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Off-Site Enhanced Biogas Production with Concomitant Pathogen Removal from Faecal Matter (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Joy Nyawira RiunguGlobally, 2.7 billion people are using onsite sanitation systems, particularly in low income, high density settlements (LIHDS) in urban areas of developing countries. However, treatment technologies to manage the faecal sludge (FS) generated from these systems are often not in place, leading to high risks for environmental and public health. The development of replicable and effective technologies for FS treatment is key in addressing this challenge. This research focused on development of an innovative FS stabilisation technology and addressed key constraints in anaerobic FS treatment: inadequate pathogen inactivation and limitations in biochemical energy recovery. The developed two-stage reactor system consists of an acidogenic reactor fed with mixtures of FS and market waste to facilitate pathogen inactivation, and a subsequent methanogenic plug-flow reactor for enhanced methane production. Due to its potential for application as an off-site FS treatment technology at any scale, receiving any type of faecal matter, collected from different types of sanitary systems, the system provides an option for FS stabilisation for LIHDS. Additionally, the research evaluated the limitations of sanitation provision in LIHDS, and proposes methods for creating an enabling environment for full-scale implementation of onsite systems. The presented results contribute to designing appropriate sanitation interventions in LIHDS.
Off-label Prescribing: Justifying Unapproved Medicine
by David CavallaToday’s medicines are regulated for their efficacy and safety and, once approved, they can be marketed for certain uses as justified by the data. Regulatory bodies in developed countries are constituted by legal statute and operate as parts of government, ostensibly in the interests of the people as patients. But once approved, medicines can be used for any purpose the prescriber thinks fit and appropriate for the patient. One in five prescriptions is therefore written outside regulatory purview. Off-label Prescribing looks into the corners of our medicated lives, where drug regulation runs up against medical practice, and concerns the use of a drug that has been approved for one use (in medical parlance, ‘indication’) being used for a different indication; alternatively, being used on a different set of patients from the ones it is approved for, or at a different dose. Usually the patient is unaware of what is going on, having not been informed by their doctor of this aspect of his or her prescribing choice. The book examines how and why this occurs, what the various medical professions have to say about it, and how pharmaceutical companies benefit by moving into this poorly regulated area. Off-label Prescribing pulls these complex issues together in one volume, to highlight current practice, its advantages and weaknesses and how the author suggests practice should evolve in the future. It will therefore be of interest to all those who prescribe (and receive) medicines, combined with a greater objective to provide more transparency and discussion for professionals.
Offbeat Physics: Machines, Meditations and Misconceptions
by P. I. C. TeixeiraOffbeat Physics: Machines, Meditations and Misconceptions is a collection of articles on various topics in classical physics that have intrigued the author and their students throughout the years. The book is divided into three parts. Part I -- Machines, comprises chapters that explain or model the workings of a number of machines (understood in a broad sense) on the basis of physical principles. These machines can be as simple as a rolling wheel or as complex as a jet engine. Then in Part II -- Meditations, the authors go beyond the standard examples, experiments and approximations discussed ad nauseam in most physics textbooks, but which are not always very exciting or realistic. For example, what happens when colliding bodies are not perfectly rigid -- as we know real bodies are not? Finally, Part III -- Misconceptions aims to correct misconceptions that students may have about physical phenomena or clarify issues that are often presented misleadingly, confusingly or imprecisely in textbooks, such as the relationship between angular momentum and angular velocity in rotational motion. This is a book for all those who wish to learn physics beyond the textbooks and from more realistic problems, often occurring in engineering contexts. It will be useful to instructors at all levels, as well as highly motivated students taking General Physics courses in higher education.
Offenders and the Sexual Abuse of Children: Interventions and Limitations
by James A. CatesThis book synthesizes the nascent but growing body of literature and research emerging on risk management and treatment of persons who sexually offend against children.This volume demonstrates the need for change by placing current attitudes toward sexual offending in their sociocultural context and then discussing the impact of these attitudes. Rather than parse the needs of children who have been victimized from those who have offended, a model emerges that explains the interlocking dynamics of those who offend and those offended against. This book upends the convenient fiction that child sexual abuse can be reduced by locking away those who offend and then monitoring them upon release. Rather, the book addresses the need for ongoing interaction of the two populations; the reality that the two populations at times overlap; and the increasingly public question of how to manage those who acknowledge an attraction to children but deny an intent to act on that desire.Providing alternative viewpoints, research avenues, and policy options that can accommodate a more realistic effort to reduce the risk of sexual abuse, it is a must read for all policymakers or professionals working with those who have offended or acknowledge attraction to children, alongside students and researchers from forensic psychology, clinical psychology, or criminology backgrounds.
Offenders, Deviants or Patients?: An introduction to clinical criminology
by Herschel PrinsOffenders, Deviants or Patients? provides a practical approach to understanding both the social context and treatment of mentally disordered offenders. Taking into account the current public concern, often heightened by media sensationalism; it addresses issues such as sex and ‘historic sex offending, ‘hate’ crime, homicide and other acts of serious bodily harm. This fifth edition is fully updated and incorporates the latest research and reflects recent changes in law, policy and practice, including: DSM-V criteria groundbreaking work on neuro-physiological aspects of psychopathy the Coroners and Justice Act Using new case examples, Herschel Prins draws on his own expertise and experience to examine the relationship between mental disorders and crime and looks at the ways in which it should be dealt with by the mental health care and criminal justice systems. Offenders, Deviants or Patients? is unique in its multidisciplinary approach and will be invaluable to all those who come into contact with serious offenders or those who study crime and criminal behaviour.
Offene Hernienchirurgie
by Ulrich A. Dietz Guido Beldi René H. Fortelny Armin WiegeringDie Techniken und Indikationen der offenen Hernienchirurgie werden systematisch und anschaulich von Experten aus dem ganzen deutschsprachigen Raum beschrieben und durch eigens erstellte farbige Zeichnungen illustriert. Die Darstellung wendet sich an junge Fachärzte und Weiterbildungsassistenten, die sich mit den Therapiemöglichkeiten und den zahlreichen bewährten Operationsverfahren vertraut machen wollen, aber auch an erfahrene Hernienchirurgen, die ihr Wissen weiter vertiefen wollen. Nach einer Übersicht über Diagnostik und Therapiewahl werden für die verschiedenen Hernienformen die einzelnen Verfahren dargestellt, ergänzt durch Kommentare und Empfehlungen der Herausgeber. Im Anschluss wird zu den meistdiskutierten Themen im Bereich der offenen Hernienchirurgie der Wissensstand in kompakten Beiträgen zusammengefasst; ein Überblick über die offene Hernienversorgung in anderen Ländern schließt das Buch ab.
Offene Quantensysteme
by Anton Amann Ulrich Müller-HeroldDas Buch vermittelt die Grundlagen der Spektroskopie und erarbeitet die erforderlichen theoretischen Hilfsmittel: Thermostatik, statistische Mechanik, Dichteoperatoren, Dynamik offener Quantensysteme, lineare Antworttheorie. In den Anwendungen finden sich u. a. die Blochschen Gleichungen und die Einsteinschen Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten. Die Herausgeber stützen sich auf Vorlesungen von Hans Primas, Ergebnis einer jahrzehntelangen kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit den theoretischen Grundlagen. Sie waren bestrebt, den unverwechselbaren Originalton möglichst beizubehalten.
Offense, Defense, and War
by Michael E. Brown Owen R. Coté Sean M. Lynn-Jones Steven E. MillerOffense-defense theory argues that the relative ease of offense and defense varies in international politics. When the offense has the advantage, military conquest becomes easier and war is more likely; the opposite is true when the defense has the advantage. The balance between offense and defense depends on geography, technology, and other factors. This theory, and the body of related theories, has generated much debate and research over the past twenty-five years. This book presents a comprehensive overview of offense-defense theory. It includes contending views on the theory and some of the most recent attempts to refine and test it.
Office Building Safety and Health
by Charles D. ReeseMost workers spend the majority of their day in an office building environment. Protecting office workers from safety, health, and security risks is a key task of many safety and health professionals, particularly those responsible for the management of very large office complexes and high rise buildings. This book provides a comprehensive look at
Officer Spence Makes No Sense! (My Weird School Daze #5)
by Dan GutmanThe weirdness never stops! <p><p> The security guard at Ella Mentry School has gone off the deep end! Somebody is stealing peanut butter and jelly sandwiches from the vomitorium, and Officer Spence is on the case. He's arresting everybody in sight! Somebody is going to go to jail! Who is it? You'll have to read the book to find out.
Officer-Involved Shootings and Use of Force: Practical Investigative Techniques, Second Edition (Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations)
by Randy Dickson David E. HatchOfficer-Involved Shootings and Use of Force: Practical Investigative Techniques, Second Edition continues to provide sound and sober models, protocols, and procedures to handle the highly charged fall-out from officer involved shootings. Written by cops for cops, it is designed to address the needs of the agency, the rights of the employee, and the
Offshore Exploration of Oil and Gas in Cuba using Digital Elevation Models (SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences)
by Manuel Enrique Pardo Echarte Odalys Reyes Paredes Valia Suárez LeyvaThis book provides an overview of the major changes induced by hydrocarbons (HCs) affecting rocks and surface sediments and their implications for non-seismic exploration methods, particularly for marine territories near Cuba. It examines the use of a digital elevation model (DEM) at 90x90m resolution for the detection of subtle, positive geomorphic anomalies related to hydrocarbon microseepage (vertical migration) on possible oil and gas targets. The results support the conclusion that the DEM data provides a low cost and fast offshore oil and gas preliminary exploration strategy. This data is useful serving to focus prospective areas with supplementary unconventional methods such as magnetic-induced polarization (MIP), useful to propose more expensive volumes for detailed 2D–3D seismic surveys.
Offshore Mechatronics Systems Engineering
by Hamid Reza KarimiThe book gives a systematical and almost self-contained description of the many facets of envisaging, designing, implementing or experimentally exploring offshore mechatronics and systems along the adequate designs of integrated modeling, safety, control and supervision infrastructure. With the rapid improvements in offshore technologies in various fields such as oil and gas industry, wind energy, robotics and logistics, many researchers in academia and industry have focused on technology-based challenges raised in offshore environment. This book introduces novel theoretical or practical techniques for offshore mechatronics systems. Chapters cover general application model-based systems engineering, wind energy, control systems, mechanics, health monitoring, safety critical human-machine systems, logistics and offshore industrial complexes such as oil and gas operations, robotics, large space structures and autonomous underwater vehicles, and some other advanced technologies. The core feature of this book is that of establishing synergies of modeling, control, computing and mechanics in order to achieve not only robust plant system operation but also properties such as safety, cost, integrity and survivability while retaining desired performance quality. The book provides innovative insights into applications aspects and theoretical understanding of complex offshore mechatronics systems that has emerged in recent years, either via physical implementations or via extensive computer simulations in addition to sound innovated theoretical developments. It will serve as a reference for graduate and postgraduate students and for researchers in all engineering disciplines, including mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and applied mathematics to explore the state-of-theart techniques for solving problems of integrated modeling, control and supervision of complex offshore plants with collective safety and robustness. Thus it shall be useful as a guidance for system engineering practitioners and system theoretic researchers alike.
Offshore Petroleum Drilling and Production
by Sukumar LaikThe key focus of the book is on engineering aspects of the subject field Updated, comprehensive text covering offshore drilling, production and field development and offers complete coverage of offshore oil and gas operations. <P><P> Also, key maintenance issues like pigging, corrosion, subsidence are discussed.
Offshore Platform Integration and Floatover Technology
by Gengshen Liu Huajun LiThis book discusses offshore platform integration technology, focusing on the floatover methodology and its applications. It also addresses topics related to safety and cost-effectiveness, as well as ensuring the success of a project through careful planning and established detailed operation procedure/working manuals, which are rarely found in the published literature. Unlike other publications in this area, the book not only includes details of technology development, but also presents real project cases in the discussion to make it more comprehensible. Each topic is illustrated with carefully created sketches to show the complex operation procedures.
Offshore Renewable Energy: Accelerating the Deployment of Offshore Wind, Tidal, and Wave Technologies
by Iea-Retd (Stichting Foundation RenewableWave, tidal and offshore wind technologies have long held the promise of seemingly limitless energy supplies. In practice, while offshore wind is growing relatively rapidly, all three sectors have lagged behind expectations. This book, from the International Energy Authority Renewable Energy Technology Deployment implementing agreement (IEA-RETD), examines the reasons for this and suggests how barriers to deployment might be overcome. Beginning with an assessment of the marine energy resource, it provides a detailed introduction to the main technologies currently being employed to harness wind, tidal and offshore wind power. It then examines the types of policies which are used to encourage deployment around the world, and progress towards meeting targets. The economics of offshore energy projects are discussed, along with risks that projects face and the types of finance which are available. A final section turns to barriers - both technical and non-technical (including environmental, health and safety, skill related, supply chain and more) - and in all cases suggests how to mitigate and remove these barriers. Highly illustrated in full colour, this is an indispensable resource for anyone - whether in industry, policy or academia - looking to learn more about how deployment of offshore renewable energy technologies can be encouraged.
Offshore Robotics: Volume I Issue 1, 2021 (Offshore Robotics)
by Ning Wang Shun-Feng SuThis journal-like book series includes edited volumes to rapidly report and spread the latest technological results, new scientific discovery and valuable applied researches in the fields concerning offshore robotics as well as promote international academic exchange. We aim to make it one of the premier comprehensive academic publications of world offshore vehicle and robotics community.The audience of the series will include the scholars, researchers, engineers and students who are interested in fields of autonomous marine vehicles and robotics, including autonomous surface vehicles, autonomous underwater vehicles, remote operation vehicles, marine bionics, marine vehicle modeling, guidance, navigation, control and cooperation and so on.
Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling
by Mark J Kaiser Brian SnyderOffshore wind energy is one of the most promising and fastest growing alternative energy sources in the world. Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling provides a methodological framework to assess installation and decommissioning costs, and using examples from the European experience, provides a broad review of existing processes and systems used in the offshore wind industry. Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling provides a step-by-step guide to modeling costs over four sections. These sections cover: ·Background and introductory material, ·Installation processes and vessel requirements, ·Installation cost estimation, and ·Decommissioning methods and cost estimation. This self-contained and detailed treatment of the key principles in offshore wind development is supported throughout by visual aids and data tables. Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling is a key resource for anyone interested in the offshore wind industry, particularly those interested in the technical and economic aspects of installation and decommissioning. The book provides a reliable point of reference for industry practitioners and policy makers developing generalizable installation or decommissioning cost estimates.
Offshore Wind Energy Technology
by Olimpo Anaya-Lara John Olav Tande Kjetil Uhlen Karl MerzA COMPREHENSIVE REFERENCE TO THE MOST RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN OFFSHORE WIND TECHNOLOGY Offshore Wind Energy Technology offers a reference based on the research material developed by the acclaimed Norwegian Research Centre for Offshore Wind Technology (NOWITECH) and material developed by the expert authors over the last 20 years. This comprehensive text covers critical topics such as wind energy conversion systems technology, control systems, grid connection and system integration, and novel structures including bottom-fixed and floating. The text also reviews the most current operation and maintenance strategies as well as technologies and design tools for novel offshore wind energy concepts. The text contains a wealth of mathematical derivations, tables, graphs, worked examples, and illustrative case studies. Authoritative and accessible, Offshore Wind Energy Technology: Contains coverage of electricity markets for offshore wind energy and then discusses the challenges posed by the cost and limited opportunities Discusses novel offshore wind turbine structures and floaters Features an analysis of the stochastic dynamics of offshore/marine structures Describes the logistics of planning, designing, building, and connecting an offshore wind farm Written for students and professionals in the field, Offshore Wind Energy Technology is a definitive resource that reviews all facets of offshore wind energy technology and grid connection.
Offshore Wind Energy: Environmental Conditions and Dynamics of Fixed and Floating Turbines
by Finn Gunnar NielsenMany countries have plans to expand wind energy to meet CO2 emissions targets. Lack of available land area and the need for good and stable wind conditions have stimulated the development of offshore wind turbines, which allows for the development of larger turbines. The offshore environment, however, involves new challenges related to the design, installation, operation and maintenance of the turbines. Based on a graduate-level course taught by the author, this book focuses on the opportunities and challenges related to offshore wind turbines. It introduces the offshore environment, including wind and wave dynamics, before discussing the aerodynamics of wind turbines, hydrodynamic loading, marine operations, and wind farm layout. Featuring examples that demonstrate practical application of the topics covered and exercises to consolidate student understanding, this is an indispensable reference text for advanced students and researchers of environmental science and engineering and for industry professionals working in the wind energy sector.
Oh Beautiful Beer
by Harvey ShepardThe craft beer boom of the last decade has led to an explosion of new breweries. In such a crowded market, how do you make your beer stand out from the crowd? For many of the best brewers, the secret is to have an eye-catching design, something that reflects the quality of the product within and the values of the brewer who made it. Based on the hugely popular blog, Oh Beautiful Beer collects the most innovative new labels and logos into a sumptuous full-color book. Each brewery is selected by graphic designer Harvey Shepard, who uses the designs to create a visual history of craft beer. From the Gonzo cartoons of Flying Dog to the playful geometric patterns of Evil Twin to the classic Brooklyn "B," every beer geek will want to own this love letter to the art of beer.
Oh Say Can You Seed?: All About Flowering Plants
by Bonnie WorthWith the able assistance of Thing 1 and Thing 2 -- and a fleet of Rube Goldbergian vehicles -- the Cat in the Hat examines the various parts of plants, seeds, and flowers; basic photosynthesis and pollination; and seed dispersal.
Oh, Ick!: 114 Science Experiments Guaranteed to Gross You Out!
by Joy Masoff Jessica Garrett Ben LigonFrom the bestselling author of Oh, Yuck! and Oh, Yikes!, with over 1.25 million copies in print, here is an A-Z compendium of hands-on grossness. Featuring 114 interactive experiments and ick-tivities, Oh, Ick! delves into the science behind everything disgusting. Stage an Ooze Olympics to demonstrate viscosity and the nature of slime. Observe how fungi grow by making a Mold Zoo. Embark on an Insect Safari to get to know the creepy crawlies around your home. And learn what causes that embarrassing acne on your face by baking a Pimple Cake to pop—and eat. Eww!
Oh, Yuck!: The Encyclopedia of Everything Nasty
by Joy MasoffKids love stuff that's gross. From the liquids, solids, and gases--especially the gases!--or their own bodies to the creepy, crawly, slimy, slithery, fetid, and feculent phenomena in the world at large, kids with a curious bent just can't get enough. Oh, Yuck! The Encyclopedia of Everything Nasty brings together, in one book, all the good things about some of the baddest things on Earth.Exhaustively researched and impeccably scientific, yet written with a lively lack of earnestness, Oh, Yuck! is an ants to zits encyclopedic compendium covering people, animals, insects, plants, foods, and more. Here are vampire bats, which sip blood and pee at the same time so that they'll always be light enough to fly away; and slime eels, wreathed in mucus and eating fellow fish from the inside out. Oh, Yuck! explains why vomit smells; where dandruff comes from; what pus is all about; and why maggots adore rotting meant. Other features include gross recipes, putrid projects, 10 foods that make you airborne, and more.With hundreds of cartoon illustrations and real-life photographs, Oh, Yuck! is the complete guide to the irresistible--at least to an 8-to-12 year old--underbelly of life.
Oh, the Things They Invented!: All About Great Inventors (Cat in the Hat's Learning Library)
by Bonnie WorthFrom the first printing press to the World Wide Web—the Cat looks at inventors and inventions that have changed our lives! The Cat in the Hat goes back in time to meet with the masterminds of more than a dozen inventions that made a major impact on our lives today—from famous figures like Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, and the Wright brothers to lesser-known ones like Garrett Morgan, Mary Anderson, and Tim Berners-Lee. Children will learn basic information about each invention, as well as fascinating facts like how Guttenberg&’s famous printing machine was made from an old wine press, how a steaming teakettle may have inspired the creation of the steam engine, and how table salt changed the history of photography. Ideal for supporting the Common Core State Standards, and a natural for fans of the hit PBS Kids show The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!, this is a great way to introduce beginning readers to science!