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Partnerships For Reducing Landslide Risk: Assessment of the National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy
by Committee on the Review of the National Landslide Hazards Mitigation StrategyLandslides occur in all geographic regions of the nation in response to a wide range of conditions and triggering processes that include storms, earthquakes, and human activities. Landslides in the United States result in an estimated average of 25 to 50 deaths annually and cost $1 to 3 billion per year. In addition to direct losses, landslides also cause significant environmental damage and societal disruption. This report reviews the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy, which was created in response to a congressional directive for a national approach to reducing losses from landslides. Components of the strategy include basic research activities, improved public policy measures, and enhanced mitigation of landslides.The NRC report commends the USGS for creating a national approach based on partnerships with federal, state, local, and non-governmental entities, and finds that the plan components are the essential elements of a national strategy. The report recommends that the plan should promote the use of risk analysis techniques, and should play a vital role in evaluating methods, setting standards, and advancing procedures and guidelines for landslide hazard maps and assessments. The NRC panel suggests that substantially increased funding will be required to implement a national landslide mitigation program, and that as part of a 10-year program the funding mix should transition from research and guideline development to partnership-based implementation of loss reduction measures.
Parvoviruses and Human Disease
by J. R. PattisonThis book gives details of the discovery and research work on B19 virus to date. The virus is an autonomous parvovirus and many of its properties and much of its behaviour can be predicted from this. Accordingly, the detailed account of B19 viruses is set in the context of two general chapters on the nature of parvoviruses and the patterns of disease in animals produced by parvoviruses.
Pascal's Wager (Classic Philosophical Arguments)
by Paul Bartha Lawrence PasternackIn his famous Wager, Blaise Pascal (1623–62) offers the reader an argument that it is rational to strive to believe in God. Philosophical debates about this classic argument have continued until our own times. This volume provides a comprehensive examination of Pascal's Wager, including its theological framework, its place in the history of philosophy, and its importance to contemporary decision theory. The volume starts with a valuable primer on infinity and decision theory for students and non-specialists. A sequence of chapters then examines topics including the Wager's underlying theology, its influence on later philosophical figures, and contemporary analyses of the Wager including Alan Hájek's challenge to its validity, the many gods objection, and the ethics of belief. The final five chapters explore various ways in which the Wager has inspired contemporary decision theory, including questions related to infinite utility, imprecise probabilities, and infinitesimals.
Pashchatya Rog Chikitsa Khand 2: पाश्चात्य रोग चिकित्सा खंड २
by Dr G. E. Bommaडॉ. जी. ई. बोमाँ लिखित “Medicine: Essentials For Practitioners and Students” या ग्रंथाचा मराठी अनुवाद डॉ. मधुकर रानडे, मुंबई यांनी ग्रंथविषयाची माहिती मूळ ग्रंथकाराप्रमाणेच देऊन पण मराठी भाषेच्या प्रकृतीशी मेळ बसेल अशारीतीने केला आहे. तसेच डॉ. बोमाँ यांच्या मूळ ग्रंथातील मूलभूत वैद्यकविज्ञान मराठी भाषांतरात कायम ठेवले असून भारतीय संदर्भात मूळ ग्रंथाचा विषय नीट स्पष्ट करण्यासाठी डॉ. रानडे यांनी, मूळ प्रकाशकांच्या परवानगीने, सदर भाषांतरात आवश्यक ते बदल केले आहेत.
The Passage to Cosmos: Alexander Von Humboldt and the Shaping of America
by Laura Dassow WallsHumboldt espoused the idea that, while the universe of nature exists apart from human purpose, its beauty and order, the very idea of the whole it composes, are human achievements: cosmos comes into being in the dance of world and mind, subject and object, science and poetry.
Passages of History
by Beatriz MaestroIs the castle of Trevejo the living vestige that confirms the mythical relationship between Templars and Masons? What were the Civil War and the post-war periods like in Acebo? Was the horrible crime between families that took place in San Martín de Trevejo fair? Who were those persecuted by the Holy Office in Perales and Hoyos? The answers to these questions, and others, are revealed throughout the successive passages that make up this work, where the reader can immerse himself in the past, crossing the frontier of time. This new work by B. Maestro is the story of those who suffered from unemployment and the bad conditions of an iniquitous life, but it is also the story of those who revealed themselves and fought so that this circumstance would change, without forgetting those who defended the democratic government in its day, even when they were the ones who put an end to it. In the pages that make up this work of historical research, the reader will be able to immerse himself fully in a turbulent Contemporary Age, covering its totality, and dividing the chapters following the order of the centuries that conform it (XVIII, XIX and XX).
Passerine Migration
by Nikita ChernetsovMost birds cannot cover the distance between their breeding and winter quarters in one hop. They have to make multiple flights alternated with stopovers. Which factors govern the birds' decisions to stop, to stop for how long, when to resume flight? What is better - to accumulate much fuel and to make long flights for many hundreds of kilometres, or to travel in small steps? Is it necessary to find habitats similar to the breeding ones or other habitats would do? Are long migratory flights indeed so costly energetically as usually assumed? This monograph summarizes our current knowledge on the ecology of songbird migrants during migratory stopovers and on their behaviour.
Passing The Louisiana LEAP Grade 4 in Science
by Michelle Gunter Emily PowellPrepare for the Louisiana LEAP Grade 4 in Science test
Passing Strange: A Gilded Age Tale of Love and Deception Across the Color Line
by Martha A. Sandweiss"Passing Strange" is a uniquely American biography of Clarence King, who hid a secret from his Gilded Age cohorts and prominent family: for 13 years he lived a double life--as the celebrated white explorer, geologist, and writer King and as a black Pullman porter and steelworker named James Todd.
Passing Strange and Wonderful: Aesthetics Nature And Culture
by Yi-Fu TuanIn this rich and rewarding work, Yi-Fu Tuan vividly demonstrates that feeling and beauty are essential components of life and society. The aesthetic is not merely one aspect of culture but its central core -- both its driving force and its ultimate goal.Beginning with the individual and his physical world, Tuan's exploration progresses from the simple to the complex. His initial evaluation of the building blocks of aesthetic experience (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch) develops gradually into a wide-ranging examination of the most elaborate of human constructs, including art, architecture, literature, philosophy, music, and more.
Passing the Maryland High School Assessment in Biology
by Liz Thompson Michelle GunterPassing the Maryland Biology High School Assessment will help students who are learning or reviewing Core learning goals for the Biology sections of the Maryland High School Assessment Test in Biology. The materials in this book are based on the biology assessment goals, expectations and indicators as published by the Maryland Department of Education.
A Passion for Elephants: The Real Life Adventure of Field Scientist Cynthia Moss
by Toni BuzzeoA science and nature biography of Cynthia Moss, the elephant expert, by the author of Caldecott Honor book One Cool FriendCynthia Moss was never afraid of BIG things. As a kid, she loved to ride through the countryside on her tall horse. She loved to visit faraway places. And she especially loved to learn about nature and the world around her. So when Cynthia traveled to Africa and met the world’s most ENORMOUS land animal, the African elephant, at Amboseli National Park in Kenya, she knew she had found her life’s work.Cynthia has spent years learning everything she can about elephants and sharing these fascinating creatures with the world. She is a scientist, nature photographer, and animal-rights activist, fighting against the ivory poachers who kill so many elephants for their tusks.This lyrical and accessible picture book gives kids a glimpse of what scientists do in the real world and inspires them to dream of accomplishing BIG things.
A Passion For Mars: Intrepid Explorers of the Red Planet
by Andrew Chaikin James CameronThe quest for Mars is chronicled by bestselling author Andrew Chaikin in this story of a passionate band of Earthbound explorers caught in the irresistible pull of the Red Planet. They include celebrated figures: astronomer Carl Sagan, who champions the idea of life on Mars-; rocket scientist Wernher von Braun, drawing up plans for human Mars expeditions; and science-fiction author Ray Bradbury, standard-bearer for Mars's crucial place in human destiny. Readers also meet the rogue grad students known as the Mars Underground," keepers of the flame when Mars falls off NASA's radar; biologist Jerry Soffen, looking for signs of life in a Martian meteorite; geologist Mike Malin, who defies skeptics to reveal a Mars no one imagines; and many others, including Chaikin himself, who served on the first Viking Mars landing and covered Mars exploration as a science journalist. Based on extensive interviews, illustrated with compelling images, and animated by the author's own passion, Chaikin's account will resonate with anyone who has ever dreamed of a journey to Mars.
A Passion for the Planets: Envisioning Other Worlds, From the Pleistocene to the Age of the Telescope
by William SheehanAstronomy is by far the most popular of the physical sciences, enticing enough to become a major cultural preoccupation for many, and for some an enthralling scientific activity which veritably rules their lives. What is the nature of that seemingly unstoppable attraction? In this lively and compelling account, William Sheehan - professional psychiatrist, noted historian of astronomy, and incurable observer - explores the nature of that allure through the story of man's visual exploration of the planets. In this volume, the first of a trilogy, Sheehan starts with observational astronomy's profound and lasting effect on his own life, setting the points of embarkation for the journey to come. He travels across the historical landscape seeking the earliest origins of man's compulsion to observe the planets among the hunter gatherers of the upper palaeolithic, and traces the evolving story from the planetary records of the earliest cities, to Pharonic Egypt through to Hellenistic Greek astronomy culminating in Ptolemy. The necessity to observe played its part in the perceptual changes wrought by the Copernican revolution, as well as the observational advances achieved by such extraordinary characters as Tycho with his sharpest of eyes, and his luxurious practice of total astronomy. The two epochal advances published in 1609, both born through planetary observation, namely Kepler's discovery of the true nature of the orbit of Mars and Harriot and Galileo's observations of the Moon, have a pivotal place in this account. Sheehan weaves a rich tapestry of social and technological settings, patronage and personalities, equipment and skills, cosmologies and goals, motives and compulsions to try to explain why we have observed, and continue to observe, the planets. The compelling text of A Passion for the Planets is enhanced by the specially commissioned planetary artwork of Julian Baum, himself son of a noted planetary observer and historian of planetary observers, and Randall Rosenfeld. A Passion for the Planets will be of interest to all amateur astronomers; active planetary observers; armchair astronomers; those interested in the history of astronomy; the cultural history of science; and astronomical art.
Passions and Tempers: A History of the Humours
by Noga Arikha“Passions and Tempers may excite passions and tempers in some of its readers, as a good work of intellectual history should. You will learn a lot from its pages.” —Washington PostThe humours—blood, phlegm, black bile, and choler—were substances thought to circulate within the body and determine a person’s health, mood, and character. The theory of humours remained an inexact but powerful tool for centuries, surviving scientific changes and offering clarity to physicians. This one-of-a-kind book follows the fate of these variable and invisible fluids from their Western origin in ancient Greece to their present-day versions. It traces their persistence from medical guidebooks of the past to current health fads, from the testimonies of medical doctors to the theories of scientists, physicians, and philosophers. By intertwining the histories of medicine, science, psychology, and philosophy, Noga Arikha revisits and revises how we think about all aspects of our physical, mental, and emotional selves.
Passions for Birds: Science, Sentiment, and Sport
by Sean NixonWhether as sources of joy and pleasure to be fed, counted, and watched, as objects of sport to be hunted and killed, or as food to be harvested, wild birds evoke strong feelings.Sean Nixon traces the transformation of these human passions for wild birds from the early twentieth century through the 1970s, detailing humans’ close encounters with wild birds in Britain and the wider North Atlantic world. Drawing on a rich range of written sources, Passions for Birds reveals how emotional, subjective, and material attachments to wild birds were forged through a period of pronounced social and cultural change. Nixon demonstrates how, for all their differences, new traditions in birdwatching and conservation, field sports, and bird harvesting mobilized remarkably similar feelings towards birds. Striking similarities also emerged in the material forms that each of these practices used to bring birds closer to people – hides and traps, nets and ropes, and binoculars.Wide ranging in scope, Passions for Birds sheds new light on the ways in which wild birds helped shape humans throughout the twentieth century, as well as how birds themselves became burdened with multiple cultural meanings and social anxieties over time.
Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Cetaceans
by Walter ZimmerPassive acoustic monitoring is increasingly used by the scientific community to study, survey and census marine mammals, especially cetaceans, many of which are easier to hear than to see. PAM is also used to support efforts to mitigate potential negative effects of human activities such as ship traffic, military and civilian sonar and offshore exploration. Walter Zimmer provides an integrated approach to PAM, combining physical principles, discussion of technical tools and application-oriented concepts of operations. Additionally, relevant information and tools necessary to assess existing and future PAM systems are presented, with Matlab code used to generate figures and results so readers can reproduce data and modify code to analyse the impact of changes. This allows the principles to be studied whilst discovering potential difficulties and side effects. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, the book provides all information and tools necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of this interdisciplinary subject.
Passive Energy Strategies for Mediterranean Residential Buildings
by Aurora Monge-Barrio Ana Sánchez-Ostiz GutiérrezThis book presents an approach to energy-efficient building design, which takes into account the most important challenges in climate change mitigation and adaptation in Southern Europe. It outlines a specific approach related to residential buildings and their intergenerational and vulnerable occupants, such as ageing population and users in fuel poverty. It also focuses on the use of passive energy measures throughout the year, and on pursuing a realistic and affordable approach to the efficient rehabilitation of resilient residential buildings.In addition, the book presents case studies that include surveys, monitoring, and simulation of residential buildings in Spain and other Southern European representative locations, in order to go further on the study of this challenging topic.
Passive Methods as a Solution for Improving Indoor Environments
by José A. Orosa Armando C. OliveiraThere are many aspects to consider when evaluating or improving an indoor environment; thermal comfort, energy saving, preservation of materials, hygiene and health are all key aspects which can be improved by passive methods of environmental control. Passive Methods as a Solution for Improving Indoor Environments endeavours to fill the lack of analysis in this area by using over ten years of research to illustrate the effects of methods such as thermal inertia and permeable coverings; for example, the use of permeable coverings is a well known passive method, but its effects and ways to improve indoor environments have been rarely analyzed. Passive Methods as a Solution for Improving Indoor Environments includes both software simulations and laboratory and field studies. Through these, the main parameters that characterize the behavior of internal coverings are defined. Furthermore, a new procedure is explained in depth which can be used to identify the real expected effects of permeable coverings such as energy conservation and local thermal comfort as well as their working periods in controlling indoor environments. This theoretical base is built on by considering future research work including patents and construction indications which will improve indoor environmental conditions with evidence from real data. This makes Passive Methods as a Solution for Improving Indoor Environments an ideal resource for specialists and researchers focusing on indoor air quality, thermal comfort, and energy saving or with a general interest in controlling indoor environments with passive methods.
Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth: for Meteorological Applications
by Fuzhong WengThis book covers the fundamentals of satellite microwave instrument calibration, remote sensing sciences and algorithms, as well as the applications of the satellite microwave observations in weather and climate research.
Passive Optical Resonators for Next-Generation Attosecond Metrology (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Ioachim PupezaThis book introduces readers to the development of a new generation of high pulse-repetition frequency instruments for multi-dimensional attosecond-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (attosecond PES). It investigates the power scaling of femtosecond enhancement cavities for efficient intracavity high-harmonics generation (HHG). Further, it derives and verifies advanced resonator designs that feature large illuminated spots on all mirrors, which mitigate both intensity- and thermally-induced enhancement limitations.The dynamics of a high-finesse, passive resonator in the presence of a highly nonlinear optical process such as HHG are quantitatively investigated, both theoretically and experimentally. These investigations are instrumental in achieving the holistic optimization of the XUV source reported on here, which for the first time reached intracavity HHG conversion efficiencies comparable to those achieved in single-pass setups with a similar gas target.Coupling out the XUV beam from the enhancement cavity by purely geometric means, employing both the fundamental and higher-order transverse Gaussian modes, is studied. This offers the advantages of robustness, low distortion to the participating pulses, and photon-energy scalability. Last but not least, the author provides a range of proof-of-principle attosecond angle-resolved PES experiments.The book gives an outlook on the possible future development of cavity-enhanced HHG and an extensive discussion on the generation of isolated XUV attosecond pulses via intracavity wavefront rotation.
Passive Seismic Monitoring of Induced Seismicity: Fundamental Principles And Application To Energy Technologies
by David W. EatonThe past few decades have witnessed remarkable growth in the application of passive seismic monitoring to address a range of problems in geoscience and engineering, from large-scale tectonic studies to environmental investigations. Passive seismic methods are increasingly being used for surveillance of massive, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing and development of enhanced geothermal systems. The theoretical framework and techniques used in this emerging area draw on various established fields, such as earthquake seismology, exploration geophysics and rock mechanics. <P><P>Based on university and industry courses developed by the author, this book reviews all the relevant research and technology to provide an introduction to the principles and applications of passive seismic monitoring. It integrates up-to-date case studies and interactive online exercises, making it a comprehensive and accessible resource for advanced students and researchers in geophysics and engineering, as well as industry practitioners.<P> Presents real field data demonstrating how passive seismic monitoring works in practice.<P> Interactive online problems are provided, enabling readers to test their knowledge and understanding.<P> Provides an interdisciplinary overview of the topic combining fundamental and applied elements.
Passivity of Complex Dynamical Networks: Analysis, Control and Applications
by Jin-Liang Wang Huai-Ning Wu Shun-Yan RenThis book intends to introduce some recent results on passivity of complex dynamical networks with single weight and multiple weights. The book collects novel research ideas and some definitions in complex dynamical networks, such as passivity, output strict passivity, input strict passivity, finite-time passivity, and multiple weights. Furthermore, the research results previously published in many flagship journals are methodically edited and presented in a unified form. The book is likely to be of interest to university researchers and graduate students in Engineering and Mathematics who wish to study the passivity of complex dynamical networks.
Past Climate Variability in South America and Surrounding Regions
by Florence Sylvestre Francoise Vimeux Myriam KhodriThis book groups together overviews and original research papers dealing with South American climate variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. The contributions deal with tropical, temperate and high latitudes climate variability in South America and in surrounding regions (including Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and Antarctica). It offers results obtained from both natural climate archives and recent simulations from coupled climate models. The objective is to propose a state of the art about our knowledge of past climate variability in South America. Specifically, this book aims at presenting the whole available observations and at discussing climate mechanisms, specifically the low to high latitude teleconnections on that continent which spreads out from the equator to Patagonia. It is written by an expert group of climate change scientists, and presents an insight into dynamics of the past and provides climate modellers with work of reference for data-model comparison. The book is an advanced but very readable text essential for all students and scientists interested in global environmental change.