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Moral Psychology, Volume 5: Virtue and Character (Bradford Bks.)

Groundbreaking essays and commentaries on the ways that recent findings in psychology and neuroscience illuminate virtue and character and related issues in philosophy.Philosophers have discussed virtue and character since Socrates, but many traditional views have been challenged by recent findings in psychology and neuroscience. This fifth volume of Moral Psychology grows out of this new wave of interdisciplinary work on virtue, vice, and character. It offers essays, commentaries, and replies by leading philosophers and scientists who explain and use empirical findings from psychology and neuroscience to illuminate virtue and character and related issues in moral philosophy. The contributors discuss such topics as eliminativist and situationist challenges to character; investigate the conceptual and empirical foundations of self-control, honesty, humility, and compassion; and consider whether the virtues contribute to well-being.ContributorsKarl Aquino, Jason Baehr, C. Daniel Batson, Lorraine L. Besser, C. Daryl Cameron, Tanya L. Chartrand, M. J. Crockett, Bella DePaulo, Korrina A. Duffy, William Fleeson, Andrea L. Glenn, Charles Goodman, Geoffrey P. Goodwin, George Graham, June Gruber, Thomas Hurka, Eranda Jayawickreme, Andreas Kappes, Kristján Kristjánsson, Daniel Lapsley, Neil Levy, E.J. Masicampo, Joshua May, Christian B. Miller, M. A. Montgomery, Thomas Nadelhoffer, Eddy Nahmias, Hanna Pickard, Katie Rapier, Raul Saucedo, Shannon W. Schrader, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Nancy E. Snow, Gopal Sreenivasan, Chandra Sripada, June P. Tangney, Valerie Tiberius, Simine Vazire, Jennifer Cole Wright

Moral Tribes

Our brains were designed for tribal life, for getting along with a select group of others (Us), and for fighting off everyone else (Them). But modern life has thrust the world's tribes into a shared space, creating conflicts of interest and clashes of values, along with unprecedented opportunities. As the world shrinks, the moral lines that divide us become more salient and more puzzling. We fight over everything from tax codes to gay marriage to global warming, and we wonder where, if at all, we can find our common ground. . . A grand synthesis of neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy, 'Moral Tribes' reveals the underlying causes of modern conflict and lights a way forward. Our emotions make us social animals, turning Me into Us. But they also make us tribal animals, turning Us against Them. Our tribal emotions make us fight, sometimes with bombs, sometimes with words, and often with life-and-death stakes. Drawing inspiration from moral philosophy and cutting-edge science, 'Moral Tribes' shows when we should trust our instincts, when we should reason, and how the right kind of reasoning can move us forward. . . Joshua Greene is the director of Harvard University's Moral Cognition Lab, a pioneering scientist, a philosopher, and an acclaimed teacher. The great challenge of 'Moral Tribes' is this: How can we get along with Them when what they want feels so wrong? Finally, Greene offers a surprisingly simple set of maxims for navigating the modern moral terrain, a practical road map for solving problems and living better lives.

Moral Tribes

The Boston Globe"Surprising and remarkable... Toggling between big ideas, technical details, and his personal intellectual journey, Greene writes a thesis suitable to both airplane reading and PhD seminars."Our brains were designed for tribal life, for getting along with a select group of others (Us) and for fighting off everyone else (Them). But modern times have forced the world's tribes into a shared space, resulting in epic clashes of values along with unprecedented opportunities. As the world shrinks, the moral lines that divide us become more salient and more puzzling. We fight over everything from tax codes to gay marriage to global warming, and we wonder where, if at all, we can find our common ground.A grand synthesis of neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy, Moral Tribes reveals the underlying causes of modern conflict and lights the way forward. Greene compares the human brain to a dual-mode camera, with point-and-shoot automatic settings ("portrait," "landscape") as well as a manual mode. Our point-and-shoot settings are our emotions--efficient, automated programs honed by evolution, culture, and personal experience. The brain's manual mode is its capacity for deliberate reasoning, which makes our thinking flexible. Point-and-shoot emotions make us social animals, turning Me into Us. But they also make us tribal animals, turning Us against Them. Our tribal emotions make us fight--sometimes with bombs, sometimes with words--often with life-and-death stakes.An award-winning teacher and scientist, Greene directs Harvard University's Moral Cognition Lab, which uses cutting-edge neuroscience and cognitive techniques to understand how people really make moral decisions. Combining insights from the lab with lessons from decades of social science and centuries of philosophy, the great question of Moral Tribes is this: How can we get along with Them when what they want feels so wrong to Us?Ultimately, Greene offers a set of maxims for navigating the modern moral terrain, a practical road map for solving problems and living better lives. Moral Tribes shows us when to trust our instincts, when to reason, and how the right kind of reasoning can move us forward.A major achievement from a rising star in a new scientific field, Moral Tribes will refashion your deepest beliefs about how moral thinking works and how it can work better.

Morality for Humans: Ethical Understanding from the Perspective of Cognitive Science

What is the difference between right and wrong? This is no easy question to answer, yet we constantly try to make it so, frequently appealing to some hidden cache of cut-and-dried absolutes, whether drawn from God, universal reason, or societal authority. Combining cognitive science with a pragmatist philosophical framework in Morality for Humans: Ethical Understanding from the Perspective of Cognitive Science, Mark Johnson argues that appealing solely to absolute principles and values is not only scientifically unsound but even morally suspect. He shows that the standards for the kinds of people we should be and how we should treat one another—which we often think of as universal—are in fact frequently subject to change. And we should be okay with that. Taking context into consideration, he offers a remarkably nuanced, naturalistic view of ethics that sees us creatively adapt our standards according to given needs, emerging problems, and social interactions. Ethical naturalism is not just a revamped form of relativism. Indeed, Johnson attempts to overcome the absolutist-versus-relativist impasse that has been one of the most intractable problems in the history of philosophy. He does so through a careful and inclusive look at the many ways we reason about right and wrong. Much of our moral thought, he shows, is automatic and intuitive, gut feelings that we follow up and attempt to justify with rational analysis and argument. However, good moral deliberation is not limited merely to intuitive judgments supported after the fact by reasoning. Johnson points out a crucial third element: we imagine how our decisions will play out, how we or the world would change with each action we might take. Plumbing this imaginative dimension of moral reasoning, he provides a psychologically sophisticated view of moral problem solving, one perfectly suited for the embodied, culturally embedded, and ever-developing human creatures that we are.

Moralizing Technology: Understanding and Designing the Morality of Things

Technology permeates nearly every aspect of our daily lives. Cars enable us to travel long distances, mobile phones help us to communicate, and medical devices make it possible to detect and cure diseases. But these aids to existence are not simply neutral instruments: they give shape to what we do and how we experience the world. And because technology plays such an active role in shaping our daily actions and decisions, it is crucial, Peter-Paul Verbeek argues, that we consider the moral dimension of technology. Moralizing Technology offers exactly that: an in-depth study of the ethical dilemmas and moral issues surrounding the interaction of humans and technology. Drawing from Heidegger and Foucault, as well as from philosophers of technology such as Don Ihde and Bruno Latour, Peter-Paul Verbeek locates morality not just in the human users of technology but in the interaction between us and our machines. Verbeek cites concrete examples, including some from his own life, and compellingly argues for the morality of things. Rich and multifaceted, and sure to be controversial, Moralizing Technology will force us all to consider the virtue of new inventions and to rethink the rightness of the products we use every day.

Moralizing The Environment: Countryside change, farming and pollution

First published in 1997. There was a time when pollution was equated with the urban and the industrial. But things have changed. What were previously mutually exclusive cat­egories of "agriculture" and "pollution" have been brought together in a new, morally charged atmosphere. Moralizing the environment is a study of how this shift came about. It examines the emergence of the farm pollution problem in Britain in the 1980s. It draws upon a study of the regulation of farm wastes - cattle slurry, silage effluent and the dirty water from farmyards - conducted between 1989 and 1995. Detailed surveys and ethnographic fieldwork were carried out in the south-west of England among dairy farmers, pol­lution inspectors, agricultural advisers and environmentalists. In trying to get to grips with farm pollution they were pursuing different notions not only of sound agricultural practice but also of nature, morality and the law. What ultimately was at stake was who could be trusted to safeguard the countryside.

Morals Not Knowledge: Recasting the Contemporary U.S. Conflict between Religion and Science

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press’s Open Access publishing program for monographs. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. In a time when conservative politicians challenge the irrefutability of scientific findings such as climate change, it is more important than ever to understand the conflict at the heart of the “religion vs. science” debates unfolding in the public sphere. In this groundbreaking work, John H. Evans reveals that, with a few limited exceptions, even the most conservative religious Americans accept science’s ability to make factual claims about the world. However, many religious people take issue with the morality implicitly promoted by some forms of science. Using clear and engaging scholarship, Evans upends the prevailing notion that there is a fundamental conflict over the way that scientists and religious people make claims about nature and argues that only by properly understanding moral conflict between contemporary religion and science will we be able to contribute to a more productive interaction between these two great institutions.

Moravian Soundscapes: A Sonic History of the Moravian Missions in Early Pennsylvania (Music, Nature, Place)

In Moravian Soundscapes, Sarah Eyerly contends that the study of sound is integral to understanding the interactions between German Moravian missionaries and Native communities in early Pennsylvania. In the mid-18th century, when the frontier between settler and Native communities was a shifting spatial and cultural borderland, sound mattered. People listened carefully to each other and the world around them. In Moravian communities, cultures of hearing and listening encompassed and also superseded musical traditions such as song and hymnody. Complex biophonic, geophonic, and anthrophonic acoustic environments—or soundscapes—characterized daily life in Moravian settlements such as Bethlehem, Nain, Gnadenhütten, and Friedenshütten. Through detailed analyses and historically informed recreations of Moravian communal, environmental, and religious soundscapes and their attendant hymn traditions, Moravian Soundscapes explores how sounds—musical and nonmusical, human and nonhuman—shaped the Moravians' religious culture. Combined with access to an interactive website that immerses the reader in mid-18th century Pennsylvania, and framed with an autobiographical narrative, Moravian Soundscapes recovers the roles of sound and music in Moravian communities and provides a road map for similar studies of other places and religious traditions in the future.

Morbo Di Alzheimer II

L’obiettivo di questo e-book è servire da primo avvicinamento per coloro che vivono in prima persona o all’interno della loro famiglia la malattia di Alzheimer. Questo libro prova a presentare in modo chiaro i risultati delle ultime ricerche sulla malattia di Alzheimer, al fine di rispondere alle domande più importanti: che sintomi provoca? come viene diagnosticato? quanti ne sono affetti?

Morbo di Alzheimer - I

L'e-book "morbo di Alzheimer - I" spiega in maniera più semplice e con un linguaggio alla portata di tutti il morbo di Alzheimer, la famosa malattia neurodegenerativa da tutti conosciuta per i suoi irreversibili danni alla memoria. Questo e-book offre quindi una spiegazione chiara ed efficace di come la malattia si sviluppa, se ha cause genetiche, chi viene colpito maggiormente e quali sono gli sforzi che la scienza fa ogni giorno per cercare di arginare un male tanto temuto quanto difficile da curare.

Morbo di Alzheimer III

Come viene trattato? Qual è la sua evoluzione? Come si previene? Scopri gli ultimi progressi nella prevenzione e nel trattamento della malattia di Alzheimer. Uno segli aspetti importanti di una malattia è come superarla, curarla e il suo trattamento. A questo proposito sono stati effettuati progressi nel campo della ricerca sul trattamento e la prevenzione della malattia di Alzheimer, presentati in qusto testo. Destinatari: - Professionisti della salute che desiderano approfondire le proprie conoscenze sulla signosi e sul trattamento della malattia di Alzheimer. - Insegnanti che vogliono offrire informazioni aggiornate sulla malttia di Alzheimer ai loro studenti. - A tutti coloro che soffrono della malattia di Alzheimer e i loro parenti, in modo che sappiano comportarsi di fronte a questa malattia. In seguito vengono presentati gli argomenti principali di questo testo: - Trattamento dell'Alzheimer: nonostante la limitata efficacia dei trattamenti attuali, ogni giorno vengono fatte nuove scoperte per affrontare questa malattia. - Evoluzione del morbo di Alzhiemer: il morbo di Alzheimer è definito come una malattia progressiva, cioè, col tempo, si perdono le capacità cognitive di coloro che ne soffrono. Scopri come combatterlo. Prevenzione del morbo di Alzheimer: questo è probabilmente uno degli aspetti più sconosciuti delle ultime scoperte sul morbo di Alzheimer.

More Adventures in Contemporary Electromagnetic Theory

This book describes some recent advances in electromagnetic theory, motivated and partly informed by developments in engineering science and nanotechnology. The collection of chapters provided in this edited book, authored by leading experts in the field, offers a bird’s eye view of recent progress in electromagnetic theory, spanning a wide range of topics of current interest, ranging from fundamental issues to applications.

More Bear Cookin': Bigger and Better

Make your kitchen more bearable to burly men with big appetites!Loosen your belts and make room for seconds! PJ Gray, author of Bear Cookin’: The Original Guide to Bear Comfort Foods, is back with More Bear Cookin’: Bigger and Better, serving up another helping of mouth-watering recipes, handy kitchen tips, and tributes to comfort foods. Seasoned with humor and served with a side order of fun, this flavorful collection combines favorites like Use Your Tool and More Bearable Meal Suggestions from the original book with new food and information features like Did Ya Know? and Kitchen Tips. The book also includes a glossary of cooking technology, recipe measures and equivalencies, and emergency ingredient substitutions.Home-style cooking holds a special place in the hearts (and bellies) of bears, who can take comfort in the hearty fare found in the personal and family recipes presented in More Bear Cookin’: Bigger and Better. Find everything you need for three squares a day - and all snacks in between - in sections like Lip Smackin’ Snackin’, Woofy Breakfast, More Hearty Sides, Come-and-Get-It Entrees, More Bear Meat, and Way Beyond the Honey Pot. The book offers practical tips about food preparation, cooking and storage, how to cook a holiday turkey, how to work with sugar, syrup, and honey, and refrigerator care and maintenance. More Bear Cookin’ also pays loving tribute to the magical powers of peanut butter, eggs, potatoes, cheese, mayonnaise, meat broth, and chocolate, dishes on Diner Talk (waiter/waitress lingo), and Leftover Life (general rules for food safety), and gives up The Skinny on Fat (cooking with fats and oils).More Bear Cookin’: Bigger and Better includes such rich, satisfying reci

More Damned Lies and Statistics: How Numbers Confuse Public Issues

In this sequel to the acclaimed "Damned Lies and Statistics," which the Boston Globe said "deserves a place next to the dictionary on every school, media, and home-office desk," Joel Best continues his straightforward, lively, and humorous account of how statistics are produced, used, and misused by everyone from researchers to journalists. Underlining the importance of critical thinking in all matters numerical, Best illustrates his points with examples of good and bad statistics about such contemporary concerns as school shootings, fatal hospital errors, bullying, teen suicides, deaths at the World Trade Center, college ratings, the risks of divorce, racial profiling, and fatalities caused by falling coconuts. "More Damned Lies and Statistics" encourages all of us to think in a more sophisticated and skeptical manner about how statistics are used to promote causes, create fear, and advance particular points of view. Best identifies different sorts of numbers that shape how we think about public issues: missing numbers are relevant but overlooked ;confusing numbers bewilder when they should inform; scary numbers play to our fears about the present and the future; authoritative numbers demand respect they don't deserve; magical numbers promise unrealistic, simple solutions to complex problems; and contentious numbers become the focus of data duels and stat wars. The author's use of pertinent, socially important examples documents the life-altering consequences of understanding or misunderstanding statistical information. He demystifies statistical measures by explaining in straightforward prose how decisions are made about what to count and what not to count, what assumptions get made, and which figures are brought to our attention. Best identifies different sorts of numbers that shape how we think about public issues. Entertaining, enlightening, and very timely, this book offers a basis for critical thinking about the numbers we encounter and a reminder that when it comes to the news, people count-- in more ways than one.

More Dead Ends and Detours

Success comes in many forms and in synthesis it can be a failure that results in their ultimate successful solutions. This long-awaited sequel to "Dead Ends and Detours" retains the proven concept while featuring over 20 new case studies of failed strategies and their (successful) solutions in natural product total synthesis. Additionally, computational models are used to discuss the problem in much more detail and to provide readers with additional information not found in the primary literature. The topics range from classic synthetic reactions (e.g. Diels Alder reaction), metal-mediated coupling reactions, metathesis, and asymmetric catalysis to the importance of protecting and activating groups.This book will benefit not only graduate students in organic chemistry but also advanced researchers as they gain knowledge derived from the step-by-step analysis of mistakes made in the past and, thus be able to improve their own chemical reaction planning. With its coverage of the most commonly applied reaction types, the book perfectly complements its predecessor, which focuses on general aspects, such as reactivity and selectivity.

More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes

Following on from the successful volume Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes comes More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes - once again delving into the biology, pathology and control of Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. It includes descriptions and figures of a further 732 species together with keys, a host index, a glossary of terms, and a comprehensive index.

More Everything Forever: AI Overlords, Space Empires, and Silicon Valley's Crusade to Control the Fate of Humanity

This "wild and utterly engaging narrative" (Melanie Mitchell) shows why Silicon Valley&’s heartless, baseless, and foolish obsessions—with escaping death, building AI tyrants, and creating limitless growth—are about oligarchic power, not preparing for the future Tech billionaires have decided that they should determine our futures for us. According to Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Sam Altman, and more, the only good future for humanity is one powered by technology: trillions of humans living in space, functionally immortal, served by superintelligent AIs. In More Everything Forever, science journalist Adam Becker investigates these wildly implausible and often profoundly immoral visions of tomorrow—and shows why, in reality, there is no good evidence that they will, or should, come to pass. Nevertheless, these obsessions fuel fears that overwhelm reason—for example, that a rogue AI will exterminate humanity—at the expense of essential work on solving crucial problems like climate change. What&’s more, these futuristic visions cloak a hunger for power under dreams of space colonies and digital immortality. The giants of Silicon Valley claim that their ideas are based on science, but the reality is darker: they come from a jumbled mix of shallow futurism and racist pseudoscience. More Everything Forever exposes the powerful and sinister ideas that dominate Silicon Valley, challenging us to see how foolish, and dangerous, these visions of the future are.

More Forensics and Fiction

This compilation of medical and forensic science questions from crime writers around the world provides insight into medical and forensic science as well as a glimpse into the writer's creative mind. How do hallucinogenic drugs affect a blind person? Will snake venom injected into fruit cause death? How would you perform CPR in a helicopter? What happens when someone swallows razor blades? How long does it take blood to dry? Can DNA be obtained from a half-eaten bagel? D. P. Lyle, MD, answers these and many more intriguing questions. The book is a useful and entertaining resource for writers and screenwriters, helping them find the information they need to frame a situation and write a convincing description. TV viewers, readers who enjoy crime fiction, and those who want to know more about forensic science can keep up with the news and understand the science behind criminal investigation. From traumatic injuries to the coroner's office, the questions and answers are divided into five parts, making it a compendium of the incredible information that lies within the world of medicine and forensics.

More Good News

In this edition of their bestseller, the sequel to the best-selling Good News for a Change, authors David Suzuki and Holly Dressel provide the latest inspiring stories about individuals, groups, and businesses that are making real change in the world. More Good News features the most up-to-date information about critical subjects, such as energy and the economy, not covered in the previous edition. These stories offer compelling proof from the front lines that sustainable solutions already exist.

More Heat than Life: The Tangled Roots of Ecology, Energy, and Economics

This book traces the interacting histories of the disciplines of ecology and economics, from their common origin in the ancient Greek concept of oikonomia, through their distinct encounters with energy physics, to the current obstruction of neoliberal economics to responses to the ecological and climate crisis of the so-called Anthropocene. Reconstructing their constitution as separate sciences in the era of fossil-fuelled industrial capitalism, the book offers an explanation of how the ecological sciences have moved from a position of critical collision with mainstream economics in the 1970s, to one of collusion with the project of permanent growth, in and through the thermal crisis of the biosphere.

More Hunting Wasps

More Precious than Gold

Aluminum was once more valuable than gold. A breakthrough in refining aluminum from rock transformed it from rare matter to sandwich wrapper. In this science story, you'll learn how two chemists, Charles Hall and Paul Héroult, solved the problem.

More Random Walks in Science

More Random Walks in Science is an anthology of fascinating and frequently amusing anecdotes, quotations, illustrations, articles, and reviews that reflect the more lighthearted aspects of the scientific world and the less serious excursions of the scientific mind. The book is guaranteed to delight anyone who has a professional or amateur interest in science.

More Show Me How: Everything We Couldn't Fit in the First Book Instructions for Life from the Everyday to the Exotic

A new collection of fun, practical, and outrageous projects from the genius minds of the original Show Me How.Volume two of the Show Me How series contains brand-new instructions that show readers how to amaze, trick, create, style, and love, among other endeavors. Ideas range from the practical (hang a ceiling fixture; hem a pair of pants) to the outrageous (boobytrap a bathroom; forge an antiquity) to the romantic (ace a school crush; send a saucy cell phone pic.) So go ahead and learn some killer pool moves. Or stage your own impromptu gallery show. Style you hair in a fauxhawk. More Show Me How is the indispensable real-life resource that helps readers live life to the fullest and be the star of the party.

More Synthetic Approaches to Nonaromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles, 2 Volume Set

More Synthetic Approaches to Nonaromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles An authoritative collection of resources discussing the latest trends in the synthesis of nonaromatic nitrogen heterocycles Widely distributed in nature, nitrogen heterocycles are extremely common in synthetic substances found in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. The literature is evolving rapidly and explores newly emerging structures and medicines. More Synthetic Approaches to Nonaromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles offers R&D professionals the opportunity to easily access a collection of the latest relevant research in the area. In the second two-volume set of this practical reference distinguished researcher Dr. Ana Maria M. M. Faisca Phillips delivers a collection of resources focusing on the newest and most widely applicable trends emerging in synthetic strategies for nonaromatic nitrogen heterocycles. With coverage of topics including organocatalysis, cascade reactions, flow chemistry in synthesis, cycloaddition reactions, metathesis, cross-coupling reactions, and electrochemistry, the book provides quick access to critical new avenues of synthesis. More Synthetic Approaches to Nonaromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles: Volume 1 and 2 also offers readers: A thorough introduction to recent advances in the design and synthesis of cyclic peptidomimetics Comprehensive explorations of fused heterocycles and transition metal promoted synthesis of isoindoline derivatives Practical discussions of 1,4-diazepane ring-based systems and recent advances in the synthesis of azepane-based compounds In-depth examinations of strained aziridinium ions, asymmetric organocatalysis in alternative media, and the electrochemical synthesis of non-aromatic N-heterocycles Perfect for academic and industrial researchers in organic chemistry and synthesis, organometallic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry catalysis, and sustainable chemistry, More Synthetic Approaches to Nonaromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles: Volume 1 and 2 is an indispensable reference for anyone seeking an authoritative source of information on new and emerging trends in synthesis.