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Non-parametric Tuning of PID Controllers
by Igor BoikoThe relay feedback test (RFT) has become a popular and efficient in process identification and automatic controller tuning. Non-parametric Tuning of PID Controllers couples new modifications of classical RFT with application-specific optimal tuning rules to form a non-parametric method of test-and-tuning. Test and tuning are coordinated through a set of common parameters so that a PID controller can obtain the desired gain or phase margins in a system exactly, even with unknown process dynamics. The concept of process-specific optimal tuning rules in the nonparametric setup, with corresponding tuning rules for flow, level pressure, and temperature control loops is presented in the text. Common problems of tuning accuracy based on parametric and non-parametric approaches are addressed. In addition, the text treats the parametric approach to tuning based on the modified RFT approach and the exact model of oscillations in the system under test using the locus of a perturbedrelay system (LPRS) method. Industrial loop tuning for distributed control systems using modified RFT is also described. Many of the problems of tuning rules optimization and identification with modified RFT are accompanied by MATLAB® code, downloadable from http://extras.springer.com/978-1-4471-4464-9 to allow the reader to duplicate the results. Non-parametric Tuning of PID Controllers is written for readers with previous knowledge of linear control and will be of interest to academic control researchers and graduate students and to practitioners working in a variety of chemical- mechanical- and process-engineering-related industries.
Non-Perturbative Field Theory
by Yitzhak Frishman Jacob SonnenscheinProviding a new perspective on quantum field theory, this book gives a pedagogical and up-to-date exposition of non-perturbative methods in relativistic quantum field theory and introduces the reader to modern research work in theoretical physics. It describes in detail non-perturbative methods in quantum field theory, and explores two- dimensional and four- dimensional gauge dynamics using those methods. The book concludes with a summary emphasizing the interplay between two- and four- dimensional gauge theories. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, this book covers topics from two-dimensional conformal symmetry, affine Lie algebras, solitons, integrable models, bosonization, and 't Hooft model, to four-dimensional conformal invariance, integrability, large N expansion, Skyrme model, monopoles and instantons. Applications, first to simple field theories and gauge dynamics in two dimensions, and then to gauge theories in four dimensions and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in particular, are thoroughly described.
Non-perturbative Methods in Statistical Descriptions of Turbulence (Progress in Turbulence - Fundamentals and Applications #1)
by Jan FriedrichThis book provides a comprehensive overview of statistical descriptions of turbulent flows. Its main objectives are to point out why ordinary perturbative treatments of the Navier–Stokes equation have been rather futile, and to present recent advances in non-perturbative treatments, e.g., the instanton method and a stochastic interpretation of turbulent energy transfer. After a brief introduction to the basic equations of turbulent fluid motion, the book outlines a probabilistic treatment of the Navier–Stokes equation and chiefly focuses on the emergence of a multi-point hierarchy and the notion of the closure problem of turbulence. Furthermore, empirically observed multiscaling features and their impact on possible closure methods are discussed, and each is put into the context of its original field of use, e.g., the renormalization group method is addressed in relation to the theory of critical phenomena. The intended readership consists of physicists and engineers who want to get acquainted with the prevalent concepts and methods in this research area.
Non-perturbative Renormalization Group Approach to Some Out-of-Equilibrium Systems: Diffusive Epidemic Process and Fully Developed Turbulence (Springer Theses)
by Malo TarpinThis thesis presents the application of non-perturbative, or functional, renormalization group to study the physics of critical stationary states in systems out-of-equilibrium. Two different systems are thereby studied. The first system is the diffusive epidemic process, a stochastic process which models the propagation of an epidemic within a population. This model exhibits a phase transition peculiar to out-of-equilibrium, between a stationary state where the epidemic is extinct and one where it survives. The present study helps to clarify subtle issues about the underlying symmetries of this process and the possible universality classes of its phase transition. The second system is fully developed homogeneous isotropic and incompressible turbulence. The stationary state of this driven-dissipative system shows an energy cascade whose phenomenology is complex, with partial scale-invariance, intertwined with what is called intermittency. In this work, analytical expressions for the space-time dependence of multi-point correlation functions of the turbulent state in 2- and 3-D are derived. This result is noteworthy in that it does not rely on phenomenological input except from the Navier-Stokes equation and that it becomes exact in the physically relevant limit of large wave-numbers. The obtained correlation functions show how scale invariance is broken in a subtle way, related to intermittency corrections.
Non-Pharmacological Interventions: An Essential Answer to Current Demographic, Health, and Environmental Transitions
by Gregory NinotNon-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) have become essential solutions for better living, preventing disease, and self-care, in addition to biomedical treatments, and for increasing longevity without loss of quality of life. Over the past 20 years, these practices have gone from general diet and hygiene advice to targeted and personalized solutions for prevention, care optimization, and curative treatments. Selected empirically for centuries or recently with the help of technological innovations and epigenetic, interventional, and medico-economic studies, their development is growing and diversifying around the world. Today an NPI ecosystem is made up of a myriad of public and private actors. As interest in NPIs grows, so do questions about safety, effectiveness, standardization, ethical practice, and surveillance. In this book, the author answers these questions with a scientific approach, because evidence-based science, evidence-based practice, clinical research, and data monitoring have revolutionized this field. Topics explored among the chapters include: · Defining Non-Pharmacological Interventions · The Benefits and Dangers of Non-Pharmacological Interventions · Motives and Facilitators of Non-Pharmacological Intervention Use · The Market for Non-Pharmacological Interventions · Evaluation of Non-Pharmacological Interventions · The Future of Non-Pharmacological Interventions Non-Pharmacological Interventions: An Essential Answer to Current Demographic, Health, and Environmental Transitions is a must-have resource for clinicians and other health professionals, researchers, students, health insurers, policy-makers, caregivers, and entrepreneurs in the health and wellness space, as well as any users who wish to inform themselves about NPIs.
Non-Photochemical Quenching and Energy Dissipation in Plants, Algae and Cyanobacteria
by Barbara Demmig-Adams Gyozo Garab William Adams III GovindjeeHarnessing the sun's energy via photosynthesis is at the core of sustainable production of food, fuel, and materials by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Photosynthesis depends on photoprotection against intense sunlight, starting with the safe removal of excess excitation energy from the light-harvesting system, which can be quickly and non-destructively assessed via non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). By placing NPQ into the context of whole-organism function, this book aims to contribute towards identification of plant and algal lines with superior stress resistance and productivity. By addressing agreements and open questions concerning photoprotection's molecular mechanisms, this book contributes towards development of artificial photosynthetic systems. A comprehensive picture -from single molecules to organisms in ecosystems, and from leading expert's views to practical information for non-specialists on NPQ measurement and terminology - is presented.
Non-Profit Organisations, Volume III: Society, Sustainability and Accountability (Palgrave Studies in Cross-disciplinary Business Research, In Association with EuroMed Academy of Business)
by Leonidas Efthymiou Demetris Vrontis Yaakov Weber Alkis Thrassou Evangelos Tsoukatos S. M. Riad ShamsThis four-volume book examines, through multiple and cross-discipline perspectives, the science and practice of not-for-profit organisations. These organisations have drawn considerable attention and witnessed extensive growth as they engage in delivering public services to society. And are increasingly pressured to balance business with social goals, inherent idiosyncratic features with management creativity, structural limitations with operational flexibility, and ethical boundaries with pragmatism; all with scarce resources but abundant determination. The first volume explores the opportunities and challenges of non-profit organisations in the contemporary environment, elucidating current and future issues in the field, setting strategic directions, and presenting sector-wide examples and best practices. The second volume explores contextual aspects relating to the economy and industries. The third volume presents social and ethical aspects, as well as matters of sustainability, accountability and the overall wellbeing of society. The fourth and final volume examines structures and models, with an emphasis on technology.
Non-Pushing PCI Techniques
by Kazuaki MitsudoThis book provides an in-depth review of non-pushing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). With abundant, clear figures, the chapters logically describe retrograde wiring techniques, including the stenting of bifurcation lesions, right coronary artery ostial lesions, and left main trunk (LMT) lesions, and then go on to illustrate Mitsudo’s non-pushing PCI techniques. Short columns between chapters offer tips and tricks to help readers gain a better understanding.Given its scope, this book is not only a valuable resource for by coronary interventionalists dealing with PCI for complex lesions including chronic total occlusion (CTO), but also serves as a practical and informative for cardiologists.
Non-Reflexive Logics, Non-Individuals, and the Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics: Essays in Honour of the Philosophy of Décio Krause (Synthese Library #476)
by Jonas R. B. Arenhart Raoni W. ArroyoThis book discusses the philosophical work of Décio Krause. Non-individuality, as a new metaphysical category, was thought to be strongly supported by quantum mechanics. No one did more to promote this idea than the Brazilian philosopher Décio Krause, whose works on the metaphysics and logic of non-individuality are now widely regarded as part of the consolidated literature on the subject. This volume brings together chapters elaborating on the ideas put forward and defended by Krause, developing them in many different directions, commenting on aspects not completely developed so far, and, more importantly, critically addressing their current formulations and defenses by Krause himself. Given that Krause’s ideas do connect directly and indirectly with a wide array of subjects, such as the philosophy of quantum mechanics, more broadly understood, the philosophy of logic and logical philosophy, non-classical logics, metaphysics, and ontology, this volume contains important material for the research on logic and foundations of science, broadly understood. All the invited contributors have already worked with the ideas developed by Décio (some of them still work with them), being also distinct authors and extremely relevant in their areas of expertise. The volume is aimed at philosophers, including those of physics and quantum mechanics.
Non-Relativistic QED Theory of the van der Waals Dispersion Interaction
by Akbar SalamThis book provides details of the calculation of the interaction between two neutral polarizable atoms or molecules using molecular quantum electrodynamics (QED). To better understand the origin of this force, it briefly outlines molecular QED theory, the well-known van der Waals dispersion potential first evaluated by Casimir and Polder, who accounted for retardation effects. It presents different calculation schemes for the evaluation of the dispersion potential and also discusses energy shifts involving electric quadrupole and octupole moments, along with discriminatory dispersion potentials. Further, it explores in detail non-additive dispersion interaction energies between three-bodies, as well as the effects of higher multipole moment correction terms, and provides results for specific geometries such as collinear and equilateral triangles. Lastly, it computes near and far-zone asymptotic limits for both pair and many-body potentials, with the former shown to agree with less rigorous semi-classical calculations.
Non-Ribosomal Peptide Biosynthesis and Engineering: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2670)
by Michael Burkart Fumihiro IshikawaThis volume provides new technologies on NRPSs and related carrier protein dependent synthases, including polyketide synthases (PKS) and fatty acid synthases (FAS). Chapters detail enzymology, structural biology, proteopromics, chemical biology, natural product chemistry, and bioinformatics. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and methods, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Non-Ribosomal Peptide Biosynthesis and Engineering: Methods and Protocols aims to feature methods that will be beneficial to new researchers, and those wanting to adopt new methodologies into their research.
Non-self-adjoint Schrödinger Operator with a Periodic Potential
by Oktay VelievThis book gives a complete spectral analysis of the non-self-adjoint Schrödinger operator with a periodic complex-valued potential. Building from the investigation of the spectrum and spectral singularities and construction of the spectral expansion for the non-self-adjoint Schrödinger operator, the book features a complete spectral analysis of the Mathieu-Schrödinger operator and the Schrödinger operator with a parity-time (PT)-symmetric periodic optical potential. There currently exists no general spectral theorem for non-self-adjoint operators; the approaches in this book thus open up new possibilities for spectral analysis of some of the most important operators used in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics and optics. Featuring detailed proofs and a comprehensive treatment of the subject matter, the book is ideally suited for graduate students at the intersection of physics and mathematics.
Non-Selfadjoint Operators in Quantum Physics
by Franciszek Hugon Szafraniec Jean-Pierre Gazeau Fabio Bagarello Miloslav ZnojilA unique discussion of mathematical methods with applications to quantum mechanics Non-Selfadjoint Operators in Quantum Physics: Mathematical Aspects presents various mathematical constructions influenced by quantum mechanics and emphasizes the spectral theory of non-adjoint operators. Featuring coverage of functional analysis and algebraic methods in contemporary quantum physics, the book discusses the recent emergence of unboundedness of metric operators, which is a serious issue in the study of parity-time-symmetric quantum mechanics. The book also answers mathematical questions that are currently the subject of rigorous analysis with potentially significant physical consequences. In addition to prompting a discussion on the role of mathematical methods in the contemporary development of quantum physics, the book features: Chapter contributions written by well-known mathematical physicists who clarify numerous misunderstandings and misnomers while shedding light on new approaches in this growing area An overview of recent inventions and advances in understanding functional analytic and algebraic methods for non-selfadjoint operators as well as the use of Krein space theory and perturbation theory Rigorous support of the progress in theoretical physics of non-Hermitian systems in addition to mathematically justified applications in various domains of physics such as nuclear and particle physics and condensed matter physics An ideal reference, Non-Selfadjoint Operators in Quantum Physics: Mathematical Aspects is useful for researchers, professionals, and academics in applied mathematics and theoretical and/or applied physics who would like to expand their knowledge of classical applications of quantum tools to address problems in their research. Also a useful resource for recent and related trends, the book is appropriate as a graduate-level and/or PhD-level text for courses on quantum mechanics and mathematical models in physics.
Non-standard Discretisation Methods in Solid Mechanics (Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics #98)
by Jörg Schröder Peter WriggersThis edited volume summarizes research being pursued within the DFG Priority Programme 1748: "Reliable Simulation Methods in Solid Mechanics. Development of non-standard discretisation methods, mechanical and mathematical analysis", the aim of which was to develop novel discretisation methods based e.g. on mixed finite element methods, isogeometric approaches as well as discontinuous Galerkin formulations, including a sound mathematical analysis for geometrically as well as physically nonlinear problems. The Priority Programme has established an international framework for mechanical and applied mathematical research to pursue open challenges on an inter-disciplinary level. The compiled results can be understood as state of the art in the research field and show promising ways of further research in the respective areas. The book is intended for doctoral and post-doctoral students in civil engineering, mechanical engineering, applied mathematics and physics, as well as industrial researchers interested in the field.
Non-state Actors in the Arctic Region (Springer Polar Sciences)
by Nikolas Sellheim Dwayne Ryan MenezesThis book comprehensively discusses the role that non-state actors play in the Arctic and assesses the normative role of these actors. Beyond any organised forum, there are actors that have a significant impact on the way the Arctic is developed, adjudicated, managed, perceived, presented and represented. This book complements the literature on non-state actors in international law and international security, world politics and international relations and provides a geographical account of their role for the Arctic. The book content is not limited to a specific discipline, but takes into account different approaches to the topic. This means that it contains three types of contributions: research articles, shorter research notes and commentaries. While the research articles constitute the main body of the work, it is also the research notes which provide an insight into issues related to the topic of the book.
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Water: Emerging Contaminants and Ecological Impact (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #96)
by Leobardo Manuel Gómez-OlivánThis book gathers the main international research findings on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as emerging contaminants in water. It focuses on the major routes of exposure, and the destinations and life cycles of NSAIDs in water, as well as the manifestations of toxicity in different organisms. It also reviews the methods used in the detection, analysis and quantification of NSAIDs in water as well as the biological and chemical methods of removing them. Lastly, the book offers an overview of the legal frameworks in place and provides conclusions and recommendations for the future. Given its scope, the book is an indispensable resource for scientists in academia and industry, as well as for decision-makers involved in contamination assessment and environmental analysis and NGOs interested in the problem of water contamination by NSAIDs.
Non-thermal Food Engineering Operations
by Enrique Ortega-RivasA number of food engineering operations, in which heat is not used as a preserving factor, have been employed and are applied for preparation (cleaning, sorting, etc.), conversion (milling, agglomeration, etc.) or preservation (irradiation, high pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, etc.) purposes in the food industry. This book presents a comprehensive treatise of all normally used food engineering operations that are carried out at room (or ambient) conditions, whether they are aimed at producing microbiologically safe foods with minimum alteration to sensory and nutritive properties, or they constitute routine preparative or transformation operations. The book is written for both undergraduate and graduate students, as well as for educators and practicing food process engineers. It reviews theoretical concepts, analyzes their use in operating variables of equipment, and discusses in detail different applications in diverse food processes.
Non-Thermal Processing Technologies for the Dairy Industry
by M. Selvamuthukumaran and Sajid MaqsoodThe dairy industry usually adopts conventional methods of processing various milk-based food products, which can destroy nutrients and minimize organoleptic qualities. An alternative approach for this is the non-conventional method of non-thermal processing techniques. Not only does this enhance the nutritional profile of the various processed products, but increases the consumer acceptability. There are some emerging non-thermal processing techniques such as pulsed light, cold plasma, high pressure processing, ultrasonic, UV pasteurization, or ozone treatments, which can be successfully employed in dairy processing industries to enhance product acceptability, safety, and quality aspects. Non-Thermal Processing Technologies for the Dairy Industry describes several emerging non-thermal processing techniques that can be specially employed for the dairy processing industry. The book narrates the benefits of using pulsed light, cold plasma, high pressure and ultrasonic during processing of various dairy products. Key Features: Addresses techniques used for extraction of functional food components from various dairy products by using super critical CO2 extraction technology. Explains application of ozone and cold plasma technology for treating dairy processing waste waters with efficient recycling aspects. Discusses the importance of using biopreservatives in shelf life extension of several dairy food products. Portrays scope and significant importance of adopting UV pasteurization in processing market milk along with safety and environmental impacts over processing This book solves the issue of waste generation in dairy industries and further advises recovery of such waste for efficient recycling process. In addition to being useful for dairy technologists, it is a great source for academic scholars and students looking to gain knowledge and excel in the non-thermal procesing area.
Non-Timber Forest Products: Food, Healthcare and Industrial Applications
by Azamal Husen Rakesh Kumar Bachheti Archana BachhetiForests cover thirty-one percent of the world’s land surface, provide habitats for animals, livelihoods for humans, and generate household income in rural areas of developing countries. They also supply other essential amenities, for instance, they filter water, control water runoff, protect soil erosion, regulate climate, store nutrients, and facilitate countless non-timber forest products (NTFPs). The main NTFPs comprise herbs, grasses, climbers, shrubs, and trees used for food, fodder, fuel, beverages, medicine, animals, birds and fish for food, fur, and feathers, as well as their products, like honey, lac, silk, and paper. At present, these products play an important role in the daily life and well-being of millions of people worldwide. Hence the forest and its products are very valuable and often NTFPs are considered as the ‘potential pillars of sustainable forestry’. NTFPs items like food, herbal drugs, forage, fuel-wood, fountain, fibre, bamboo, rattans, leaves, barks, resins, and gums have been continuously used and exploited by humans. Wild edible foods are rich in terms of vitamins, protein, fat, sugars, and minerals. Additionally, some NTFPs are used as important raw materials for pharmaceutical industries. Numerous industry-based NTFPs are now being exported in considerable quantities by developing countries. Accordingly, this sector facilitates employment opportunities in remote rural areas. So, these developments also highlight the role of NTFPs in poverty alleviation in different regions of the world. This book provides a wide spectrum of information on NTFPs, including important references. We hope that the compendium of chapters in this book will be very useful as a reference book for graduate and postgraduate students and researchers in various disciplines of forestry, botany, medical botany, economic botany, ecology, agroforestry, and biology. Additionally, this book should be useful for scientists, experts, and consultants associated with the forestry sector.
Non-Timber Forest Products in the Global Context
by Charlie Shackleton Patricia Shanley Sheona ShackletonThis book provides a comprehensive, global synthesis of current knowledge on the potential and challenges associated with the multiple roles, use, management and marketing of non-timber forest products (NTFPs). There has been considerable research and policy effort surrounding NTFPs over the last two and half decades. The book explores the evolution of sentiments regarding the potential of NTFPs in promoting options for sustainable multi-purpose forest management, income generation and poverty alleviation. Based on a critical analysis of the debates and discourses it employs a systematic approach to present a balanced and realistic perspective on the benefits and challenges associated with NTFP use and management within local livelihoods and landscapes, supported with case examples from both the southern and northern hemispheres. This book covers the social, economic and ecological dimensions of NTFPs and closes with an examination of future prospects and research directions.
Non-traditional Approaches to Combat Antimicrobial Drug Resistance
by Mohmmad Younus Wani Aijaz AhmadThis book provides a detailed overview of the progress and challenges of non-traditional approaches for tackling antimicrobial resistance. The first chapter covers the factors that make microbes more likely to develop multidrug resistance. The book goes on to discuss the antimicrobial properties of propolis, essential oils and other microbial constituents that are used or under investigation to treat multidrug-resistant infections. Additionally, it covers alternative compounds that work as antimicrobial agents, their mechanisms of action, and how they might be utilized in conjunction with conventional drugs to circumvent drug resistance. The book explores the application of phage therapy and recent advancements in phage-based infection control with an emphasis on multidrug-resistant infections and discusses drug repurposing as a strategy to develop new antimicrobial agents efficiently and expeditiously. Additionally, it discusses the uses of nanoparticles in the treatment of infections brought on by multidrug-resistant pathogens and examines the use of different nanotechnology-based approaches to fudge microbial resistance mechanisms. It concludes by reviewing recent studies on microbial quorum-sensing systems and focuses on the significance of quorum-sensing systems in controlling microbial resistance mechanisms and at the same time highlights the importance and role of antimicrobial stewardship program to fight microbial infections. The book is an invaluable source of knowledge and information for academics, basic and clinical researchers, clinicians, and paramedic staff involved in one way or the other in the development and use of antimicrobial agents and strategies to combat multidrug resistance.
A Non-Traditional Guide to Physical Chemistry: Insights using Hydrogen
by Robert SchillerThis book introduces in a non-traditional way the laws of physical chemistry and its history starting in the 16th century. It reveals to the reader how physical chemists try to understand chemical processes in terms of physical laws. Hydrogen is the main focus of the book as its simplicity makes the relevant laws of nature easy to explain and its role in energetics in the near future is clear. With the basics at hand, the importance of hydrogen as a raw material in the industry and as an energy carrier in the near future is made clear. Only simple chemical processes are discussed and very little mathematics is used. Both the pleasure and use of this field of research are revealed to the interested reader. The expected readership is made of high school students, non-chemistry major freshmen, and general audience with an interest in chemistry. The real aim of this book is to prompt the reader to wonder.
Non-Universal Superconducting Gap Structure in Iron-Pnictides Revealed by Magnetic Penetration Depth Measurements
by Kenichiro HashimotoIn this book the author presents two important findings revealed by high-precision magnetic penetration depth measurements in iron-based superconductors which exhibit high-transition temperature superconductivity up to 55 K: one is the fact that the superconducting gap structure in iron-based superconductors depends on a detailed electronic structure of individual materials, and the other is the first strong evidence for the presence of a quantum critical point (QCP) beneath the superconducting dome of iron-based superconductors. The magnetic penetration depth is a powerful probe to elucidate the superconducting gap structure which is intimately related to the pairing mechanism of superconductivity. The author discusses the possible gap structure of individual iron-based superconductors by comparing the gap structure obtained from the penetration depth measurements with theoretical predictions, indicating that the non-universal superconducting gap structure in iron-pnictides can be interpreted in the framework of A1g symmetry. This result imposes a strong constraint on the pairing mechanism of iron-based superconductors. The author also shows clear evidence for the quantum criticality inside the superconducting dome from the absolute zero-temperature penetration depth measurements as a function of chemical composition. A sharp peak of the penetration depth at a certain composition demonstrates pronounced quantum fluctuations associated with the QCP, which separates two distinct superconducting phases. This gives the first convincing signature of a second-order quantum phase transition deep inside the superconducting dome, which may address a key question on the general phase diagram of unconventional superconductivity in the vicinity of a QCP.
Non-Vascular Interventional Radiology of the Abdomen
by Ronald S. ArellanoThis book is designed to provide a foundation for physicians-in-training and a quick guide to further enhance the skills set of practicing interventionalists. It is a concise reference manual covering the major aspects of clinical scenarios, procedures, and techniques. Non-Vascular Interventional Radiology of the Abdomen expertly addresses the planning and execution of commonly encountered procedures, including organ specific biopsies, abscess drainage, urinary interventions, gastrostomy, gastrojejunostomy, and biliary interventions.
Non-Wood Forest Products of Asia: Knowledge, Conservation and Livelihood (World Forests #25)
by A. Z. M. Manzoor Rashid Niaz Ahmed Khan Mahmood HossainThis book highlights the importance of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) and their crucial role in sustaining the livelihood of rural and indigenous communities in Asia. The authors depict how the preservation of forests and the associated major non-wood resources may provide an important avenue to reduce poverty. The local practices and knowledge on harvesting NWFPs are often rooted in tradition, and vary from one region to the other. This made it difficult to develop and establish research focus on a greater scale in the past. Readers of this volume will gain an often-missed, broader perspective from these new studies. The authors put a special emphasis on the nexus between conservation and livelihood from an Asian point of view. This addresses a knowledge gap in the current literature and offers important clues on conducting similar research around the world. The volume provides a useful reference guide for the relevant researchers, practitioners and policy makers.