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Applications of Silicon-Germanium Heterostructure Devices (Series in Optics and Optoelectronics)
by C.K Maiti G.A ArmstrongThe first book to deal with the design and optimization of transistors made from strained layers, Applications of Silicon-Germanium Heterostructure Devices combines three distinct topics-technology, device design and simulation, and applications-in a comprehensive way. Important aspects of the book include key technology issues for the growth of st
Applications of Sliding Mode Control (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #79)
by Quanmin Zhu Nabil Derbel Jawhar GhommamThis book presents essential studies and applications in the context of sliding mode control, highlighting the latest findings from interdisciplinary theoretical studies, ranging from computational algorithm development to representative applications. Readers will learn how to easily tailor the techniques to accommodate their ad hoc applications. To make the content as accessible as possible, the book employs a clear route in each paper, moving from background to motivation, to quantitative development (equations), and lastly to case studies/illustrations/tutorials (simulations, experiences, curves, tables, etc. ). Though primarily intended for graduate students, professors and researchers from related fields, the book will also benefit engineers and scientists from industry.
Applications of Sliding Mode Control in Science and Engineering (Studies in Computational Intelligence #709)
by Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan Chang-Hua LienGathering 20 chapters contributed by respected experts, this book reports on the latest advances in and applications of sliding mode control in science and engineering. The respective chapters address applications of sliding mode control in the broad areas of chaos theory, robotics, electrical engineering, physics, chemical engineering, memristors, mechanical engineering, environmental engineering, finance, and biology. Special emphasis has been given to papers that offer practical solutions, and which examine design and modeling involving new types of sliding mode control such as higher order sliding mode control, terminal sliding mode control, super-twisting sliding mode control, and integral sliding mode control. This book serves as a unique reference guide to sliding mode control and its recent applications for graduate students and researchers with a basic knowledge of electrical and control systems engineering.
Applications of Solar Energy (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Avinash Kumar Agarwal Himanshu Tyagi Prodyut R. Chakraborty Satvasheel PowarThis book focuses on solar-energy-based renewable energy systems and discusses the generation of electric power using solar photovoltaics, as well as some new techniques, such as solar towers, for both residential and commercial needs. Such systems have played an important role in the move towards low-emission and sustainable energy sources. The book covers a variety of applications, such as solar water heaters, solar air heaters, solar drying, nanoparticle-based direct absorption solar systems, solar volumetric receivers, solar-based cooling systems, solar-based food processing and cooking, efficient buildings using solar energy, and energy storage for solar thermal systems. Given its breadth of coverage, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers, students, and professionals alike.
Applications of Space Techniques on the Natural Hazards in the MENA Region
by Mashael M. Al SaudThis book introduces a comprehensive understanding in the use of space techniques in natural hazards and risk management in the MENA Region. The book is based on different case-studies from 25 MENA countries, and will be useful in highlighting the issues from all aspects. In recent years the number of natural hazard events has increased in the MENA Region. This is exacerbated by the changing climate and extreme climate events, as well as a large increase in the population in this area. Disastrous events occur on a yearly basis characterized by a vulnerability of physical processes. Floods, earthquakes, and mass movement result in severe damage to property and livelihoods, and have devastating effects upon the environment. These events cause severe financial losses, which on an annual basis, can exceed millions of dollars. The predication, assessment and monitoring approaches remain inadequate in managing these hazards and in mitigating their impacts, but with the development of space techniques and geo-information systems, these situations can now be better managed. The miscellany of satellite images, with different spatial and temporal resolutions, enable the detection of terrain features and provide indications of potential natural risks. This book will of interest to stakeholders, including field experts, academics, researchers and decision makers.
Applications of Spinel Nano-Ferrites in Health, Environmental Sustainability, and Safety (Nanotechnology Advances and Applications)
by Atul Thakur Preeti ThakurThis book presents the foundational concepts of spinel nano-ferrites, their synthesis techniques, and their cutting-edge applications in various fields. The book begins with an introduction to spinel nano-ferrites, discussing their unique properties and historical context. It then delves into various synthesis techniques, such as sol-gel methods, co-precipitation, and hydrothermal processes, highlighting the influence of these methods on the resultant structures and morphologies. The book also reviews the electrical and magnetic characteristics of spinel nano-ferrites, demonstrating their potential in electronic and magnetic devices. The role of spinel nano-ferrites in the health sector is explored in depth, detailing their use as antibacterial and antifungal agents and their innovative applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cancer detection, targeted drug delivery, and hyperthermia treatment. The chapters further examine the environmental applications of spinel nano-ferrites, including their effectiveness in pollution remediation, water purification, dye degradation, and the detection and removal of heavy metal ions and microplastics from wastewater. Toward the end, the book explores the development of gas sensors and humidity sensors using spinel nano-ferrites, as well as devices designed for human and environmental safety. This book is intended for researchers and students of nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology, healthcare professionals, and environmental scientists.Key Features: Covers foundational concepts, unique properties, and cutting-edge applications of spinel nano-ferrites Explores various synthesis methods such as sol-gel, co-precipitation, and hydrothermal processes, and their impact on structures and morphologies of spinel nano-ferrites Discusses the electrical and magnetic characteristics of spinel nano-ferrites Examines the potential of spinel nano-ferrites as antibacterial and antifungal agents, and their roles in MRI, cancer detection, and drug delivery Highlights the effectiveness of spinel nano-ferrites in pollution remediation, water purification, and dye degradation
Applications of Stem Cells and derived Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Disorders
by Sadaf Jahan Arif Jamal SiddiquiThis book explores the therapeutic approaches of stem cells and stem cell-derived exosomes against neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). The initial chapters introduce different neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the mechanistic aspects of their progression. The subsequent chapters cover strategies for the isolation, characterization, and differentiation of stem cells. In turn, the book reviews the protective role of stem cells against neurological disorders and examines regenerative approaches to treat neurological diseases using mesenchymal stem cells. The book also presents induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology for cellular therapy, drug screening, and in-vitro modeling of neurodegenerative diseases. Lastly, the book discusses the role of stem cells and derived exosomes as a novel therapeutic agent against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and in associated signaling molecules involved in neuroprotection. This book is an invaluable source for researchers working towards understanding the potential of stem cell therapy in neurodegenerative disorders.
Applications of Supramolecular Chemistry
by Hans-Jörg SchneiderApplications of Supramolecular Chemistry introduces the use of non-covalent interactions and molecular recognition for many fields. Applications include the analysis of technically, medically, and environmentally important chemical compounds, their separation, purification and removal, and the design of new materials, including supramolecular elect
Applications of Topological Methods in Molecular Chemistry (Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics #22)
by Remi Chauvin Christine Lepetit Bernard Silvi Esmail AlikhaniThis is the first edited volume that features two important frameworks, Hückel and quantum chemical topological analyses. The contributors, which include an array of academics of international distinction, describe recent applications of such topological methods to various fields and topics that provide the reader with the current state-of-the-art and give a flavour of the wide range of their potentialities.
Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesThe new field of toxicogenomics presents a potentially powerful set of tools to better understand the health effects of exposures to toxicants in the environment. At the request of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Research Council assembled a committee to identify the benefits of toxicogenomics, the challenges to achieving them, and potential approaches to overcoming such challenges. The report concludes that realizing the potential of toxicogenomics to improve public health decisions will require a concerted effort to generate data, make use of existing data, and study data in new ways--an effort requiring funding, interagency coordination, and data management strategies.
Applications of Toxicogenomics in Safety Evaluation and Risk Assessment
by B. Bhaskar Gollapudi Darrell R. BoverhofThis book provides a timely overview of toxicogenomics, with special emphasis on the practical applications of this technology to the risk assessment process. Introductory sections are followed by a series of chapters highlighting practical and systematic applications of toxicogenomics in informing the risk assessment process - including the areas of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, endocrine toxicity, organ-specific toxicity, population monitoring, and ecotoxicology. The book concludes with approaches for the integration of this technology in safety evaluation studies, and an outlook on how toxicogenomics and complementary technologies can reframe the current risk assessment paradigm.
Applications of Transition Metal Catalysis in Drug Discovery and Development
by Barry M. Trost Matthew L. CrawleyThis book focuses on the drug discovery and development applications of transition metal catalyzed processes, which can efficiently create preclinical and clinical drug candidates as well as marketed drugs. The authors pay particular attention to the challenges of transitioning academically-developed reactions into scalable industrial processes. Additionally, the book lays the groundwork for how continued development of transition metal catalyzed processes can deliver new drug candidates. This work provides a unique perspective on the applications of transition metal catalysis in drug discovery and development - it is a guide, a historical prospective, a practical compendium, and a source of future direction for the field.
Applications of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion
by Ragini Acharya Kenneth Kuan-yun KuoA hands-on, integrated approach to solving combustion problems in diverse areas An understanding of turbulence, combustion, and multiphase reacting flows is essential for engineers and scientists in many industries, including power genera-tion, jet and rocket propulsion, pollution control, fire prevention and safety, and material processing. This book offers a highly practical discussion of burning behavior and chemical processes occurring in diverse materials, arming readers with the tools they need to solve the most complex combustion problems facing the scientific community today. The second of a two-volume work, Applications of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion expands on topics involving laminar flames from Professor Kuo's bestselling book Principles of Combustion, Second Edition, then builds upon the theory discussed in the companion volume Fundamentals of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion to address in detail cutting-edge experimental techniques and applications not covered anywhere else. Special features of this book include: Coverage of advanced applications such as solid propellants, burning behavior, and chemical boundary layer flows A multiphase systems approach discussing basic concepts before moving to higher-level applications A large number of practical examples gleaned from the authors' experience along with problems and a solutions manual Engineers and researchers in chemical and mechanical engineering and materials science will find Applications of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion an indispensable guide for upgrading their skills and keeping up with this rapidly evolving area. It is also an excellent resource for students and professionals in mechanical, chemical, and aerospace engineering.
Applications of Wet-End Paper Chemistry
by Ian Thorn Che On Au"Applications of Wet-end Paper Chemistry" bridges the gap between the theory and practice of wet-end paper chemistry by explaining how particular chemicals are chosen and put to use in real situations. A number of international experts in the field present recent contributions on the optimum use of chemicals in papermaking. Major inroads have taken place since the first edition of this title was published in 1995. This new edition of "Applications of Wet-end Paper Chemistry" will reflect the changing type and use of chemicals used in papermaking in the 21st century. Chemists and chemical engineers across the paper and pulp making industry, as well as in research and academic institutes will find this book of enormous practical value.
Applications of the Gauge/Gravity Duality (Springer Theses)
by Jonas ProbstMany open questions in Theoretical Physics pertain to strongly interacting quantum systems such as the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in heavy-ion collisions or the strange-metal phase observed in many high-temperature superconductors. These systems are notoriously difficult to study using traditional methods such as perturbation theory, but the gauge/gravity duality offers a successful alternative approach, which maps strongly interacting quantum gauge theories to computationally tractable, classical gravity theories. This book begins with a pedagogical introduction to how the duality can be used to extract transport properties of quantum systems from their gravity dual. It then presents new results on hydrodynamic transport in strongly interacting quantum fluids, providing strong evidence that the Haack-Yarom identity between second-order transport coefficients holds for all fluids with a classical gravity dual and may be a universal feature of all strongly coupled quantum fluids such as the QGP. Newly derived Kubo formulae, expressing transport coefficients in terms of quantum correlators, hold independently of the duality. Lastly, the book discusses new results on magnetic impurities in strongly correlated metals, including the first dual gravity description of an inter-impurity coupling, crucial for the quantum criticality underlying the strange-metal phase.
Applications of the Laser: The Introduction Of Laser Applications Into Biology And Medicine
by Leon GoldmanThe laser's range of application is extraordinary. Arthur Schawlow says, "What instrument can shuck a bucket of oysters, correct typing errors, fuse atoms, lay a straight line for a garden bed, repair detached retinas, and drill holes in dia monds?"O The laser's specifically biomedical uses cover a similarly broad and interesting spectrum. In this book, I have endeavored to convey some of the fas cination that the laser has long held for me. It is my hope that both clinicians and researchers in the various medical and surgical specialties will find the book a use ful introduction. Biologists, particularly molecular biologists, should also find a great deal of relevant information herein. This volume's distinguished contributors provide admirably lucid discussions of laser principles, instrumentation, and current practice in their respective special ties. Safety, design, capabilities, and costs of various lasers are also reviewed. We have aimed to create a practical text that is comprehensive but not exhaustive. Our emphasis on the practical, rather than the esoteric, is dictated not only by the short history of biomedical laser use, but by the extent of the community to which this information will appeal.
Applications of the Topological Derivative Method (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #188)
by Antonio André Novotny Jan Sokołowski Antoni ŻochowskiThe book presents new results and applications of the topological derivative method in control theory, topology optimization and inverse problems. It also introduces the theory in singularly perturbed geometrical domains using selected examples. Recognized as a robust numerical technique in engineering applications, such as topology optimization, inverse problems, imaging processing, multi-scale material design and mechanical modeling including damage and fracture evolution phenomena, the topological derivative method is based on the asymptotic approximations of solutions to elliptic boundary value problems combined with mathematical programming tools. The book presents the first order topology design algorithm and its applications in topology optimization, and introduces the second order Newton-type reconstruction algorithm based on higher order topological derivatives for solving inverse reconstruction problems. It is intended for researchers and students in applied mathematics and computational mechanics interested in the mathematical aspects of the topological derivative method as well as its applications in computational mechanics.
Applied AI Techniques in the Process Industry: From Molecular Design to Process Design and Optimization
by Jingzheng Ren Chang HeThorough discussion of data-driven and first principles models for energy-relevant systems and processes, approached through various in-depth case studies Applied AI Techniques in the Process Industry identifies and categorizes the various hybrid models available that integrate data-driven models for energy-relevant systems and processes with different forms of process knowledge and domain expertise. State-of-the-art techniques such as reduced-order modeling, sparse identification, and physics-informed neural networks are comprehensively summarized, along with their benefits, such as improved interpretability and predictive power. Numerous in-depth case studies regarding the covered models and methods for data-driven modeling, process optimization, and machine learning are presented, from screening high-performance ionic liquids and AI-assisted drug design to designing heat exchangers with physics-informed deep learning. Edited by two highly qualified academics and contributed to by a number of leading experts in the field, Applied AI Techniques in the Process Industry includes information on: Integration of observed data and reaction mechanisms in deep learning for designing sustainable glycolic acidMachine learning-aided rational screening of task-specific ionic liquids and AI for property modeling and solvent tailoringIntegration of incomplete prior knowledge into data-driven inferential sensor models under the variational Bayesian frameworkAI-aided high-throughput screening, optimistic design of MOF materials for adsorptive gas separation, and reduced-order modeling and optimization of cooling tower systemsSurrogate modeling for accelerating optimization of complex systems in chemical engineering Applied AI Techniques in the Process Industry is an essential reference on the subject for process, chemical, and pharmaceutical engineers seeking to improve physical interpretability in data-driven models to enable usage that scales with a system and reduce inaccuracies and mismatch issues.
Applied Acoustics: Alternative Solutions - Innovative Tools - Practical Examples
by Helmut V. FuchsThe author gives a comprehensive overview of materials and components for noise control and acoustical comfort. Sound absorbers must meet acoustical and architectural requirements, which fibrous or porous material alone can meet. Basics and applications are demonstrated, with representative examples for spatial acoustics, free-field test facilities and canal linings. Acoustic engineers and construction professionals will find some new basic concepts and tools for developments in order to improve acoustical comfort. Interference absorbers, active resonators and micro-perforated absorbers of different materials and designs complete the list of applications.
Applied Agricultural Practices for Mitigating Climate Change [Volume 2]
by Vijay P. Singh Rohitashw Kumar Deepak Jhajharia Rasoul MirabbasiConservation agriculture is a sustainable production model that not only optimizes crop yields, but also reaps economic and environmental benefits as well. The adoption of successful conservation agriculture methods has resulted in energy savings, higher organic matter content and biotic activity in soil, increased crop-water availability and thus resilience to drought, improved recharge of aquifers, less erosion, and reduced impacts from the weather associated with climate change in general. Applied Agricultural Practices for Mitigating Climate Change examines several important aspects of crop production, such as the use of microorganisms and biofertilizers as well as GIS and Remote Sensing applications. It presents the latest techniques in crop modeling, best practices for irrigation under water deficit conditions, and other approaches for sustainable conservation agriculture that consider the environmental effects of climate change. Features: Examines the effects of climate change on agriculture and the related strategies for mitigation through practical, real-world examples Explores innovative on-farm technology options to increase system efficiency resulting in improved water usage Presents examples of precision farming using climate-resilient technologies
Applied Analysis in Biological and Physical Sciences: ICMBAA, Aligarh, India, June 2015 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #186)
by Jim M. Cushing H. M. Srivastava M. Saleem Mumtaz Ahmad Khan M. MerajuddinThe book contains recent developments and contemporary research in mathematical analysis and in its application to problems arising from the biological and physical sciences. The book is of interest to readers who wish to learn of new research in such topics as linear and nonlinear analysis, mathematical biology and ecology, dynamical systems, graph theory, variational analysis and inequalities, functional analysis, differential and difference equations, partial differential equations, approximation theory, and chaos. All papers were prepared by participants at the International Conference on Recent Advances in Mathematical Biology, Analysis and Applications (ICMBAA-2015) held during 4-6 June 2015 in Aligarh, India. A focal theme of the conference was the application of mathematics to the biological sciences and on current research in areas of theoretical mathematical analysis that can be used as sophisticated tools for the study of scientific problems. The conference provided researchers, academicians and engineers with a platform that encouraged them to exchange their innovative ideas in mathematical analysis and its applications as well as to form interdisciplinary collaborations. The content of the book is divided into three parts: Part I contains contributions from participants whose topics are related to nonlinear dynamics and its applications in biological sciences. Part II has contributions which concern topics on nonlinear analysis and its applications to a variety of problems in science, engineering and industry. Part III consists of contributions dealing with some problems in applied analysis.
Applied Anatomy & Physiology for Manual Therapists (1st Edition)
by Pat Archer Lisa A. NelsonApplied Anatomy & Physiology for Manual Therapists is a clear, accurate, simple, and comprehensive A&P textbook that addresses the needs of students in manual therapy education programs. It is a focused text that deliberately emphasizes the information manual therapists need to be familiar with in order to understand the benefits, effects, indications, and contraindications of their specific form of manual therapy.
Applied Anatomy for Exercise Science
by Kimberly KeeleyApplied Anatomy for Exercise Science is designed to help students develop foundational knowledge in anatomy and physiology. This textbook is not designed to be an inclusive anatomy and physiology resource, but rather a resource for students to utilize during their first year. Students can use this resource to develop an academic mindset while exploring anatomy and physiology concepts.Applied Anatomy for Exercise Science is divided into two parts: lecture content and a laboratory manual. The lecture content is organised into three sections: (1) Introduction to Applied Anatomy, (2) Musculoskeletal System, and (3) Cardiorespiratory System. Each chapter includes relevant content followed by an outline for note taking and worksheets to gauge understanding of essential concepts. The laboratory manual is divided into seven labs and includes resources for students to learn selected bony landmarks and the action, origin, and insertion of 60 muscles. The lab manual also includes worksheets and illustrations to help students gain a deeper understanding of the muscles and bones included in the textbook.