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Money-Pump Arguments (Elements in Decision Theory and Philosophy)
by Johan E. GustafssonSuppose that you prefer A to B, B to C, and A to C. Your preferences violate Expected Utility Theory by being cyclic. Money-pump arguments offer a way to show that such violations are irrational. Suppose that you start with A. Then you should be willing to trade A for C and then C for B. But then, once you have C, you are offered a trade back to A for a small cost. Since you prefer A to C, you pay the small sum to trade from C to A. But now you have been turned into a money pump. You are back to the alternative you started with but with less money. This Element shows how each of the axioms of Expected Utility Theory can be defended by money-pump arguments of this kind. The Element also defends money-pump arguments from the standard objections to this kind of approach. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Money: A Story of Humanity
by David McWilliamsIn this groundbreaking book, renowned global economist David McWilliams unlocks the mysteries and the awesome power of money: what it is, how it works, and why it matters.The story of money is the story of our desires, our genius, and our downfalls. Money is power—and power beguiles. Nothing we&’ve invented as a species has defined our own evolution so thoroughly and changed the direction of our planet&’s history so dramatically. Money has shaped the very essence of what it means to be human. We can&’t hope to understand ourselves without it. And yet despite money&’s primacy, most of us don&’t truly understand it. As economist David McWilliams states, money is everything. &“Money defines the relationship between worker and employer, buyer and seller, merchant and producer. But not only that: it also defines the bond between the governed and the governor, the state and the citizen. Money unlocks pleasure, puts a price on desire, art and creativity. It motivates us to strive, achieve, invent and take risks. Money also brings out humanity&’s darker side, invoking greed, envy, hatred, violence and, of course, colonialism.&” Money isn&’t just paper or coins or virtual currency. Money is humanity. Leading economics expert, David McWilliams answers these questions and more in Money, an epic, breathlessly entertaining journey across the world through the present and the past, from the birthplace of money in ancient Babylon to the beginning of trade along the silk road to China, from Marrakech markets to Wall Street and the dawn of cryptocurrency. By tracking its history, McWilliams uncovers our relationship with money, transforming our perspective on its impact on the world right now. McWilliams is no dusty economist; he is a communicator at the highest level, a highly telegenic and marketable expert who is as comfortable in front of a large audience talking about his favourite subject as he is appearing on podcasts, social media, and even in stand-up comedy. He&’s been called Ireland&’s most important economist and is ranked among the leading economists working today. The story of money is the story of earth&’s most inventive, destructive, and dangerous animal: Homo sapiens. It is our story.
Mongooses: Their Natural History and Behaviour
by H.E. Hinton A.M.S. DunnThis title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1967.This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived</DIV
Monitoring Biodiversity
by Grace P. Servat Alfonso Alonso Francisco DallmeierThe book compiles case studies regarding the biodiversity research and monitoring program of Andean species and habitats carefully chosen as indicators to assess the short- and long-term effects of a linear disturbance: the PERU LNG pipeline. Set in a scientifically unexplored region of the Andes, Monitoring Biodiversity clearly articulates the Smithsonian-led conceptual framework for the implementation in the field by scientists. It addresses scientific and conservation questions addressed by the research protocols, the experimental design, and data gathering. Moreover, the book covers a gap on how to integrate biodiversity research, monitoring, and conservation into sustainable development projects of national and international interest. The text is presented in both English and Spanish.
Monitoring Detention, Custody, Torture and Ill-treatment: A Practical Approach to Prevention and Documentation
by Jason Payne-James Jonathan Beynon Duarte VieiraThis landmark practical guide assists all those involved in monitoring detention conditions and investigating and preventing torture. The prestigious global author team identify the medical, legal and professional frameworks and international instruments applicable to those detained, and highlight how torture or other cruel and inhuman degrading treatments or punishments are identified, investigated and should be prevented. · A comprehensive and wide range of detention settings and circumstances are covered including police stations, prisons, mental health, and social care civil conditions to prisoner of war, detention camps, military, and armed conflict. · Advice, monitoring, and assessment is given for special groups, including the custody of women, children, vulnerable adults, and individuals on hunger strike · Practical guidelines are given for the assessment of ill-treatment of individuals in custody including sexual abuse · Online links to the latest legal, ethical, and medical guidelines for key countries help to make this book appropriate for all. Challenging, thought-provoking yet thoroughly practical, this book is essential reading for anyone involved in the monitoring of detention conditions and the treatment and investigation of individuals in any form of custody. The content is aimed primarily at healthcare professionals but it also highly relevant for anyone who may form part of a visiting team, including lay individuals, lawyers and law enforcement professionals, as well as for academics.
Monitoring Forest Damage with Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Methods (Wiley Series on Mass Spectrometry)
by Dominic M. Desiderio Joseph A. LooMonitoring Forest Damage with Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Methods Understand forest responses to climate change with this timely introduction Forests are among the most critical parts of our global ecosystem, responsible for the air we breathe, home to most of the earth’s species, and crucial sources of food and raw materials. Forest development is therefore one of the most important areas of ecological study, and damage to forests is potentially existential. Metabolomics, a toolkit which accrues data on interactions between genetic and environmental conditions, promises to advance our understanding of how these vital ecosystems respond to dramatic changes in climate and environment. Monitoring Forest Damage with Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Methods offers a thorough, accessible discussion of metabolomic techniques and their applications in forest tree research. It promises to enrich the reader’s understanding of how forests are being transformed by globe-spanning changes, and to arm researchers with tools for reacting to these potentially epochal developments. Monitoring Forest Damage with Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Methods readers will also find: Analysis of specialized secondary metabolites such as phytohormonesDetailed discussion of ecologically important tree genera such as Pinus, Populus, Quercus, and many moreSupplementary materials related to study design, sample preparation, and instrumental analysis protocols Monitoring Forest Damage with Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Methods is ideal for researchers in analytical chemistry, mass spectrometry, metabolomics, forest research, the life sciences, and all other related fields.
Monitoring Polymerization Reactions
by Wayne F. Reed Alina M. AlbOffers new strategies to optimize polymer reactionsWith contributions from leading macromolecular scientists and engineers, this book provides a practical guide to polymerization monitoring. It enables laboratory researchers to optimize polymer reactions by providing them with a better understanding of the underlying reaction kinetics and mechanisms. Moreover, it opens the door to improved industrial-scale reactions, including enhanced product quality and reduced harmful emissions.Monitoring Polymerization Reactions begins with a review of the basic elements of polymer reactions and their kinetics, including an overview of stimuli-responsive polymers. Next, it explains why certain polymer and reaction characteristics need to be monitored. The book then explores a variety of practical topics, including:Principles and applications of important polymer characterization tools, such as light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, calorimetry, rheology, and spectroscopyAutomatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization (ACOMP) reactions, a flexible platform that enables characterization tools to be employed simultaneously during reactions in order to obtain a complete record of multiple reaction featuresModeling of polymerization reactions and numerical approachesApplications that optimize the manufacture of industrially important polymersThroughout the book, the authors provide step-by-step strategies for implementation. In addition, ample use of case studies helps readers understand the benefits of various monitoring strategies and approaches, enabling them to choose the best one to match their needs.As new stimuli-responsive and "intelligent" polymers continue to be developed, the ability to monitor reactions will become increasingly important. With this book as their guide, polymer scientists and engineers can take full advantage of the latest monitoring strategies to optimize reactions in both the lab and the manufacturing plant.
Monitoring Rocky Shores
by Steven N. Murray Richard F. Ambrose Megan N. DethierThis is a handbook for those surveying the ecology and environmental health of the rocky shore. Advice is provided on how to select sites for study, what measurements need to be made, etc.
Monitoring Tools for Setting up The Hospital Project: Department-wise Planning
by Ajay GargCompared to other commercial buildings, hospital buildings are one of the most complex buildings/projects to plan, design, build, and operate. A well-planned set of all the activities involved in construction and setting up the hospital contributes a lot to reducing errors, avoiding modifications, completing a project on time, reducing the modification costs, decreasing or controlling infection rate, protecting patients and staff from injury, increase patient's recovery rate, and increase staff satisfaction. It is a fact that each hospital project department involves many individual departments, providing services, procurement of equipment, workforce recruitment, licensing, and establishing a set of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Apart from this, it is necessary to start the particular activity well on time to make it a success in the scheduled period. If the start of the activity is delayed, it can delay the total project. It is noticed that the site engineer makes a lot of mistakes while setting up the departments. The reason for such mistakes can be like forgetting any particular activity, not completing the activity on time, etc. In this book, we have tried to address all such issues, detailed all the activities in a tabular form, and explained each activity in detail for the individual department of the hospital. The table also contains the columns to plan the start and end date of the activity. The table will also help assess the activity's progress and the person responsible for such activity. The book has been written keeping in mind the timely completion of all the activities involved in setting up and furnishing the hospital's departments. The book contains all such activities right from the initial setting up of the departments to the final inauguration of the hospital. This book is helpful to the designers, promoters, site engineers, architects, and engineers in planning the activity, its start and end, linking it with other activities, monitoring the activity, etc., well in advance. As the book is in very easily understandable English language, it may be a great help to students of Hospital Management, Para Medical Sciences, Architecture, Site Engineers, Site Supervisors, Hospital Promoters, Planners, and Designers.
Monitoring Tools for Setting up the Hospital Project: Initial Planning, Building and Equipment
by Ajay GargThe hospital buildings are one of the most complex buildings/projects to plan, design, build, and operate. Hospital project planning involves site selection, Detailed Project Report (DPR) preparation, feasibility studies, room planning, hospital building zoning, and construction. This book provides in-depth knowledge and synchronization of the operational policies, licensing, services, equipment procurement, workforce recruitment, and establishing the set of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) before the start of hospital operations. This book helps enlighten site engineers and various in-charges to plan their hospital projects efficiently, completing all the jobs and activities well in time. This book narrates all the relevant issues and details about the hospital planning and construction activities in a tabular form and explains each activity extensively. Moreover, the tables provided in the book will also help the planners and executors assess the activity's progress and the person responsible for it. The key feature of the book is a very easily understandable English language that provides the best understanding to the students of Hospital Management, Para Medical Sciences, Architecture, Site Engineers, Site Supervisors, Hospital Promoters, Planners, and Designers.
Monitoring Vibrations and Disturbances in Industry and Nature (Synthesis Lectures on Mechanical Engineering)
by Anton Panda Volodymyr NahornyiA catastrophic phenomenon should not be considered a sudden and causeless event, but as a process whose characteristics are continuously changing throughout the entire previous period. This process manifests itself in the form of a trajectory of changes in time of the controlled parameter. This trajectory contains the information necessary for making decisions, both about the current degree of criticality of the system’s state and about the moment it reaches its limit state. This monograph discusses the method of searching for such a moment for a controlled system. The methodology consists of two complementary and therefore mutually validating forecasting methods. The first method analyzes the trend of a time series compiled from the results of monitoring the behavior of a controlled object, and the second method analyzes the periodic component, which together with the trend forms the original time series. The monograph considers the following processes as such processes: wear of the cutting tool, leading to defects in the workpiece; development of a manufacturing defect leading to an accident under operating conditions or catastrophe of products that differ in the volume of their production; preparation for earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Monitoring and Control of Macrofouling Mollusks in Fresh Water Systems
by Gerald L. Mackie Renata ClaudiUpon its initial publication more than fifteen years ago, this book broke new ground with its comprehensive coverage of the biology and ecology, distribution and dispersal mechanisms, physiology, monitoring, negative and positive impacts, and control of aquatic invasive species of mussels, clams, and snails. Building on this foundation, the second
Monitoring and Evaluation of Soil Conservation and Watershed Development Projects
by Jan De Graaff John Cameron Samran Sombatpanit Christian Pieri Jim Woodhill Annemarieke De BruinThis book provides diverse information and critical know-how to implement appropriate methodology and cost-efficient monitoring and evaluation systems better suited to assess the impacts of soil conservation and wastershed multi-sectoral development activities. It draws on a worldwide experience of specialists and a large array of ground-truthing projects and programmes. This book will meet its objective if it contributes to convince financing institutions and project managers that integrated watershed management activities have the potential to generate highly desirable impacts for the society at large, which have to be accurately measured by adequate M&E systems.
Monitoring and Managing Multi-hazards: A Multidisciplinary Approach (GIScience and Geo-environmental Modelling)
by Jayanta Das Sudip Kumar BhattacharyaTo monitor multi-hazards, Remote Sensing and GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques have been extensively used in recent years worldwide. Since natural hazards cannot be eliminated, only quantification of these events and reliable forecasting can alleviate their detrimental effects, through which we can build more resilient and safe societies. Moreover, cultivating the proper knowledge of the multi-hazards and their monitoring and management can fill the gap between science, policy, and the community concerned. In an endeavor to understand and characterize the various hazards, Monitoring and Managing Multi-hazards: A Multidisciplinary approach presents a synthesis of what cross-disciplinary researchers know about these hazards and indigenous adaptation strategies.The book therefore focuses on the use of precision techniques, Remote Sensing, and GIS technologies to quantify various natural, environmental and social hazards along with the capacity building and sustainable mitigation strategies towards resilient societies. It encompasses both thematic and regional case studies to highlight the dynamicity of climate change, change of natural resources, landscape, water, river, agricultural, and social ecosystems at various spatio-temporal scales, including theoretical and applied aspects. The book gives readers an overview and analysis of traditional and advanced geospatial technologies on atmospheric, lithospheric, hydrosphere, biospheric and socio-economic contexts, on all spatial and temporal scales regarding hazards and disasters and sustainable development and management for the future.
Monitoring of Respiration and Circulation
by J. A. BlomMonitoring of Respiration and Circulation provides biomedical engineers with a comprehensive source for understanding the variables of the respiratory and circulatory systems, which indicate how well these systems are functioning. This book covers techniques for measuring the variables, including modeling, medical instrumentation, and signal proces
Monkey Girl
by Edward HumesWhat should we teach our children about where we come from? Is evolution a lie or good science? Is it incompatible with faith? Have scientists really detected evidence of a creator in nature? From bestselling, Pulitzer Prize-winning author Edward Humes comes a dramatic story of faith, science, and courage unlike any since the famous Scopes Monkey Trial. Monkey Girl takes you behind the scenes of the recent war on evolution in Dover, Pennsylvania, when the town's school board decision to confront the controversy head-on thrust its students, then the entire community, onto the front lines of America's culture wars. Told from the perspectives of all sides of the battle, it is a riveting true story about an epic court case on the teaching of "intelligent design," and what happens when science and religion collide.
Monkey GirlEvolution, Education, Religion, and the Battle for America's Soul
by Edward HumesWhat should we teach our children about where we come from? Is evolution a lie or good science? Is it incompatible with faith? Have scientists really detected evidence of a creator in nature? From bestselling, Pulitzer Prize-winning author Edward Humes comes a dramatic story of faith, science, and courage unlike any since the famous Scopes Monkey Trial. Monkey Girl takes you behind the scenes of the recent war on evolution in Dover, Pennsylvania, when the town's school board decision to confront the controversy head-on thrust its students, then the entire community, onto the front lines of America's culture wars. Told from the perspectives of all sides of the battle, it is a riveting true story about an epic court case on the teaching of "intelligent design," and what happens when science and religion collide.
Monkey See, Monkey Don't (Cyberia #2)
by Chris LynchZane has made an enemy for life in the evil Dr. Gristle, who is jealous of Zane's ability to use technology to talk to animals. He's now working on a new device to control animals' movement and speech--and Zane's dog is one of the first test cases.
Monkey Trials and Gorilla Sermons: Evolution and Christianity from Darwin to Intelligent Design (New Histories of Science, Technology, and Medicine)
by Peter J. BowlerFrom the beginning, Darwin’s dangerous idea has been a snake in the garden, denounced from pulpits then and now as incompatible with the central tenets of Christian faith. Recovered here is the less well-known but equally long history of thoughtful engagement and compromise on the part of liberal theologians. Peter J. Bowler doesn’t minimize the hostility of many of the faithful toward evolution, but he reveals the existence of a long tradition within the churches that sought to reconcile Christian beliefs with evolution by finding reflections of the divine in scientific explanations for the origin of life. By tracing the historical forerunners of these rival Christian responses, Bowler provides a valuable alternative to accounts that stress only the escalating confrontation. Our polarized society, Bowler says, has all too often projected its rivalries onto the past, concealing the efforts by both scientists and theologians to find common ground. Our perception of past confrontations has been shaped by an oversimplified model of a “war” between science and religion. By uncovering the complexity of the debates sparked by Darwin’s theory, we might discover ways to depolarize our own debates about where we came from and why we are here.
Monkey Trouble: The Scandal of Posthumanism
by Christopher PetersonAccording to scholars of the nonhuman turn, the scandal of theory lies in its failure to decenter the human. The real scandal, however, is that we keep trying.The human has become a conspicuous blind spot for many theorists seeking to extend hospitality to animals, plants, and even insentient things. The displacement of the human is essential and urgent, yet given the humanist presumption that animals lack a number of allegedly unique human capacities, such as language, reason, and awareness of mortality, we ought to remain cautious about laying claim to any power to eradicate anthropocentrism altogether. Such a power risks becoming yet another self-accredited capacity thanks to which the human reaffirms its sovereignty through its supposed erasure.Monkey Trouble argues that the turn toward immanence in contemporary posthumanism promotes a cosmocracy that absolves one from engaging in those discriminatory decisions that condition hospitality as such. Engaging with recent theoretical developments in speculative realism and object-oriented ontology, as well as ape and parrot language studies, the book offers close readings of literary works by J.M. Coetzee, Charles Chesnutt, and Walt Whitman and films by Alfonso Cuarón and Lars von Trier.Anthropocentrism, Peterson argues, cannot be displaced through a logic of reversal that elevates immanence above transcendence, horizontality over verticality. This decentering must cultivate instead a human/nonhuman relationality that affirms the immanent transcendency spawned by our phantasmatic humanness.
Monkey to Man: The Evolution of the March of Progress Image
by Gowan DawsonThe first book to examine the iconic depiction of evolution, the &“march of progress,&” and its role in shaping our understanding of how humans evolved We are all familiar with the &“march of progress,&” the representation of evolution that depicts a series of apelike creatures becoming progressively taller and more erect before finally reaching the upright human form. Its emphasis on linear progress has had a decisive impact on public understanding of evolution, yet the image contradicts modern scientific conceptions of evolution as complex and branching. This book is the first to examine the origins and history of this ubiquitous and hugely consequential illustration. In a story spanning more than a century, from Victorian Britain to America in the Space Age, Gowan Dawson traces the interconnected histories of the two most important versions of the image: the frontispiece to Thomas Henry Huxley&’s Evidence as to Man&’s Place in Nature (1863) and &“The Road to Homo Sapiens,&” a fold-out illustration in the best-selling book Early Man (1965). Dawson explores how the recurring appearances of this image pointed to shifting scientific and public perspectives on human evolution, as well as indicated novel artistic approaches and advancements in technology.
Monkeys (Readers)
by Anne SchreiberThis comical, adorable, and fascinating reader documents the lives of monkeys living in the wild and includes details regarding their behavior, families, and environment. The carefully constructed text guarantees a successful and rewarding reading experience for level 2 readers who are able to read alone, with minor assistance. The photography and extras featured in this title ensure a fun and interactive experience for the reader.National Geographic supports K-12 educators with ELA Common Core Resources.Visit www.natgeoed.org/commoncore for more information.
Monkeys on the Edge
by Michael D. Gumert Agustín Fuentes Lisa Jones-EngelLong-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) have a wide geographical distribution and extensively overlap with human societies across southeast Asia, regularly utilizing the edges of secondary forest and inhabiting numerous anthropogenic environments, including temple grounds, cities and farmlands. Yet despite their apparent ubiquity across the region, there are striking gaps in our understanding of long-tailed macaque population ecology. This timely volume, a key resource for primatologists, anthropologists and conservationists, underlines the urgent need for comprehensive population studies on common macaques. Providing the first detailed look at research on this underexplored species, it unveils what is currently known about the population of M. fascicularis, explores the contexts and consequences of human-macaque sympatry and discusses the innovative programs being initiated to resolve human-macaque conflict across Asia. Spread throughout the book are boxed case studies that supplement the chapters and give a valuable insight into specific field studies on wild M. fascicularis populations.
Monkeys on the Edge: Ecology and Management of Long-tailed Macaques and Their Interface with Humans
by Lisa Jones-Engel Michael Gumert Agustin FuentesLong-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) have a wide geographical distribution and extensively overlap with human societies across southeast Asia, regularly utilizing the edges of secondary forest and inhabiting numerous anthropogenic environments, including temple grounds, cities and farmlands. Yet despite their apparent ubiquity across the region, there are striking gaps in our understanding of long-tailed macaque population ecology. This timely volume, a key resource for primatologists, anthropologists and conservationists, underlines the urgent need for comprehensive population studies on common macaques. Providing the first detailed look at research on this underexplored species, it unveils what is currently known about the population of M. fascicularis, explores the contexts and consequences of human-macaque sympatry and discusses the innovative programs being initiated to resolve human-macaque conflict across Asia. Spread throughout the book are boxed case studies that supplement the chapters and give a valuable insight into specific field studies on wild M. fascicularis populations.
Monkeys, Apes, and Humans
by Michael A. Huffman Hiroo Imai Naofumi Nakagawa Masaki Tomonaga Yasuhiro GoThis book introduces to the reader unfamiliar with primatology in Japan three research projects representative of the unique multidisciplinary approach carried out by scientists at Kyoto University, the country's premier institution for primate studies. The projects are all aimed at understanding the age-old questions, where did we come from, and what makes us unique or similar to our primate ancestors? The first chapter, by Naofumi Nakagawa, focuses on the cultural diversity of social behavior in the Japanese macaque. This chapter reviews research on primate culture, in particular the work on Japanese macaques, then presents what is arguably the first example of a culturally transmitted social convention in the species, called "hug-hug". The second chapter, by Michael A. Huffman, introduces our current knowledge of self-medication in primates, based largely on a long-term study of wild chimpanzees at Kyoto University's longest ongoing chimpanzee field in Africa, Mahale, in Tanzania. The suite of behavioral adaptations to parasite infections in chimpanzees is compared with our current knowledge of self-medication in other primates and other animal species. The third chapter, by Yasuhiro Go, Hiroo Imai, and Masaki Tomonaga, describes the ambitious efforts to combine cognitive science and genomics into a new discipline called "comparative cognitive genomics". This chapter provides an overview of recent advancements in chimpanzee comparative cognition, the construction of a chimpanzee genomic database, and comparative genomic studies at the individual level, looking into factors affecting personality and individuality.