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Molecular Dynamics of Plant Stress and its Management
by Muhammad Shahid Rajarshi GaurThis edited volume focuses on the study of stress in plants and how it can be effectively managed. With the growing global population, the importance of crop yield and stress management has become a critical issue, and this book offers solutions to these challenges. The book explores the impact of abiotic and biotic stressors on plant growth and development, including drought, salinity, temperature stress, pests, and diseases. It also examines the role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in developing stress-tolerant plants. It offers insights on the latest research and advancements in plant breeding, genomics, and proteomics, which are essential in developing crops that can withstand harsh environmental conditions. It offers solutions for managing these challenges, including genetic engineering, proteomics, and genomics. The book provides a detailed overview of the latest research and advancements in plant stress management and offers practical advice on how to apply these findings in real-world scenarios. It explores the impact of climate change on agricultural production and provides insights on how to develop stress-tolerant crops that can withstand changing environmental conditions. With its comprehensive coverage of the latest research and practical insights, the book is an invaluable guide for students, researchers, and professionals looking to develop sustainable agricultural practices and ensure food security for future generations.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanostructured Materials: An Understanding of Mechanical Behavior
by Bankim Chandra Ray Snehanshu PalMolecular dynamics simulation is a significant technique to gain insight into the mechanical behavior of nanostructured (NS) materials and associated underlying deformation mechanisms at the atomic scale. The purpose of this book is to detect and correlate critically current achievements and properly assess the state of the art in the mechanical behavior study of NS material in the perspective of the atomic scale simulation of the deformation process. More precisely, the book aims to provide representative examples of mechanical behavior studies carried out using molecular dynamics simulations, which provide contributory research findings toward progress in the field of NS material technology.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Statistical Physics: Theory and Applications (Scientific Computation)
by Hiqmet KamberajThis book presents computer simulations using molecular dynamics techniques in statistical physics, with a focus on macromolecular systems. The numerical methods are introduced in the form of computer algorithms and can be implemented in computers using any desired computer programming language, such as Fortran 90, C/C++, and others. The book also explains how some of these numerical methods and their algorithms can be implemented in the existing computer programming software of macromolecular systems, such as the CHARMM program. In addition, it examines a number of advanced concepts of computer simulation techniques used in statistical physics as well as biological and physical systems. Discussing the molecular dynamics approach in detail to enhance readers understanding of the use of this method in statistical physics problems, it also describes the equations of motion in various statistical ensembles to mimic real-world experimental conditions. Intended for graduate students and research scientists working in the field of theoretical and computational biophysics, physics and chemistry, the book can also be used by postgraduate students of other disciplines, such as applied mathematics, computer sciences, and bioinformatics. Further, offering insights into fundamental theory, it as a valuable resource for expert practitioners and programmers and those new to the field.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Disordered Materials
by Carlo Massobrio Jincheng Du Marco Bernasconi Philip S. SalmonThis book is a unique reference work in the area of atomic-scale simulation of glasses. For the first time, a highly selected panel of about 20 researchers provides, in a single book, their views, methodologies and applications on the use of molecular dynamics as a tool to describe glassy materials. The book covers a wide range of systems covering "traditional" network glasses, such as chalcogenides and oxides, as well as glasses for applications in the area of phase change materials. The novelty of this work is the interplay between molecular dynamics methods (both at the classical and first-principles level) and the structure of materials for which, quite often, direct experimental structural information is rather scarce or absent. The book features specific examples of how quite subtle features of the structure of glasses can be unraveled by relying on the predictive power of molecular dynamics, used in connection with a realistic description of forces.
Molecular Ecology
by Joanna R. FreelandA fully updated guide to the increasingly prevalent use of molecular data in ecological studies Molecular ecology is concerned with how molecular biology and population genetics may help us to better understand aspects of ecology and evolution including local adaptation, dispersal across landscapes, phylogeography, behavioral ecology, and conservation biology. As the technology driving genetic science has advanced, so too has this fast-moving and innovative discipline, providing important insights into virtually all taxonomic groups. This third edition of Molecular Ecology takes account of the breakthroughs achieved in recent years to give readers a thorough and up-to-date account of the field as it is today. New topics covered in this book include next-generation sequencing, metabarcoding, environmental DNA (eDNA) assays, and epigenetics. As one of molecular ecology’s leading figures, author Joanna Freeland also provides those new to the area with a full grounding in its fundamental concepts and principles. This important text: Is presented in an accessible, user-friendly manner Offers a comprehensive introduction to molecular ecology Has been revised to reflect the field’s most recent studies and research developments Includes new chapters covering topics such as landscape genetics, metabarcoding, and community genetics Rich in insights that will benefit anyone interested in the ecology and evolution of natural populations, Molecular Ecology is an ideal guide for all students and professionals who wish to learn more about this exciting field.
Molecular Ecology
by Heather Kirk Joanna R. Freeland Stephen D. PetersenMolecular Ecology, 2nd Edition provides an accessible introduction to the many diverse aspects of this subject. The book takes a logical and progressive approach to uniting examples from a wide range of taxonomic groups. The straightforward writing style offers in depth analysis whilst making often challenging subjects such as population genetics and phylogenetics highly comprehensible to the reader.The first part of the book introduces the essential underpinnings of molecular ecology and gives a review of genetics and discussion of the molecular markers that are most frequently used in ecological research, and a chapter devoted to the newly emerging field of ecological genomics. The second half of the book covers specific applications of molecular ecology, covering phylogeography, behavioural ecology and conservation genetics.The new edition provides a thoroughly up-to-date introduction to the field, emphasising new types of analyses and including current examples and techniques whilst also retaining the information-rich, highly readable style which set the first edition apart.Incorporates both theoretical and applied perspectivesHighly accessible, user-friendly approach and presentationIncludes self-assessment activities with hypothetical cases based on actual species and realistic data setsUses case studies to place the theory in contextProvides coverage of population genetics, genomics, phylogeography, behavioural ecology and conservation genetics.
Molecular Ecology and Conservation Genetics of Neotropical Mammals
by Maximiliano Nardelli Juan Ignacio TúnezAlthough all living beings modify their environment, human beings have acquired the ability to do so on a superlative space-time scale. As a result of industrialization and the use of new technologies, the anthropogenic impact has been increasing in the last centuries, causing reductions in the sizes or the extinction of numerous wild populations. In this sense, from the field of conservation genetics, various efforts have been made in recent decades to provide new knowledge that contributes to the conservation of populations, species, and habitats. In this book, we summarize the concrete contributions of researchers to the conservation of the Neotropical mammals using Molecular Ecology techniques.The book is divided into three major sections. The first section provides an up-to-date review of the conservation status of Neotropical mammals, the applications of the molecular markers in its conservation, and the use of non-invasive and forensic genetic techniques. The second and third sections present, respectively, a series of case studies in various species or taxonomic groups of Neotropical mammals.
Molecular Electronic Control Over Tunneling Charge Transfer Plasmons Modes (Springer Theses)
by Shu Fen TanThis thesis describes the controlled immobilization of molecules between two cuboidal metal nanoparticles by means of a self-assembly method to control the quantum plasmon resonances. It demonstrates that quantum-plasmonics is possible at length scales that are useful for real applications. Light can interact with certain metals and can be captured in the form of plasmons, which are collective, ultra-fast oscillations of electrons that can be manipulated at the nano-scale. Surface plasmons are considered as a promising phenomenon for potentially bridging the gap between fast-operating-speed optics and nano-scale electronics. Quantum tunneling has been predicted to occur across two closely separated plasmonic resonators at length scales ( Unlike top-down nanofabrication, the molecules between the closely-spaced metal nanoparticles could control the gap sizes down to sub-nanometer scales and act as the frequency controllers in the terahertz regime, providing a new control parameter in the fabrication of electrical circuits facilitated by quantum plasmon tunneling.
Molecular Electronic-Structure Theory
by Poul Jorgensen Trygve Helgaker Jeppe OlsenAb initio quantum chemistry has emerged as an important tool in chemical research and is appliced to a wide variety of problems in chemistry and molecular physics. Recent developments of computational methods have enabled previously intractable chemical problems to be solved using rigorous quantum-mechanical methods.This is the first comprehensive, up-to-date and technical work to cover all the important aspects of modern molecular electronic-structure theory. Topics covered in the book include:* Second quantization with spin adaptation* Gaussian basis sets and molecular-integral evaluation* Hartree-Fock theory* Configuration-interaction and multi-configurational self-consistent theory* Coupled-cluster theory for ground and excited states* Perturbation theory for single- and multi-configurational states* Linear-scaling techniques and the fast multipole method* Explicity correlated wave functions* Basis-set convergence and extrapolation* Calibration and benchmarking of computational methods, with applications to moelcular equilibrium structure, atomization energies and reaction enthalpies.Molecular Electronic-Structure Theory makes extensive use of numerical examples, designed to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of each method treated. In addition, statements about the usefulness and deficiencies of the various methods are supported by actual examples, not just model calculations. Problems and exercises are provided at the end of each chapter, complete with hints and solutions.This book is a must for researchers in the field of quantum chemistry as well as for nonspecialists who wish to acquire a thorough understanding of ab initio molecular electronic-structure theory and its applications to problems in chemistry and physics. It is also highly recommended for the teaching of graduates and advanced undergraduates.
Molecular Electronic Structures of Transition Metal Complexes II
by David Michael Mingos Peter Day Jens Peder DahlT. Ziegler: A Chronicle About the Development of Electronic Structure Theories for Transition Metal Complexes.- J. Linderberg: Orbital Models and Electronic Structure Theory.- J.S. and J.E. Avery: Sturmians and Generalized Sturmians in Quantum Theory.- B.T Sutcliffe: Chemistry as a "Manifestation of Quantum Phenomena" and the Born-Oppenheimer Approximation?- A.J. McCaffery: From Ligand Field Theory to Molecular Collision Dynamics: A Common Thread of Angular Momentum.- M. Atanasov, D. Ganyushin, K. Sivalingam and F. Neese: A Modern First-Principles View on Ligand Field Theory Through the Eyes of Correlated Multireference Wavefunctions.- R.S. Berry and B.M. Smirnov: The Phase Rule: Beyond Myopia to Understanding.
Molecular Embryology: How Molecules Give Birth to Animals
by Michael J. BarryMolecular Embryology explains in simple terms the molecular interactions that transform an egg to a complex embryo that in the end gives rise to a fully-formed animal. In doing so, the book covers one hundred and fifty years of experiments that have led to our present understanding of these molecular interactions. As the text progresses, the reader will gain a sense of the developmental similarities and differences between organisms. Students studying developmental biology and embryology will find this book an extremely useful introduction to the subject and will also appeal to anyone with an interest in the most recent advances in this largely undiscovered territory.
Molecular Embryology
by Paul Sharpe Ivor MasonIn Molecular Embryology: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, expert investigators provide a comprehensive guide to the cutting-edge methods used across the dramatically growing field of vertebrate molecular embryology. Time-tested techniques take advantage of the most commonly used vertebrate experimental models: murine embryos for their genetics, chick embryos for in vivo manipulation, zebrafish for mutagenesis, amphibian embryos, and nonvertebrate chordates. The second edition collects classic protocols which have become standard techniques in the laboratory and presents them in a complementary fashion with novel and emerging approaches, allowing researcher to become more familiar with commonly studied embryos used in biomedical research. Insightful to the experienced professional, Molecular Embryology: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, presents cutting-edge findings of perhaps the greatest period in growth and productivity in the field of developmental biology.
Molecular Embryology
by Paul T. Sharpe Ivor MasonA comprehensive guide to cutting-edge methods used today across the dramatically growing field of molecular embryology. These powerful techniques take advantage of the most commonly used vertebrate experimental models: murine embryos for their genetics, chick embryos for in vivo manipulation, zebrafish for mutagenesis, amphibian embryos, and nonvertebrate chordates. The book emphasizes the most important methods of experimental molecular biology and the particular advantages of each different species. Detailed, easy-to-follow instructions, together with relevant background information and helpful tips, ensure easy reproducibility.
Molecular Encapsulation
by Jean-Luc Mieusset Udo H. BrinkerThe inclusion of small guest molecules within suitable host compounds results in constrained systems that imbue novel properties upon the incarcerated organic substrates. Supramolecular tactics are becoming widely employed and this treatise spotlights them. Often, the impact of encapsulation on product formation is substantial. The use of constrained systems offers the means to steer reactions along desired pathways. A broad overview of various supramolecular approaches aimed to manipulate chemical reactions are featured.The following topics are covered in detail:- general concepts governing the assembly of the substrate with the reaction vessel- preparation of molecular reactors- stabilization of reactive intermediates- reactions in water, in organic solvents, and in the solid state- photochemical reactions- reactions with unusual regioselectivityMolecular Encapsulation: Organic Reactions in Constrained Systems is an essential guide to the art of changing the outcome and the selectivity of a chemical reaction using nano-sized reaction vessels. It will find a place on the bookshelves of students and researchers working in the areas of supramolecular chemistry, nanotechnology, organic and pharmaceutical chemistry, and materials science as well.
Molecular Endocrinology
by Thomas E. Curry Jr. Ok-Kyong Park-SargeOver the course of the last hundred years, the field of endocrinology has received ever-increasing attention. Research and developing technologies have resulted in a significant leap in our understanding of the causes and treatment of endocrine dysfunction. In Molecular Endocrinology: Methods and Protocols, leaders in the field share a diversity of cutting-edge techniques that are becoming routinely employed in the quest to further understand hormone action. In order to reach the widest number of labs, this volume includes protocols that allow investigators at all stages of their scientific career to successfully perform these techniques. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include brief introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and expert notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and easy to use, Molecular Endocrinology: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for researchers in labs across the world who seek a deeper understanding of the complex processes and biology of hormones.
Molecular Endocrinology: Genetic Analysis of Hormones and their Receptors
by Gill Rumsby Sheelagh M. FarrowThis volume in the Human Molecular Genetics series is an invaluable text for endocrinologists wishing to update their knowledge. It also provides an excellent grounding in the basic genetics of molecular endocrinology and relevant analytical techniques.
Molecular Engineering Thermodynamics
by Juan J. De Pablo Jay D. SchieberBuilding up gradually from first principles, this unique introduction to modern thermodynamics integrates classical, statistical and molecular approaches and is especially designed to support students studying chemical and biochemical engineering. In addition to covering traditional problems in engineering thermodynamics in the context of biology and materials chemistry, students are also introduced to the thermodynamics of DNA, proteins, polymers and surfaces. It includes over 80 detailed worked examples, covering a broad range of scenarios such as fuel cell efficiency, DNA/protein binding, semiconductor manufacturing and polymer foaming, emphasizing the practical real-world applications of thermodynamic principles; more than 300 carefully tailored homework problems, designed to stretch and extend students' understanding of key topics, accompanied by an online solution manual for instructors; and all the necessary mathematical background, plus resources summarizing commonly used symbols, useful equations of state, microscopic balances for open systems, and links to useful online tools and datasets.
Molecular Environmental Soil Science
by Jianming Xu Donald L. SparksBased on the "International Symposium of Molecular Environmental Soil Science at the Interfaces in the Earth's Critical Zone," this book focuses on the Critical Zone supporting life at the Earth's surface with emphasis on the new and emerging subject area of molecular environmental soil science. Advances in research methodology, the use of synchrotron radiation in particular, are extensively reviewed. Roles of microbes, biomolecules, and environmental nanoparticles in mineral transformations, metal cycling, degradation of natural and anthropogenic organic compounds are also extensively reviewed. It is unique in terms of facilitating the integration of contributions from traditionally separate disciplines and adding a molecular and nanoparticle (therefore chemical) dimension to a field of endeavour that has traditionally been viewed on a different scale (dimension). It will also contribute to identifying knowledge gaps, providing future research directions and promoting research and education at the molecular level in this extremely important and challenging area of science for years to come. The IUPAC Project Committee noted that the Conference identifies, and builds on, the need to view and understand the Critical Zone at the molecular level. The book will be an invaluable reference for research and education.
Molecular Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases
by Paolo Vineis Seymour Garte Chris Wild"I think this is an excellent book-I recommend it to anyone involved in molecular epidemiology... The 26 chapters are written by topic specialists, in an explanatory, east to read style." -BTS Newsletter, Summer 2009"This text provides an accessible and useful handbook for the epidemiologist who wants to survey the field, to become better informed, to look at recent developments and get some background on these or simply to appreciate further the relatively rapid changes in informatic and analytical technologies which increasingly will serve and underpin future epidemiological studies. One of the strengths in this book is the extensive array of practical illustrative examples, and it would also in my opinion have useful potential as a teaching text." -American Journal of Human Biology, March 2009With the sequencing of the human genome and the mapping of millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms, epidemiology has moved into the molecular domain. Scientists can now use molecular markers to track disease-associated genes in populations, enabling them to study complex chronic diseases that might result from the weak interactions of many genes with the environment. Use of these laboratory generated biomarker data and an understanding of disease mechanisms are increasingly important in elucidating disease aetiology. Molecular Epidemiology of Disease crosses the disciplinary boundaries between laboratory scientists, epidemiologists, clinical researchers and biostatisticians and is accessible to all these relevant research communities in focusing on practical issues of application, rather than reviews of current areas of research. Covers categories of biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility and diseaseIncludes chapters on novel technologies: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabonomics, which are increasingly finding application in population studiesEmphasizes new statistical and bioinformatics approaches necessitated by the large data sets generated using these new methodologiesDemonstrates the potential applications of laboratory techniques in tackling epidemiological problems while considering their limitations, including the sources of uncertainty and inaccuracyDiscusses issues such as reliability (compared to traditional epidemiological methods) and the timing of exposureExplores practical elements of conducting population studies, including biological repositories and ethicsMolecular Epidemiology of Disease provides an easy-to-use, clearly presented handbook that allows epidemiologists to understand the specifics of research involving biomarkers, and laboratory scientists to understand the main issues of epidemiological study design and analysis. It also provides a useful tool for courses on molecular epidemiology, using many examples from population studies to illustrate key concepts and principles.
Molecular Epidemiology of Microorganisms
by Dominique A. CaugantThe development of molecular genotyping methods has revolutionized the possibility for classification of microorganisms at the sub-species level. This investigation of species diversity is crucial for deciding the molecular relatedness of isolates for epidemiological studies. In Molecular Epidemiology of Microorganisms: Methods and Protocols, readers will find readily reproducible methods for determining the molecular epidemiology of microorganisms, all of which provide effective discrimination of unrelated strains. This volume covers a wide range of techniques which can be easily applied to the investigation of transmissible diseases, directing researchers towards the most effective methods based on the particular information to be obtained. Describing both traditional and novel techniques, expert researchers present a series of methods-based chapters with applications to some of the most important microbes. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and practical, Molecular Epidemiology of Microorganisms: Methods and Protocols provides state-of-the-art techniques which will prove to be critical in unraveling the routes of spread of pathogens for humans, animals, and plants.
Molecular Evolution: A Phylogenetic Approach
by Edward C. Holmes Roderick D. M. PageThe study of evolution at the molecular level has given the subject of evolutionary biology a new significance. Phylogenetic 'trees' of gene sequences are a powerful tool for recovering evolutionary relationships among species, and can be used to answer a broad range of evolutionary and ecological questions. They are also beginning to permeate the medical sciences. In this book, the authors approach the study of molecular evolution with the phylogenetic tree as a central metaphor. This will equip students and professionals with the ability to see both the evolutionary relevance of molecular data, and the significance evolutionary theory has for molecular studies. The book is accessible yet sufficiently detailed and explicit so that the student can learn the mechanics of the procedures discussed. The book is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in molecular evolution/phylogenetic reconstruction. It will also be a useful supplement for students taking wider courses in evolution, as well as a valuable resource for professionals.
Molecular Evolution on Rugged Landscapes: Protein, RNA, and the Immune System (Volume IX) (Santa Fe Institute Studies In The Sciences Of Complexity, Proceedings Ser.)
by Alan S. PerelsonRugged fitness landscapes, and emerging area of biological science, underline both molecular and morphological evolution. Mathematical descriptions of such landscapes can be expected to lead to new experimental studies that actually test and establish their structure. In addition, current experimental techniques now allow one to carry out applied molecular evolution in the laboratory, opening up the possibility of evolving biomolecules for medical and industrial use. Molecular Evolution on Rugged Fitness Landscapes, based on a Santa Fe Institute workshop, is the first book to serve as a comprehensive introduction to these tools that permit researchers to study the structures of complex, rugged, multipeaked fitness landscapes.The first section of the book outlines a number of the general issues concerning the structure of rugged fitness landscapes. The second section examines both the history and status of experimental work on somatic mutation and the maturation of the immune response, and discusses the hypercycle model of the origin of life. This proceedings volume is an excellent reference for graduate students and professionals in immunology, population biology, physics and molecular biology.
The Molecular Evolutionary Clock: Theory and Practice
by Simon Y. W. HoThis book presents coverage of the principles and practice of molecular clocks, which have provided fascinating and unprecedented insights into the evolutionary timescale of life on earth. It begins by following the early development of the molecular evolutionary clock in the 1960s, and leads to the complex statistical approaches that are now used to analyse genome sequences. The chapters of this book have been contributed by leading experts in the field and address the important issues of evolutionary rates, molecular dating, and phylogenomic analysis. This is the first time that these different aspects of the molecular clock have been brought together in a single, comprehensive volume. It is an invaluable reference for students and researchers interested in evolutionary biology, genetic analysis, and genomic evolution.
Molecular Excitation Dynamics and Relaxation: Quantum Theory and Spectroscopy, 1st Edition
by Darius Abramavicius Leonas Valkunas Tomás MancalThis work brings together quantum theory and spectroscopy to convey excitation processes to advanced students and specialists wishing to conduct research and understand the entire fi eld rather than just single aspects.Written by experienced authors and recognized authorities in the field, this text covers numerous applications and offers examples taken from different disciplines. As a result, spectroscopists, molecular physicists, physical chemists, and biophysicists will all fi nd this a must-have for their research. Also suitable as supplementary reading in graduate level courses.
Molecular Exercise Physiology: An Introduction
by Adam P. SharplesFully revised and expanded, the second edition of Molecular Exercise Physiology offers a student-friendly introduction. It introduces a history documenting the emergence of molecular biology techniques to investigate exercise physiology, the methodology used, exercise genetics and epigenetics, and the molecular mechanisms that lead to adaptation after different types of exercise, with explicit links to outcomes in sport performance, nutrition, physical activity and clinical exercise. Structured around key topics in sport and exercise science and featuring contributions from pioneering scientists, such as Nobel Prize winners, this edition includes new chapters based on cutting-edge research in epigenetics and muscle memory, satellite cells, exercise in cancer, at altitude, and in hot and cold climates. Chapters include learning objectives, structured guides to further reading, review questions, overviews of work by key researchers and box discussions from important pioneers in the field, making it a complete resource for any molecular exercise physiology course. The book includes cell and molecular biology laboratory methods for dissertation and research projects in molecular exercise physiology and muscle physiology. This book is essential reading for upper-level undergraduate or postgraduate courses in cellular and molecular exercise physiology and muscle physiology. It is a valuable resource for any student with an advanced interest in exercise physiology in both sport performance and clinical settings.