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Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments
by Martin J. Siegert Robert A. Bindschadler Mahlon C. Kennicutt IIPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 192.Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments is the first volume on this important and fascinating subject. With its underlying theme of bridging existing knowledge to future research, it is a benchmark in the history of subglacial lake exploration and study, containing up-to-date discussions about the history and background of subglacial aquatic environments and future exploration. The main topics addressed are identification, location, physiography, and hydrology of 387 subglacial lakes; protocols for environmental stewardship and protection of subglacial lake environments; details of three programs aiming to explore Vostok Subglacial Lake, Ellsworth Subglacial Lake, and Whillans Subglacial Lake over the next 3-5 years; assessment of technological requirements for exploration programs based on best practices for environmental stewardship and scientific success; and knowledge of subglacial lakes as habitats for microbial life and as recorders of past climate and ice sheet change. Its uniqueness, breadth, and inclusiveness will appeal to microbiologists and those interested in life in extreme environments, paleoclimatologists and those interested in sedimentary records of past changes, glaciologists striving to understand how water beneath glaciers affects their flow, and those engaged in developing technology to undertake direct measurement and sampling of extreme environments on Earth and in the solar system.
Antarctic Terrestrial Microbiology: Physical and Biological Properties of Antarctic Soils
by Don A. CowanThis book brings together many of the world's leading experts in the fields of Antarctic terrestrial soil ecology, providing a comprehensive and completely up-to-date analysis of the status of Antarctic soil microbiology. Antarctic terrestrial soils represent one of the most extreme environments on Earth. Once thought to be largely sterile, it is now known that these diverse and often specialized extreme habitats harbor a very wide range of different microorganisms. Antarctic soil communities are relatively simple, but not unsophisticated. Recent phylogenetic and microscopic studies have demonstrated that these communities have well established trophic structuring and play a significant role in nutrient cycling in these cold and often dry desert ecosystems. They are surprisingly responsive to change and potentially sensitive to climatic perturbation. Antarctic terrestrial soils also harbor specialized 'refuge'habitats, where microbial communities develop under (and within) translucent rocks. These cryptic habitats offer unique models for understanding the physical and biological 'drivers' of community development, function and evolution.
Antarctic Whaling: A Case Study in Near Extinction
by John Sheail Paul Rodhouse John DudeneyAntarctic Whaling explores how British whalers came to claim so large a share of the whales taken from the Southern Ocean in the first half of the twentieth century, and, more particularly, where, when, how and why the British Government came to play so large a part in whaling history through its endeavour to regulate the whaling grounds.
Antarctica: Earth's Own Ice World (Springer Praxis Books)
by Michael Carroll Rosaly LopesIn 2016, scientist Rosaly Lopes and artist Michael Carroll teamed up as fellows of the National Science Foundation to travel to Mount Erebus, the world’s southernmost active volcano in Antarctica. The logistics of getting there and complex operations of Antarctica's McMurdo Station echo the kinds of strategies that future explorers will undertake as they set up settlements on Mars and beyond. This exciting popular-level book explores the arduous environment of Antarctica and how it is similar to other icy worlds in the Solar System.The bulk of this story delves into Antarctica’s infrastructure, exploration, and remote camps, culminating on the summit of Erebus. There, the authors explored the caves and ice towers on the volcano’s flanks, taking photographs and generating original art depicting scenes in Antarctica and terrestrial analogs on other planets and moons. Readers will see an intimate side of Mount Erebus and Antarctica while surveying the region’s history, exploration, geology, and volcanology, which includes research funded by the National Science Foundation’s United States Antarctic Programs. Richly illustrated with photographs and stunning paintings showcasing the beauty of the harsh continent, the book captures the spirit and splendor of the authors’ journey to Erebus.
Antarctica: The World's Coolest Science Laboratory
by John LockyerAntarctica: The World's Coolest Science Laboratory by John Lockyer.
Antarctica: A Year of Science
by Racheal Rice Jeffrey B. FuerstThe continent of Antarctica is a cold and dangerous place, with towering glaciers and deep crevasses. In the summer, temperatures reach highs of only 2 degrees Celsius (36 degrees Fahrenheit), while during the winter, temperatures can reach lows of -60 degrees Celsius (-76 degrees Fahrenheit). Yet every year a few hundred scientists brave the elements to conduct important scientific research. What does it take to make the trip--and survive the winter--in Antarctica? (Set of 6 with Teacher's Guides and Text Evidence Question Card)
Antarctica: An Intimate Portrait of a Mysterious Continent
by Gabrielle WalkerThe acclaimed science writer presents a wide-ranging exploration of Antarctica&’s history, nature, and global significance in this &“rollicking good read&” (Kirkus). From the early expeditions of Ernest Shackleton to David Attenborough&’s documentary series Frozen Planet, the continent of Antarctica has captured the world&’s imagination. After the Antarctic Treaty of 1961, decades of scientific research revealed the true extent of its many mysteries. Now former Nature magazine staff writer Gabrielle Walker tells the full story of Antarctica—from its fascinating history to its uncertain future and the international teams of researchers who brave its forbidding climate. Drawing on her broad travels across the continent, Walker weaves all the significant threads of life on the vast ice sheet into a multifaceted narrative, illuminating what it really feels like to be there and why it draws so many different kinds of people. She chronicles cutting-edge science experiments, visits to the South Pole, and unsettling portents about our future in an age of global warming. &“We are all anxious Antarctic watchers now, and Walker's book is the essential primer.&”—The Guardian, UK
Antarctica 2041: My Quest to Save the Earth's Last Wilderness
by Robert Swan Gil ReavillAdventurer-turned-environmentalist Swan illuminates the perils facing the planet come 2041--the year when the international treaty protecting Antarctica is up for review. The author provides information people need to know to understand the world's environmental crisis, and the tools they need to combat it.
Antarctica and the Earth System
by Michael P. Meredith Jess Melbourne-Thomas Naveira Garabato, Alberto C. Marilyn RaphaelThis book presents a state-of-the-art overview of the role that Antarctica and the Southern Ocean play as integral parts of the Earth System.While often characterised as the last great wilderness on Earth, Antarctica is intimately connected to the rest of the planet, exerting key influences on all places and all people. It is also vulnerable to global changes, especially those driven by humans. This book examines how Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are connected to the rest of the planet, and what these connections mean for the future of Planet Earth and all its inhabitants. It transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries to explore this role across physical, ecological, political, and social systems. Drawing on the latest research findings and thinking, the volume identifies the current leading-order challenges across each of these spheres, highlighting areas where enhanced focus is needed. With the role of Antarctica in the Earth System being one of the most relevant themes of our times, this book will help audiences to understand Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in a global perspective.Antarctica and the Earth System will be of great interest to a wide range of interdisciplinary students and scholars of Earth sciences, Antarctic studies, polar science, and environmental management.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
Antarctica as Cultural Critique
by Elena GlasbergArguing that Antarctica is the most mediated place on earth and thus an ideal location for testing the limits of bio-political management of population and place, this book remaps national and postcolonial methods and offers a new look on a 'forgotten' continent now the focus of ecological concern.
La Antártida: El futuro del continente blanco (Colección Endebate #Volumen)
by Sergio RossiUn viaje hasta el corazón de la Antártida a bordo del buque oceanográfico Polarstern. El biólogo Sergio Rossi, uno de los pocos privilegiados que ha pisado la mítica tierra de la Antártida, nos acompaña a bordo del buque alemán Polarstern hasta «el fin del mundo», la zona de Larsen, un lugar que los ojos del hombre no han visto jamás. Nos muestra la fauna y flora que habitan la superficie helada y los fondos marinos del continente blanco, y nos explica la importancia crucial de mantener su equilibrio para poder preservar también el equilibrio del planeta.
Anteater Adventure (True Tales of Rescue)
by Kama EinhornAn up‑close look at what life is like the morning after a terrible hurricane for anteater Abi in this photo‑packed series exploring the stories and science behind animal sanctuaries. Abi takes readers behind the scenes of an anteater sanctuary in Belize in this nonfiction chapter book for elementary‑aged readers. Includes full‑color photos, graphics, and maps.
Antelope Conservation: From Diagnosis to Action
by Jakob Bro-Jorgensen David P. MallonFirst global comprehensive review of this ecologically diverse set of species Conservation of antelopes who serve as prey is critical to ensure conservation of corresponding predator species Ecological diverity of these species ensures that conservation issues from Antelopes can be easily applied to other species Includes state of the art approaches such as molecular techniques and the application of landscape genetics
Antenna Architectures for Future Wireless Devices (Signals and Communication Technology)
by Shiban Kishen Koul Karthikeya G. S.This book presents the design requirements of antenna integration for modern commercial devices such as smartphones, dongles, and access points. Practical use-case scenarios of smartphone and the design process of the antenna system for the same are highlighted. The feasibility of scaling up sub-6GHz to mmWave antennas is also discussed in detail followed by a plethora of design examples which could be panel mounted to modern-day commercial smartphones. The unique requirement of gain switchability is introduced with feasible practical antenna designs. High efficiency antennas for 5G base stations is introduced along with a design example on planar all-metallic antenna. Beam switchability requirement for base station is illustrated with a couple of compact antenna system examples. Variety of feeding techniques for mmWave antennas is elaborated in this book. Finally, low-cost antenna designs for future wireless devices are illustrated.
Antenna Engineering: Theory and Problems
by Boris LevinThe book deals with theoretical and experimental research of antennas. The presentation is based on the electromagnetic theory. It begins with the theory of thin antennas. Thin antennas represent one of the main types of radiators, thus the theory of thin antennas is the basis of the antennas analysis. Special attention is paid to the integral equation of Leontovich-Levin for a current along a straight thin-walled metal cylinder, which is equivalent to the equation of Hallen with a precise kernel. Together with the analysis of various types of antennas, the book deals with the problems of synthesis including the creation a wide-band radiator by means of determining of the types and the magnitudes of concentrated loads, which are connected along a linear radiator and create in a given frequency band high electrical performance. Problems of antenna engineering are discussed in the second half of the book, including the results of application of a compensation method for the protection of humans against irradiation and structural features of ship antennas.
Antenna Fundamentals for Legacy Mobile Applications and Beyond
by Jonathan Rodriguez Issa Elfergani Abubakar Sadiq Hussaini Raed Abd-AlhameedThis book highlights technology trends and challenges that trace the evolution of antenna design, starting from 3rd generation phones and moving towards the latest release of LTE-A. The authors explore how the simple monopole and whip antenna from the GSM years have evolved towards what we have today, an antenna design that is compact, multi-band in nature and caters to multiple elements on the same patch to provide high throughput connectivity. The scope of the book targets a broad range of subjects, including the microstrip antenna, PIFA antenna, and the monopole antenna to be used for different applications over three different mobile generations. Beyond that, the authors take a step into the future and look at antenna requirements for 5G communications, which already has the 5G drive in place with prominent scenarios and use-cases emerging. They examine these, and put in place the challenges that lie ahead for antenna design, particularly in mm-Wave design. The book provides a reference for practicing engineers and under/post graduate students working in this field.
Antenna Systems for Modern Wireless Devices (Signals and Communication Technology)
by Shiban K. Koul S. Swapna G. S. KarthikeyaThis book presents up-to-date information about WLAN antenna designs for students, researchers, and professionals who want to design radiating systems to be deployed for practical coverage. The book primarily focuses on pattern diversity antennas. Pattern diversity antennas are very vital in wireless communication. High correlation between multiple signals can result in low data throughput which can be solved by using antennas with pattern diversity. Beam scanning antennas and their variants are also described in detail. Pattern diversity antenna systems with multiport feeds are also comprehensively discussed in this book. For a multiport system to maintain a reasonable link budget, equal antenna gains are preferred for the required antenna coverage. The book further describes the latest techniques to enhance and equalize the antenna gain within a compact radiating system. With increasing demand for faster connectivity with minimum path loss, the demand for high-gain antennas is rapidly increasing. Thereby a detailed discussion on gain enhancement with the latest high-gain antenna designs is requisite while describing WLAN antennas. Some antenna designs discussed in the book are based on additive manufacturing for their design and fabrication. Additive manufacturing is a much sought-after technology today that allows rapid development of antennas at an affordable cost. Many recent WLAN antennas make use of this technology to develop versatile antenna designs. Finally, the book includes a section on wide-band antenna designs. Antenna designs that reduce the scanning loss are also discussed.
Antennas: From the Theory of Long Lines to Integral Equations
by Boris LevinThis book describes both known and new results. In the sections devoted to the use of integral equations for the current in a linear metal radiator, the focus is on Leontovich's equation. An advantage of this equation is the simplicity of the solution and the absence of the argument φ in it because the integration over φ already performed. The refined solution makes it possible to determine the total sum of the series for the current, which is close to the known solution including only the first terms. The results of the synthesis of different types of antennas with capacitive loads are presented, which makes it possible to implement Hallen's hypothesis about the usefulness of applying such loads to create an in-phase current distribution in antennas and to obtain required characteristics.New results include the widespread use of the complex potential method in relation to the calculation of capacitive structures in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media, antenna patterns and flows of electrical fields between antenna elements and in the surrounding space. In particular, the analysis of field flows makes it possible to substantiate a rigorous method for analyzing microstrip antennas. The characteristics of antennas in various conditions of their installation are considered and compared. The results of the use of multi-floors structures that provide in the wide frequency range the radiation in direction perpendicular to the antenna axis, and structures that make it possible to reduce the mutual influence of antennas located at different heights on a common mast are described.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Throughout the Life Span
by Mustafa Karahan Sachin R. Tapasvi Annunziato Amendola Can Doruk Basa João Espregueira-Mendes Jonathan D. HughesThis book uniquely addresses anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury – one of the leading issues in orthopedic sports medicine – throughout the lifespan, with a focus on differences depending on age and activity levels.It provides readers with fundamental knowledge, such as anatomy histology and biomechanics, as well as with diagnostic criteria specific for each age group and activity level – from pediatrics through adolescents to adults and high-level athletes. Furthermore, international experts present diverse prevention and injury management criteria as well as state-of-the-art surgical techniques based on the expectations of each age and lifestyle group. Designed to be an easy-to-read reference guide, this book presents fundamental concepts in the management of ACL injuries. It appeals to a broad readership ranging from orthopedic surgeons, residents and sports physicians to athletic trainers and all professionals involved in rehabilitation following ACL injuries.
Antes del Big Bang
by Martin BojowaldEn su conocida obra Historia del tiempo, Stephen Hawking afirmaba que preguntar qué había antes del origen del universo es tan absurdo como preguntar qué hay al norte del polo Norte. Desde Einstein, el big bang era la última frontera que ningún físico se atrevía a cruzar. Incluso para la teoría general de la relatividad ese punto es considerado una singularidad que no se puede calcular y cuyas reglas físicas no están definidas. Es el punto en que comienza para nosotros el universo.Pese a todo ello, seguimos haciéndonos la misma pregunta: ¿Qué había antes del big bang? ¿Cómo nació el universo?El joven físico Martin Bojowald da respuesta gráficamente y sin fórmulas. Sus descubrimientos asombrosos sobre un mundo desconocido y emocionante, con tiempo negativo, inversión de la orientación espacial y un cosmos que se contrae para expandirse después del big bang actualizan viejos modelos cosmológicos sobre los ciclos de expansión y colapso del universo.«Bojowald consigue lo que Einstein y sus sucesores no consiguieron: llegar al punto temporal cero.»Wissenschaft im Brennpunkt
Anthocyanins: Biosynthesis, Functions, and Applications (Advances In Botanical Research Ser. #Volume 37)
by Kevin Gould Kevin M Davies Chris WinefieldIn recent years there has been an unprecedented expansion of knowledge about anthocyanins pigments. Indeed, the molecular genetic control of anthocyanins biosynthesis is now one of the best understood of all secondary metabolic pathways. There have also been substantial improvements in analytical technology that have led to the discovery of novel anthocyanin compounds. Armed with this knowledge and the tools for genetic engineering, plant breeders are now introducing vibrant new colors into horticultural crops. The food industry has also benefited from the resurgence of interest in anthocyanins. A greater understanding of the chemistry of these pigments has led to improved methods for stabilizing the color of anthocyanins extracts, so that they are more useful as food colorings. Methods for the bulk production of anthocyanins from cell cultures have been optimized for this purpose. Possible benefits to human health from the ingestion of anthocyanin-rich foods have also been a major feature of the recent scientific literature. Anthocyanins are remarkably potent antioxidants, and their ingestion has been postulated to stave off the effects of oxidative stress. These pigments, especially in conjunction with other flavonoids, have been associated with reductions in the incidence and severity of many other non-infectious diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. An industry is developing around anthocyanins as nutritional supplements. Finally, there has been significant progress in our understanding of the benefits of anthocyanins to plants themselves. Originally considered an extravagance without a purpose, anthocyanins are now implicated in multifarious vital functions. These include the attraction of pollinators and frugivores, aposematic defense from herbivores, and protection from environmental stressors such as strong light, UVB, drought, and free radical attacks. Anthocyanins are evidently highly versatile, and enormously useful to plants. This book covers all aspects of the biosynthesis and function of anthocyanins (and related compounds such as proanthocyanidins) in plants, and their applications in agriculture, food products, and human health. Featured areas include their relevance to: * Plant stress * Flower and fruit color * Human health * Wine quality and health attributes * Food colorants and ingredients * Cell culture production systems * The pastoral sector
Anthocyanins: Chemistry, Processing & Bioactivity
by Bin Li Fang Chen Wei Chen Li Wang Weibin Bai Chi ShuThis book summarizes the current knowledge of anthocyanins, provides systematic information for future exploration of anthocyanin applications. It focuses on several aspects regarding the studying progression in the field of anthocyanins. The first section of the book provides a brief introduction to the scope and progress on anthocyanins, which is followed by the second section that describes the natural sources, structure, extraction approaches, bioavailability, and current stabilizing approach of anthocyanins. Then in the third part, the book focuses on the industrial processing of anthocyanins in foods by discussing the impact of food processing on anthocyanin structure and composition as well as classical processing techniques on anthocyanin-containing foods, including high-pressure, encapsulation, microwave, and combined application of the above techniques. In the last section of the book, the authors explore the currently most popular application of anthocyanins in improving human health, such as the effect of anthocyanin on vision, metabolism, neural system, cardiovascular system, and cancers. The book will facilitate readers’ understanding of the progress of anthocyanin studies. And it will benefit researchers and graduate students in the fields of natural products, functional food, and nutrition, etc.
Anthocyanins and Human Health: Biomolecular and therapeutic aspects (SpringerBriefs in Food, Health, and Nutrition #0)
by Bashar Saad Muhammad Zia Ul Haq Muhammad RiazThis Brief presents comprehensive coverage of anthocyanins. The text covers the scientific literature and clinical significance of this Flavonoid sub-group, with a special focus on their therapeutic aspects. In focusing on secondary metabolites in plants, this work aims to cover the resulting therapeutic potential for humans by referencing the numerous herbal-derived substances which have been evaluated and the rapidly growing data on the interactions of anthocyanins with the microbiome. Anthocyanins and Human Health: Biomolecular and therapeutic aspects covers all angles of biomolecular, in vitro and in vivo anthocyanins from their general chemical structure to their use as a coloring agent. The intake, metabolism and secretion of anthocyanins in the human body are covered in-depth, as are the biosynthetic pathways through which these compounds are synthesized in the natural system. Factors affecting stability and extraction are listed, and health related uses and biological activities are covered in great detail. Present and future trends in anthocyanins research are also presented.
Anthocyanins in Fruits, Vegetables, and Grains: G. Mazza, Enrico Miniati
by Giuseppe MazzaThis text is a comprehensive reference covering the chemistry, physiology, chemotaxonomy, biotechnology and food technology aspects of the anthocyanins. Topics discussed include types of anthocyanins, structural transformations, colour stabilization and intensification factors, biosynthesis and intensification factors, biosynthesis, analysis and functions of anthocyanins. An in-depth review of the literature discussing anthocyanins of fruits, cereals, legumes, roots, tubers, bulbs, cole crops, oilseeds, herbs, spices, and minor crops is included as well
An Anthology of Exquisite Birds (DK Children's Anthologies)
by Ben HoareSoar through the sky with best-selling author Ben Hoare and discover some of the most exquisite birds on our planet.From the miniature bee hummingbird that flaps its wings 200 times a second, to the oilbird that navigates pitch-black caves using echolocation, this stunning collection showcases more than 90 of the world's most extraordinary birds. Detailed photography is paired with storybook descriptions that will captivate young readers, whether it's finding out about condors and cuckoos or swans and starlings. Features on eggs, feathers, nests, and other key topics explore the enormous variety of avian adaptations. There is also a visual index packed with reference information, including the size and range of each species.With foil on the cover, gilded edges, and a ribbon for keeping your place, An Anthology of Exquisite Birds makes a beautiful gift for any child who is fascinated by birds. It's ideal for young readers to explore by themselves or perfect for bedtime stories.