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Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Combinatorial Anticancer Therapy
by Shabir Ahmad GanaiThis book reviews the latest developments in the design, synthesis, and molecular mechanism of action of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in the context of potential cancer therapy. HDAC inhibitors are emerging as promising anticancer drug molecules that promote growth arrest, differentiation and apoptosis of cancer cells with tumor selective toxicity. The book begins with an overview of various epigenetic modifying enzymes that are involved in cancer transition and progression; before exploring the potential of HDACs in cancer treatment. It provides a classification of HDAC inhibitors based on their structural attributes, and addresses HDAC-induced cytotoxicity.. Lastly, it discusses and assesses the rationale behind therapies that combine HDAC inhibitors with other anticancer agents to treat solid tumors. Given its scope, it offers a valuable resource for all researchers, clinicians, and students working in formulation, drug discovery, oncology, and personalized medicine.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors — Epidrugs for Neurological Disorders
by Shabir Ahmad GanaiThis book provides an outline of epigenetics as a whole, while also specifically examining a range of epigenetic players, including histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). It chiefly focuses on the emerging targets of HDACs and their implications for various neurological disorders, while also discussing the drawbacks of current therapeutic strategies, the classification of HDAC inhibitors, and their promising effects in connection with specific neurological disorders. The book explores the potential use of these inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents, considers the current challenges involved in using them to tackle neurological complications, and offers a novel solution by designing isoform-selective inhibitors and employing combinatorial therapeutic strategies. Its final section, which explores future directions, elaborates on the possibility of enhancing HDAC inhibitors’ therapeutic efficacy against various neurological complications.
Histone Deacetylases
by Sibaji SarkarThis volume provides different methodologies for all classes of histone deacetylases, which includes detailed procedures on Class I and II histone deacetylase inhibitors, SIRT inhibitors, and bromodomain inhibitors. "Histone Deacetylases: Methods and Protocols" is divided into four sections: Sections A and B describe methodologies used to detect the activity, function, or chromatin location of HDACs 1 through 11, with Section A discussing Class I and Section B discussing class II histone deacetylases; Section C focuses on the methodologies for cloning and characterizing the acetylation of SIRTs 1 through 7; and Section D describes methods related to histone deacetylase inhibitors. Written in the highly successful "Methods in Molecular Biology "series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Thorough and cutting-edge, "Histone Deacetylases: Methods and Protocols, "is a valuable resource for investigators working on epigenetics, molecular biology, and genetics.
Histone Deacetylases: the Biology and Clinical Implication
by Edward Seto Tso-Pang YaoThe book highlights work from many different labs that taught us abnormal HDACs potentially contribute to the development or progression of many human diseases including immune dysfunctions, heart disease, cancer, memory impairment, aging, and metabolic disorders.
Histone Methyltransferases: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2529)
by Raphaël Margueron Daniel HolochThis volume provides methods used to investigate histone methyltransferase function. Chapters guide readers through a comprehensive set of approaches that detail phylogenetic diversity, histone demethylase activities in vitro, generating chromatin substrates, auto-methylation, quantification of metabolites, protein purification, crystallization, X-ray structure, cryogenic electron microscopy, assessing genome-wide patterns, CUT&Tag in mouse embryonic tissues, chemical biology approaches, peptide SPOT arrays, nascent chromatin capture, ectopic protein tethering, computational models, and development of methyltransferase inhibitors. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Histone Methyltransferases: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.
Histone Mutations and Cancer (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1283)
by Dong Fang Junhong HanThis book focuses on histone mutations, especially those mutations closely related to cancer. Genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations contribute to the development of a variety of cancers: recent genetic studies have identified e.g. H3K27M and H3G34R/V mutation in over 75% of DIPG cases, H3.3K36M mutation in more than 90% of chondroblastoma cases, and H3G34W/L mutation in over 90% of giant cell tumors of bone. Given the high incidence and tumorigenesis effects of histone H3 mutations, they are also referred to as oncohistones.This book highlights the advances made in the area over the past 10 years, and offers a state-of-the-art summary of epigenetic alternation, gene expression, protein structure, drug discovery, immunotherapy, and mouse modeling of histone H3 mutations in various tumors. Chiefly intended to provide researchers and graduate students with an overall picture of these mutations, it will also be of interest to researchers in basic oncology, clinical oncology, and epigenetics, as well as academics and clinical oncology practitioners.
Histone Recognition
by Ming-Ming ZhouThis book provides a timely review of the role of histone modifications in epigenetic control of gene expression. Topics covered include: basic mechanisms of molecular recognition of histone post-translational modification (PTMs); combinatorial readout of histone PTMs by tandem epigenome reader domains; genome-wide profiling of histone PTM interactions; small molecule modulation of histone PTM interactions and their potential as a new approach to therapeutic intervention in human diseases. All chapters were written by leading scientists who made the original key discoveries of the structure and mechanism of evolutionarily conserved reader domains, which serve to direct gene transcription in chromatin through interactions with DNA-packing histones in a PTM-sensitive manner.
Histone Variants: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1832)
by Guillermo A. Orsi Geneviève AlmouzniThis volume compiles methodologies used for detailed studies of histone variants, from their basic properties to their functional roles in chromatin and as vectors of epigenetic information. Its four sections cover experimental approaches to probe the biochemistry of histone variants and variant nucleosomes; their dynamics throughout the cell cycle and at specific genomic locations; their functional impact on chromosome organization and genome stability; and their importance in development, disease and evolution. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, illustrations on the expected results, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. This anthology brings together contributions from many of the most highly recognized investigators in this community.Cutting-edge and thorough, Histone Variants: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for anyone interested in exploring the experimental and collaborative possibilities in this evolving field.
Histones
by Benoit Guillemette Luc R. GaudreauThis volume provides a comprehensive list of protocols for molecular biologists, biochemists and geneticists. Chapters cover protocols that further the study into protein complexes that modify chromatin either by adding or removing post-translational modifications, or by exchanging histone variants within the nucleosome. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Histones: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Histones and Other Basic Nuclear Proteins
by Gary S. Stein Janet L. SteinThis comprehensive book is a compilation of Professor Lubomir S. Hnilica's twenty years of research experimentally addressing the chemistry and the biological functions of chromosomal proteins. The histones and other nuclear proteins found associated with DNA in a number of tissues and cell types are featured. Lubomir Hnilica played a major role in establishing the extent to which these basic chromosomal polypeptides are conserved and the manner in which they interact with DNA to modify chromatin structure. In addition, non-histone chromosomal protein research is explained, and his technique of applying several biochemical and immunological approaches to the characterization of this complex and heterogeneous class of chromosomal polypeptides is discussed. Highlighted is the use of chemical crosslinking for studying protein/DNA interactions in intact cells. The proteins as well as the structure, organization, and regulation of the genes are also presented.
Histones: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2919)
by Benoit Guillemette Luc GaudreauThis second edition provides new and updated chapters on histones for molecular biologists, biochemists and geneticists. Chapters cover protein complexes that modify chromatin either by adding or removing post-translational modifications, or by exchanging histone variants within the nucleosome. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, the chapters include brief introductions to the material, lists of necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and a Notes section which highlights tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Histones: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to be comprehensive guide for researchers in the field.
Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infections
by Dalbir Singh S. B. MathurHistopathology of Seed-Borne Infections is the first book to provide comprehensive coverage of seed infection and disease. It includes an up-to-date account on the development and structure of seed, pointing out the structural variations in seeds of the plant families to which most crop plants belong. The text presents techniques and advice for his
Historia de la ciencia (Timelines of Science): Un recorrido visual a través del tiempo
by DKExplora el mundo de la ciencia como nunca antes en esta guía profusamente ilustrada.La historia de la humanidad ha avanzado gracias a los descubrimientos científicos. Desde que nuestros antepasados ??aprendieron a usar herramientas y fuego hasta los avances modernos que han dado forma al mundo en el que vivimos, la ciencia ha definido nuestra historia a lo largo de miles de años. Con bellas ilustraciones y textos claros y fáciles de leer, 'Historia de la ciencia' recorre la historia de la ciencia en todo el mundo y profundiza en la historia de las ideas, prácticas y progresos científicos. Con un enfoque visual y accesible único, este libro muestra como nunca antes cómo se originaron las ideas científicas clave y cómo han dado forma a nuestras vidas.Discover the world of science as never before in this richly illustrated guide.The history of humankind has been driven by scientific discovery. From our distant ancestors learning to use tools and fire for the first time, to the modern breakthroughs that have shaped the world we live in today, science has defined the story of humans for thousands of years. Using beautiful illustrations and clear, easy-to-read text, Timelines of Science explains the history of science as it unfolded around the world, and delves into the story of scientific ideas, practice, and progress one step at a time. Offering a uniquely accessible and visual approach, this book shows as never before where scientific ideas came from and how they have shaped all of our lives.
Historia del veneno: De la cicuta al polonio
by Adela Muñoz PáezCicuta, arsénico, cianuro, talio, polonio... Adela Muñoz realiza un insólito recorrido por los momentos más relevantes de la historia a partir de envenenamientos célebres La fascinación del ser humano por los venenos se remonta al principio de los tiempos. Ya en el antiguo Egipto y en el mundo grecorromano, los tósigos se convirtieron en un arma de poder. En Roma fueron muchos los emperadores que alcanzaron la gloria gracias a ellos: Nerón mató a su madre, Agripina la Menor, quien a su vez había asesina - do al emperador Claudio para conseguir la corona de su hijo. También en la Italia renacentista, y en la Francia de Luis XIV, las pócimas causaron estragos, y reyes, cortesanos y plebeyos perdieron la vida bajo sus efectos. Adela Muñoz nos descubre la composición de los venenos que acabaron con la vida de personajes ilustres como Sócrates, Cleopatra, el emperador Claudio, Rasputín o Adolf Hitler. Una fascinante historia desde la cicuta de la Antigüedad al polonio de nuestros días.
Historic Journeys Into Space (Images of America)
by Lynn M. Homan Thomas ReillyFrom the January 1958 launch of the first American satellite to the creation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by President Eisenhower just a few months later, from the heated space race of the Cold War era to the heroes of shuttle launches, the United States has been on the leading edge of space exploration and technology. Initially developed from one of Adolph Hitler's most feared weapons, the V2 rocket, the space program has accomplished much in just a few short decades. The first American manned space flight, which put astronaut Alan Shepard into space, was launched in 1961; in 1965, Edward White became the first American to walk in space--for a total of 21 minutes. In 1969, Neil Armstrong uttered those now-famous words as he became the first human to walk on the Moon. These and many other achievements, once considered unimaginable, have inspired and amazed the American people and engaged our brightest scientific minds.
Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes
by James S. Albert Roberto E. ReisThe fish faunas of continental South and Central America constitute one of the greatest concentrations of aquatic diversity on Earth, consisting of about 10 percent of all living vertebrate species. Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes explores the evolutionary origins of this unique ecosystem. The chapters address central themes in the study of tropical biodiversity: why is the Amazon basin home to so many distinct evolutionary lineages? What roles do ecological specialization, speciation, and extinction play in the formation of regional assemblages? How do dispersal barriers contribute to isolation and diversification? Focusing on whole faunas rather than individual taxonomic groups, this volume shows that the area's high regional diversity is not the result of recent diversification in lowland tropical rainforests. Rather, it is the product of species accumulating over tens of millions of years and across a continental arena.
Historical Climate Variability and Impacts in North America
by Cary J. Mock Lesley-Ann Dupigny-GirouxClimatologists with an eye on the past have any number of sources for their work, from personal diaries to weather station reports. Piecing together the trajectory of a weather event can thus be a painstaking process taking years and involving real detective work. Missing pieces of a climate puzzle can come from very far afield, often in unlikely places. In this book, a series of case studies examine specific regions across North America, using instrumental and documentary data from the 17th to the 19th centuries. Extreme weather events such as the Sitka hurricane of 1880 are recounted in detail, while the chapters also cover more widespread phenomena such as the collapse of the Low Country rice culture. The book also looks at the role of weather station histories in complementing the instrumental record, and sets out the methods that involve early instrumental and documentary climate data. Finally, the book's focus on North America reflects the fact that the historical climate community there has only grown relatively recently. Up to now, most such studies have focused on Europe and Asia. The four sections begin with regional case studies, and move on to reconstruct extreme events and parameters. This is followed by the role of station history and, lastly, methodologies and other analyses. The editors' aim has been to produce a volume that would be instrumental in molding the next generation of historical climatologists. They designed this book for use by general researchers as well as in upper-level undergraduate or graduate level courses.
Historical Distillates: Chemistry at the University of Toronto Since 1843
by Adrian G. Brook W. A. E. Peter McBrydeHistorical Distillates examines the history of the Chemistry Department at the University of Toronto from its beginnings in 1843, when it was housed in simple quarters in the Parliament Buildings on Front Street and had just one faculty member. During the founding era (1843-1920) three British gentlemen professors guided the department through four homes; between 1920 and 1960 three Canadian heads built a highly influential department. Since 1960 eight chairmen have effectively managed a growing and diverse department while it ventured into exciting new fields and emerging sub-disciplines. New colleges and a Nobel Prize have been highlights of the past two decades. With the completion of recent renovations and additions (such as the Davenport Research Building and Garden), with its distinguished faculty, top-rate staff, and excellent students, and with its dazzling array of equipment to support research, the department’s future indeed looks bright.
Historical Ecology: Learning from the Past to Understand the Present and Forecast the Future of Ecosystems
by Guillaume DecocqThis book addresses present-day landscapes, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity as legacies of the past. It implements an interdisciplinary approach to understand how natural or human-impacted ecological systems have changed over time.Historical Ecology combines theory, methods, regional case studies and syntheses to provide a complete up-to-date overview of historical ecology. Beginning with the crucial role of time and inference from observed patterns, the book critically reviews the main methodological approaches, including monitoring of permanent plots, analysis of old maps, repeat photography, remote sensing, soil analysis, charcoal analysis, botanical indicators, and combinations of these methods applied to forest ecosystems.A series of case studies from various biomes shows how historical ecology can help in understanding today&’s socio-ecosystems, such as mainland and island forests, orchards, tundra and coastal dunes. The book concludes by showing how historical ecology can answer timely fundamental research questions and provide science-based evidence for landscape and ecosystem management.
Historical Environmental Variation in Conservation and Natural Resource Management
by John A. Wiens Gregory D. Hayward Catherine Giffen Hugh D, SaffordIn North America, concepts of Historical Range of Variability are being employed in land-management planning for properties of private organizations and multiple government agencies. The National Park Service, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service, and The Nature Conservancy all include elements of historical ecology in their planning processes. Similar approaches are part of land management and conservation in Europe and Australia. Each of these user groups must struggle with the added complication of rapid climate change, rapid land-use change, and technical issues in order to employ historical ecology effectively. Historical Environmental Variation in Conservation and Natural Resource Management explores the utility of historical ecology in a management and conservation context and the development of concepts related to understanding future ranges of variability. It provides guidance and insights to all those entrusted with managing and conserving natural resources: land-use planners, ecologists, fire scientists, natural resource policy makers, conservation biologists, refuge and preserve managers, and field practitioners. The book will be particularly timely as science-based management is once again emphasized in United States federal land management and as an understanding of the potential effects of climate change becomes more widespread among resource managers.Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/wiens/historicalenvironmentalvariation.
Historical Epistemology and European Philosophy of Science: Rethinking Critical Rationalism and Transcendentalism (Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics #62)
by Fabio MinazziThis book offers a comprehensive analysis on the evolution of philosophy of science, with a special emphasis on the European tradition of the twentieth century. At first, it shows how the epistemological problem of the objectivity of knowledge and axiomatic knowledge have been previously tackled by transcendentalism, critical rationalism and hermeneutics. In turn, it analyses the axiological dimension of scientific research, moving from traditional model of science and of scientific methods, to the construction of a new image of knowledge that leverages the philosophical tradition of the Milan School. Using this historical-epistemological approach, the author rethinks the Kantian Transcendental, showing how it could be better integrated in the current philosophy of science, to answer important questions such as the relationship between science and history, scientific and social perspectives and philosophy and technology, among others. Not only this book provides a comprehensive study of the evolution of European Philosophy of Science in the twentieth century, yet it offers a new, historical and epistemological-based approach, that could be used to answers many urgent questions of contemporary societies.
Historical Evolution Toward Achieving Ultrahigh Vacuum in JEOL Electron Microscopes
by Nagamitsu YoshimuraThis book describes the developmental history of the vacuum system of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) at the Japan Electron Optics Laboratory (JEOL) from its inception to its use in today's high-technology microscopes. The author and his colleagues were engaged in developing vacuum technology for electron microscopes (JEM series) at JEOL for many years. This volume presents a summary and explanation of their work and the technology that makes possible a clean ultrahigh vacuum. The typical users of the TEM are top-level researchers working at the frontiers of new materials or with new biological specimens. They often use the TEM under extremely severe conditions, with problems sometimes occurring in the vacuum system of the microscopes. JEOL engineers then must work as quickly as possible to improve the vacuum evacuation system so as to prevent the recurrence of such problems. Among the wealth of explanatory material in this book are examples of users' reports of problems in the vacuum system of the JEM, such as the occurrence of a micro-discharge and the back-streaming of the diffusion pump (DP) oil vapor. This work is a valuable resource for researchers who use the transmission electron microscope and for engineers and scientists interested in its technology.
Historical Explorations of Modern Epidemiology: Patterns, Populations and Pathologies (Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in Modern History)
by Heini Hakosalo Katariina Parhi Annukka SailoThis volume explores the history of epidemiology from the mid-twentieth century to the present. Epidemiology has exerted major influence on the way that both infectious and chronic diseases are conceptualized and controlled, and, more generally, on the way that people in modern societies think about health, behavior, longevity, and risk. This collection consists of a series of in-depth analyses of the roots, development, and impact of epidemiological research, illuminating the complex relationship between medical research and data on the one hand, and social and cultural factors on the other. The thematical and geographical scope of the book ranges from indigenous and participant perspectives to the visualization of pandemics, and from Circumpolar North to East Africa. The book identifies significant historical changes and the driving forces behind them, charting forms of science-society interaction that characterize modern epidemiology. Chapter 1 and chapter 4 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Historical Geography of Crop Plants: A Select Roster
by Jonathan D. SauerHistorical Geography of Crop Plants is devoted to a variety of staple and food crops, as well as fodder, fiber, timber, rubber, and other crops. The origins and histories of many of these crops have been clarified only recently by new research. The book has been arranged alphabetically by family and higher taxa for easy reference. Within families, species and cultivars are listed chronologically and geographically. The taxonomy and geography of probable wild progenitors have been outlined, and archeological evidence (when available) and historical evidence on region and domestication are traced. The subsequent evolution and spread of many domesticated species are examined, and the reasons behind the diversity in crop histories are explored. Historical Geography of Crop Plants will be a useful reference for botanists, economic botanists, ethnobiologists, agronomists, geographers, and others interested in the subject.
Historical Geography, GIScience and Textual Analysis: Landscapes of Time and Place (Historical Geography and Geosciences)
by Ferenc Gyuris Charles Travis Francis LudlowThis book illustrates how literature, history and geographical analysis complement and enrich each other’s disciplinary endeavors. The Hun-Lenox Globe, constructed in 1510, contains the Latin phrase 'Hic sunt dracones' ('Here be dragons'), warning sailors of the dangers of drifting into uncharted waters. Nearly half a millennium earlier, the practice of ‘earth-writing’ (geographia) emerged from the cloisters of the great library of Alexandria, as a discipline blending the twin pursuits of Strabo’s poetic impression of places, and Herodotus’ chronicles of events and cultures. Eratosthenes, a librarian at Alexandria, and the mathematician Ptolemy employed geometry as another language with which to pursue ‘earth-writing’. From this ancient, East Mediterranean fount, the streams of literary perception, historical record and geographical analysis (phenomenological and Euclidean) found confluence. The aim of this collection is to recover such means and seek the fount of such rich waters, by exploring relations between historical geography, geographic information science (GIS) / geoscience, and textual analysis. The book discusses and illustrates current case studies, trends and discourses in European, American and Asian spheres, where historical geography is practiced in concert with human and physical applications of GIS (and the broader geosciences) and the analysis of text - broadly conceived as archival, literary, historical, cultural, climatic, scientific, digital, cinematic and media. Time as a multi-scaled concept (again, broadly conceived) is the pivot around which the interdisciplinary contributions to this volume revolve. In The Landscape of Time (2002) the historian John Lewis Gaddis posits: “What if we were to think of history as a kind of mapping?” He links the ancient practice of mapmaking with the three-part conception of time (past, present, and future). Gaddis presents the practices of cartography and historical narrative as attempts to manage infinitely complex subjects by imposing abstract grids to frame the phenomena being examined— longitude and latitude to frame landscapes and, occidental and oriental temporal scales to frame timescapes. Gaddis contends that if the past is a landscape and history is the way we represent it, then it follows that pattern recognition constitutes a primary form of human perception, one that can be parsed empirically, statistically and phenomenologically. In turn, this volume reasons that literary, historical, cartographical, scientific, mathematical, and counterfactual narratives create their own spatio-temporal frames of reference. Confluences between the poetic and the positivistic; the empirical and the impressionistic; the epic and the episodic; and the chronologic and the chorologic, can be identified and studied by integrating practices in historical geography, GIScience / geoscience and textual analysis. As a result, new perceptions and insights, facilitating further avenues of scholarship into uncharted waters emerge. The various ways in which geographical, historical and textual perspectives are hermeneutically woven together in this volume illuminates the different methods with which to explore terrae incognitaes of knowledge beyond the shores of their own separate disciplinary islands.