- Table View
- List View
The Optimism Bias
by Tali SharotFrom a leading neuroscience researcher, an exploration of the neural basis of optimism, and how the brain simulates the future. How does the brain generate hope? How does it trick us into moving forward? What happens when it fails? How do the brains of optimists differ from those of pessimists? Psychologists have long been aware that most people tend to entertain an irrationally positive outlook on their lives. Optimism may be so crucial to our existence that it is hard-wired into our brains. With the emergence of MRI brain imaging, we are beginning to understand the neural mechanisms and to understand the biological basis of optimism, and how our optimistic illusions affect our financial, professional and emotional decisions.From the Hardcover edition.
The Optimism Bias: Why we're wired to look on the bright side
by Tali SharotWinner of the British Psychological Society Book Award for Popular PsychologyPsychologists have long been aware that most people tend to maintain an irrationally positive outlook on life. In fact, optimism may be crucial to our existence. Tali Sharot's original cognitive research demonstrates in surprising ways the biological basis for optimism. In this fascinating exploration, she takes an in-depth, clarifying look at how the brain generates hope and what happens when it fails; how the brains of optimists and pessimists differ; why we are terrible at predicting what will make us happy; how anticipation and dread affect us; and how our optimistic illusions affect our financial, professional, and emotional decisions.With its cutting-edge science and its wide-ranging and accessible narrative, The Optimism Bias provides us with startling new insight into how the workings of the brain create our hopes and dreams.
Optimization and Applicability of Bioprocesses
by Vipin Chandra Kalia Hemant J. Purohit Atul N. Vaidya Anshuman A. KhardenavisThis book argues that the sustainable management of resources requires a systematic approach that primarily involves the integration of green innovative biotechnological strategies and eco-engineering. It discusses how microbial community intelligence can be used for waste management and bio-remediation and explains how biological processes can be optimized by integrating genomics tools to provide perspectives on sustainable development. The book describes the application of modern molecular techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), highly sensitive catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD)-FISH, in situ DNA-hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and methods for detecting mRNA and/or functional genes to optimize bioprocessess. These techniques, supplemented with metagenomic analysis, reveal that a large proportion of micro-organisms still remain to be identified and also that they play a vital role in establishing bioprocesses.
Optimization and Control Methods in Industrial Engineering and Construction
by Honglei Xu Xiangyu WangThis book presents recent advances in optimization and control methods with applications to industrial engineering and construction management. It consists of 15 chapters authored by recognized experts in a variety of fields including control and operation research, industrial engineering and project management. Topics include numerical methods in unconstrained optimization, robust optimal control problems, set splitting problems, optimum confidence interval analysis, a monitoring networks optimization survey, distributed fault detection, nonferrous industrial optimization approaches, neural networks in traffic flows, economic scheduling of CCHP systems, a project scheduling optimization survey, lean and agile construction project management, practical construction projects in Hong Kong, dynamic project management, production control in PC4P and target contracts optimization. The book offers a valuable reference work for scientists, engineers, researchers and practitioners in industrial engineering and construction management.
Optimization and Control of Bilinear Systems
by Panos M. Pardalos Vitaliy A. YatsenkoCovers developments in bilinear systems theory Focuses on the control of open physical processes functioning in a non-equilibrium mode Emphasis is on three primary disciplines: modern differential geometry, control of dynamical systems, and optimization theory Includes applications to the fields of quantum and molecular computing, control of physical processes, biophysics, superconducting magnetism, and physical information science
Optimization and Optimal Control in Automotive Systems
by Harald Waschl Ilya Kolmanovsky Maarten Steinbuch Luigi Del ReThis book demonstrates the use of the optimization techniques that are becoming essential to meet the increasing stringency and variety of requirements for automotive systems. It shows the reader how to move away from earlier approaches, based on some degree of heuristics, to the use of more and more common systematic methods. Even systematic methods can be developed and applied in a large number of forms so the text collects contributions from across the theory, methods and real-world automotive applications of optimization. Greater fuel economy, significant reductions in permissible emissions, new drivability requirements and the generally increasing complexity of automotive systems are among the criteria that the contributing authors set themselves to meet. In many cases multiple and often conflicting requirements give rise to multi-objective constrained optimization problems which are also considered. Some of these problems fall into the domain of the traditional multi-disciplinary optimization applied to system, sub-system or component design parameters and is performed based on system models; others require applications of optimization directly to experimental systems to determine either optimal calibration or the optimal control trajectory/control law. Optimization and Optimal Control in Automotive Systems reflects the state-of-the-art in and promotes a comprehensive approach to optimization in automotive systems by addressing its different facets, by discussing basic methods and showing practical approaches and specific applications of optimization to design and control problems for automotive systems. The book will be of interest both to academic researchers, either studying optimization or who have links with the automotive industry and to industrially-based engineers and automotive designers.
Optimization-based Molecular Dynamics Studies of SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Structures: Research on COVID- 19 (Springer Series in Biophysics #23)
by Jiapu ZhangCOVID-19 has brought us extensive research databases in the fields of biophysics, biology, and bioinformatics. To extract valuable structural bioinformatic information of SARS-CoV-2 structural and nonstructural proteins, it is necessary to work with large-scale datasets of molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories that need to be optimized. This monograph serves as a comprehensive guide to optimization-based MD studies of the molecular structures of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and RNA. The book begins by performing local optimization, taking into account the three-body movement and optimizing the noncovalent bonds of each molecular structure. The optimized structures reach a transition state that offers the best stability and lowest energy. The optimization process utilizes a hybrid strategy that combines mathematical optimization with various local search algorithms. This approach significantly reduces data volume while eliminating irrelevant bioinformatics data. To gain a thorough understanding of molecular stability and the mechanism of action, it is essential to consider not only static NMR, X-ray, or cryo-EM structures but also dynamic information obtained through MD or Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) simulations. These simulations capture the internal motions and dynamic processes of molecules. Furthermore, for each protein, the structural bioinformatics obtained from the optimized structure is validated by analyzing large-scale MD trajectory databases, which are openly and freely available online. The analysis includes key structural bioinformatics aspects such as salt bridge electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, and hydrophobic interactions specific to each SARS-CoV-2 molecular structure. The book also delves into discussions on drugs, vaccines, and the origins of the virus. Additionally, pandemic mathematical models, including those incorporating time delays, are explored. This book is particularly valuable for professionals working in practical computing roles within computational biochemistry, computational biophysics, optimization and molecular dynamics, structural bioinformatics, biological mathematics, and related fields. It serves as an accessible introduction to these disciplines and is also an excellent teaching resource for students.
Optimization, Control, and Applications of Stochastic Systems
by J. Adolfo Minjárez-Sosa Daniel Hernández-HernándezThis volume provides a general overview of discrete- and continuous-time Markov control processes and stochastic games, along with a look at the range of applications of stochastic control and some of its recent theoretical developments. These topics include various aspects of dynamic programming, approximation algorithms, and infinite-dimensional linear programming. In all, the work comprises 18 carefully selected papers written by experts in their respective fields. Optimization, Control, and Applications of Stochastic Systems will be a valuable resource for all practitioners, researchers, and professionals in applied mathematics and operations research who work in the areas of stochastic control, mathematical finance, queueing theory, and inventory systems. It may also serve as a supplemental text for graduate courses in optimal control and dynamic games.
Optimization for Chemical and Biochemical Engineering: Theory, Algorithms, Modeling and Applications (Cambridge Series in Chemical Engineering)
by Vassilios S. Vassiliadis Ehecatl Antonio del Rio Chanona Ye Yuan Walter KähmDiscover the subject of optimization in a new light with this modern and unique treatment. Includes a thorough exposition of applications and algorithms in sufficient detail for practical use, while providing you with all the necessary background in a self-contained manner. Features a deeper consideration of optimal control, global optimization, optimization under uncertainty, multiobjective optimization, mixed-integer programming and model predictive control. Presents a complete coverage of formulations and instances in modelling where optimization can be applied for quantitative decision-making. As a thorough grounding to the subject, covering everything from basic to advanced concepts and addressing real-life problems faced by modern industry, this is a perfect tool for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in chemical and biochemical engineering.
Optimization for Energy Systems and Supply Chains: Fundamentals and Applications (Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering)
by Viknesh Andiappan Denny K. S. Ng Santanu BandyopadhyayTo curb the impacts of rising CO2 emissions, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report states that a net zero target needs to be achieved by the year 2055. Experts argue that this is a critical time to make important and accurate decisions. Thus, it is essential to have the right tools to efficiently plan and deploy future energy systems and supply chains. Mathematical models can provide decision-makers with the tools required to make well-informed decisions relating to development of energy systems and supply chains. This book provides an understanding of the various available energy systems, the basics behind mathematical models, the steps required to develop mathematical models, and examples/case studies where such models are applied. Divided into two parts, one covering basics for beginners and the other featuring contributed chapters offering illustrative examples, this book: Shows how mathematical models are applied to solve problems in energy systems and supply chains Provides fundamentals of the working principles of various energy systems and their technologies Offers basics of how to formulate and best practices for developing mathematical models, topics not covered in other titles Features a wide range of case studies Teaches readers to develop their own mathematical models to make decisions on energy systems This book is aimed at chemical, process, mechanical, and energy engineers.
Optimization in Green Sustainability and Ecological Transition: ODS, Ischia, Italy, September 4–7, 2023 (AIRO Springer Series #12)
by Maurizio Bruglieri Paola Festa Giusy Macrina Ornella PisacaneThis book collects selected contributions of the “Optimization and Decision Science - ODS2023” international conference on the theme of optimization in green sustainability and ecological transition. ODS2023 was held in Ischia, 4–7 September 2023, and was organized by AIRO, the Italian Operations Research Society. The book offers new and original contributions on operations research, optimization, decision science, and prescriptive analytics from both a methodological and applied perspectives with a special focus on SDG related topics.It provides a state-of-the art on problem models and solving methods to address a widely class of real-world problems, arising in different application areas such as logistics, transportation, manufacturing, health, ICT and mobile networks, and emergency/disaster management. In addition, the scientific works collected in this book aim at providing significant contributions in the themes of sustainability, traffic and pollution reductions, and energy management.This book is aimed primarily at researchers and Ph.D. students in the Operations Research community. However, due to its interdisciplinary contents, this book is of high interest also for students and researchers from other disciplines, including artificial intelligence, computer sciences, finance, mathematics, and engineering as well as for practitioners facing complex decision-making problems in logistics, manufacturing production, and services.
Optimization in HPLC: Concepts and Strategies
by Stavros KromidasLearn to maximize the performance of your HPLC or UHPLC system with this resource from leading experts in the field Optimization in HPLC: Concepts and Strategies delivers tried-and-tested strategies for optimizing the performance of HPLC and UHPLC systems for a wide variety of analytical tasks. The book explains how to optimize the different HPLC operation modes for a range of analyses, including small molecules, chiral substances, and biomolecules. It also shows readers when and how computational tools may be used to optimize performance. The practice-oriented text describes common challenges faced by users and developers of HPLC and UHPLC systems, as well as how those challenges can be overcome. Written for first-time and experienced users of HPLC technology and keeping pace with recent developments in HPLC instrumentation and operation modes, this comprehensive guide leaves few questions unanswered. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to optimization strategies for different modes and uses of HPLC, including working under regulatory constraints An exploration of computer aided HPLC optimization, including ChromSwordAuto and Fusion QbD A treatment of current challenges for HPLC users in industry as well as large and small analytical service providers Discussions of current challenges for HPLC equipment suppliers Tailor-made for analytical chemists, chromatographers, pharmacologists, toxicologists, and lab technicians, Optimization in HPLC: Concepts and Strategies will also earn a place on the shelves of analytical laboratories in academia and industry who seek a one-stop reference for optimizing the performance of HPLC systems.
Optimization in Industry: Present Practices And Future Scopes (Management And Industrial Engineering Ser.)
by Shubhabrata Datta J. Paulo DavimThis book describes different approaches for solving industrial problems like product design, process optimization, quality enhancement, productivity improvement and cost minimization. Several optimization techniques are described. The book covers case studies on the applications of classical as well as evolutionary and swarm optimization tools for solving industrial issues. The content is very helpful for industry personnel, particularly engineers from the Operation, R&D and Quality Assurance sectors, and also the academic researchers of different engineering and/or business administration background.
Optimization Methods
by Marco CavazzutiThis book is about optimization techniques and is subdivided into two parts. In the first part a wide overview on optimization theory is presented. Optimization is presented as being composed of five topics, namely: design of experiment, response surface modeling, deterministic optimization, stochastic optimization, and robust engineering design. Each chapter, after presenting the main techniques for each part, draws application oriented conclusions including didactic examples. In the second part some applications are presented to guide the reader through the process of setting up a few optimization exercises, analyzing critically the choices which are made step by step, and showing how the different topics that constitute the optimization theory can be used jointly in an optimization process. The applications which are presented are mainly in the field of thermodynamics and fluid dynamics due to the author's background.
Optimization Methods for Gas and Power Markets: Theory and Cases (Applied Quantitative Finance)
by Enrico Edoli Stefano Fiorenzani Tiziano VargioluAs power and gas markets are becoming more and more mature and globally competitive, the importance of reaching maximum potential economic efficiency is fundamental in all the sectors of the value chain, from investments selection to asset optimization, trading and sales. Optimization techniques can be used in many different fields of the energy industry, in order to reduce production and financial costs, increase sales revenues and mitigate all kinds of risks potentially affecting the economic margin. For this reason the industry has now focused its attention on the general concept of optimization and to the different techniques (mainly mathematical techniques) to reach it.Optimization Methods for Gas and Power Markets presents both theoretical elements and practical examples for solving energy optimization issues in gas and power markets. Starting with the theoretical framework and the basic business and economics of power and gas optimization, it quickly moves on to review the mathematical optimization problems inherent to the industry, and their solutions – all supported with examples from the energy sector. Coverage ranges from very long-term (and capital intensive) optimization problems such as investment valuation/diversification to asset (gas and power) optimization/hedging problems, and pure trading decisions.This book first presents the readers with various examples of optimization problems arising in power and gas markets, then deals with general optimization problems and describes the mathematical tools useful for their solution. The remainder of the book is dedicated to presenting a number of key business cases which apply the proposed techniques to concrete market problems. Topics include static asset optimization, real option evaluation, dynamic optimization of structured products like swing, virtual storage or virtual power plant contracts and optimal trading in intra-day power markets. As the book progresses, so too does the level of mathematical complexity, providing readers with an appreciation of the growing sophistication of even common problems in current market practice.Optimization Methods for Gas and Power Markets provides a valuable quantitative guide to the technicalities of optimization methodologies in gas and power markets; it is essential reading for practitioners in the energy industry and financial sector who work in trading, quantitative analysis and energy risk modeling.
Optimization Methods for Structural Engineering (Engineering Optimization: Methods and Applications)
by Ishaan R. Kale Ali SadollahThis contributed book focuses on optimization methods inspired by nature such as Harmony Search Algorithm, Drosophila Food-Search Algorithm, Cohort intelligence algorithm and its variations, fuzzy logic along with their hybridization variants. It also focuses on multi-objective optimization algorithms such as Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Evolutionary Algorithm, Pareto Envelope Selection Algorithm, and Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm. The content focuses on topics such as the optimal design of truss systems with various applications, the design and simulation of quarter car systems for comfort design, the road handling design and a balanced system, and topology optimization of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional structure in linear elasticity, plasticity and fracture mechanics among others. This book is a useful reference for those in academia and industry.
Optimization Methods in Mathematical Modeling of Technological Processes (Mathematical Engineering)
by Alena Vagaská Miroslav Gombár Anton PandaThis book focuses on selected methods of applied mathematics that are aimed at mathematical optimization, with an emphasis on their application in engineering practice. It delves into the current mathematical modeling of processes and systems, with a specific focus on the optimization modeling of technological processes. The authors discuss suitable linear, convex, and nonlinear optimization methods for solving problems in engineering practice. Real-world examples and data are used to numerically illustrate the implementation of these methods, utilizing the popular MATLAB software system and its extension to convex optimization. The book covers a wide range of topics, including mathematical modeling, linear programming, convex programming, and nonlinear programming, all with an engineering optimization perspective. It serves as a comprehensive guide for engineers, researchers, and students interested in the practical application of optimization methods in engineering.
Optimization Methods in Metabolic Networks
by Ali R. Zomorrodi Costas D. MaranasProvides a tutorial on the computational tools that use mathematical optimization concepts and representations for the curation, analysis and redesign of metabolic networks Organizes, for the first time, the fundamentals of mathematical optimization in the context of metabolic network analysis Reviews the fundamentals of different classes of optimization problems including LP, MILP, MLP and MINLP Explains the most efficient ways of formulating a biological problem using mathematical optimization Reviews a variety of relevant problems in metabolic network curation, analysis and redesign with an emphasis on details of optimization formulations Provides a detailed treatment of bilevel optimization techniques for computational strain design and other relevant problems
Optimization of Behavioral, Biobehavioral, and Biomedical Interventions: Advanced Topics (Statistics for Social and Behavioral Sciences)
by Linda M. Collins Kari C. KuglerBehavioral, biobehavioral, and biomedical interventions are programs with the objective of improving and maintaining human health and well-being, broadly defined, in individuals, families, schools, organizations, or communities. These interventions may be aimed at, for example, preventing or treating disease, promoting physical and mental health, preventing violence, or improving academic achievement. This book provides additional information on a principled empirical framework for developing interventions that are more effective, efficient, economical, and scalable. This framework is introduced in the monograph, "Optimization of Behavioral, Biobehavioral, and Biomedical Interventions: The Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST)" by Linda M. Collins (Springer, 2018). The present book is focused on advanced topics related to MOST. The chapters, all written by experts, are devoted to topics ranging from experimental design and data analysis to development of a conceptual model and implementation of a complex experiment in the field. Intervention scientists who are preparing to apply MOST will find this book an important reference and guide for their research. Fields to which this work pertains include public health (medicine, nursing, health economics, implementation sciences), behavioral sciences (psychology, criminal justice), statistics, and education.
Optimization of Chemical Processes: A Sustainable Perspective
by José María Ponce-Ortega Rogelio Ochoa-Barragán César Ramírez-MárquezThis textbook introduces readers to a comprehensive framework for the application of deterministic optimization strategies in the field of chemical processes, with a strong emphasis on sustainability.The book establishes a vital connection between fundamental deterministic optimization principles, optimization tools, and real-world application instances, all within the context of environmentally responsible practices. The approach put forth in this book is exceptionally versatile, allowing for the use of many optimization software and deterministic techniques.Contained in the book are many fundamental optimization concepts, encompassing linear programming, nonlinear programming, integer programming, and multi-objective optimization, all tailored to promote sustainable decision-making. Furthermore, the book provides practical examples illustrating the application of these techniques within sustainable chemical processes as tutorials.The textbook also explores the utilization of popular optimization software platforms such as GAMS, MATLAB, and Python, demonstrating how these tools can be leveraged for eco-friendly process optimization. Through this comprehensive framework, readers can not only acquire the skills needed to optimize a wide range of processes but also learn how to do so with sustainability at the forefront of their considerations. This approach streamlines the optimization process, eliminating unnecessary complications along the way and ensuring that environmental and ethical considerations are integral to the decision-making process.
Optimization of Dynamical Systems with Impulse Controls and Shocks (Systems & Control: Foundations & Applications)
by Boris Miller Evgeny RubinovichThis text explores the state-of-the-art in the rapidly developing theory of impulse control and introduces the theory of singular space-time transformations, a new method for studying shock mechanical systems. Two approaches in the theory of impulse control are presented: The first, more traditional approach defines the impulsive action as a discontinuity of phase coordinates depending on the current time, the state preceding the action, and its magnitude. The second requires the use of modern methods for describing dynamical systems - differential equations with measures. The impulse is treated as an idealization of a very short action of high magnitude, which produces an almost abrupt change of phase coordinates. The relation between these two approaches is also discussed, and several applications, both traditional and emerging, are considered. This text is intended for graduate students and researchers in control engineering and optimal control theory for dynamical systems. Readers are assumed to be familiar with the theory of ODEs, optimal control, and functional analysis, though an appendix is included that covers many of the necessary mathematical concepts.
Optimization of Energy Supply Systems: Modelling, Programming and Analysis (Lecture Notes in Energy #69)
by Janet NagelThis book describes how a model for optimizing the energy supply system in Germany can be implemented. It focuses on the open energy modeling framework (Oemof) program for modeling energy supply systems. The individual elements of Oemof are described, as well as the model’s structure. The technical components of Oemof are subsequently demonstrated in mathematical calculations, along with sufficient Python code to begin basic modeling. The book will appeal to anyone with an interest in optimization models for energy supply systems, or in the mathematical description of the technical components of such systems in practical implementation, using a real example, Oemof. Thermodynamic descriptions of combustion are provided, so that readers can focus on modeling aspects. Researchers and practitioners will also find the book useful, as it expands on their knowledge of the technical components of energy supply systems, supported with detailed mathematical calculations.
Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stages and Sequencing in Unconventional Formations
by Ahmed Alzahabi Mohamed Y. SolimanShale gas and/or oil play identification is subject to many screening processes for characteristics such as porosity, permeability, and brittleness. Evaluating shale gas and/or oil reservoirs and identifying potential sweet spots (portions of the reservoir rock that have high-quality kerogen content and brittle rock) requires taking into consideration multiple rock, reservoir, and geological parameters that govern production. The early determination of sweet spots for well site selection and fracturing in shale reservoirs is a challenge for many operators. With this limitation in mind, Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stages and Sequencing in Unconventional Formations develops an approach to improve the industry’s ability to evaluate shale gas and oil plays and is structured to lead the reader from general shale oil and gas characteristics to detailed sweet-spot classifications. The approach uses a new candidate selection and evaluation algorithm and screening criteria based on key geomechanical, petrophysical, and geochemical parameters and indices to obtain results consistent with existing shale plays and gain insights on the best development strategies going forward. The work introduces new criteria that accurately guide the development process in unconventional reservoirs in addition to reducing uncertainty and cost.
Optimization of Micro Processes in Fine Particle Agglomeration by Pelleting Flocculation
by Benjamin OyegbileEfficient particle separation in order to meet stringent regulatory standards represent one of the biggest challenges facing the process industry operators today. Emerging environmental problems such as climate change, population growth and natural resource depletion make it more compelling to undertake research into alternative phase separation techniques and optimization of existing ones. Meeting this challenge requires innovative, revolutionary and integrated approach in the design and optimization of various unit processes in fine particle separation. Flocculation is widely used as an effective phase separation technique across many process industries such as water and wastewater treatment and in minerals processing. In this work, a new pre-treatment technique was developed using a patented bench scale reactor unit as a technical proof of concept. Furthermore, the book provides a valuable insight into the hydrodynamics and fluid-particle interactions within the agglomeration units. The relatively high solids content of the stable pellets (approximately 30 %) and very low residual turbidity of the post-sedimentation supernatant (7 NTU) clearly demonstrate the potential of this technique. In addition to significantly improving the subsequent solid-liquid separation efficiency, this study also showed that the effluent can be recycled back into the sewer network or utilized for non-portable reuse. The findings obtained from this research will be extremely useful in the scaling up and optimization of the reactor system.
Optimization of Photovoltaic Power Systems
by Djamila Rekioua Ernest MatagnePhotovoltaic generation is one of the cleanest forms of energy conversion available. One of the advantages offered by solar energy is its potential to provide sustainable electricity in areas not served by the conventional power grid. Optimisation of Photovoltaic Power Systems details explicit modelling, control and optimisation of the most popular stand-alone applications such as pumping, power supply, and desalination. Each section is concluded by an example using the MATLAB® and Simulink® packages to help the reader understand and evaluate the performance of different photovoltaic systems. Optimisation of Photovoltaic Power Systems provides engineers, graduate and postgraduate students with the means to understand, assess and develop their own photovoltaic systems. As such, it is an essential tool for all those wishing to specialise in stand-alone photovoltaic systems. Optimisation of Photovoltaic Power Systems aims to enable all researchers in the field of electrical engineering to thoroughly understand the concepts of photovoltaic systems; find solutions to their problems; and choose the appropriate mathematical model for optimising photovoltaic energy.