailed description of each step and the order of the program’s activities evaluationincludes what and how therapeutic program goals are to be measured and recorded materials and equipmentidentifies all the necessary equipment and supplies needed to facilitate the program activity This important resource shows how to provide appropriate (separate) orientation to seniors and children, what to emphasize and what to avoid in creating a program in your community, how to create garden themes that reflect the interests of the participants (ethnic foods, bird and butterfly gardens, planting to attract wildlife, etc.), how to decide what activities are appropriate for the developmental level of the participants, and much more. Generations Gardening Together is an essential resource for therapeutic recreation specialists, occupational therapists, therapeutic horticulture professionals, activity coordinators, master gardeners, and anyone working in an environment where elders and children come together.
Generations of Reason: A Family's Search for Meaning in Post-Newtonian England
by Joan L. RichardsAn intimate, accessible history of British intellectual development across the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, through the story of one family This book recounts the story of three Cambridge-educated Englishmen and the women with whom they chose to share their commitment to reason in all parts of their lives. The reason this family embraced was an essentially human power with the potential to generate true insight into all aspects of the world. In exploring the ways reason permeated three generations of English experience, this book casts new light on key developments in English cultural and political history, from the religious conformism of the eighteenth century through the Napoleonic era into the Industrial Revolution and prosperity of the Victorian age. At the same time, it restores the rich world of the essentially meditative, rational sciences of theology, astronomy, mathematics, and logic to their proper place in the English intellectual landscape. Following the development of their views over the course of an eventful one hundred years of English history illuminates the fine structure of ways reason still operates in our world.
Generative Complexity in a Complex Generative World: A Generative Revolution in the Making (Understanding Complex Systems)
by Ton JörgThis book introduces a refreshing approach to twenty-first-century scientific approach in an age, which is also known as the Century of Complexity. It deals with the deep problem of complexity, being operative from the bottom-up. The current lack of understanding of complexity has led scholars into the so-called embarrassment of complexity. A long overdue paradigm shift is necessary to address complexity as generative complexity and brings readers to the edge of a scientific revolution: that is, a generative revolution in the Century of Complexity. The book offers a radical shift of paradigm from the paradigm of simplifying into the new generative paradigm of complexifying about processes that develop from the bottom-up. The book links complex generative reality with a corresponding radical new generative nature of order and explores new fronts in science. This book explores innovative concepts of interaction, of causality, of the unit of study, and of reality itself and enables readers to see complexity as generative, emergent complexity as being operative from the bottom-up. The book discusses and suggests solutions for the problem of complexity in this Century of Complexity. The author provides a new understanding of complexity based on a generative flux of forces and relations. The book aims to bring about a fundamental and foundational change in how we view and ‘do’ science for an interdisciplinary audience of academics ranging from social science and humanities to economy and biology.
Generative Intelligence in Healthcare: Transforming Patient Care with AI Creativity (Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Engineering and Management)
by Sakshi Gupta Umesh Gupta Moolchand Sharma Kamal MalikThis book explores the intersection of artificial intelligence and healthcare with a focus on generative intelligence. The book will introduce the concept of generative intelligence and its transformative potential in patient care, showcasing applications that go beyond conventional AI approaches.Generative Intelligence in Healthcare: Transforming Patient Care with AI Creativity delves into the use of generative models for personalized medicine, data analytics, and predictive modelling, providing real-world examples of how AI creativity can revolutionize treatment strategies and diagnostic processes. It focuses on the origin and basics of generative AI, generative AI models, and possible areas in healthcare where generative AI can work. It discusses how generative AI model will help healthcare providers automatically generate prescriptions, discharge summaries, and patient conditions. The unique strength of this book lies in its comprehensive examination of ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks, ensuring a responsible and transparent integration of generative intelligence in healthcare. By addressing current challenges and envisioning future directions, this book serves as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers seeking to harness the full potential of AI creativity to enhance patient outcomes.The book is written for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, signal process engineering, biomedical imaging, and computer science.
Generative Manufacturing of Optical, Thermal and Structural Components (GROTESK)
by Roland Lachmayer Dietmar Kracht Volker Wesling Henning AhlersThe book describes and explains the results of the collaborative project Generative Manufacturing of Optical, Thermal and Structural Components over the last three years. The overall goal is the development of a system concept based on generative manufacturing for integrated optical and optomechanical systems. Different developed generative manufacturing processes for glass and specially designed metal powders have been implemented in a single fabrication set up enabling multi-material manufacturing of optical components and systems. The main focus of the project is split into several topics: simulation, design, material engineering, process engineering, post-processing and component evaluation. The simulation of the glass printing process will be structured iteratively with a comparison of the experimental results in order to be able to finally make a prediction of the necessary parameter sizes for defined components. A metal material with similar thermal conductivity and thermal expansion properties to glass or laser-active crystals has been developed iteratively over the course of the project to enable direct printing onto these materials. In order to demonstrate the potential of generatively manufactured optomechanics for function-integrated systems, the optomechanical components required for a solid-state laser system are manufactured in a polymer-based 3D printing process and their properties are characterized. All these individual projects of the overall network are combined in the system concept.
Generic: The Unbranding of Modern Medicine
by Jeremy A. GreeneThe turbulent history of generic pharmaceuticals raises powerful questions about similarity and difference in modern medicine.Generic drugs are now familiar objects in clinics, drugstores, and households around the world. We like to think of these tablets, capsules, patches, and ointments as interchangeable with their brand-name counterparts: why pay more for the same? And yet they are not quite the same. They differ in price, in place of origin, in color, shape, and size, in the dyes, binders, fillers, and coatings used, and in a host of other ways. Claims of generic equivalence, as physician-historian Jeremy Greene reveals in this gripping narrative, are never based on being identical to the original drug in all respects, but in being the same in all ways that matter.How do we know what parts of a pill really matter? Decisions about which differences are significant and which are trivial in the world of therapeutics are not resolved by simple chemical or biological assays alone. As Greene reveals in this fascinating account, questions of therapeutic similarity and difference are also always questions of pharmacology and physiology, of economics and politics, of morality and belief.Generic is the first book to chronicle the social, political, and cultural history of generic drugs in America. It narrates the evolution of the generic drug industry from a set of mid-twentieth-century "schlock houses" and "counterfeiters" into an agile and surprisingly powerful set of multinational corporations in the early twenty-first century.The substitution of bioequivalent generic drugs for more expensive brand-name products is a rare success story in a field of failed attempts to deliver equivalent value in health care for a lower price. Greene’s history sheds light on the controversies shadowing the success of generics: problems with the generalizability of medical knowledge, the fragile role of science in public policy, and the increasing role of industry, marketing, and consumer logics in late-twentieth-century and early twenty-first century health care.
Generic and Specific Roles of Saccharides at Cell and Bacteria Surfaces
by Emanuel SchneckSystematic investigations of the structure, mechanics, and dynamics of biological surfaces help us understand more about biological processes taking place at cell and bacteria surfaces. Presented here is a study of the role membrane-bound saccharides play in the modulation of interactions between cells/bacteria and their environments. In this thesis, membrane structures were probed perpendicular and parallel to the surface, and sophisticated planar models of biomembranes composed of glycolipids of various structural complexities were designed. Furthermore, specular and off-specular X-ray and neutron scattering experiments were carried out. This research has led to the development of several new methods for extracting information on the structure and mechanics of saccharide-rendered biomembranes from the measured scattering signals. In fact, more is now known about the influence of the saccharide structure. These results demonstrate that the study of planar model systems with X-ray and neutron scattering techniques can provide comprehensive insight into the structure and mechanics of complex biological surfaces.
Generic Drug Product Development: International Regulatory Requirements for Bioequivalence
by Isadore Kanfer Leon ShargelDue to a worldwide need for lower cost drug therapy, use of generic and multi-source drug products have been increasing. To meet international patent and trade agreements, the development and sale of these products must conform to national and international laws, and generic products must prove that they are of the same quality and are therapeutica
Generic Drug Product Development: Bioequivalence Issues
by Isadore Kanfer Leon ShargelThe assessment of bioequivalence is an important process whereby the bioavailability of a generic drug product is compared with its brand-name counterpart. Generic pharmaceutical products must be approved as therapeutic equivalents to the brand name alternative in order to be interchangeable. The demonstration of bioequivalence is an important comp
Generic Drug Product Development: Specialty Dosage Forms
by Leon Shargel Isadore KanferGeneric Drug Product Development: Specialty Dosage Forms explores the issues related to providing evidence of pharmaceutical equivalence and bioequivalence for specialty drug products. It describes various scientific approaches and regulatory requirements for manufacturers who need to demonstrate the therapeutic equivalence of generic specialty dru
GeneRisk
by Gunther Schmidt Winfried Schröder Broder BrecklingDas Buch gibt einen Einblick in systemische Verknüpfungen, denen der Anbau von gentechnisch veränderten Pflanzen in Deutschland unterliegen würde. Es thematisiert Verknüpfungen, die sich zwischen ökologischen und sozialen Systemzusammenhängen herstellen lassen. Bisherige Betrachtungen widmeten sich dem Thema entweder aus ökologischer Perspektive oder thematisieren (agrar-)politische Zusammenhänge. Das Buch resultiert aus einem Forschungsprojekt, in welchem das BMBF die Erforschung sozialökologischer Wechselwirkungen gefördert hat.
Genes: Yeast Gene Analysis (Methods In Microbiology Ser. #Vol. 26)
by Gordon Graham'It's all in the genes'. Is this true, and if so, what is all in the genes? Genes: A Philosophical Inquiry is a crystal clear and highly informative guide to a debate none of us can afford to ignore.Beginning with a much-needed overview of the relationship between science and technology, Gordon Graham lucidly explains and assesses the most important and controversial aspects of the genes debate: Darwinian theory and its critics, the idea of the 'selfish' gene, evolutionary psychology, memes, genetic screening and modification, including the risks of cloning and 'designer' babies.He considers areas often left out of the genes debate, such as the environmental risks of genetic engineering and how we should think about genes in the wider context of debates on science, knowledge and religion. Gordon Graham asks whether genetic engineering might be introducing God back into the debate and whether the risks of a brave new genetic world outweigh the potential benefits.Essential reading for anyone interested in science, technology, and philosophy, Genes: A Philosophical Inquiry is ideal for those wanting to find out more about the ethical implications of genetics and the future of biotechnology.
Genes and Behavior: Nature-Nurture Interplay Explained
by Michael RutterIn this major new book, eminent scientist Professor Sir Michael Rutter gets behind the hype of the behavioral genetics debate to provide a balanced and authoritative overview of the genetic revolution and its implications for understanding human behavior. Written by one of the world's leading figures in child psychology and psychiatry, Professor Sir Michael Rutter Provides non-technical explanation of genetics to diffuse the sensational debates surrounding the topic Sets out in layman's terms what genes do, how much is nature and how much is nurture Argues that nature and nurture are not truly separate and gives examples of how the two interact Looks at the implications of genetic findings for policy and practice The book will inform public debate about the implications of the Human Genome Project and, more broadly, the field of genetic science.
Genes and Behaviour: Beyond Nature-Nurture
by David J. Hosken John Hunt Nina WedellProvides a broad snapshot of recent findings showing how the environment and genes influence behavior The great debate of nature versus nurture rages on — but our understanding of the genetic basis of many behaviors has expanded over the last decade, and there is now very good evidence showing that seemingly complex behaviours can have relatively simple genetic underpinnings, but also that most behaviours have very complicated genetic and environmental architecture. Studies have also clearly shown that behaviors, and other traits, are influenced not just by genes and the environment, but also by the statistical interaction between the two. This book aims to end the nature versus nurture argument by showing that behaviors are nature and nurture and the interaction between the two, and by illustrating how single genes can explain some of the variation in behaviors even when they are seemingly complex. Genes and Behaviour: Beyond Nature-Nurture puts to rest the nature versus nurture dichotomy, providing an up-to-date synopsis of where we are, how far we've come and where we are headed. It considers the effects of a dual-inheritance of genes and culture, and genes and social environment, and highlights how indirect genetic effects can affect the evolution of behavior. It also examines the effect of non-self genes on the behavior of hosts, shines a light on the nature and nurturing of animal minds and invites us to embrace all the complexity nature and nurture generates, and more. Explores exciting new findings about behavior and where we go from here Features contributions by top scholars of the subject Seeks to end the nature versus nurture debate forever Genes and Behaviour: Beyond Nature-Nurture is a unique, and eye-opening read that will appeal to Ph.D. Students, post-doctoral fellows, and researchers in evolution and behavior. Additionally, the book will also be of interest to geneticists, sociologists and philosophers.
Genes and Cardiovascular Function
by Naranjan S. Dhalla Makoto Nagano Bohuslav OstadalRapid advances in molecular medicine have led to pronounced new developments in experimental and clinical cardiology. In the embrace of modern molecular biology and bridging the gap between the clinical and the genomic, cardiovascular medicine has seen major strides in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive disease progression. The ability to rapidly identify candidate human genes for cardiovascular diseases lends itself to the development of diverse strategies for disease treatment and management. The wide variety of gene expressions proffers excellent targets for novel therapeutics. Gene therapy is steadily increasing in viability and represents a fascinating arena of research and clinical focus. This book is based on two international Mendel symposia on "Genes and the Heart," joint meetings of the Japanese and European sections of the International Academy of Cardiovascular Sciences. Highlighting selected symposia contributions, this book explores the role of molecular biology and genetics in the basic knowledge, genesis, and clinical interventions of cardiovascular diseases.
Genes and DNA: A Beginner's Guide to Genetics and Its Applications
by Charlotte OmotoCovering newsworthy aspects of contemporary biology—gene therapy, the Human Genome Project, DNA testing, and genetic engineering—as well as fundamental concepts, this book, written specifically for nonbiologists, discusses classical and molecular genetics, quantitative and population genetics—including cloning and genetic diseases—and the many applications of genetics to the world around us, from genetically modified foods to genetic testing. With minimal technical terminology and jargon, Genes and DNA facilitates conceptual understanding. Eschewing the organization of traditional genetics texts, the authors have provided an organic progression of information: topics are introduced as needed, within a broader framework that makes them meaningful for nonbiologists. The book encourages the reader to think independently, always stressing scientific background and current facts.