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Modified Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications: Electrochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties (Engineering Materials)
by Onoyivwe Monday Ama Suprakas Sinha Ray Peter Ogbemudia OsifoThis book focuses on the electrochemical and nanostructural properties of new photoanode/electrolyte combinations used in the development of novel surface-modified nanomaterials for environmental applications. As water treatment is rapidly becoming a global challenge due to the increasing complexity and number of the various pollutants present, the book explores fundamental issues relating to environmental applications of nanomaterials. It addresses relevant topics ranging from electrochemical synthesis and characterization, to applications of photoanodes in corrosion prevention and biosensors for wastewater treatment. Featuring up-to-date experimental results on nanomaterials for detection of pharmaceuticals and heavy metals in wastewater, this contributed volume is useful to electrochemical researchers, materials scientists, and chemical and civil engineers interested in advanced photoelectrochemical research for environmental applications.
Modified Nucleic Acids
by Kazuhiko Nakatani Yitzhak TorThis book spans diverse aspects of modified nucleic acids, from chemical synthesis and spectroscopy to in vivo applications, and highlights studies on chemical modifications of the backbone and nucleobases. Topics discussed include fluorescent pyrimidine and purine analogs, enzymatic approaches to the preparation of modified nucleic acids, emission and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for studying nucleic acid structure and dynamics, non-covalent binding of low- and high-MW ligands to nucleic acids and the design of unnatural base pairs. This unique book addresses new developments and is designed for graduate level and professional research purposes.
Modified Nucleic Acids in Biology and Medicine
by Stefan Jurga Volker A. Erdmann Jan BarciszewskiThis volume is comprised of 18 chapters, covering various aspects of DNA modification and RNA modified bases. It also discusses in detail circular RNA, therapeutic oligonucleotides and their different properties. The chemical nature of DNA, RNA, protein and lipids makes these macromolecules easily modifiable, but they are also susceptible to damage from both endogenous and exogenous agents. Alkylation and oxidation show a potential to disrupt the cellular redox equilibrium and cause cellular damage leading to inflammation and even chronic disease. Furthermore, DNA damage can drive mutagenesis and the resulting DNA sequence changes can induce carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Modified nucleosides can occur as a result of oxidative DNA damage and RNA turnover, and are used as markers for various diseases. To function properly some RNA needs to be chemically modified post-transcriptionally. Dysregulation of the RNA-modification pattern or of the levels of the enzymes that catalyze these modifications alters RNA functionality and can result in complex phenotypes, likely due to defects in protein translation. While modifications are best characterized in noncoding ribonucleic acids like tRNA and rRNA, coding mRNAs have also been found to contain modified nucleosides. This book is a valuable resource, not only for graduate students but also researchers in the fields of molecular medicine and molecular biology.
Modular Multilevel Converters: Control, Fault Detection, and Protection (IEEE Press Series on Power and Energy Systems)
by Fujin Deng Chengkai Liu Zhe ChenModular Multilevel Converters Expert discussions of cutting-edge methods used in MMC control, protection, and fault detection In Modular Multilevel Converters: Control, Fault Detection, and Protection, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive discussion of fault detection, protection, and tolerant control of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) under internal and external faults. Beginning with a description of the configuration of MMCs, their operation principles, modulation schemes, mathematical models, and component design, the authors go on to explore output control, fault detection, capacitor monitoring, and other topics of central importance in the field. The book offers summaries of centralized capacitor voltage-balancing control methods and presents several capacitor monitoring methods, like the direct and sorting-based techniques. It also describes full-bridge and half-bridge submodule-based hybrid MMC protection methods and alternative fault blocking SM-based MMCs. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to modular multilevel converters, including circuits, operation principles, modulation, mathematical models, components, and design constraints In-depth discussions of the control of modular multilevel converters, including output control, centralized capacitor voltage control, and individual capacitor voltage control Comprehensive explorations of fault detection of MMCs under IGBT faults, including short-circuit and open-circuit faults, as well as fault-tolerant control of MMCs Fulsome treatments of the control of MMCs under AC grid faults, including discussions of AC-side current control Perfect for electrical engineering researchers, Modular Multilevel Converters: Control, Fault Detection, and Protection, will also earn a place in the libraries of electrical engineers working in industry, as well as undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in MMCs.
Modular Multilevel Converters: Analysis, Control, and Applications (IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering)
by Sixing Du Apparao Dekka Bin Wu Navid ZargariAn invaluable academic reference for the area of high-power converters, covering all the latest developments in the field High-power multilevel converters are well known in industry and academia as one of the preferred choices for efficient power conversion. Over the past decade, several power converters have been developed and commercialized in the form of standard and customized products that power a wide range of industrial applications. Currently, the modular multilevel converter is a fast-growing technology and has received wide acceptance from both industry and academia. Providing adequate technical background for graduate- and undergraduate-level teaching, this book includes a comprehensive analysis of the conventional and advanced modular multilevel converters employed in motor drives, HVDC systems, and power quality improvement. Modular Multilevel Converters: Analysis, Control, and Applications provides an overview of high-power converters, reference frame theory, classical control methods, pulse width modulation schemes, advanced model predictive control methods, modeling of ac drives, advanced drive control schemes, modeling and control of HVDC systems, active and reactive power control, power quality problems, reactive power, harmonics and unbalance compensation, modeling and control of static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) and unified power quality compensators. Furthermore, this book: Explores technical challenges, modeling, and control of various modular multilevel converters in a wide range of applications such as transformer and transformerless motor drives, high voltage direct current transmission systems, and power quality improvement Reflects the latest developments in high-power converters in medium-voltage motor drive systems Offers design guidance with tables, charts graphs, and MATLAB simulations Modular Multilevel Converters: Analysis, Control, and Applications is a valuable reference book for academic researchers, practicing engineers, and other professionals in the field of high power converters. It also serves well as a textbook for graduate-level students.
Modular Robots: Theory and Practice (Research on Intelligent Manufacturing)
by Guilin Yang I-Ming ChenThis book introduces the latest advances in modular robotics, and presents a unified geometric framework for modeling, analysis, and design of modular robots, including kinematics, dynamics, calibration, and configuration optimization. Supplementing the main content with a wealth of illustrations, the book offers a valuable guide for researchers, engineers and graduate students in the fields of mechatronics, robotics, and automation who wish to learn about the theory and practice of modular robots.
Modular System Design and Evaluation
by Mark Sh. LevinThis book examines seven key combinatorial engineering frameworks (composite schemes consisting of algorithms and/or interactive procedures) for hierarchical modular (composite) systems. These frameworks are based on combinatorial optimization problems (e. g. , knapsack problem, multiple choice problem, assignment problem, morphological clique problem), with the author's version of morphological design approach - Hierarchical Morphological Multicritieria Design (HMMD) - providing a conceptual lens with which to elucidate the examples discussed. This approach is based on ordinal estimates of design alternatives for systems parts/components, however, the book also puts forward an original version of HMMD that is based on new interval multiset estimates for the design alternatives with special attention paid to the aggregation of modular solutions (system versions). The second part of 'Modular System Design and Evaluation' provides ten information technology case studies that enriches understanding of the design of system design, detection of system bottlenecks and system improvement, amongst others. The book is intended for researchers and scientists, students, and practitioners in many domains of information technology and engineering. The book is also designed to be used as a text for courses in system design, systems engineering and life cycle engineering at the level of undergraduate level, graduate/PhD levels, and for continuing education. The material and methods contained in this book were used over four years in Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) in the author's faculty course "System Design".
Modular Systems for Energy and Fuel Recovery and Conversion (Sustainable Energy Strategies)
by Yatish T. ShahModular Systems for Energy and Fuel Recovery and Conversion surveys the benefits of the modular approach in the front end of the energy industry. The book also outlines strategies for managing modular approaches for fossil, renewable, and nuclear energy resource recovery and conversion with the help of successful industrial examples. The book points out that while the modular approach is most applicable for distributed and small-scale energy systems, it is also often used for parts of large-scale centralized systems. With the help of successful industrial examples of modular approaches for energy and fuel recovery and conversion, the book points out the need for more balance between large-scale centralized systems and small-scale distributed systems to serve the energy needs of rural and isolated communities. Coal, oil, natural gas, hydrogen, biomass, waste, nuclear, geothermal solar, wind, and hydro energy are examined, showing that modular operations are very successfully used in all these components of the energy industry. Aimed at academic researchers and industry professionals, this book provides successful examples and analysis of the modular operation for energy and fuel recovery and conversion. It is also a reference for those who are engaged in the development of modular systems for energy and fuel recovery and conversion.
Modulated Apertures and Resolution in Microscopy (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Abdallah Mohamed HamedThis book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students specializing in optical engineering and optical sciences. Comprising three distinct parts, it addresses fundamental aspects and practical applications of modulated apertures in microscopy. The first part delves into the fabrication of modulated apertures and the computation of impulse responses or point spread functions (PSFs). It offers essential insights into the foundational concepts of modulated aperture design. The second part focuses on the utilization of modulated apertures in speckle imaging, elucidating their significance and relevance in this context. This section provides a comprehensive understanding of the practical applications of modulated apertures in image formation. The third and final part explores the application of modulated apertures within the framework of a confocal scanning laser microscope. The objective here is to enhance microscope resolution and image contrast, contributing to the advancement of microscopy techniques. This book offers a concise and objective exploration of modulated apertures' fabrication, applications, and their potential to enhance microscopy. This book is a valuable reference for students and researchers seeking to deepen their knowledge in this specialized field.
Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Heart Disease
by Naranjan S. Dhalla Nirmal K. Ganguly Sajal Chakraborti Madhu DikshitThis book highlights the multifaceted roles of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in modulating normal cellular and molecular mechanisms during the development of different types of heart disease. Each chapter in the book deals with the role that altered redox homeostasis plays in the pathophysiology of heart disease. In addition, the book explains how reactive oxidant species interact with their targets and provides novel strategies for attenuating oxidative stress-induced types of heart disease.The book not only covers ROS-induced response in heart disease at the cellular level, but also demonstrates that an imbalance of redox states has its roots in our genes, and explains the ways gene expression is regulated. In turn, it reviews potential sources of ROS, their pathological effects on the heart, and potential sites for therapeutic interventions.
Modulation of Presynaptic Calcium Channels
by Gary Stephens Sumiko MochidaThis book will bring together leading international experts to discuss recent advances in basic scientific knowledge regarding the regulation of presynaptic Ca2+ channels. Importantly, Ca2+ channels represent one of the most widely modulated proteins in the body, being the target of a range of effector pathways and drugs; this range will be fully represented here. A number of therapeutic drugs target the Ca2+ channel complex, including the anti-epileptic gabapentinoid and analgesic ziconotide drugs and the pharmaceutical industry is searching for Ca2+ channel blocking drugs, particularly in the pain, epilepsy, ataxia and migraine areas. Such potential future therapies will be discussed here. Scientific disciplines will focus on electrophysiological studies, but will extend to neuroscience, genetics and biochemical areas. The work described will represent advances at the cutting edge of current neuroscience research and is timely and highly appropriate for the Springer book series.
Modulation of Protein Stability in Cancer Therapy
by Eric Rubin Kathleen SakamotoThe book that Sakamoto proposes along with Eric Ruben will be a comprehensive monograph on the role of protein modulation in cancer therapeutics; it will focus on targeting molecules that regulate protein stability in a variety of tumors.
Möglichkeiten der Kanalzustandsprognose: Grundlage der betrieblichen Anlagenoptimierung – ein Methodenvergleich
by Andrzej RaganowiczDieses Buch bietet eine detaillierte Darstellung der Vorgehensweise der Erstellung von Kanalzustandsprognosen sowie eine praxisorientierte Anleitung für die Interpretation der Ergebnisse.
Moisture Transport in Polymer Composite Materials: Computational Modelling and Experiments (Advanced Structured Materials #160)
by J.M.P.Q. Delgado A. G. Barbosa de Lima Laura H. CarvalhoThis book provides valuable information about fiber-reinforced polymer composites, with emphasis in the process of water absorption by experiments and simulation. In this monograph, we present and discuss emerging topics related to fundamentals, engineering applications, advanced mathematical modeling applied to Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion processes, analytical and computational procedures and experiments on water absorption of polymer composites reinforced by vegetable fibers. The book serves as a comprehensive learning tool for engineers, professionals, and researchers involved in this advanced interdisciplinary field, and as a reference work for both undergraduate and graduate courses.
The Mold In Dr. Florey's Coat: The Story Of The Penicillin Miracle
by Eric LaxAlexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in his London laboratory in 1928 and its eventual development as the first antibiotic by a team at Oxford University headed by Howard Florey and Ernst Chain in 1942 led to the introduction of the most important family of drugs of the twentieth century. <P><P> Yet credit for penicillin is largely misplaced. Neither Fleming nor Florey and his associates ever made real money from their achievements; instead it was the American labs that won patents on penicillin's manufacture and drew royalties from its sale. Why this happened, why it took fourteen years to develop penicillin, and how it was finally done is a fascinating story of quirky individuals, missed opportunities, medical prejudice, brilliant science, shoestring research, wartime pressures, misplaced modesty, conflicts between mentors and their protegees, and the passage of medicine from one era to the next. <P> Includes Bibliographic references and extensive notes. At the end of the book, after the index are pages of photo captions with some image descriptions.
Molded Optics: Design and Manufacture (Series in Optics and Optoelectronics)
by Michael Schaub Jim Schwiegerling Eric Fest R. Hamilton Shepard Alan SymmonsWhile several available texts discuss molded plastic optics, none provide information on all classes of molded optics. Filling this gap, Molded Optics: Design and Manufacture presents detailed descriptions of molded plastic, glass, and infrared optics. Since an understanding of the manufacturing process is necessary to develop cost-effective, produ
Molds and Fungi
by Buffy SilvermanMolds and other fungi live all over the world. Despite the amazing variety of fungi, all are alike in important ways. This book describes the characteristics of the fungi kingdom and portrays the life cycles of unusual and important fungi. The role of fungi in the food chain is explored, as is the impact of fungi on people.
Molds, Mushrooms, and Medicines: Our Lifelong Relationship with Fungi
by Nicholas P. MoneyThe hidden role of fungi inside and all around usFrom beneficial yeasts that aid digestion to toxic molds that cause disease, we are constantly navigating a world filled with fungi. Molds, Mushrooms, and Medicines explores the amazing ways fungi interact with our bodies, showing how our health and well-being depend on an immense ecosystem of yeasts and molds inside and all around us.Nicholas Money takes readers on a guided tour of a marvelous unseen realm, describing how our immune systems are engaged in continuous conversation with the teeming mycobiome inside the body, and how we can fall prey to serious and even life-threatening infections when this peaceful coexistence is disturbed. He also sheds light on our complicated relationship with fungi outside the body, from wild mushrooms and cultivated molds that have been staples of the human diet for millennia to the controversial experimentation with magic mushrooms in the treatment of depression.Drawing on the latest advances in mycology, Molds, Mushrooms, and Medicines reveals what scientists are learning about the importance of fungi to our lives, from their vital role in supporting the ecosystems on which we depend to their emerging uses in lifesaving medicine.
A Moldy Mystery (Science Solves It!)
by Michelle KnudsenSolve kid-sized dilemmas and mysteries with the Science Solves It! series. These fun books for kids ages 5–8 blend clever stories with real-life science. Why did the dog turn green? Can you control a hiccup? Is that a UFO? Find the answers to these questions and more as kid characters dive into physical, life, and earth sciences. It's gross! It's aliiiive! After a moldy mix-up, Jeff has to do the unthinkable—and fast! Books in this perfect STEM series will help kids think like scientists and get ahead in the classroom. Activities and experiments are included in every book! (Level Two; Science topic: Mold)
A Mole of Chemistry: An Historical and Conceptual Approach to Fundamental Ideas in Chemistry
by Caroline Desgranges Jerome DelhommelleA Mole of Chemistry: An Historical and Conceptual Approach to Fundamental Ideas in Chemistry is intended for students in their undergraduate years who need to learn the basics of chemistry, including science and engineering as well as humanities. This is a companion textbook which provides a unique perspective on how the main scientific concepts describing nature were discovered and, eventually, how modern chemistry was born. The book makes use of context found in history, philosophy and the arts to better understand their developments, and with as few mathematical equations as possible. The focus is then set on scientific reasoning, making this book a great companion and addition to traditional chemistry textbooks. <P><P>Features: <li>A companion for a general chemistry textbook and provides an historical approach to fundamental chemistry <li>Presents origins of fundamental ideas in chemical science and the focus is then set on scientific reasoning <li>User friendly and with as few mathematical equations as possible <P><P>About the Authors: <P><P>Dr. Caroline Desgranges earned a DEA in Physics in 2005 at the University Paul Sabatier – Toulouse III (France) and a PhD in Chemical Engineering at the University of South Carolina (USA) in 2008. <P><P>Dr. Jerome Delhommelle earned his PhD in Chemistry at the University of Paris XI-Orsay (France) in 2000. He is currently working as an Associate Professor in Chemistry at the University of North Dakota.
Molecular Advances in Insect Resistance of Field Crops: Modern and Applied Approaches
by Amarjit S. TandaBased on the understanding that tolerance to pest pressure increases with less crop stress, this book covers all aspects of the molecular mechanisms underlying insect resistance in field crops. Detailed descriptions, accompanied by numerous photographs and schematic drawings, are available for “hot topics” such as genetically engineered crops, crispr/cas9 system, insect pest resistance technology, host plant resistance, and other major breakthroughs. Specific case studies include, but not limit to, the use of insect resistant cultivars in IPMT programs, utilization of glucosinolate-myrosinase processes in oilseed crops, and role of genetic in rice breeding technology.
Molecular Analyses (Medical Genomics and Proteomics)
by Scott O. RogersDNA and RNA extraction methods from a variety of tissues and samples are now routine, including extraction from single cells. Many methods are now automated. Sequencing efficiency has reached the point where it is now possible to obtain gigabases of data, both quickly and inexpensively. Such methods permit the identification of gene versions, including those associated with disease (e.g. small nucleotide polymorphism analyses, or SNPs). The general public as well as clinicians can now access a wide variety of literature on the molecular bases of diseases, allowing them to better assess disease risks and treatments. This volume concentrates on medically-focused methods, and therefore the major audience will be medical professionals, students, and those involved in medically-related research endeavors. There are also papers in this volume dealing specifically with methods developed to analyze large sequence data sets. Many methods reviewed herein are more broadly applicable to other fields in biology, chemistry, bioinformatics, and bioengineering, and are intended for a broad readership. Key Features Summarizes nucleic acid extractions from a wide variety of tissues and cells Describes processes of nucleic acid preservation Reviews forensic sampling, detection of nucleic acids, and delivery of nucleic acids to multicellular organisms Provides essential guidance for sequencing, sequence analysis, database searches, and phylogenetic analyses Includes additional methods useful for analysis of nucleic acids and proteins Related Titles DeSalle, et al. Phylogenomics: A Primer (ISBN 978-0-3670-2849-7). Jennings, W. B. Phylogenomic Data Acquisition: Principles and Practice (ISBN 978-0-3678-6980-9). Wang, X. Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis (ISBN 978-1-4822-1788-9) Sung, W.-K. Algorithms for Next-Generation Sequencing (ISBN 978-0-3676-5797-0)
Molecular Analysis and Genome Discovery
by Stuart Harbron Ralph RapleyMolecular Analysis and Genome Discovery, Second Edition is a completely revised and updated new edition of this successful book. The text provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the fast moving field of molecular based diagnostics of disease markers. Key concepts and applications are provided alongside practical information on current techniques currently being researched and developed. Each chapter offers an up-to-date analysis of the subject encompassing the very latest technology platforms and is an essential reference for researchers in the field looking for an up-to-date overview of the subject. The book will also be an indispensable resource for those working in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. New for this edition: chapters on Genotyping through Mutation Detection; Differential Gene Expression; Haplotyping and Molecular Profiling.
Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology
by Robert C. Smart Ernest HodgsonWritten as an advanced text for toxicology students, this book is much more than an introduction and provides in-depth information describing the underlying mechanisms through which toxicants produce their adverse responses.• Links traditional toxicology to modern molecular techniques, important for teaching to graduate courses and professional studies• Uses a didactic approach with basic biological or theoretical background for the methodology presented• Brings together and comprehensively covers a range of dynamic aspects in biochemical and molecular toxicology• Guides student and professional toxicologists in comprehending a broad range of issues, compiled and authored by a diverse group of experts• “A good introductory textbook covering the biochemical toxicology of organic substances and the relevant methodology in some detail.... It offers good value for money and can be recommended as a textbook for appropriate courses” – BTS Newsletter review of the 4th edition
Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology
by Robert C. Smart Ernest HodgsonAn essential resource for graduate students, academic and industrial toxicologists, and environmental health scientists and professionalsOver the course of thirty years and three editions, Introduction to Biochemical Toxicology has been an important source for coverage of the ongoing quest to define the biochemical, cellular, and molecular events induced by toxicants at the cellular and organismic levels. Now, as the principles and methods of molecular and cellular biology as well as genomic sciences play an ever increasing role in mechanistic toxicology, significant changes have been made to the book, resulting in this important new edition-now titled Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Fourth Edition.Much more than an introductory text, this crucial new edition has been completely revised to provide timely and thorough coverage of the underlying biochemical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms through which toxicants produce their adverse effects. Toxicological issues are covered from the molecule to the cell to the organ level. Complex methods used in toxicology are also described in a straightforward, easy-to-understand style. Additional features of this new edition include:New chapters that explore the interface between toxicology and genomic sciences, including: bioinformatics, proteomics, metabolomics, and toxicogenomicsIncreased emphasis on structure, mechanism, and regulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, toxicogenetics, and xenobiotic transportersAdditional new chapters on: molecular epidemiology and genetic susceptibility, DNA damage and mutagenesis, DNA repair, mechanisms of cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, metals, reproductive toxicology, developmental toxicology, and reactive oxygen/metabolites and toxicityMolecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Fourth Edition guides graduate students, toxicologists, and environmental health professionals through the principles of molecular and biochemical toxicology and the complex mechanisms of toxicity. Whether it's used in the classroom or in industry, research, or academia, this book is essential for anyone interested in understanding the molecular mechanisms through which toxicants produce adverse effects.