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Non-Timber Forest Products: Medicinal Herbs, Fungi, Edible Fruits and Nuts, and Other Natural Products from the Forest
by Marla R Emery Rebecca J MclainBalance the culture of wildcrafting with the demands of sustainable forest management. This comprehensive book documents the current use, research, and policy concerns relating to harvesting non-timber forest products (NTFPs). It provides a state-of-the-art review of historical and contemporary wildcrafting, ongoing research on economically useful forest products, and sociopolitical and environmental considerations for NTFP management. The implications of harvesting NTFPs are usually considered in the context of the Third World, but this unique book offers an analysis of current conditions in North America and integrates the historical, social, ecological, and policy aspects of NTFP use. It addresses the issues that arise when the primeval practice of gathering wild plants, fungi, leaves, and bark occurs in a post-industrial world. Non-Timber Forest Products: Medicinal Herbs, Fungi, Edible Fruits and Nuts, and Others.
Non-Universal Superconducting Gap Structure in Iron-Pnictides Revealed by Magnetic Penetration Depth Measurements
by Kenichiro HashimotoIn this book the author presents two important findings revealed by high-precision magnetic penetration depth measurements in iron-based superconductors which exhibit high-transition temperature superconductivity up to 55 K: one is the fact that the superconducting gap structure in iron-based superconductors depends on a detailed electronic structure of individual materials, and the other is the first strong evidence for the presence of a quantum critical point (QCP) beneath the superconducting dome of iron-based superconductors. The magnetic penetration depth is a powerful probe to elucidate the superconducting gap structure which is intimately related to the pairing mechanism of superconductivity. The author discusses the possible gap structure of individual iron-based superconductors by comparing the gap structure obtained from the penetration depth measurements with theoretical predictions, indicating that the non-universal superconducting gap structure in iron-pnictides can be interpreted in the framework of A1g symmetry. This result imposes a strong constraint on the pairing mechanism of iron-based superconductors. The author also shows clear evidence for the quantum criticality inside the superconducting dome from the absolute zero-temperature penetration depth measurements as a function of chemical composition. A sharp peak of the penetration depth at a certain composition demonstrates pronounced quantum fluctuations associated with the QCP, which separates two distinct superconducting phases. This gives the first convincing signature of a second-order quantum phase transition deep inside the superconducting dome, which may address a key question on the general phase diagram of unconventional superconductivity in the vicinity of a QCP.
Non-Vascular Interventional Radiology of the Abdomen
by Ronald S. ArellanoThis book is designed to provide a foundation for physicians-in-training and a quick guide to further enhance the skills set of practicing interventionalists. It is a concise reference manual covering the major aspects of clinical scenarios, procedures, and techniques. Non-Vascular Interventional Radiology of the Abdomen expertly addresses the planning and execution of commonly encountered procedures, including organ specific biopsies, abscess drainage, urinary interventions, gastrostomy, gastrojejunostomy, and biliary interventions.
Non-Wood Forest Products of Asia: Knowledge, Conservation and Livelihood (World Forests #25)
by Niaz Ahmed Khan A. Z. M. Manzoor Rashid Mahmood HossainThis book highlights the importance of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) and their crucial role in sustaining the livelihood of rural and indigenous communities in Asia. The authors depict how the preservation of forests and the associated major non-wood resources may provide an important avenue to reduce poverty. The local practices and knowledge on harvesting NWFPs are often rooted in tradition, and vary from one region to the other. This made it difficult to develop and establish research focus on a greater scale in the past. Readers of this volume will gain an often-missed, broader perspective from these new studies. The authors put a special emphasis on the nexus between conservation and livelihood from an Asian point of view. This addresses a knowledge gap in the current literature and offers important clues on conducting similar research around the world. The volume provides a useful reference guide for the relevant researchers, practitioners and policy makers.
Non-axisymmetric Local Stability Loss of a Hollow Cylinder: Three-Dimensional Stability Loss in Time-Dependent Composites (Synthesis Lectures on Mechanical Engineering)
by Surkay D. Akbarov Zafer Kutug Muhammad Yousaf AnwarThe book presents formulations and examples of three-dimensional non-axisymmetric stability in viscoelastic anisotropic cylindrical shells. The most critical stability loss modes are determined by minimizing the critical loads and critical times with respect to the number of half-waves in radial as well as transverse directions. Currently, there is no literature available on three-dimensional local buckling analysis (or localized warpage) that considers non-axisymmetric stability loss in viscoelastic cylindrical shells. The contents of this book provide the formulation for such a stability loss analysis through the framework of the three-dimensional linearized theory of stability. Additionally, as this book addresses the problem by modeling the material as a viscoelastic fibrous composite, it can be applied to carry out buckling analysis in both elastic and viscoelastic cases.Guide to modelling composite viscoelastic shell elements for buckling analysisProvides a framework for defining the failure criterion for viscoelastic materialsCourse material for teaching shell buckling and viscoelastic composites
Non-chemical Methods for Disinfestation of Stored Products
by Jeyan A. MosesThis reference book covers traditional and recent technologies in the disinfestation of stored foods. Storage of durables is challenging and demands scientific management protocols. Chemical fumigants have been used for decades, and several reports detail their impact on the environment, in addition to other concerns. This book focuses on the use of non-chemical methods of disinfestation in durables like cereals, pulses, oilseeds, millets, and spices. It discusses important disinfestation techniques like biological control, extreme-temperature-based approaches, insect-repellent packaging, and nano-based techniques. The book also covers the detection of pests and some chemical methods of disinfestation. It is an important reference for professionals, researchers, industry personnel, and post-graduate students in the field of food and grain storage.Key Features: Focuses on the non-chemical methods for grain disinfestation Reviews the rising need for a shift to non-chemical methods of disinfestation of stored foods Includes a blend of topics on entomology, food engineering, food design, and regulations Discusses conventional methods of disinfestation as well as chemical approaches Covers topics like extreme temperature-based approaches, dielectric heating, insect traps, and use of inert materials
Non-classical States of Light: Generation via Strong-Field Processes and Applications in Quantum Key Distribution (Springer Theses)
by Javier Rivera-DeanThis doctoral thesis has a dual focus. Firstly, it studies the generation of non-classical states of light through strong-field processes, where light-matter interactions involve light intensities contending with the forces binding electrons to their nuclei. This exploration demonstrates the utility of strong-field phenomena in generating non-classical states of light, with properties dependent on specific dynamics and materials involved in the excitation. Secondly, it investigates the constraints and prerequisites of non-classical light sources—beyond those studied in the first part—for advancing quantum communication applications,specifically in quantum key distribution. The aim here is to create a secret key exclusively known by the communicating parties for encrypting and decrypting messages. As a whole, this work serves as a foundational step towards leveraging strong-field physics as a prospective tool for quantum information science applications, as well as displaying the advantages and limitations of photonic-based setups for quantum key distribution. With its very clear style of presentation, the book is an essential reference for future researchers working in this field.
Non-coding RNA and the Reproductive System
by Dagmar Wilhelm Pascal BernardThis book provides an overview of the role and function of regulatory RNAs that lack protein-coding potential in key reproductive tissues. This includes the role of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Through clear, detailed and comprehensive debate, international leading experts discuss the role these novel regulators in normal development of sexual dimorphisms, including the differentiation of ovaries and testes, the genital tract including prostate, epididymis and uterus, as well as mammary glands. In addition, particular attention is paid on their role in pathophysiological processes within the reproductive tract. The power of next generation sequencing has proved to be an invaluable tool to discover new non-coding RNAs. While the identification of non-coding RNA is relatively easy, analysing their function represents still a challenge today. In this book, authors present historical and conceptual background information, highlight the ways in which non-coding RNAs function is analysed and present their vision of the future research in their key research area.
Non-coding RNAs and Cancer
by Muller FabbriThe discovery of microRNAs and its role as gene expression regulators in human carcinogenesis represents one of the most important scientific achievements of the last decade. More recently, other non-coding RNAs have been discovered and its implications in cancer are emerging as well, suggesting a broader than anticipated involvement of the non-coding genome in cancer. Moreover, completely new and unexpected functions for microRNAs are being revealed, leading to the identification of new anticancer molecular targets. This book represents a comprehensive guide on non-coding RNAs and cancer, spanning from its role as cancer biomarkers, to providing the most useful bioinformatic tools, to presenting some of the most relevant discoveries, which indicates how these fascinating molecules act as fine orchestrators of cancer biology.
Non-coding RNAs and Inter-kingdom Communication
by Ana Lúcia Leitão Francisco J. EnguitaThis book presents a state-of-the-art compilation of articles on the role of non-coding RNAs as pivotal molecules for establishing functional relationships between different organisms. It also describes how non-coding RNA molecules can act as dynamic communication devices and how they modulate the interaction between different kingdoms. It describes examples including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and higher organisms such as protozoa that are involved in pathogenic or symbiotic interactions, and the roles of different families of non-coding RNAs within these relationships. Each chapter provides readers molecular and functional insights, breaking down the subjacent mechanisms and exploring their functional implications and future applications. More than sixty years after the foundation of the "RNA tie club" by George Gamow, new roles for non-coding RNA molecules are starting to be revealed.
Non-coding RNAs at the Cross-Road of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Cancer
by Paul HolvoetThis book gives insight into the functional role of non-coding RNAs in central pathways contributing to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. It also sheds light on the relationship of this cluster with cancer. Tumor cells, in contrast to cells in cardiometabolic tissues, can regulate this cluster of non-coding RNAs to escape from oxidative stress and anti-tumor immunity and maintain insulin sensitivity, facilitating cancer progression. The book presents a cluster of non-coding RNAs that may be prospectively analyzed in extensive cohort studies to determine their value in risk-predicting machine learning algorithms. In addition, it emphasizes the role of microvesicles in communication between tumor-adjacent tissue, inflammatory cells, and tumor cells, with a special focus on the role of miR-155. The book intends to promote interdisciplinary research. Due to the comprehensive background information provided in each chapter, it is suitable for researchers in academia and industry and for graduate students in biology, bioengineering, and medicine.
Non-coding RNAs for Crop Improvement: Concepts and Applications
by Kavita Goswami Temesgen Assefa Gelaw Neeti Sanan-MishraThis edited book covers all aspects of non-coding RNAs analysis. Non-coding RNAs are critical genetic regulators that have evolved as game-changers in modifying plant responses to stress conditions. The book explores potential relationships between different classes of non-coding RNAs and response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. The chapters are organized into three sections. Section 1 provides a basic understanding of the various aspects and roles of RNA silencing. Section 2 includes an overview of the molecular techniques and computational methodologies used for identification and analysis of small RNAs. Discovery timelines are also provided to highlight the significance of next-generation sequencing over time. Section 3 of the book covers the applications of RNAi techniques to improve crops and develop stress-tolerant varieties. This book compiles all available data and computational approaches to analyze non-coding RNAs. It describes the general characteristics, categorization, functional analysis, and advancements in RNAi and its role in developing stress-resilient plants. This book is helpful for students and researchers to understand the role of non-coding RNAs, which opens new insights into next-generation sequencing. It serves as excellent reading material for undergraduate and graduate students studying molecular biology, bioinformatics, agriculture, and environmental sciences.
Non-coding RNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1229)
by Junjie XiaoThis book presents the latest research on non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular disease, a major cause of death worldwide. Non-coding RNAs play a significant role in development, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Since altered non-coding RNA expression is often associated with various diseases, their potential use in diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics is an important current area of study. The book consists of six parts: 1) An overview of non-coding RNAs and cardiovascular system, 2) Bioinformatics and interactions, 3) Non-coding RNA regulation in cardiovascular system, 4) Non-coding RNAs and cardiovascular diseases, 5) Potential biomarkers and therapeutic implications, 6) Future prospects. It is particularly useful for researchers and students in the field of non-coding RNA and cardiovascular biology, as well as for cardiologists, pharmacologists and physiologists.
Non-coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer
by Ondrej Slaby George A. CalinThis is the first book to provide a broad framework for obtaining an in depth understanding of the state-of-the-art knowledge on abnormalities of non-coding RNAs found to be associated with colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Readers will discover possible mechanisms underlying the substantial roles played by non-coding RNAs in molecular hallmarks of colorectal cancer. This work further provides the comprehensive overview and novel insights into using of non-coding RNAs as colorectal cancer biomarkers enabling early detection of the disease, prognostic stratification of the patients and prediction of therapeutic response. The reader is introduced to the overview of modern non-coding RNAs-based therapeutic strategies, and summary of their preclinical testing performed in colorectal cancer. The work is written for researchers who want to explore current state of the knowledge in this interesting field of molecular oncology.
Non-coding RNAs in Complex Diseases: A Bioinformatics Perspective (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1094)
by Xia Li Juan Xu Yun Xiao Shangwei Ning Yunpeng ZhangThis book offers an in-depth and comprehensive review on current understanding of regulatory ncRNAs in complex diseases from a view of bioinformatics. It conveys state-of-the-art bioinformatics tools and methods for ncRNAs from computational detection, functional prediction, to their roles in diseases. Computational methods used to investigate uncharacterised ncRNAs in diseases are mainly summarized in seven aspects: DNA variation of ncRNAs in diseases, prioritization of disease-related ncRNAs, dysregulation epigenetic factors that regulate ncRNA misexpression (DNA methylation and histone-modification), complex crosstalk across ncRNAs, ncRNAs acted as competing regulators to mediate the expression of protein-coding genes, non-coding RNAs mediated risk pathways,and their contributions to drug target predictions. The generally used data resources of ncRNAs are also listed in the end. This book provides important information on the current progress in the fast-moving fields of bioinformatics for regulatory ncRNAs. It provides a timely and useful reference for computational biologists, specifically with RNA interests, and other related areas.Prof. Xia Li is a Professor and the Dean of College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, China. Dr. Yun Xiao, Dr. Juan Xu, Dr. Shangwei Ning and Dr. Yunpeng Zhang are from College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, China.
Non-coding RNAs in the Vasculature
by Thomas Thum Stefanie DimmelerThis book focuses on the importance of regulatory RNAs in the vasculature. The main topics discussed include the role of regRNAs in vascular development and angiogenesis, ischemic cardiovascular disease and repair mechanisms, diabetic and metabolic vascular disease, atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation, as well as diagnostics of vascular disease using circulating miRNAs. Lastly, it offers an overview of emerging topics such as microvesicle-mediated miRNA cellular trafficking and the vascular importance of long non-coding RNAs. It is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students working in the field of vascular biology.
Non-coding RNAs in the Vasculature (Cardiac and Vascular Biology #2)
by Thomas Thum Stefanie DimmelerThis book focuses on the importance of regulatory RNAs in the vasculature. The main topics discussed include the role of regRNAs in vascular development and angiogenesis, ischemic cardiovascular disease and repair mechanisms, diabetic and metabolic vascular disease, atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation, as well as diagnostics of vascular disease using circulating miRNAs. Lastly, it offers an overview of emerging topics such as microvesicle-mediated miRNA cellular trafficking and the vascular importance of long non-coding RNAs. It is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students working in the field of vascular biology.
Non-conventional Unit Operations: Solving Practical Issues (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Flavio Manenti Alessandro Di PretoroThis volume presents both methodologies and numerical applications for the design of non-conventional unit operations in chemical processes and plants, which are rarely studied in depth at an academic level but have wide applications in the industrial sector. The first part discusses the design, comparison and optimization of heating and cooling operations that are different from simple heat exchange. The second and larger part offers a brief but effective overview of non-conventional separation processes, mainly focusing on the heterogeneous phases. Based on sample case studies, it extrapolates the process model equations and includes the numerical solution in order to provide a straightforward application example. The end of each chapter features a C++ code implementation to solve the ODE or nonlinear equations system using the BzzMath library.
Non-conventional Yeasts: from Basic Research to Application
by Andriy SibirnyThis volume scopes several aspects of non-conventional yeast research prepared by the leading specialists in the field. An introduction on taxonomy and systematics enhances the reader’s knowledge on yeasts beyond established ones such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnological approaches that involve fungal utilization of unusual substrates, production of biofuels and useful chemicals as citric acid, glutathione or erythritol are discussed. Further, strategies for metabolic engineering based on knowledge on regulation of gene expression as well as sensing and signaling pathways are presented. The book targets researchers and advanced students working in Microbiology, Microbial Biotechnology and Biochemistry.
Non-covalent Interactions in the Synthesis and Design of New Compounds
by Armando J. Pombeiro Maximilian N. Kopylovich Kamran T. Mahmudov Abel M. MaharramovThis book aims to overview the role of non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen and halogen bonding, π-π, π-anion and electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic effects and van der Waals forces in the synthesis of organic and inorganic compounds, as well as in design of new crystals and function materials. The proposed book should allow to combine, in a systematic way, recent advances on the application of non-covalent interactions in synthesis and design of new compounds and functional materials with significance in Inorganic, Organic, Coordination, Organometallic, Pharmaceutical, Biological and Material Chemistries. Therefore, it should present a multi- and interdisciplinary character assuring a rather broad scope. We believe it will be of interest to a wide range of academic and research staff concerning the synthesis of new compounds, catalysis and materials. Each chapter will be written by authors who are well known experts in their respective fields
Non-destructive Materials Characterization and Evaluation (Springer Series in Materials Science #329)
by Walter Arnold Klaus Goebbels Anish KumarThis book is devoted to non-destructive materials characterization (NDMC) using different non-destructive evaluation techniques. It presents theoretical basis, physical understanding, and technological developments in the field of NDMC with suitable examples for engineering and materials science applications. It is written for engineers and researchers in R&D, design, production, quality assurance, and non-destructive testing and evaluation. The relevance of NDMC is to achieve higher reliability, safety, and productivity for monitoring production processes and also for in-service inspections for detection of degradations, which are often precursors of macro-defects and failure of components. Ultrasonic, magnetic, electromagnetic and X-rays based NDMC techniques are discussed in detail with brief discussions on electron and positron based techniques.
Non-diffracting Waves
by Erasmo Recami Hugo E. Hernández-Figueroa Michel Zamboni-RachedThis continuation and extension of the successful book "Localized Waves" by the same editors brings together leading researchers in non-diffractive waves to cover the most important results in their field and as such is the first to present the current state.The well-balanced presentation of theory and experiments guides readers through the background of different types of non-diffractive waves, their generation, propagation, and possible applications. The authors include a historical account of the development of the field, and cover different types of non-diffractive waves, including Airy waves and realistic, finite-energy solutions suitable for experimental realization. Apart from basic research, the concepts explained here have promising applications in a wide range of technologies, from wireless communication to acoustics and bio-medical imaging.
Non-driven Micromechanical Gyroscopes and Their Applications
by Wei Zhang Fuxue Zhang Guosheng WangThis book comprehensively and systematically introduces readers to the theories, structures, performance and applications of non-driven mechanical and non-driven micromechanical gyroscopes. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which mainly addresses mathematic models, precision, performance and operating error in non-driven mechanical gyroscopes. The second part focuses on the operating theory, error, phase shift and performance experiments involving non-driven micromechanical gyroscopes in rotating flight carriers, while the third part shares insights into the application of non-driven micromechanical gyroscopes in control systems for rotating flight carriers. The book offers a unique resource for all researchers and engineers who are interested in the use of inertial devices and automatic control systems for rotating flight carriers. It can also serve as a reference book for undergraduates, graduates and instructors in related fields at colleges and universities.
Non-equilibrium Dynamics of One-Dimensional Bose Gases
by Tim LangenThis work presents a series of experiments with ultracold one-dimensional Bose gases, which establish said gases as an ideal model system for exploring a wide range of non-equilibrium phenomena. With the help of newly developed tools, like full distributions functions and phase correlation functions, the book reveals the emergence of thermal-like transient states, the light-cone-like emergence of thermal correlations and the observation of generalized thermodynamic ensembles. This points to a natural emergence of classical statistical properties from the microscopic unitary quantum evolution, and lays the groundwork for a universal framework of non-equilibrium physics. The thesis investigates a central question that is highly contested in quantum physics: how and to which extent does an isolated quantum many-body system relax? This question arises in many diverse areas of physics, and many of the open problems appear at vastly different energy, time and length scales, ranging from high-energy physics and cosmology to condensed matter and quantum information. A key challenge in attempting to answer this question is the scarcity of quantum many-body systems that are both well isolated from the environment and accessible for experimental study.
Non-equilibrium Dynamics of Tunnel-Coupled Superfluids: Relaxation to a Phase-Locked Equilibrium State in a One-Dimensional Bosonic Josephson Junction (Springer Theses)
by Marine PigneurThe relaxation of isolated quantum many-body systems is a major unsolved problem of modern physics, which is connected to many fundamental questions. However, realizations of quantum many-body systems which are both well isolated from their environment and accessible to experimental study are scarce. In recent years, the field has experienced rapid progress, partly attributed to ultra-cold atoms. This book presents the experimental study of a relaxation phenomenon occurring in a one-dimensional bosonic Josephson junction. The system consists of two 1D quasi Bose-Einstein condensates of 87Rb, magnetically trapped on an atom chip. Using radio-frequency dressing, the author deforms a single harmonic trap, in which the atoms are initially condensed, into a double-well potential and realizes a splitting of the wave function. A large spatial separation and a tilt of the double-well enable the preparation of a broad variety of initial states by precisely adjusting the initial population and relative phase of the two wave packets, while preserving the phase coherence. By re-coupling the two wave packets, the author investigates tunneling regimes such as Josephson (plasma) oscillations and macroscopic quantum self-trapping. In both regimes, the tunneling dynamics exhibits a relaxation to a phase-locked equilibrium state contradicting theoretical predictions. The experimental results are supported with an empirical model that allows quantitative discussions according to various experimental parameters. These results illustrate how strongly the non-equilibrium dynamics differ from the equilibrium one, which is well described by thermodynamics and statistical physics.