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High Throughput Analysis for Food Safety
by Jack F. Kay Mark F. Vitha Perry G. WangThis book focuses on high-throughput analyses for food safety. Because of the contributors domestic and international expertise from industry and government the book appeals to a wider audience. It includes the latest development in rapid screening, with a particular emphasis on the growing use and applicability of a variety of stand-alone mass spectrometry methods as well as using mass spectrometry in hyphenated techniques such as gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Readers will be educated to the field of food safety and rapid testing in the most commonly used techniques. Divided into three parts (Basics of High Throughput Analyses, Mass Spectrometry in High Throughput Analyses, and International Food Safety Testing) this book covers many important aspects of high-throughput analyses for food safety.
High Throughput Gene Screening: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2866)
by Valerie J. Carabetta Olaitan AkintundeThis volume explores the latest advancements in the high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and its uses in our understanding of complex biological processes and human diseases. The chapters in this book are organized into five parts and cover topics such as genome based-sequencing technologies, including whole genome sequencing, targeted sequencing, and metagenomic analysis; epigenome-based technologies like EM-seq, MNase-seq, and ATAC-seq; transcriptome-based sequencing technologies, including RNA-seq, scRNA-seq, mi-RNA-seq and RIL-seq; HTS modalities for structural studies of DNA including Hi-C and DamID-seq; and the potential use of HTC in clinical settings, including cancer research and treatment, and personalized medicine. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, tips on troubleshooting, and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, High Throughput Gene Screening: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for all researchers interested in incorporating HTS into their research and learning more about this exciting technology.
High Throughput Imaging Technology (Advances in Optics and Optoelectronics)
by Yutong Li Zhengjun LiuThis book highlights a comprehensive introduction to high-throughput imaging, with the focus on the principles and methods. High-throughput imaging has become a research trend in the field of optics. It combines fast imaging, super-resolution imaging and large field of view imaging, improving the performance of the imaging system in many aspects. The development of a fast and high-throughput imaging system requires integration of optics, mathematics, programming, and other related science and technology. They bridge the theory and the system and realize the software-hardware integration, finally achieving high-performance imaging. An effective evaluation criterion of high-throughput imaging is the spatio-temporal bandwidth product, which provides guidance for research. The imaging technology with better comprehensive performance is the key target of research. Nowadays, new super-resolution imaging technologies and high-throughput imaging technologies have been emerging one after another, together with a number of new technical indicators. However, the integration and cascade of various technologies is still a very difficult challenge, and different technologies are difficult to be used in combination because of differences in physical space and technical means. Creating an imaging system with fast and high-throughput imaging capability is an urgent research task, which has important economic and social benefits for practical applications such as observing the dynamic (transient) process of large-size targets and on-line detection. High-throughput imaging is one of the major research goals of global research teams in optical imaging. This book summarizes latest research advances and introduces a variety of imaging methods targeting key problems, bringing together new theories and technologies in the aspects of high resolution, large field of view and fast imaging. The book provides a handy reference and systematic handbook for graduate students, researchers, and technicians engaged in the study, research and work in optical imaging.
High Throughput Protein Expression and Purification
by Sharon A. DoyleDespite exciting advances in genome sequencing, isolating a protein from its expression system in its native form still presents a complex challenge. In High Throughput Protein Expression and Purification: Methods and Protocols, leading scientists detail the most successful protocols currently in use, including various high throughput cloning schemes, protein expression analysis, and production protocols. This volume describes the use of E. coli, insect, and mammalian cells, as well as cell-free systems for the production of a wide variety of proteins, including glycoproteins and membrane proteins, in order to best represent strategies that create and exploit common features to enable simplified cloning, stable expression, and purification of proteins. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, the chapters present brief introductions to the subject, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and a Notes section for tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, High Throughput Protein Expression and Purification: Methods and Protocols is an ideal reference for protein biochemists and all those who wish to apply these easy-to-use protocols to the many applicable fields.
High Throughput Screening
by William P. Janzen Paul BernasconiIn the years since the release of the popular first edition, the field of High Throughput Screening (HTS) has evolved considerably, from a small niche area of study to a major, essential scientific technique. In High Throughput Screening: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, experts in the field fully update the previous edition to best serve as an introduction to HTS for scientists who are just entering the field, and as a provider of key, significant detail so as to be useful to scientists in established HTS operations. Featuring new screening technologies as well as many well established methods, chapters offer comprehensive treatment of the activities directly related to HTS, such as compound library management, data handling, and robotics. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series, this work provides the kind of meticulous description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Authoritative and intrinsically practical, High Throughput Screening: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition promises to share the highest knowledge and enthusiasm with all those who use this versatile technology in their own labs.
High Throughput Screening: The Discovery of Bioactive Substances
by John P. DevlinFurnishing the latest interdisciplinary information on the most important and frequently the only investigational system available for discovery programs that address the effects of small molecules on newly discovered enzyme and receptor targets emanating from molecular biology, this timely resource facilitates the transition from classical to high
High Tide at Gettysburg: The Campaign in Pennsylvania
by Glenn TuckerThe author tries to present how the Gettysburg battle was won and lost, and why the Gettysburg campaign remains such an appealing study to large numbers even after the passing of nearly a century.
High Tide for Horseshoe Crabs
by Lisa Kahn SchnellDual-layered text introduces the life cycle of the horseshoe crab, with a focus on the annual mass-spawning event at Delaware Bay.
High Time-Resolution Astrophysics (Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics #27)
by Tariq Shahbaz Jorge Casares Velázquez Teodoro Muñoz DariasHigh time-resolution astrophysics (HTRA) involves measuring and studying astronomical phenomena on timescales of seconds to milliseconds. Although many areas of astronomy, such as X-ray astronomy and pulsar observations, have traditionally required high time-resolution studies, HTRA techniques are now being applied to optical, infrared and gamma-ray wavelength regimes, due to the development of high efficiency detectors and larger telescopes that can gather photons at a higher rate. With lectures from eminent scientists aimed at young researchers and postdoctorate students in observational astronomy and astrophysics, this volume gives a practical overview and introduction to the tools and techniques of HTRA. Just as multi-spectral observations of astrophysical phenomena are already yielding new scientific results, many astronomers are optimistic that exploring the time domain will open up an important new frontier in observational astronomy over the next decade.
High Value Fermentation Products, Volume 1: Human Health
by Vikash Babu Saurabh Saran Asha ChaubeyGreen technologies are no longer the “future” of science, but the present. With more and more mature industries, such as the process industries, making large strides seemingly every single day, and more consumers demanding products created from green technologies, it is essential for any business in any industry to be familiar with the latest processes and technologies. It is all part of a global effort to “go greener,” and this is nowhere more apparent than in fermentation technology. This book describes relevant aspects of industrial-scale fermentation, an expanding area of activity, which already generates commercial values of over one third of a trillion US dollars annually, and which will most likely radically change the way we produce chemicals in the long-term future. From biofuels and bulk amino acids to monoclonal antibodies and stem cells, they all rely on mass suspension cultivation of cells in stirred bioreactors, which is the most widely used and versatile way to produce. Today, a wide array of cells can be cultivated in this way, and for most of them genetic engineering tools are also available. Examples of products, operating procedures, engineering and design aspects, economic drivers and cost, and regulatory issues are addressed. In addition, there will be a discussion of how we got to where we are today, and of the real world in industrial fermentation. This chapter is exclusively dedicated to large-scale production used in industrial settings.
High Voltage Direct Current Transmission
by Khaled Ahmed Dragan JovcicThis comprehensive reference guides the reader through all HVDC technologies, including LCC (Line Commutated Converter), 2-level VSC and VSC HVDC based on modular multilevel converters (MMC) for an in-depth understanding of converters, system level design, operating principles and modeling. Written in a tutorial style, the book also describes the key principles of design, control, protection and operation of DC transmission grids, which will be substantially different from the practice with AC transmission grids.The first dedicated reference to the latest HVDC technologies and DC grid developments; this is an essential resource for graduate students and researchers as well as engineers and professionals working on the design, modeling and operation of DC grids and HVDC. Key features: * Provides comprehensive coverage of LCC, VSC and (half and full bridge) MMC-based VSC technologies and DC transmission grids. * Presents phasor and dynamic analytical models for each HVDC technology and DC grids. * Includes HVDC protection, studies of DC and AC faults, as well as system-level studies of AC-DC interactions and impact on AC grids for each HVDC technology. * Companion website hosts SIMULINK SimPowerSystems models with examples for all HVDC topologies.
High Voltage Measurement Techniques: Fundamentals, Measuring Instruments, and Measuring Methods (Power Systems)
by Klaus SchonThis book conveys the theoretical and experimental basics of a well-founded measurement technique in the areas of high DC, AC and surge voltages as well as the corresponding high currents. Additional chapters explain the acquisition of partial discharges and the electrical measured variables. Equipment exposed to very high voltages and currents is used for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. They are therefore tested for reliability before commissioning using standardized and future test and measurement procedures. Therefore, the book also covers procedures for calibrating measurement systems and determining measurement uncertainties, and the current state of measurement technology with electro-optical and magneto-optical sensors is discussed.
High k Gate Dielectrics
by Michel HoussaThe drive toward smaller and smaller electronic componentry has huge implications for the materials currently being used. As quantum mechanical effects begin to dominate, conventional materials will be unable to function at scales much smaller than those in current use. For this reason, new materials with higher electrical permittivity will be requ
High pT Physics in The Heavy Ion Era
by Jan Rak Michael J. TannenbaumAimed at graduate students and researchers in the field of high-energy nuclear physics, this book provides an overview of the basic concepts of large transverse momentum particle physics, with a focus on pQCD phenomena. It examines high-pT probes of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and will serve as a handbook for those working on RHIC and LHC data analyses. Starting with an introduction and review of the field, the authors look at basic observables and experimental techniques, concentrating on relativistic particle kinematics, before moving onto a discussion about the origins of high-pT physics. The main features of high-pT physics are placed within a historical context and the authors adopt an experimental outlook, highlighting the most important discoveries leading up to the foundation of modern QCD theory. Advanced methods are described in detail, making this book especially useful for newcomers to the field.
High- and Low-Valent tris-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Iron Complexes
by Carola S. VogelCarola Vogel's PhD thesis focuses on the synthesis, and structural and spectroscopic characterization of the first high valent iron nitride complexes. In her interdisciplinary and collaborative research Carola also describes the reactivity studies of a unique iron (V) nitride complex with water. These studies show that quantitative yields of ammonia are given at ambient conditions. High valent iron nitride and oxo species have been proposed as key intermediates in many bio-catalytic transformations, but until now these species have proven exceedingly challenging to isolate and study. Iron complexes in high oxidation states can thus serve as models for iron-containing enzymes to help us understand biological systems or aid our development of more efficient industrial catalysts.
High-Conductivity Channels in Space (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #103)
by Victor ApollonovThis book discusses the physics of conductive channel development in space, air and vacuums and summarizes the attempts to create super-long conductive channels to study the upper atmosphere and to complete specific tasks related to energy transmission from the space to earth with high-voltage high repetition rate electrical sources. Conductive channels are produced by the laser jet engine vehicle-propulsion under the influence of powerful high repetition rate pulse-periodic laser radiation by CO2-laser, solid state Nd YAG,HF/DF laser systems generated with each pulse of the powerful laser conductive dust plasma. The book also presents the experimental and theoretical results of conductive canal modeling: the laser jet engine vehicle “Impulsar”, which can reach the lower layers of the ionosphere in several hundred seconds. Further, the book explores the development of lightning protection systems. The so-called long laser spark is generated to provide the conditions for connecting a thunderstorm cloud with a grounded metal rod, i.e. a classical lightning rod. Such conductivity channels can be used for energy transmission, overvoltage protection systems, transport of charged particle beams and plasma antennas. It provides the theoretical and experimental basis of high repetition rate P-P mode of operation for high power lasers (COIL, HF/DF, CO2,Nd YAG). It describes high efficiency and excellent beam quality disk lasers used for numerous applications, including surface treatment of dielectric materials in microelectronics, cutting, drilling, welding, polishing and cleaning of the surface and other technological operations. Lastly it investigates how megawatt mono-module disk lasers could be used to solve various problems: small satellites launched by lasers, formation of super-long conducting channels in space and atmosphere, cleaning of the near-earth space from the space debris and related applications.
High-Density Helicon Plasma Science: From Basics To Applications (Springer Series In Plasma Science And Technology Series)
by Shunjiro Shinohara<p>This book highlights a high-density helicon plasma source produced by radio frequency excitation in the presence of magnetic fields, which has attracted considerable attention thanks to its wide applicability in various fields, from basic science to industrial use. Presenting specific applications such as plasma thrusters, nuclear fusion, and plasma processing, it offers a review of modern helicon plasma science for a broad readership.<p> <p>The book covers a wide range of topics, including the fundamental physics of helicon plasma and their cutting-edge applications, based on his abundant and broad experience from low to high temperature plasmas, using various linear magnetized machines and nuclear fusion ones such as tokamaks and reversed field pinches. It first provides a brief overview of the field and a crash course on the fundamentals of plasma, including miscellaneous diagnostics, for advanced undergraduate and early graduate students in plasma science, and presents the basics of helicon plasma for beginners in the field. Further, digesting advanced application topics is also useful for experts to have a quick overview of extensive helicon plasma science research.<p>
High-Density Lipoproteins as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools: Volume 1. Impacts of Lifestyle, Diseases, and Environmental Stressors on HDL
by Kyung-Hyun ChoThis book is the first of two volumes that offer a comprehensive, up-to-date account of current knowledge regarding high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the changes that occur in HDL under different conditions, the clinical applications of HDL, and means of enhancing HDL functionality. HDL comprises a diverse group of lipoproteins and its composition and metabolism are dynamic. In this volume, the focus is on the changes observed in HDL under different health statuses, with particular attention to the functional and structural correlations of HDL and apolipoprotein A-1. The impacts of a wide variety of factors on HDL are examined in depth, covering, for example, diet, exercise, smoking, age, diverse diseases, and different forms of environmental pollution. It has long been known that HDL has anti-atherosclerotic and antidiabetic properties, and more recently its anti-aging activities have been recognized. These benefits of HDL are highly dependent on its lipids, proteins, apolipoproteins, and enzymes, and specifically their composition and ratios. In documenting the latest knowledge in this field, this volume will be of interest to both researchers and clinicians.
High-Density Lipoproteins as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools: Volume 2. Improvement and Enhancement of HDL and Clinical Applications
by Kyung-Hyun ChoThis book is the second of two volumes that offer a comprehensive, up-to-date account of current knowledge regarding high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the changes that occur in HDL under different conditions, the clinical applications of HDL, and means of enhancing HDL functionality. In this volume, the focus is on the improvement of HDL, enhancement of its functionality, and the use of HDL for therapeutic purposes. In the first section, up-to-date information is provided on such topics as the tumor regression-promoting and antidiabetic activities of reconstituted HDL containing V156K apolipoprotein A-I, the enhancement of HDL effects by high doses of vitamin C, the benefits derived from incorporation of growth hormones 1 and 2 into rHDL, and the biological functions of omega-3 linolenic acid in rHDL. The enhancement of HDL functionality by policosanol and the resultant benefits are thoroughly examined in a separate section. Readers will also find the latest information on clinical applications of HDL. Here, specific topics include the enhancement of adenoviral gene delivery and the delivery of rapamycin. In documenting the latest knowledge in this field, this volume will be of interest to both researchers and clinicians.
High-Dimensional Single Cell Analysis
by Harris G. Fienberg Garry P. NolanThis volume highlights the most interesting biomedical and clinical applications of high-dimensional flow and mass cytometry. It reviews current practical approaches used to perform high-dimensional experiments and addresses key bioinformatic techniques for the analysis of data sets involving dozens of parameters in millions of single cells. Topics include single cell cancer biology; studies of the human immunome; exploration of immunological cell types such as CD8+ T cells; decipherment of signaling processes of cancer; mass-tag cellular barcoding; analysis of protein interactions by proximity ligation assays; Cytobank, a platform for the analysis of cytometry data; computational analysis of high-dimensional flow cytometric data; computational deconvolution approaches for the description of intracellular signaling dynamics and hyperspectral cytometry. All 10 chapters of this book have been written by respected experts in their fields. It is an invaluable reference book for both basic and clinical researchers.
High-Efficient Low-Cost Photovoltaics: Recent Developments (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #140)
by Vesselinka Petrova-Koch Rudolf Hezel Adolf GoetzbergerThis book offers a bird’s-eye view of the recent development trends in photovoltaics – a big business field that is rapidly growing and well on its way to maturity. The book describes current efforts to develop highly efficient, low-cost photovoltaic devices based on crystalline silicon, III–V compounds, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and perovskite photovoltaic cells along with innovative, cost-competitive glass/ flexible tubular glass concentrator modules and systems, highlighting recent attempts to develop highly efficient, low-cost, flexible photovoltaic cells based on CIGS and perovskite thin films. This second edition presents, for the first time, the possible applications of perovskite modules together with Augsburger Tubular photovoltaics.
High-Energy Astrophysics
by Fulvio MeliaHigh-Energy Astrophysics provides graduate and advanced undergraduate students with the most complete, self-contained introduction to the subject available. This textbook covers all the essentials, weaving together the latest theory with the experimental techniques, instrumentation, and observational methods astronomers use to study high-energy radiation from space.
High-Energy Astrophysics: A Primer (Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics)
by Jorge Ernesto HorvathThis textbook is designed to serve as a link between the basic disciplines of physics and the frontier topics within high energy astrophysics, aiming at a level of difficulty congruent with that of other physics topics studied at undergraduate level. Therefore, this preparatory and introductory text serves as a gateway to a more detailed study of many of the most interesting and complex phenomena being investigated by contemporary astrophysics. Among others, these include: the evolution of stars, supernovae, neutron stars, black holes, solar neutrinos, and - importantly - the exciting new field of gravitational wave astronomy.The book is supplemented by a collection of problems with which students can test their understanding of the material presented.
High-Energy Atomic Physics
by Evgeny G. Drukarev A. I. MikhailovThis self-contained text introduces readers tothe field of high-energy atomic physics - a new regime of photon-atominteractions in which the photon energies significantly exceed the atomic ormolecular binding energies, and which opened up with the recent advent of newsynchrotron sources. From a theoretical point of view, a small-parametercharacteristic of the bound system emerged, making it possible to performanalytic perturbative calculations that can in turn serve as benchmarks formore powerful numerical computations. The first part of the book introduces readersto the foundations of this new regime and its theoretical treatment. Inparticular, the validity of the small-parameter perturbation expansion and ofthe lowest-order approximation is critically reviewed. The following chaptersthen apply these insights to various atomic processes, such as photoionizationas a many-body problem, dominant mechanisms for the production of ions athigher energies, Compton scattering and ionization accompanied by creation ofe-e+ pairs, and the photoionization of endohedral atoms (e. g. fullerene). Lastbut not least, the computationally challenging transitions in the electronshell during certain types of nuclear decays are investigated in detail.
High-Energy Charged Particles
by Shu Seki Tsuneaki Sakurai Masaaki Omichi Akinori Saeki Daisuke SakamakiThis book features comprehensive explanations from the classical theory of high-energy particle interactions with matter to their use for a novel nanofabrication technique for various organic soft materials. Potential readers include scientists and engineers in both academia and industry, as well as students of materials science, nanotechnology, and nuclear power engineering. Readers will learn about the historical research background of radiation chemistry and interactions of an accelerated particle with matter, and then move on to recent research topics having to do with nanofabrication of soft materials by using single charged particles with high energy. Target materials of the highlighted novel technique include proteins, thermo-responsive and photo-responsive polymers, semiconducting polymers, and even small organic molecules. The descriptions of these various newly developed nanomaterials will interest a broad spectrum of readers and provide them with a new perspective. The many conceptual illustrations and microscopic images of nanomaterials that are included will help readers to easily understand the contents of the book.