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Oxygen-Carrier-Aided Combustion Technology for Solid-Fuel Conversion in Fluidized Bed
by Lin Li Lunbo DuanThis open access book surveys the development of OCAC technology in the last decade for solid fuel conversion in fluidized beds. The scientific concerns, including combustion and emission characteristics, ash-related problems, OC aging, and so on, are summarized and analyzed. Beyond this, new concepts like OCAC with Oxy-PFBC, OCAC coupled with staged fuel conversion, OCAC in rotatory kilns and multi-functional OCAC are proposed, so as to promote the applications of OCAC to various fields in the future. Moreover, this book also outlines the perspectives for future research and development of OCAC. As an emerging technology, extensive studies and investigations are still necessary to fill in the gap from the fundamental understanding of the technology to its industrial demonstrations. Nevertheless, we believe that this book provides novel insights for the readership of energy and combustion and stimulate meaningful follow-on research on OCAC technology.
Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion
by Charles E. BaukalCombustion technology has traditionally been dominated by air/fuel combustion. However, two developments have increased the significance of oxygen-enhanced combustion-new technologies that produce oxygen less expensively and the increased importance of environmental regulations. Advantages of oxygen-enhanced combustion include less pollutant emissi
Oxygen: A Four Billion Year History (Princeton Science Library)
by Donald E. CanfieldThe remarkable scientific story of how Earth became an oxygenated planetThe air we breathe is twenty-one percent oxygen, an amount higher than on any other known world. While we may take our air for granted, Earth was not always an oxygenated planet. How did it come to be this way? Donald Canfield covers this vast history, emphasizing its relationship to the evolution of life and the evolving chemistry of Earth. He guides readers through the various lines of scientific evidence, considers some of the wrong turns and dead ends along the way, and highlights the scientists and researchers who have made key discoveries in the field. Now with an incisive new preface by the author, Oxygen takes readers on an astonishing journey of discovery, telling the story of how our planet became oxygenated.
Oxygen: The Molecule That Made the World
by Nick LaneNick Lane shows how oxygen underpins the origin of biological complexity, the birth of photosynthesis, the evolution of animals, the need for two sexes, the aging of cloned animals like Dolly the sheep, and the surprisingly long lives of birds.
Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Related Peptides in the Regulation of Behavior
by Martin Kavaliers Elena Choleris Donald W. PfaffThe mammalian neurohypophyseal peptide hormones oxytocin and vasopressin act to mediate human social behavior - they affect trust and social relationships and have an influence on avoidance responses. Describing the evolutionary roots of the effects that these neuropeptides have on behavior, this book examines remarkable parallel findings in both humans and non-human animals. The chapters are structured around three key issues: the molecular and neurohormonal mechanisms of peptides; phylogenetic considerations of their role in vertebrates; and their related effects on human behavior, social cognition and clinical applications involving psychiatric disorders such as autism. A final chapter summarizes current research perspectives and reflects on the outlook for future developments. Providing a comparative overview and featuring contributions from leading researchers, this is a valuable resource for graduate students, researchers and clinicians in this rapidly developing field.
Oxytocin, Well-Being and Affect Regulation
by Eliana Nogueira-ValeThis book brings together neuroscience and psychoanalysis to explain the complex interactions between neurobiological and psychological phenomena involved in the development of human attachment and affect regulation. The author reviews research from the burgeoning fields of affective neuroscience and neuropsychoanalysis to tell the story of how the discovery of a specific hormone – oxytocin – paved the way for the study of the neurobiological bases of emotions in a way that can contribute to integrate neuroscientific research into psychotherapy, especially for the treatment of anxiety disorders. The book starts by presenting a brief history of neuroscience, spanning from the discovery of oxytocin, at the beginning of the 20th century, until the emergence of affective neuroscience and neuropsychoanalysis as new scientific fields at the turn of the 20th to the 21st century. Then it reviews the long tradition of psychoanalytic research on human attachment starting with John Bowlby’s seminal Attachment Theory and explains how these early findings have been complemented by neuroscientific and psychological research on brain development and affect regulation. Finally, the two last chapters of the book show how this prolific dialogue between neuroscience and psychoanalysis can contribute to the future of psychotherapy. Oxytocin, Well-Being and Affect Regulation was originally published in Portuguese for the Brazilian market and this English edition for the international market is a revised version with two new additional chapters. It will be of interest to both students and professionals from different fields within the behavioral and health sciences, such as psychology and medicine, who will find in this book a brief and accessible introduction to key topics in the emerging fields of affective neuroscience and neuropsychoanalysis. The translation of the original manuscript in Portuguese into English was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.
Ozone Reaction Kinetics for Water and Wastewater Systems
by Fernando J. BeltranThis text compiles information about ozonation kinetics of compounds for water and wastewater treatment professionals in a single volume. Application of kinetics to the evaluation, design, and implementation of ozone technology is discussed, along with information to determine when to use ozone treatments, and how to design effective systems. The book is divided into seven themes including: classification and studies on the kinetics of ozone direct reactions in water and wastewater; the determination of ozone rate coefficient (or reactivity quantification) in wastewater, according to the COD level, and the effects on biodegradability; and the kinetic modeling of the ozonation of water and wastewaters.
Ozone Technology for Food Processing and Preservation (Synthesis Lectures on Chemical Engineering and Biochemical Engineering)
by Javid Ahmad Parray Mohammad Yaseen Mir A. K. Haghi Nusrat ShafiOzone is a powerful disinfectant with many applications. This book describes the unique advantages of using ozone technology for food decontamination. Food contamination, especially microbial contamination of fresh produce, is a serious concern in many parts of the world. Ozone decontamination can contribute to food safety and quality retention while avoiding the concerns associated with the use of pesticides. The book begins with an introduction about ozone properties and ozone technology followed by a detailed description of applications of ozone for preservation of grain, fruits, and vegetables, as well as meat and seafood. Possible effects on product quality and shelf life are discussed, and potential research directions for the future are also suggested.
P-Type ATPases
by Maike BublitzThis volume provides a broad collection of protocols for many of the common experimental techniques used for the characterization of P-type ATPases. P-Type ATPases: Methods and Protocols provides comprehensive practical instructions for all researchers in the P-type ATPase field, from the protein biochemist to the mouse geneticist, covering the identification and classification, isolation, purification, in vitro characterization, knock-out studies, as well as crystallization and structural analysis. Written for the Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, P-Type ATPases: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field of research.
P-graphs for Process Systems Engineering: Mathematical Models and Algorithms
by Ferenc Friedler Ákos Orosz Jean Pimentel LosadaThis book discusses the P-graph framework for developing and understanding effective design tools for process systems engineering, and addresses the current state of its theory and applications. The book details the new philosophy of the axioms-based mathematical modelling of processing systems, the basic algorithms, areas of application, future directions, and the proofs of theorems and algorithms. Because of the rigorous foundation of the theory, the framework provides a firm basis for future research in mathematical modelling, optimization, and design of complex engineering systems. The various P-graph applications discussed include process network synthesis, reliability engineering, and systems resilience. The framework opens new avenues for research in complex systems including redundant operations for critical infrastructure, systems sustainability, and modelling tools for disaster engineering. Demonstration software is provided to facilitate the understanding of the theory. The book will be of interest to institutions, companies, and individuals performing research and R&D in process systems engineering.
P3HT Revisited - From Molecular Scale to Solar Cell Devices
by Sabine LudwigsThe series Advances in Polymer Science presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science. It covers all areas of research in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics, material science. The thematic volumes are addressed to scientists, whether at universities or in industry, who wish to keep abreast of the important advances in the covered topics. Advances in Polymer Science enjoys a longstanding tradition and good reputation in its community. Each volume is dedicated to a current topic, and each review critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume. The volumes typically summarize the significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years and discuss them critically, presenting selected examples, explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. On that basis, future research directions in the area can be discussed. Advances in Polymer Science volumes thus are important references for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymer science - as an introduction to a neighboring field, or as a compilation of detailed information for the specialist. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Single contributions can be specially commissioned. Readership: Polymer scientists, or scientists in related fields interested in polymer and biopolymer science, at universities or in industry, graduate students
P5 Medicine and Justice: Innovation, Unitariness And Evidence
by Santo Davide FerraraThis book describes the state of the art and future prospects of the most important bio-medicolegal subdisciplines in the post-genomic framework of personalized medicine. Focusing on the three main themes Innovation, Unitariness and Evidence, the book addresses a wide range of topics, including: Bio-Medicolegal and Criminological Sciences, Forensic Pathology and Anthropology, Clinical and Forensic Medicine in Living Persons (from Interpersonal Violence to Personal Injury and Damage, Malpractice, Personal Identification and Age Estimation), Forensic Genetics and Genomics, and Toxicology and Imaging.The unitariness of the “Bio-Medicolegal Sciences”, historically founded on the accuracy and rigor of the methods of ascertainment and criteria of evaluation, should be re-established on the basis of molecular evidence, and used to promote Personalized Justice. Taken together, the book’s conclusions and future perspectives outline a vision of transdisciplinary innovation and future evidence in the framework of personalized justice.
PACS and Digital Medicine: Essential Principles and Modern Practice
by Yu Liu Jihong WangTo improve efficiency and reduce administrative costs, healthcare providers, insurance companies, and governments are increasingly using integrated electronic health record (EHR) and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) to manage patients' medical information. Reflecting the latest applications of PACS technology, PACS and Digital Med
PAMP Signals in Plant Innate Immunity
by P. VidhyasekaranPlant innate immunity is a potential surveillance system of plants and is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. The immune system is a sleeping system in unstressed healthy plants and is activated on perception of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP; the pathogen's signature) of invading pathogens. The PAMP alarm/danger signals are perceived by plant pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). The plant immune system uses several second messengers to encode information generated by the PAMPs and deliver the information downstream of PRRs to proteins which decode/interpret signals and initiate defense gene expression. This book describes the most fascinating PAMP-PRR signaling complex and signal transduction systems. It also discusses the highly complex networks of signaling pathways involved in transmission of the signals to induce distinctly different defense-related genes to mount offence against pathogens.
PARP as a Therapeutic Target (Handbooks in Pharmacology and Toxicology)
by Jie ZhangRecent research in cell death mechanisms has rekindled interest in PARP's (Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase) intriguing role in necrosis and apoptosis. While the details of how PARP1 functions are still being elucidated, it has tremendous potential as a promising drug target. PARP inhibitors' dual actions of preventing cell death and abating inflammati
PARTNERSHIP FOR SOLID-STATE LIGHTING: Report of a Workshop
by Technology Board On Science Economic PolicyAs part of its analysis of public-private partnerships, the Academies convened leading academic researchers, government officials and policy makers, and representatives from large and small firms to explore the potential contributions, technical challenges, and opportunities for government-industry-university collaboration in the area of solid-state lighting. The workshop report devotes special attention to the potential for substantial social benefits—relating to the environment, energy consumption, and national security—that could arise with the widespread use of solid-state lighting technology. The workshop also focused on the technical and competitive hurdles currently faced in bringing solid-state lighting to market and the potential contributions of a well-conceived national consortium for solid-state lighting research.
PAT Applied in Biopharmaceutical Process Development And Manufacturing: An Enabling Tool for Quality-by-Design (Biotechnology and Bioprocessing)
by Jose C. Menezes Cenk Undey Duncan Low Mel KochAs with all of pharmaceutical production, the regulatory environment for the production of therapeutics has been changing as a direct result of the US FDA-initiated Quality by Design (QbD) guidelines and corresponding activities of the International Committee for Harmonization (ICH). Given the rapid growth in the biopharmaceutical area and the comp
PBX Security and Forensics
by I. I. AndroulidakisPBX Security and Forensics presents readers with theoretical and practical background for Private Branch Exchanges (PBXs). PBX is privately owned equipment that serve the communication needs of a private or public entity making connections among internal telephones and linking them to other users in the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). Targeted damages and attacks in PBXs can cause significant instability and problems. The author provides examples of these threats and how to prevent against such attacks in the future. Readers will also be shown where to find forensics data and how to conduct relevant analysis.
PCAT Test Prep Flash Cards: Biology Essentials (Exambusters PCAT Workbook #3)
by Ace Inc.<P><P><i>Advisory: Bookshare has learned that this book offers only partial accessibility. We have kept it in the collection because it is useful for some of our members. Benetech is actively working on projects to improve accessibility issues such as these.</i><P><P> 450 questions and answers (ILLUSTRATED). Essential definitions and concepts. <P><P>Topics: Cells, Biochemistry and Energy, Evolution and Classification, Kingdoms: Bacteria, Fungi, Protista; Kingdom: Plantae, Kingdom: Animalia, Human Locomotion, Human Circulation and Immunology, Human Respiration and Excretion, Human Digestion, Human Nervous System, Human Endocrinology, Reproduction and Development, Genetics, Ecology <P>Exambusters PCAT Prep Workbooks provide comprehensive, fundamental PCAT review--one fact at a time--to prepare students to take practice PCAT tests. Each PCAT study guide focuses on one specific subject area covered on the PCAT exams. From 300 to 600 questions and answers, each volume in the PCAT series is a quick and easy, focused read. Reviewing PCAT flash cards is the first step toward more confident PCAT preparation and ultimately, higher PCAT exam scores!
PCAT Test Prep Flash Cards: Chemistry Essentials (Exambusters PCAT Workbook #4 of 4)
by Ace Inc.<P><P><i>Advisory: Bookshare has learned that this book offers only partial accessibility. We have kept it in the collection because it is useful for some of our members. Benetech is actively working on projects to improve accessibility issues such as these.</i><P><P> 700 questions and answers. Essential definitions, formulas, concepts, and sample problems. <P><P>Topics: Introduction, Matter, Atoms, Formulas, Moles, Reactions, Elements, Periodic Table, Electrons, Chemical Bonds, Heat, Gases, Phase Changes, Solutions, Reaction Rates, Equilibrium, Acids and Bases, Oxidation and Reduction, Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Radioactivity <P>Exambusters PCAT Prep Workbooks provide comprehensive, fundamental PCAT review--one fact at a time--to prepare students to take practice PCAT tests. Each PCAT study guide focuses on one specific subject area covered on the PCAT exams. From 300 to 600 questions and answers, each volume in the PCAT series is a quick and easy, focused read. Reviewing PCAT flash cards is the first step toward more confident PCAT preparation and ultimately, higher PCAT exam scores!
PCBs: Human and Environmental Disposition and Toxicology
by Takeshi Nakano Paul S Cooke Tomas Tmovec Deborah C Rice Linda S Birnbaum Charles S WongThough polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been banned in the United States for more than thirty years, the toxic effects of their presence in local environments continue to be a significant public health concern. PCBs: Human and Environmental Disposition and Toxicology brings together more than fifty established specialists on PCB toxicity to discuss recent trends and specialized investigations of PCB influences on the environment and on humans. Renowned scientists including Paul S. Cooke, Takeshi Nakano, Tomas Trnovec, Deborah C. Rice, Linda S. Birnbaum, and Charles S. Wong present cutting-edge research on Hudson River PCBs, human contamination, homologue profiles, high PCB exposure in Slovakia, and PCB effects on the thyroid hormone, nutrition, and estrogen levels in humans and animals. Focusing on the detection, movement, metabolism, toxicity, remediation, and risk assessment of PCB contamination, this multi-disciplinary study is a valuable resource for regulatory agencies and scientists working with PCBs.
PCM-Based Building Envelope Systems: Innovative Energy Solutions for Passive Design (Green Energy and Technology)
by Benjamin DurakovićPCM Enhanced Building Envelopes presents the latest research in the field of thermal energy storage technologies that can be applied to solar heating and cooling with the aim of shifting and reducing building energy demand. It discusses both practical and technical issues, as well as the advantages of using common phase change materials (PCMs) in buildings as a more efficient, novel solution for passive solar heating/cooling strategies. The book includes qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the science, technology and practices of PCM-based building envelopes, and reflects recent trends by placing emphasis on energy storage solutions within building walls, floors, ceilings, façades, windows, and shading devices. With the aim of assessing buildings’ energy performance, the book provides advanced modeling and simulation tools as a theoretical basis for the analysis of PCM-based building envelopes in terms of heat storage and transfer. This book will be of interest to all those dealing with building energy analysis such as researchers, academics, students and professionals in the fields of mechanical and civil engineering and architectural design
PCM—CMM2023: Theories, Models and Simulations of Complex Physical Systems (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #1146)
by Roman Szewczyk Sławomir Kciuk Arkadiusz Mężyk Eugeniusz ŚwitońskiThe idea of organizing the Polish Congress of Mechanics was born in 2005 among members of the Polish Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. The first Congress has been organized in 2007. In 2013, the organization of the Polish Congress of Mechanics was included in the statutory tasks of the Polish Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Referring to the splendid tradition of Polish Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, the Congress has become one of the most important international scientific conventions representing this domain of science and gathering every 4 years about 500–600 specialists, who deal with the issues of mechanics and mechanical engineering in a broad sense. The organization of the Congress allows for the connection of many scientific communities, researchers, and engineers from various universities, faculties, research centers, and institutions. Such scientific meeting is an excellent place for presentation, discussion, and dissemination of new achievements and ideas relating to the theoretical foundations as well as practical applications of mechanics. The Congress presents the current state-of-the-art research in all disciplines of classical and quantum mechanics, solid and fluid mechanics, computational mechanics, applied mechanics, and physics, as well as structural mechanics and engineering.
PCR
by Mike McPherson Simon MøllerA thoroughly updated version of the successful first edition with a new chapter on Real-Time PCR, more prokaryotic applications, and more detail in the complex mutagenesis sections. Information on PCR applications in genomics and proteomics have been expanded and integrated throughout the text. There is also advice on available products a
PCR Cloning Protocols
by Harry W. Janes Bing-Yuan ChenPCR Cloning Protocols, Second Edition, updates and expands Bruce White's best-selling PCR Cloning Protocols (1997) with the newest procedures for DNA cloning and mutagenesis. Here the researcher will find readily reproducible methods for all the major aspects of PCR use, including PCR optimization, computer programs for PCR primer design and analysis, and novel variations for cloning genes of special characteristics or origin, with emphasis on long distance PCR and GC-rich template amplification. Also included are both conventional and novel enzyme-free and restriction site-free procedures to clone PCR products into a range of vectors, as well as state-of-the-art protocols to facilitate DNA mutagenesis and recombination, and to clone the challenging uncharacterized DNA flanking a known DNA fragment.