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Molecular Hydrogen in Health and Disease (Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease #27)

by Jan Slezak Branislav Kura

Molecular hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a promising therapeutic and preventive medical gas. Hydrogen gas has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. H2 exhibits exceptional pharmacokinetics, swiftly traversing cellular biomembranes to access subcellular organelles indirectly regulating hormones and cytokines through various signal transduction pathways. H2 has the potential to address a wide range of issues, including clinical medical treatment in the areas of healthcare: myocardial ischemia, heart failure, cardiac arrest, metabolic syndrome, advanced-stage cancer, inflammatory diseases, Alzheimer's dementia, aging-related disorders, sports activities, and even beauty, agriculture, etc.Selected world-known authors in the field provide readers with a comprehensive overview of molecular hydrogen's remarkable effects and its physical, chemical, and therapeutic properties and potential in biomedical applications. This contributed volume fills the current gap in information and is intended for everyone who wants to be better informed about the wide possibilities of using molecular hydrogen. However, it is mainly intended for use by medical students, physiologists, pharmacologists, physicians, and other healthcare personnel who can use molecular hydrogen to improve the health of everyone who needs it.

Molecular Identification of Fungi

by Youssuf Gherbawy Kerstin Voigt

Fungi enjoy great popularity in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnological applications. Recent advances in the decipherment of whole fungal genomes promise an acceleration of these trends. This timely book links scientists from different parts of the world who are interested in the molecular identification of fungi combined with the exploration of the fungal biodiversity in different ecosystems. It provides a compendium for scientists who rely on a rapid and reliable detection of fungal specimens in environmental as well as clinical resources in order to ensure the benefit of industrial and clinical applications. Chapters focus on the opportunities and limits of the molecular marker-mediated identification of fungi. Various methods, procedures and strategies are outlined. Furthermore, the book offers an update of the current progress in the development of fungal molecular techniques, and draws attention to potential and associated problems, as well as integrating theory and practice.

Molecular Identification of Mosquito Vectors and Their Management

by Tapan Kumar Barik

This book summarizes the recent advancements in identifying the mosquito vectors and discusses various strategies for their control. The book describes various molecular taxonomic methods, including DNA barcoding and single nucleotide polymorphism-based machine learning approach, which are used for the identification of mosquito vectors. It also presents the various mosquito control methods, namely, phytochemicals, Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, nanotechnology, biological control agents, and environmental management strategies. It also highlights the importance of various repellents that are used for protection from different kinds of mosquito vectors. Finally, the book offers a comprehensive yet representative description of challenges associated with mosquito vector-borne diseases. The book is a useful resource for medical entomologists, health workers, and researchers working in mosquito-control and vector-borne diseases.

Molecular Imaging

by Khalid Shah

In recent years, molecular imaging techniques have grown to be invaluable tools for molecular biology research and, to a more modest extent, clinical medicine. In Molecular Imaging: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers explore the latest advances in the field, describing a rich variety of practical procedures and methods for diverging imaging technologies. Chapters are divided into sections that cover the imaging of basic molecular and biochemical events, imaging in pre-clinical settings, and imaging in clinical settings. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and ground-breaking, Molecular Imaging: Methods and Protocols is an essential handbook for students, established practitioners, and research fellows alike.

Molecular Imaging in Oncology

by Burkhard Riemann Otmar Schober

The impact of molecular imaging on diagnostics, therapy, and follow-up in oncology is increasing steadily. Many innovative molecular imaging probes have already entered clinical practice, and there is no doubt that the future emphasis will be on multimodality imaging in which morphological, functional, and molecular imaging techniques are combined in a single clinical investigation. This handbook addresses all aspects of molecular imaging in oncology, from basic research to clinical applications. The first section is devoted to technology and probe design, and examines a variety of PET and SPECT tracers as well as multimodality probes. Preclinical studies are then discussed in detail, with particular attention to multimodality imaging. In the third section, diverse clinical applications are presented, and the book closes by looking at future challenges. This handbook will be of value to all who are interested in the revolution in diagnostic oncology that is being brought about by molecular imaging.

Molecular Imaging of Small Animals

by Habib Zaidi

This book examines the fundamental concepts of multimodality small-animal molecular imaging technologies and their numerous applications in biomedical research. Driven primarily by the widespread availability of various small-animal models of human diseases replicating accurately biological and biochemical processes in vivo, this is a relatively new yet rapidly expanding field that has excellent potential to become a powerful tool in biomedical research and drug development. In addition to being a powerful clinical tool, a number of imaging modalities including but not limited to CT, MRI, SPECT and PET are also used in small laboratory animal research to visualize and track certain molecular processes associated with diseases such as cancer, heart disease and neurological disorders in living small animal models of disease. In vivo small-animal imaging is playing a pivotal role in the scientific research paradigm enabling to understand human molecular biology and pathophysiology using, for instance, genetically engineered mice with spontaneous diseases that closely mimic human diseases.

Molecular Imaging of the Brain

by M. M. Kaila Rakhi Kaila

This book examines multi-quantum magnetic resonance imaging methods and the diagnostics of brain disorders. It consists of two Parts. The part I is initially devoted towards the basic concepts of the conventional single quantum MRI techniques. It is supplemented by the basic knowledge required to understand multi-quantum MRI. Practical illustrations are included both on recent developments in conventional MRI and the MQ-MRI. This is to illustrate the connection between theoretical concepts and their scope in the clinical applications. The Part II initially sets out the basic details about quadrupole charge distribution present in certain nuclei and their importance about the functions they perform in our brain. Some simplified final mathematical expressions are included to illustrate facts about the basic concepts of the quantum level interactions between magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole behavior of useful nuclei present in the brain. Selected practical illustrations, from research and clinical practices are included to illustrate the newly emerging ideas and techniques. The reader should note that the two parts of the book are written with no interdependence. One can read them quite independently.

Molecular Imaging with Reporter Genes

by Sanjiv Sam Gambhir Shahriar S. Yaghoubi

Reporter genes have been used for several decades to study regulation of gene expression in vivo. However, it was little more than a decade ago that a new class of reporter genes was developed for imaging molecular events within living subjects. By following the interactions of protein molecules, researchers can resolve the complex chemical pathways that living cells utilise. This book focuses on this group of imaging reporter genes, starting with detailed descriptions of all reporter genes from different imaging modalities, including optical, MRI, and radionuclide-based imaging. Key scientists in the field explain how to enhance reporter gene imaging utility through instrumentation and the various applications of this technology. This is the first comprehensive book on all aspects of reporter gene imaging, detailing what is known in the field and future goals for research. Investigators in biomedical sciences, physicians, and the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries will benefit from topics covered.

The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates-3

by Albert M. Wu

Based on the third symposium on "Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates," this text covers the latest in glycotopes, structures and functions of complex carbohydrates, recognition factors of lectins, biomolecular interactions and other glycosciences. This volume highlights the informative events of the Symposium on Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates III, held at the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, on July 15-20, 2007, in Taipei, Taiwan.

Molecular Immunotoxicology

by Emanuela Corsini Henk Van Loveren

The first comprehensive reference on immunotoxicology using analyses based on molecular effects rather than on animal models. Following an introduction to immune system pathways and toxicity mechanisms from a systemic perspective, the main part of the book surveys individual molecular mechanisms of important immunotoxicants, from PAHs to biopharmaceuticals, and from receptor-mediated toxicity to nanoparticle toxicity. Taken together, the knowledge presented here provides an up-to-date overview of this hot topic that can be directly applied to the prediction and characterization of immunotoxic effects in drugs, chemicals, and environmental contaminants.

Molecular Imprinting

by Karsten Haupt

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, by Karsten Haupt, Ana V. Linares, Marc Bompart und Bernadette Tse Sum Bui.- Physical Forms of MIPs, by Andrea Biffis, Gita Dvorakova und Aude Falcimaigne-Cordin.- Micro and Nanofabrication of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, by Marc Bompart, Karsten Haupt und Cédric Ayela.- Immuno-Like Assays and Biomimetic Microchips, by M. C. Moreno-Bondi, M. E. Benito-Peña, J. L. Urraca und G. Orellana.- Chemosensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, by Subramanian Suriyanarayanan, Piotr J. Cywinski, Artur J. Moro, Gerhard J. Mohr und Wlodzimierz Kutner.- Chromatography, Solid-Phase Extraction, and Capillary Electrochromatography with MIPs, by Blanka Tóth und George Horvai.- Microgels and Nanogels with Catalytic Activity, by M. Resmini, K. Flavin und D. Carboni.

Molecular Industrial Mycology: Systems and Applications for Filamentous Fungi (Mycology Ser. #8)

by Leong

Ten articles provide an overview of the recently flowering research into the genetics and molecular biology of fungus species that are economically significant in industry. The contributors, from a variety of disciplines, report on work in such areas as industrial enzymes, antibiotics, toxins, heter

Molecular Interactions: Concepts and Methods

by David A. Micha

A modern, comprehensive text and reference describing intermolecular forces, this book begins with coverage of the concepts and methods for simpler systems, then moves on to more advanced subjects for complex systems – emphasizing concepts and methods used in calculations with realistic models and compared with empirical data. Contains applications to many physical systems and worked examples Proceeds from introductory material to advanced modern treatments Has relevance for new materials, biological phenomena, and energy and fuels production

Molecular Interventions for Developing Climate-Smart Crops: A Forage Perspective

by Rajesh Kumar Singhal Shahid Ahmed Saurabh Pandey Subhash Chand

This edited book is collection of information on molecular interventions needed for climate-resilient forage crops. The main focus is to address the gap in the advanced scientific knowledge for the forage species. Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate, and even slight change in climatic factors such as temperature causes tremendous losses in yield potential. Forage crops are crucial in global food security and environmental sustainability and face several environmental challenges in field conditions. However, the research on forage crops is far-off compared to agricultural crops and causes a substantial gap in forage demand and productivity. Further, this gap is directly associated with animal health, reproduction, and productivity. Abiotic stresses mainly affect the plant's crucial processes, ultimately reducing the final yield. The problem of abiotic stresses is more frequent in forage crops as they are growing and cultivated in less productive soil and harsh conditions. This book discusses current aspects of crucial physiological, biochemical and molecular processes in forage crops, which are essential for forage crops improvement. The text's major focus is on the advanced technologies and approaches such as seed priming, bio-fortification, breeding, omics, transgenic and bioengineering of metabolic pathways in unique ways, which helps us develop innovative solutions for forage crops. This book covers all the crucial advance technologies, which help mitigate the abiotic stresses in forage crops. We believe that this book will initiate and introduce the readers to state-of-the-art developments and unique in this field of study. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders, and policymakers. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists and policymakers will also find this a worthwhile read.

Molecular Kinetics in Condensed Phases: Theory, Simulation, and Analysis

by Ron Elber Dmitrii E. Makarov Henri Orland

A guide to the theoretical and computational toolkits for the modern study of molecular kinetics in condensed phases Molecular Kinetics in Condensed Phases: Theory, Simulation and Analysis puts the focus on the theory, algorithms, simulations methods and analysis of molecular kinetics in condensed phases. The authors – noted experts on the topic – offer a detailed and thorough description of modern theories and simulation methods to model molecular events. They highlight the rigorous stochastic modelling of molecular processes and the use of mathematical models to reproduce experimental observations, such as rate coefficients, mean first passage times and transition path times. The book’s exploration of simulations examines atomically detailed modelling of molecules in action and the connections of these simulations to theory and experiment. The authors also explore the applications that range from simple intuitive examples of one- and two-dimensional systems to complex solvated macromolecules. This important book: Offers an introduction to the topic that combines theory, simulation and analysis Presents a guide written by authors that are well-known and highly regarded leaders in their fields Contains detailed examples and explanation of how to conduct computer simulations of kinetics. A detailed study of a two-dimensional system and of a solvated peptide are discussed. Discusses modern developments in the field and explains their connection to the more traditional concepts in chemical dynamics Written for students and academic researchers in the fields of chemical kinetics, chemistry, computational statistical mechanics, biophysics and computational biology, Molecular Kinetics in Condensed Phases is the authoritative guide to the theoretical and computational toolkits for the study of molecular kinetics in condensed phases.

Molecular Layer Deposition for Tailored Organic Thin-Film Materials (Optics and Photonics)

by Tetsuzo Yoshimura

This book provides concepts and experimental demonstrations for various types of molecular layer deposition (MLD) and organic multiple quantum dots (organic MQDs), which are typical tailored organic thin-film materials. Possible applications of MLD to optical interconnects, energy conversion systems, molecular targeted drug delivery, and cancer therapy are also proposed. First, the author reviews various types of MLD processes including vapor-phase MLD, liquid-phase MLD, and selective MLD. Next, he introduces organic MQDs, which are typical tailored organic thin-film materials produced by MLD. The author then describes the design of light modulators/optical switches, predicts their performance, and discusses impacts of the organic MQDs on them. He then also discusses impacts of the organic MQDs on optical interconnects within computers and on optical switching systems. Finally, the author presents MLD applications to molecular targeted drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and laser surgery for cancer therapy. This book is intended for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in optoelectronics, photonics, and any other field where organic thin-film materials can be applied.

The Molecular Life of Diatoms

by Angela Falciatore Thomas Mock

Diatoms are the most species rich group of algae, and they contribute about 20% of annual global carbon fixation. They play major roles in ocean food webs and global biogeochemical cycles. They are also a target of the biotechnology industry because of their nano-patterned silica cell wall and high lipid content. Diatoms have received increasing attention as more genomes became available and because of the development of genome editing tools such as the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which has made diatoms as genetically tractable as well-established biological model species. This book provides an overview on diatom molecular biology. It brings together international leading experts in the field to discuss the latest data and developments from genes to ecosystems. As the understanding of diatoms is currently experiencing a step change, it is critical to allow for synergistic approaches on diverse aspects of diatom biology and evolution. The books offers fundamental insights into the molecular life of diatoms; at the same time new scientific concepts are developed based on the application of the latest molecular tools and genomic information to explore the fascinating lifestyle of diatoms.

The Molecular Life of Plants

by Russell Jones Howard Thomas Helen Ougham Susan Waaland

A stunning landmark co-publication between the American Society of Plant Biologists and Wiley-Blackwell.The Molecular Life of Plants presents students with an innovative, integrated approach to plant science. It looks at the processes and mechanisms that underlie each stage of plant life and describes the intricate network of cellular, molecular, biochemical and physiological events through which plants make life on land possible. Richly illustrated, this book follows the life of the plant, starting with the seed, progressing through germination to the seedling and mature plant, and ending with reproduction and senescence. This "seed-to-seed" approach will provide students with a logical framework for acquiring the knowledge needed to fully understand plant growth and development.Written by a highly respected and experienced author team The Molecular Life of Plants will prove invaluable to students needing a comprehensive, integrated introduction to the subject across a variety of disciplines including plant science, biological science, horticulture and agriculture.

Molecular Life Sciences

by Robert D. Wells Judith S. Bond Judith Klinman Bettie Sue Siler Masters

The Encyclopedia examines biological phenomena at the molecular level and their interactions that govern life processes. Covers genes and genomes; protein structure and function; unifying concepts from biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics and more.

Molecular Machines and Motors

by Alberto Credi Serena Silvi Margherita Venturi

The cutting-edge advances in this research field are nicely pictured in the chapters of this volume. They come from world's leading laboratories engaged in the development of molecular machines and are authored by some of the most respected scientists in the field. This volume shows, on the one hand, the level of ingenuity and technical capability reached in the construction of artificial nanomachines roughly two decades after their inception. On the other hand, it conveys the excitement about the enormous opportunities as well as the challenges this research area presents, as the interest of researchers is shifting from ensemble to single-molecule measurements and from homogeneous to heterogeneous environments. Indeed, as Feynman said "when we have some control of the arrangement of things on a molecular scale, we will get an enormously greater range of possible properties that substances can have. " Although the answer to the "when" question is not easy to find, there is no doubt that artificial molecular machines and motors will lead to a wide variety of applications which we cannot even envisage today. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 was awarded jointly to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa "for the design and synthesis of molecular machines". Both Jean-Pierre Sauvage and Bernard L. Feringa contributed to this volume. The goal of each thematic volume in this series is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students.

Molecular Machines in Biology

by Joachim Frank

The concept of molecular machines in biology has transformed the medical field in a profound way. Many essential processes that occur in the cell, including transcription, translation, protein folding and protein degradation, are all carried out by molecular machines. This volume focuses on important molecular machines whose architecture is known and whose functional principles have been established by tools of biophysical imaging (X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy) and fluorescence probing (single-molecule FRET). This edited volume includes contributions from prominent scientists and researchers who understand and have explored the structure and functions of these machines. This book is essential for students and professionals in the medical field who want to learn more about molecular machines.

Molecular Machines Involved in Peroxisome Biogenesis and Maintenance

by Cecile Brocard Andreas Hartig

In eukaryotes, lipid metabolism requires the function of peroxisomes. These multitasking organelles are also part of species-specific pathways such as the glyoxylate cycle in yeast and plants or the synthesis of ether lipid in mammals. Proteins required for the biogenesis of peroxisomes typically assemble in large molecular complexes, which participate in membrane formation, protein transport, peroxisome duplication and - inheritance during cell division. Peroxisomal function is essential for life. Mutations in PEX genes, encoding for biogenesis factors, are often associated with lethal disorders. The association of peroxisomes with other organelles suggests an extensive participation in organellar crosstalk. This book represents a state-of-the-art review in the field of peroxisome research encompassing the cell and molecular biology of peroxisome biogenesis and its diseases, the protein complexes involved in this process and the modern technologies applied to study them. The book is intended for graduate students, researchers and lecturers in biochemistry, molecular and cell biology with a biomedical background.

Molecular Magnetochemistry

by Sergey Vulfson PhD

Investigating the relationship between the magnetic properties and structure of molecules, molecular magnetochemistry, is an area of growing interest to scientists in a variety of fields, including physical, organic and inorganic chemistry, molecular physics, and biophysics. For the first time, systematic results on magnetic properties of molecules such as mean magnetic susceptibility, their anisotropies and principal magnetic axes are presented. Molecular Magnetochemistry is a comprehensive and up-to-date view on experimental methods not covered in previous volumes, including the Zeeman effect in vapor phase and magnetic birefringence of diamagnetic systems (Cotton-Mouton Effect). The relationship between magnetic and related electrical phenomena is also described, summing up experimental data on magnetic and electrical anisotropies and components of molecular quadrupole moments.

Molecular Magnets

by Juan Bartolomé Fernando Luis Julio F. Fernández

This book provides an overview of the physical phenomena discovered in magnetic molecular materials over the last 20 years. It is written by leading scientists having made the most important contributions to this active area of research. The main topics of this book are the principles of quantum tunneling and quantum coherence of single-molecule magnets (SMMs), phenomena which go beyond the physics of individual molecules, such as the collective behavior of arrays of SMMs, the physics of one-dimensional single-chain magnets and magnetism of SMMs grafted on substrates. The potential applications of these physical phenomena to classical and quantum information, communication technologies, and the emerging fields of molecular spintronics and magnetic refrigeration are stressed. The book is written for graduate students, researchers and non-experts in this field of research.

Molecular Marker Applications for Improving Sugar Content in Sugarcane

by M. Swapna Sangeeta Srivastava

Sugarcane, an important source of sugar, plays a substantial role in world economy. As a C4 plant this has very efficient system for carbohydrate metabolism through photosynthesis. Crop improvement efforts have concentrated mainly on improving quality traits, mainly sugar content. This being a complex trait, involves a large number of target genes in the metabolic pathway. The complex polyploid nature of the crop makes it more difficult to pin point the key players in this complex pathway. Despite its importance, little is known about the exact mechanism of sucrose accumulation and its regulation in sugarcane. Many enzymes have been proposed to have a key role in determining the ultimate sucrose content in sugarcane. There are evidences to show that some of these like Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (SPS) and Sucrose Synthase (SuSy) are encoded by multiple genes that show organ specifity in sugarcane. Especially in a crop like sugarcane where the classical techniques are of limited help in elucidating various genetic complexities, molecular techniques can be of help in throwing some light on the grey areas. Molecular marker strategies will be of help in understanding some aspects of sucrose metabolism and its regulation in this crop, thus complementing the ongoing crop improvement programmes.

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