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Luminescence Signal Analysis Using Python
by Vasilis PagonisThis book compiles and presents a complete package of open-access Python software code for luminescence signal analysis in the areas of radiation dosimetry, luminescence dosimetry, and luminescence dating. Featuring more than 90 detailed worked examples of Python code, fully integrated into the text, 16 chapters summarize the theory and equations behind the subject matter, while presenting the practical Python codes used to analyze experimental data and extract the various parameters that mathematically describe the luminescence signals. Several examples are provided of how researchers can use and modify the available codes for different practical situations. Types of luminescence signals analyzed in the book are thermoluminescence (TL), isothermal luminescence (ITL), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL), timeresolved luminescence (TR) and dose response of dosimetric materials. The open-access Python codes are available at GitHub.The book is well suited to the broader scientific audience using the tools of luminescence dosimetry: physicists, geologists, archaeologists, solid-state physicists, medical physicists, and all scientists using luminescence dosimetry in their research. The detailed code provided allows both students and researchers to be trained quickly and efficiently on the practical aspects of their work, while also providing an overview of the theory behind the analytical equations.
Luminescent and Photoactive Transition Metal Complexes as Biomolecular Probes and Cellular Reagents
by Kenneth Kam-Wing LoThe series Structure and Bonding publishes critical reviews on topics of research concerned with chemical structure and bonding. The scope of the series spans the entire Periodic Table and addresses structure and bonding issues associated with all of the elements. It also focuses attention on new and developing areas of modern structural and theoretical chemistry such as nanostructures, molecular electronics, designed molecular solids, surfaces, metal clusters and supramolecular structures. Physical and spectroscopic techniques used to determine, examine and model structures fall within the purview of Structure and Bonding to the extent that the focus is on the scientific results obtained and not on specialist information concerning the techniques themselves. Issues associated with the development of bonding models and generalizations that illuminate the reactivity pathways and rates of chemical processes are also relevant. The individual volumes in the series are thematic. The goal of each volume is to give the reader, whether at a university or in industry, a comprehensive overview of an area where new insights are emerging that are of interest to a larger scientific audience. Thus each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years should be presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. A description of the physical basis of the experimental techniques that have been used to provide the primary data may also be appropriate, if it has not been covered in detail elsewhere. The coverage need not be exhaustive in data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the new principles being developed that will allow the reader, who is not a specialist in the area covered, to understand the data presented. Discussion of possible future research directions in the area is welcomed. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research scientists at universities or in industry, graduate students Special offer For all customers who have a standing order to the print version of Structure and Bonding, we offer free access to the electronic volumes of the Series published in the current year via SpringerLink.
Luminescent Materials: A Quantum Chemical Approach for Computer-Aided Discovery and Design (Springer Series in Materials Science #322)
by Zoila Barandiarán Jonas Joos Luis SeijoThis book describes a unique combination of quantum chemical methods for calculating the basic physical properties of luminescent materials, or phosphors. These solid inorganic materials containing an optically active dopant are key players in several major fields of societal interest, including energy-efficient lighting, solar cells, and medical imaging. The novel ab initio methods described in this book are especially designed to target the crowded and complex electronic excited states of lanthanide activators in inorganic solids. The book is well suited to both new and experienced researchers alike and appeals to a broad range of theoretical and experimental backgrounds. The material presented enables an adept understanding of elaborate calculations, which, in tandem with experiments, give essential insight into difficult luminescence problems and quandaries, thus fully preparing the reader for an educated search for new functional luminescent materials
Luminescent Spectroscopy of Proteins
by Eugene A. PermyakovLuminescent Spectroscopy of Proteins is devoted to the method of intrinsic protein luminescence, one of the most popular experimental methods in modern biophysics and biochemistry. The book discusses general physical principles of the luminescence method; spectral properties of the main protein chromophores; and protein luminescence and its use for studies on structural, physico-chemical, and functional properties of proteins. Principles of luminescent spectroscopy are illustrated by real-life applications and problems. Luminescent Spectroscopy of Proteins will be an excellent reference for biophysicists, biochemists, analytical chemists, and other scientists interested in this topic.
Luminescent Thermometers: Fundamentals, Materials and Applications
by Pragati Kumar Nupur Saxena Sanjay J. Dhoble Hendrik C. SwartLuminescent Thermometers deals with all aspects of the subject from principles of methods to their applications in different areas. This book familiarizes the readers with the fundamentals of luminescence thermometry, materials used for the development of different luminescence thermometers, viz. metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) including lanthanide-doped MOFs referred as LOFs, quantum dots (QDs), rare earth-doped phosphors, and upconversion phosphors. Further, some advanced and next generation approaches for luminescent thermometers such as carbon-based materials, nanocomposites, double perovskites and garnet systems are assimilated. The applications of luminescent thermometers in temperature sensing of biological cells and tumors, thermal imaging of biological cells, flexible temperature sensors, health monitoring with wearable thermometers, and environmental monitoring are the key features of this volume. It is a valuable contribution to the literature for material scientists and engineers in academia and R&D as well as researchers working in biology and environment science.Key Features: Covers entire range of luminescent thermometers from fundamentals to applications Describes state-of-the-art of materials and next generation approaches for luminescence-based nanothermometery Discusses the high-end utilities of luminescent thermometers in different aspects of human life are discussed
Luminescent Thermometry: Applications and Uses
by Joan Josep Carvajal Martí Maria Cinta Pujol BaigesThis book is a detailed, state-of-the-art account of the applications and uses of luminescence thermometry. It covers a wide range of fields, including biomedicine, biology, and catalysis. The book also explains the luminescence thermometric parameters used to sense temperature via luminescence with different materials, analyzing the different strategies used to improve thermal sensitivity and temperature resolution.The readers of this book are any researcher interested in the field, because of its topical coverage, as well as bachelor and graduate students, as an introduction to this novel field. The book ends with a general critical analysis of the results presented, where the editors discuss about the challenges and opportunities in the development of these highly sensitive new class of thermometers.
Luminosity Measurement at the Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment of the LHC (Springer Theses)
by Olena KarachebanThis book describes the application of a novel technology for beam instrumentation and luminosity measurement and first results on a cutting edge technology potentially to be used after the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider to higher luminosity.It presents a unique diamond-based luminometer with a detailed performance study.The online bunch-by-bunch luminosity measurements provide an invaluable feedback to the Collider for beam optimisation and for the understanding of beam dynamics.The precision of the luminosity measurement is crucial for all physics analyses. This book highlights the Van der Meer method, which is used for the calibration of the luminometers of the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment, and describes the estimate of systematic uncertainties, e.g. due to radiation damage of sensors and electronics and uncertainties of beam parameters.For the future high-luminosity upgrade of the collider, sapphire sensors are investigated in a test beam. It is demonstrated for the first time that sapphire sensors can be used as single particle detectors. A model for the charge transport in sapphire is developed and successfully applied.
Luminous Chemical Vapor Deposition and Interface Engineering (Surfactant Science)
by Hirotsugu YasudaProviding in-depth coverage of the technologies and various approaches, Luminous Chemical Vapor Deposition and Interface Engineering showcases the development and utilization of LCVD procedures in industrial scale applications. It offers a wide range of examples, case studies, and recommendations for clear understanding of this innovative science.
Luna Cognita: A Comprehensive Observer’s Handbook of the Known Moon
by Robert A. GarfinkleThis comprehensive three-volume set takes you on an incomparable journey of our closest celestial neighbor. Not since the golden age of 19th-century lunar guidebooks has one author managed to cover the Moon in such detail as this all-in-one handbook. The handbook begins with a section on the Moon’s place in human history, mythology and lore, before gravitating closer to the Moon itself through scientific sections on the Earth-Moon system, lunar motions and cycles. Following these are technical chapters on how to purchase, use and care for lunar observing and photography equipment. Techniques for observing the Moon (both with the naked eye and optical instruments) are detailed as the reader approaches the Moon’s surface on this visual tour-de-force. A close-up exploration of the Moon is the result. The “crater-hop” chapters discuss the physical aspects of the Moon’s features, offering brief biographical information on the person for whom the feature is named, as well as how each individual was involved in the development of science and selenography from ancient to modern times. Luna Cognita goes far beyond any recent work in both breadth and depth of coverage on the Moon. Written in an accessible, engaging manner for readers of all backgrounds and levels of expertise, this handbook is thus an invaluable resource for anybody who looks up at the glowing sphere in the night sky and wants to learn more about the “Known Moon.”
Lunar and Interplanetary Trajectories
by Robin BiesbroekThisbook provides readers with a clear description of the types of lunar andinterplanetary trajectories, and how they influence satellite-system design. The description follows an engineering rather than a mathematical approach andincludes many examples of lunar trajectories, based on real missions. It helpsreaders gain an understanding of the driving subsystems of interplanetary andlunar satellites. The tables and graphs showing features of trajectories makethe book easy to understand.
Lunar and Planetary Cartography in Russia
by Vladislav Shevchenko Zhanna Rodionova Gregory MichaelThis book is the first to document in depth the history of lunar and planetary cartography in Russia. The first map of the far side of the Moon was made with the participation of Lomonosov Moscow University (Sternberg Astronomical Institute, MSU) in 1960. The developed mapping technologies were then used in preparing the "Complete Map of the Moon" in 1967 as well as other maps and globes. Over the years, various maps of Mars have emerged from the special course "Mapping of extraterrestrial objects" in the MSU Geography Department, including the hypsometric map of Mars at a scale of 1:26,000,000, compiled by J. A. Ilyukhina and published in 2004 in an edition of 5,000 copies. A more detailed version of this map has since been produced with a new hypsometric scale. In addition, maps of the northern and southern hemispheres of Mars have been compiled for the hypsometric globe of Mars. Relief maps of Venus were made in 2008, 2010, and 2011, and hypsometric maps of Phobos and Deimos at a scale of 1:60,000 were published in 2011. History of Lunar and Planetary Cartography in Russia provides detailed information on the compilation of this diverse range of maps and will be of interest to all lunar and planetary cartographers.
Lunar Commerce: A Primer
by Derek WebberThis book explores the advent of lunar commerce including the potential scale and timing of the initiative, the associated revenue potential and the potential risks and uncertainties. Specifically, it discusses the reason for the increased interest in lunar commerce, which lunar markets will be part of the initiative and how much of it will be commercial or dependent on government funding. It provides an easy introduction to the content of the Lunar Commerce Portfolio, which was recently issued, under the author's leadership, by the Working Group on Lunar Commerce and Economics of the Moon Village Association, which has Observer Status at the United Nations in Vienna.
Lunar Domes: Properties and Formation Processes
by Christian Wöhler Jim Phillips Maria Teresa Chiocchetta Raffaello LenaLunar domes are structures of volcanic origin which are usually difficult to observe due to their low heights. The Lunar Domes Handbook is a reference work on these elusive features. It provides a collection of images for a large number of lunar domes, including telescopic images acquired with advanced but still moderately intricate amateur equipment as well as recent orbital spacecraft images. Different methods for determining the morphometric properties of lunar domes (diameter, height, flank slope, edifice volume) from image data or orbital topographic data are discussed. Additionally, multispectral and hyperspectral image data are examined, providing insights into the composition of the dome material. Several classification schemes for lunar domes are described, including an approach based on the determined morphometric quantities and spectral analyses. Furthermore, the book provides a description of geophysical models of lunar domes, which yield information about the properties of the lava from which they formed and the depth of the magma source regions below the lunar surface.
Lunar Impact: The NASA History of Project Ranger (Dover Books on Astronomy)
by Paul Dickson R. Cargill HallAmerica's first successful attempt at unmanned lunar exploration, Project Ranger culminated in close-up television images of the moon's surface. Sponsored by NASA and executed by the Jet Propulsion Lab, the project ran from 1959 to 1965 and produced management techniques, flight operating procedures, and technology employed by later space missions.This official NASA publication presents the complete history of the nine Project Ranger missions. Author R. Cargill Hall, the historian of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, offers an authoritative account of the evolution and operations of the continuing program of unmanned exploration of deep space. More than 100 photographs depict key personnel and illustrate rockets and a range of other equipment. Nine helpful appendixes feature a fascinating array of source documents.
Lunar Meteoroid Impacts and How to Observe Them
by Brian CudnikThe face of the Moon we see today has been substantially etched by the effects of meteor impacts. Craters on the Moon are the result of ancient impacts with large meteorites - or small asteroid-like bodies - which produced both primary craters (where the meteorites hit) and secondary craters (where material hurled high above the surface crashed back down). Even some of the vast lunar "seas" - actually basalt plains from ancient volcanic eruptions - may have been the result of impacts that triggered lava outflows. The era of major impacts on the Moon may have passed, but lunar meteorites may well be the cause of what are known as Lunar Transient Phonomena ("LTP" or sometimes "TLP") flashes and puffs of gas or vaporized rock or dust that are observed on the Moon's surface. This book looks at the way the Moon has been shaped by meteorites, proposes lunar meteorites as the most likely cause of most LTPs and describes in practical detail how amateur astronomers can observe impacts on the Moon, past and current.
Lunar Outfitters: Making the Apollo Space Suit
by Bill AyreyThe design processes behind a giant leap for mankind Neil Armstrong in a space suit on the moon remains an iconic representation of America’s technological ingenuity. Few know that the Model A-7L pressure suit worn by the Apollo 11 astronauts, and the Model A-7LB that replaced it in 1971, originated at ILC Industries (now ILC Dover, LP), an obscure Delaware industrial firm.Longtime ILC space suit test engineer Bill Ayrey draws on original files and photographs to tell the dramatic story of the company’s role in the Apollo Program. Though respected for its early designs, ILC failed to win NASA’s faith. When the government called for new suit concepts in 1965, ILC had to plead for consideration before NASA gave it a mere six weeks to come up with a radically different design. ILC not only met the deadline but won the contract. That underdog success led to its greatest challenge: winning a race against time to create a suit that would determine the success or failure of the Apollo missions—and life or death for the astronauts. A fascinating behind-the-scenes history of a vital component of the space program, Lunar Outfitters goes inside the suit that made it possible for human beings to set foot on the moon.
Lunching with Leeches
by Lela StanleyMost people wouldn't want to be bitten by a leech. But can they be used for good? This article discusses leeches and their history of helping doctors and scientists.
Lung Biology and Pathophysiology (Methods in Signal Transduction Series)
by Yutong ZhaoThe lungs are the organ for gas exchange between the body and the external environment. Dysfunction of upper airway epithelium and smooth muscle cells leads to pathogenesis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and other conditions, resulting in airway inflammation and narrowing. Injury to alveolar epithelium and endothelium causes influx of neutrophil and protein-rich fluid from circulation, resulting in edema and disruption of gas exchange. In addition to lung structural cells, immune cells, including alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes play critical roles in the maintenance of lung function. This book contributes to the understanding homeostasis of lung cells in the physiological and pathological conditions critical to the development of novel therapeutics.Key Features Highlights the role the lungs play as an interface between the body and the environment Describes the underlying mechanism of lung diseases Emphasizes the ways nutrition contributes to lung health as well as the ways pollution adversely affect lung function Includes contributions from leading researchers Chapters 8 and 13 of this book are available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Lung Cancer: New Understandings and Therapies (Current Cancer Research)
by Anne C. Chiang Roy S. HerbstLung cancer has seen a paradigm shift in disease treatment over the past few years, with major changes in the therapeutic drugs now available as well as in the overall management approach. For targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches, understanding the biology of acquired resistance is a key strategy that has yielded productive advances in the subsequent treatment. Future advances also include incorporating biomarker data obtained from solid and liquid biopsies, as well as combination of immunotherapy with radiotherapy and in special populations such patients with CNS involvement.
Lung Cancer:
by David J. StewartThis comprehensive resource provides authoritative knowledge of the most up-to-date prevention and treatment strategies for thoracic malignancies. Established and investigational therapies are placed in the context of tumor biology for a full understanding of the pharmacogenetics, etiology, and changing epidemiology of lung cancer. Expert clinicians detail the function of predictive and prognostic factors in the utilization of chemo-radiotherapy, adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment, and targeted agents. The promises and potential pitfalls of investigational strategies are evaluated with exceptional insight and clarity, with unique attention paid to the mechanisms of drug resistance and targets for lung cancer treatment and prevention. Lung Cancer: Prevention, Management, and Emerging Therapies engages the entire spectrum of therapeutic modalities with focus on systemic approaches. Disease coverage includes newly diagnosed and recurrent non-small cell lung cancer, small cell carcinoma, and mesothelioma. Critical examination of the impact, methodology, and design of clinical trials is presented along with new paradigms for personalized approaches and individual risk assessment.
Lung Cancer Imaging
by James G. RavenelWhile specialists often guide the care to lung cancer patients, it is often a general radiologist who is left to interpret studies that impact patient care and management. Lung Cancer Imaging provides a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis, staging and overview of the management of lung cancer relevant to practicing radiologists so that they can better understand the decision making issues and provide more directed and useful communication to the treating physicians. It Primary Care physicians will also find this book valuable to understand the relevant issues that they face when one of their patients is being treated for lung cancer.
Lung Cancer Pathophysiology: An Interdisciplinary Approach (Interdisciplinary Cancer Research #8)
by Nima RezaeiLung cancer is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of deaths worldwide. The eighth volume of the “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series, entitled “Lung Cancer Pathophysiology: An Interdisciplinary Approach” publishes comprehensive reviews on the mechanisms of lung cancer. Fundamental elements of a lung cancer multidisciplinary team are discussed. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition in lung cancer, and the roles of tumor immune microenvironment, NK cells, RNA, micro-RNA, and long-non coding RNA in lung cancer are explained. A comprehensive genomic profiling in lung cancer in the era of immunotherapy approaches is also provided in this volume. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers working on oncology. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value to researchers, oncologists, and oncosurgeons who wish to extend their knowledge on lung cancer.
Lung Imaging and CADx
by Ayman El-Baz Jasjit SuriDeveloping an effective computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for lung cancer is of great clinical importance and can significantly increase the patient's chance for survival. For this reason, CAD systems for lung cancer have been investigated in a large number of research studies. A typical CAD system for lung cancer diagnosis is composed of four main processing steps: segmentation of the lung fields, detection of nodules inside the lung fields, segmentation of the detected nodules, and diagnosis of the nodules as benign or malignant. This book overviews the current state-of-the-art techniques that have been developed to implement each of these CAD processing steps. Overviews the latest state-of-the-art diagnostic CAD systems for lung cancer imaging and diagnosis Offers detailed coverage of 3D and 4D image segmentation Illustrates unique fully automated detection systems coupled with 4D Computed Tomography (CT) Written by authors who are world-class researchers in the biomedical imaging sciences Includes extensive references at the end of each chapter to enhance further study Ayman El-Baz is a professor, university scholar, and chair of the Bioengineering Department at the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky. He earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in electrical engineering in 1997 and 2001, respectively. He earned his doctoral degree in electrical engineering from the University of Louisville in 2006. In 2009, he was named a Coulter Fellow for his contributions to the field of biomedical translational research. He has 17 years of hands-on experience in the fields of bio-imaging modeling and noninvasive computer-assisted diagnosis systems. He has authored or coauthored more than 500 technical articles (132 journals, 23 books, 57 book chapters, 211 refereed-conference papers, 137 abstracts, and 27 U.S. patents and disclosures). Jasjit S. Suri is an innovator, scientist, a visionary, an industrialist, and an internationally known world leader in biomedical engineering. He has spent over 25 years in the field of biomedical engineering/devices and its management. He received his doctorate from the University of Washington, Seattle, and his business management sciences degree from Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. He was awarded the President’s Gold Medal in 1980 and named a Fellow of the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering for his outstanding contributions in 2004. In 2018, he was awarded the Marquis Life Time Achievement Award for his outstanding contributions and dedication to medical imaging and its management.
Lung Imaging and Computer Aided Diagnosis
by Ayman El-Baz Jasjit S. SuriLung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early diagnosis can improve the effectiveness of treatment and increase a patient's chances of survival. Thus, there is an urgent need for new technology to diagnose small, malignant lung nodules early as well as large nodules located away from large diameter airways because
Lung Inflammation in Health and Disease, Volume I (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1303)
by Yong-Xiao WangRespiratory diseases are leading causes of death and disability globally, with about 65 million people suffering from COPD, and 334 million from asthma, the most common chronic disease. Each year, tens of millions of people develop and can die from from respiratory infections such as pneumonia and TB. Systemic inflammation may induce and exacerbate local inflammatory diseases in the lungs, and local inflammation can in turn cause systemic inflammation. There is increasing evidence of the coexistence of systemic and local inflammation in patients suffering from asthma, COPD, and other lung diseases, and the co-morbidity of two or more local inflammatory diseases often occurs. For example, rheumatoid arthritis frequently occurs together with, and promotes the development of, pulmonary hypertension. This co-morbidity significantly impacts quality of life, and can result in death for those affected.Current treatment options for lung disease are neither effective, nor condition-specific; there is a desperate need for novel therapeutics in the field. Additionally, the molecular and physiological significance of most major lung diseases is not well understood, which further impedes development of new treatments, especially in the case of coexistent lung diseases with other inflammatory diseases. Great progress has been made in recent years in many areas of the field, particularly in understanding the molecular geneses, regulatory mechanisms, signalling pathways, and cellular processes within lung disease, as well as basic and clinical technology, drug discovery, diagnoses, treatment options, and predictive prognoses. This is the first text to aggregate these developments. In two comprehensive volumes, experts from all over the world present state-of-the-art advances in the study of lung inflammation in health and disease. Contributing authors cover well-known as well as emerging topics in basic, translational, and clinical research, with the aim of providing researchers, clinicians, professionals, and students with new perspectives and concepts. The editors hope these books will also help to direct future research in lung disease and other inflammatory diseases, and result in the development of novel therapeutics.