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Marine Greens: Environmental, Agricultural, Industrial and Biomedical Applications
by Sesan Abiodun Aransiola, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Naga Raju Maddela, Udeme Joshua Josiah Ijah, and Bangeppagari ManjunathaThis book provides an in-depth overview of marine greens and their environmental and biotechnological applications. It addresses concepts such as the niche adaptation strategies of marine greens in their natural habitats, as well as their global distribution, and factors affecting their distribution and proliferation.Marine greens are posited as an alternative to fossil fuels, mitigating global climate change and thereby fostering future environmental sustainability. In addition, the book explains the remediation of xenobiotics, wastewater, microplastics, marine debris and marine green contamination. Expert authors from around the world explore the industrial and agricultural applications of marine greens in the production of enzymes and marine bioenergy, and what is needed to improve its production potential.This is important reading for government and non-governmental organizations as well as industries and research institutions looking for ways to combat current industrial and environmental challenges.
Marine Hard Bottom Communities
by Martin WahlMarine hard bottoms feature some of the most spectacular and diverse biological communities on this planet. These not only contain a rich treasure of genetic, taxonomic and functional information but also deliver irreplaceable ecosystem services. At the same time, they are highly vulnerable and increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures. This volume has collected contributions by 50 scientists from numerous biogeographic regions, dealing with characteristics of hard bottom communities. Distributional patterns in space and time are described, followed by analyses of the intrinsic and extrinsic dynamics producing these patterns. A strong emphasis is placed on the ongoing changes occurring in the structure and diversity of these communities in response to spiralling environmental impacts, and on state-of-the-art countermeasures aiming to preserve these ecological treasures. Finally, various values of diversity are assessed, hopefully as an incentive for enhanced conservation efforts.
Marine Historical Ecology in Conservation: Applying the Past to Manage for the Future
by Louise K. Blight Keryn B. Gedan Loren Mcclenachan John N. KittingerThis pioneering volume provides a blueprint for managing the challenges of ocean conservation using marine historical ecology--an interdisciplinary area of study that is helping society to gain a more in-depth understanding of past human-environmental interactions in coastal and marine ecosystems and of the ecological and social outcomes associated with these interactions. Developed by groundbreaking practitioners in the field, Marine Historical Ecology in Conservation highlights the innovative ways that historical ecology can be applied to improve conservation and management efforts in the oceans. The book focuses on four key challenges that confront marine conservation: (1) recovering endangered species, (2) conserving fisheries, (3) restoring ecosystems, and (4) engaging the public. Chapters emphasize real-world conservation scenarios appropriate for students, faculty, researchers, and practitioners in marine science, conservation biology, natural resource management, paleoecology, and marine and coastal archaeology. By focusing on success stories and applied solutions, this volume delivers the required up-to-date science and tools needed for restoration and protection of ocean and coastal ecosystems.
Marine Hydrocarbon Seeps: Microbiology and Biogeochemistry of a Global Marine Habitat (Springer Oceanography)
by Andreas Teske Verena CarvalhoThis book provides an up-to-date overview of the microbiology, biogeochemistry, and ecology of marine hydrocarbon seeps, a globally occurring habitat for specialized microorganisms and invertebrates that depend on natural hydrocarbon seepage as a food and energy source. Prominent examples include the briny hydrocarbon seeps and mud volcanoes on the continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico and in the Mediterranean, the hydrothermally heated hydrocarbon seeps at Guaymas Basin (Mexico), and the oil and gas seeps off the coast of California and in the Gulf of Mexico. Featuring topical chapters by leading researchers in the area, the book describes geological settings, chemical characteristics of hydrocarbon seepage, hydrocarbon-dependent microbial populations, and ecosystem structure and trophic networks at hydrocarbon seeps. Further, it also discusses applied aspects such as bioremediation potential (oil-degrading microorganisms).
Marine Isotope Stage 3 in Southern South America, 60 KA B.P.-30 KA B.P.
by Germán Mariano Gasparini Jorge Rabassa Cecilia Deschamps Eduardo Pedro TonniThis book presents isotope data reflecting changes in temperature derived from core samples in South America. Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) is examined in detail with respect to Stage 3. With over 20 chapters, this detailed treatise discusses high climatic variability, paleoclimatic events, Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, continental vertebrates, sea level changes, vegetation and climate changes based on pollen records, and the non-Amazon landscape and fauna from 65 to 20 ka B. P. The book also looks at the earth's magnetic field and climate change during MIS 3 and MIS 5 and presents a comparison between both stages with respect to marine deposits in Uruguay. With case studies drawn from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay this book presents research from the some of the worlds experts in this field.
Marine Larvae: Developments and Applications
by Se-Kwon KimMarine environment is a habitant for several species and significantly plays an essential role in the food cycle and climate regulation. Several species including fish and invertebrates that are used as food for humans. Marine larvae species also contain metabolites and are useful for protection and cure of several diseases. This book provides information on aquaculture production, larval feeding, early stage of marine invertebrate’s bioassay and zebrafish model for drug toxicity. This book will interest scientists in the field of marine biotechnology, life sciences, materials scientists, aquaculture companies, and natural product researchers.
Marine Macro- and Microalgae: An Overview
by F. Xavier Malcata Isabel Sousa Pinto A. Catarina GuedesThe marine environment accounts for most of the biodiversity on our planet, while offering a huge potential for the benefit and wellbeing of mankind. Its extensive resources already constitute the basis of many economic activities – but many more are expected in coming years. This book covers current knowledge on uses of marine algae to obtain bulk and fine chemicals, coupled with optimization of the underlying production and purification processes. Major gaps and potential opportunities in this field are discussed in a critical manner. The currrent trends pertaining to marine macro- and microalgae are explained in a simple and understandable writing style. This book covers a wide variety of topics, and as such it will be appropriate as both student text and reference for advances researchers in the field.
Marine Macrophytes as Foundation Species
by Emil OlafssonMarine macrophytes (macroalgae, seagrasses, and mangroves) comprise thousands of species distributed in shallow water areas along the world’s coastlines. They play a key role in marine ecosystems regarding biodiversity and energy flow. A large proportion of macrophyte species can be characterised as ecosystem engineers—organisms that directly or indirectly affect the availability of resources to other species by modifying, maintaining, and creating habitats. <P><P>This book is divided into three main themes: <li>Marine macroalgae and seagrasses as sources of biodiversity gives an overview of the diversity of the main organisms associated with macrophytes, and their functional role and interactions within their hosts. <li> Primary and secondary production of Macrophytes synthesizes research on food web structures derived from/or associated with, macrophytes and the transfer of macrophytic primary and secondary production from one ecosystem to another. <li> Threats to macrophytic ecosystem engineers addresses human-induced effects including eutrophication, physical destruction, invasive species, and global warming. <P><P>The book is among the first one to concentrate on the value of macrophytes for the well-being of marine habitats. The book is aimed at academics but may be useful for students, policy makers, and laymen alike.
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living (CRC Marine Biology Series)
by Michael A. Castellini Jo-Ann MellishSuppose you were designing a marine mammal. What would you need to think about to allow it to live in the ocean? How would you keep it warm? What would you design to allow it to dive for very long periods to extreme depths? Where would it find water to drink? How would you minimize the cost of swimming, and how would it find its prey in the deep an
Marine Mammal Survey and Assessment Methods
by J.L Laake D.G. Robertson Steven C. Amstrup B.F.J ManlyThis volume comprises the proceedings of a symposium on marine mammal survey assessment methods, which took place in Seattle, Washington, USA.
Marine Mammal Welfare
by Andy ButterworthMarine mammals attract human interest – sometimes this interest is benign or positive – whale watching, conservation programmes for whales, seals, otters, and efforts to clear beaches of marine debris are seen as proactive steps to support these animals. However, there are many forces operating to affect adversely the lives of whales, seals, manatees, otters and polar bears – and this book explores how the welfare of marine mammals has been affected and how they have adapted, moved, responded and sometimes suffered as a result of the changing marine and human world around them. Marine mammal welfare addresses the welfare effects of marine debris, of human traffic in the oceans, of noise, of hunting, of whale watching and tourism, and of some of the less obvious impacts on marine mammals – on their social structures, on their behaviours and migration, and also of the effects on captivity for animals kept in zoos and aquaria. There is much to think and talk about – how marine mammals respond in a world dramatically influenced by man, how are their social structures affected and how is their welfare impacted?
Marine Mammals: A Deep Dive into the World of Science
by Dennis Brennecke Katrin Knickmeier Iwona Pawliczka Ursula Siebert Magnus WahlbergThis highly-readable Open Access textbook provides basic background information about marine mammals and anthropogenic impacts on them. The book includes inspiring exercises for education school programs in natural sciences. The book also provides advice on career paths using case studies of marine scientists and veterinarians describing their journeys from student to profession. By sharing real-life career paths, readers find answers to questions such as “What needs to be considered when choosing a career in science?” and “What kind of tasks do scientists undertake on a daily basis?” Marine mammals are amongst some of the most celebrated creatures on Earth, with their high intelligence, social and communicating skills, and capacity for deep diving. Alongside general information about marine mammals, the book aims at generating awareness of the impact of litter and noise pollution on the marine environment using marine mammals as an example. Huge numbers of marine animals, including marine mammals, die every year from entanglement in fishing gear, by ingestion of litter or because of chemical pollution. In the last decade many technological and scientific tools have been developed to aid research, for instance miniaturised sound recorders which can be attached to cetaceans and seals and record noise levels around them, their vocal production as well as their diving behaviour. This Open Access textbook can be used by undergraduate students interested in the fundamentals of marine mammal biology and medicine, and in pursuing the profession of a marine scientist.
Marine Mammals: Adaptations for an Aquatic Life
by Randall W. DavisThis comprehensive book provides new insights into the morphological, metabolic, thermoregulatory, locomotory, diving, sensory, feeding, and sleep adaptations of Cetacea (whales and dolphins), Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions and walrus), Sirenia (manatees and dugongs) and sea otters for an aquatic life. Each chapter reviews the discoveries from previous studies and integrates recent research using new techniques and technology. Readers will gain an understanding of the remarkable adaptations that enable marine mammals to spend all or most of their lives at sea, often while hunting prey at depth.
Marine Mammals and Low-Frequency Sound: Progress Since 1994
by Committee to Review Results of ATOC's Marine Mammal Research ProgramA report on Marine Mammals and Low-Frequency Sound
Marine Mammals of California (California Natural History Guides #29)
by Robert T. OrrThis title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1972.This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived</DIV
Marine Mammals: The Evolving Human Factor (Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Marine Mammals)
by Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara Bernd WürsigThe seventh volume in the series “Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Marine Mammals” describes aspects of the often-complex relationship between humans and marine mammals. From a primeval condition of occasional predators, during the last century humans have become a major factor negatively affecting the status of most marine mammals through over-hunting, habitat encroachment and environmental degradation. This has led to the extirpation of many marine mammal populations and even to the extinction of species. However, in parallel to this destructive drive, since antiquity humanity has been influenced by a strong fascination for marine mammals, which contributes today to an increased human appreciation of the natural world admixed with widespread concern for its degrading condition. The special status occupied by marine mammals in human imagination and affection stands in stark contrast with the current predicament of many populations still threatened by the doings of Homo sapiens: a condition emblematic of the relationship of humanity with nature, and key to understanding where humanity is heading.
Marine Metagenomics: Technological Aspects and Applications
by Takashi Gojobori Tokio Wada Takanori Kobayashi Katsuhiko MinetaThis book presents the state-of-art marine metagenome research and explains the method of marine metagenomic analysis in an easy-to-understand manner.Changes in the marine environment due to global warming and pollution have become a major global problem. Maintaining a healthy marine ecosystem requires advanced environmental monitoring and assessment systems. As such, the book presents a novel metagenomic monitoring method, which has been developed for comprehensive analyses of the DNA of microorganisms living in seawater to further our understanding of the dynamics of the marine environment. The book can be used as a primer for new researchers and as a manual on experimental methods.
Marine Microbial Bioremediation
by Anjana K Vala Dushyant R Dudhagara Bharti P DaveIncreased industrialization and urbanization has polluted the marine environment, the largest ecosystem. Hence, sincere efforts must be made to decontaminate marine ecosystem for sustainable use of oceans and their bioresources. Microbial population in the marine environment plays a very crucial role in degrading, transforming and detoxifying the pollutants. This book presents contributions from leading scientists across the globe who have worked extensively on polluted marine ecosystem in removal of pollutants, mycoremediation of salinity ingressed soils, etc. This book will be useful to the scientific community, stake holders and policy makers involved in research related to environmental microbiology and marine microbiology in particular. The book will also be of benefit to the student community interested in marine microbial bioremediation.
Marine Microbiology
by Se-Kwon KimDeliberately breaking with the classical biology-centered description of marine organisms and their products, this reference emphasizes microbial technology over basic biology, setting it apart from its predecessors. As such, it systematically covers the technology behind high-value compounds for use as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals or cosmetics, from prospecting to production issues.Following a definition of the field, the book goes on to address all industrially important aspects of marine microbial biotechnology. The first main part contains a description of the major production organisms, from archaebacteria to cyanobacteria to algae and symbionts, including their genetic engineering. The remaining four parts look at commercially important compounds produced by these microorganisms together with their applications. Throughout, the emphasis is on technological considerations, and the future potential of these organisms or compound classes is discussed. A valuable and forward-looking resource for innovative biotechnologists in industry as well as in academia.
Marine Microbiology: Ecology & Applications
by Colin B. MunnThe third edition of this bestselling text has been rigorously updated to reflect major new discoveries and concepts since 2011, especially progress due to extensive application of high-throughput sequencing, single cell genomics and analysis of large datasets. Significant advances in understanding the diversity and evolution of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses are discussed and their importance in marine processes is explored in detail. Now in full colour throughout, all chapters have been significantly expanded, with many new diagrams, illustrations and boxes to aid students’ interest and understanding. Novel pedagogy is designed to encourage students to explore current high-profile research topics. Examples include the impacts of rising CO2 levels on microbial community structure and ocean processes, interactions of microbes with plastic pollution, symbiotic interactions, and emerging diseases of marine life. This is the only textbook addressing such a broad range of topics in the specific area of marine microbiology, now a core topic within broader Marine Science degrees. A Companion Website provides additional online resources for instructors and students, including a summary of key concepts and terminology for each chapter, links to further resources, and flashcards to aid self-assessment.
The Marine Microbiome
by Lucas J. Stal Mariana Silvia CretoiuThis book describes the state-of-the-artconcerning the 'marine microbiome' and its uses in biotechnology. The firstpart discusses the diversity and ecology of marine microorganisms and viruses,including all three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Itdiscusses whether marine microorganisms exist and, if so, why they might be unique. The second part presents selected marine habitats, their inhabitants and howthey influence biogeochemical cycles, while the third discusses the utilizationof marine microbial resources, including legal aspects, dissemination, andpublic awareness. The marine microbiome is the total ofmicroorganisms and viruses in the ocean and seas and in any connectedenvironment, including the seafloor and marine animals and plants. Thediversity of microbial life remains unquantified and largely unknown, and couldrepresent a hidden treasure for human society. Accordingly, this book is also intendedto connect academics and industry, providing essential information for microbiologistsfrom both fields.
The Marine Microbiome (The Microbiomes of Humans, Animals, Plants, and the Environment #3)
by Lucas J. Stal Mariana Silvia CretoiuThis updated and expanded second edition reviews numerous aspects of the marine microbiome and its possible industrial applications. The marine microbiome is the total of microorganisms and viruses in the ocean and seas and in any connected environment, including the seafloor and marine animals and plants. In the first part of the book, diversity, origin and evolution of the marine microorganisms and viruses are discussed. The microbes presented originate from all three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The second part sheds some light on the different communities: it describes marine habitats and how their inhabitants control biogeochemical cycles. The third part finally examines the microbial ocean as a global system and evaluates methods of utilizing marine microbial resources. Adopting a translational approach, the book connects academic research with industrial applications, making it a fascinating read and valuable resource for microbiologists from both domains.
Marine Natural Products (Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry #58)
by Hiromasa KiyotaThis book is a compilation of the latest achievements of leading researchers in marine natural products with extremely diverse structures and biological activities. It presents discussions of isolation, structure elucidation, biosynthesis, total synthesis, and biochemical properties of the compounds with characteristic structures such as macrolides, cyclic depsipeptides, alkaloids, and water-soluble heterocyclic low-molecular-weight compounds, from sponges, bacteria, cyanobacteria, flagellates, and other such organisms. The book especially focuses on heterocyclic natural products as a title in the book series, Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry.
Marine Niche: Translational Research
by Neelam M Nathani Chandrashekar Mootapally Indra R. Gadhvi Bharat Maitreya Chaitanya G. JoshiThis book offers a comprehensive study of biological molecules acquired from marine organisms, which have been exploited for drug discovery with the aim to treat human diseases. Biomolecules have potential impacts on a diverse range of fields, including medical and pharmaceutical science, industrial science, biotechnology, basic research, molecular science, environmental science and climate change, etc. To understand and effectively apply medicinally important biomolecules, multidisciplinary approaches are called for. The ocean remains a rich biological resource, and the vast untapped potential of novel molecules from marine bio-resources has caught the interest of more and more researchers. These novel biological compounds have never been found in terrestrial or other ecosystems, but only in this rich niche. Advances in sampling techniques and technologies, along with increased funding for research and nature conservation, have now encouraged scientists to look deeper in the waters. Aquaculture supports both tremendous seafood production and the bulk production of marine-derived drugs. Furthermore, molecular methods are now being extensively employed to explore the untapped marine microbial diversity. With the help of molecular and biotech tools, the ability of marine organisms to produce new biosynthetic drugs can be greatly enhanced. This book provides an extensive compilation of the latest information on marine resources and their undisputedly vital role in the treatment of diverse ailments.
Marine Nitrogen Fixation
by Jonathan P. Zehr Douglas G. CaponeThis book aims to serve as a centralized reference document for students and researchers interested in aspects of marine nitrogen fixation. Although nitrogen is a critical element in both terrestrial and aquatic productivity, and nitrogen fixation is a key process that balances losses due to denitrification in both environments, most resources on the subject focuses on the biochemistry and microbiology of such processes and the organisms involved in the terrestrial environment on symbiosis in terrestrial systems, or on largely ecological aspects in the marine environment. This book is intended to provide an overview of N2 fixation research for marine researchers, while providing a reference on marine research for researchers in other fields, including terrestrial N2 fixation.This book bridges this knowledge gap for both specialists and non-experts, and provides an in-depth overview of the important aspects of nitrogen fixation as it relates to the marine environment. This resource will be useful for researchers in the specialized field, but also useful for scientists in other disciplines who are interested in the topic. It would provide a possible text for upper division classes or graduate seminars.