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Physical Models of Cell Motility
by Igor S. AransonThis book surveys the most recent advances in physics-inspired cell movement models. This synergetic, cross-disciplinary effort to increase the fidelity of computational algorithms will lead to a better understanding of the complex biomechanics of cell movement, and stimulate progress in research on related active matter systems, from suspensions of bacteria and synthetic swimmers to cell tissues and cytoskeleton. Cell motility and collective motion are among the most important themes in biology and statistical physics of out-of-equilibrium systems, and crucial for morphogenesis, wound healing, and immune response in eukaryotic organisms. It is also relevant for the development of effective treatment strategies for diseases such as cancer, and for the design of bioactive surfaces for cell sorting and manipulation. Substrate-based cell motility is, however, a very complex process as regulatory pathways and physical force generation mechanisms are intertwined. To understand the interplay between adhesion, force generation and motility, an abundance of computational models have been proposed in recent years, from finite element to immerse interface methods and phase field approaches. This book is primarily written for physicists, mathematical biologists and biomedical engineers working in this rapidly expanding field, and ca n serve as supplementary reading for advanced graduate courses in biophysics and mathematical biology. The e-book incorporates experimental and computer animations illustrating various aspects of cell movement.
Physical Models of Semiconductor Quantum Devices
by Ying FuThe science and technology relating to nanostructures continues to receive significant attention for its applications to various fields including microelectronics, nanophotonics, and biotechnology. This book describes the basic quantum mechanical principles underlining this fast developing field. From the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics to nanomaterial properties, from device physics to research and development of new systems, this title is aimed at undergraduates, graduates, postgraduates, and researchers.
Physical Modifications of Starch
by Zhongquan Sui Xiangli KongThis book provides comprehensive information on starch modification using physical approaches – a field that has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the fact that it is no longer desirable to label starch a modified. The required functionalities can be conveniently achieved by physical methods that are less expensive and more environmentally friendly. Intended for researchers and product developers working on starch, the book summarizes recent developments in the areas of starch physical modifications and reviews the structure, function and potential industrial applications of modified starch. Dr. Zhongquan Sui is an Associate Professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Dr. Xiangli Kong is an Assistant Professor at Zhejiang University.
Physical Modifications of Starch
by Zhongquan Sui Xiangli KongThis book provides comprehensive information on starch modification using physical approaches – a field that has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the fact that it is no longer desirable to label starch a modified. The required functionalities can be conveniently achieved by physical methods that are less expensive and more environmentally friendly. In the second edition, chapters are updated according to the recent research progress. Three new chapters are added including pulsed electric fields, dry heating and physical treatments that produce chemical changes. Chapter one is rewrote into three individual chapters including Molecular Structure of Starch, Granular Structure of Starch and Physicochemical Properties of Starch, aiming to help the readers better understand the structure of starch. This book summarizes recent developments in the areas of starch physical modifications and reviews the structure, function and potential industrial applications of modified starch. It provides valuable information for researchers and product developers to work on starch.
Physical Nonequilibrium in Soils: Modeling and Application
by H. Magdi Selim Liwang MaPhysical Nonequilibrium in Soils provides cutting-edge knowledge on physical nonequilibrium phenomena in soils, offering unique insight into the complexity of our physical world. With 18 chapters comprising the book, topics cover soil properties fluid properties mechanistic models transfer function geostatistics fractal analysis cellular-automation fluids coupling of physical and chemical nonequilibrium models confirming and quantifying physical nonequilibrium in soils analytical solutions field-scale research environmental impacts.
Physical Oceanographic Processes of the Great Barrier Reef: Physical And Biological Links In The Great Barrier Reef
by E. WolanskiPhysical Oceanographic Processes of the Great Barrier Reef is the first comprehensive volume describing the water circulation and its influence in controlling the distribution of marine life on the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. The book uses exhaustive field and numerical studies to show how the influence of the salient topography occurs at all scales.
Physical Optics: Principles and Practices
by Abdul Al-AzzawiSince the invention of the laser, our fascination with the photon has led to one of the most dynamic and rapidly growing fields of technology. As the reality of all-optical systems comes into focus, it is more important than ever to stay current with the latest advances in the optics and components that enable photonics technology. Comprising chapters drawn from the author's highly anticipated book Photonics: Principles and Practices, Physical Optics: Principles and Practices offers a detailed and focused treatment for anyone in need of authoritative information on this critical area underlying photonics.Using a consistent approach, the author leads you step-by-step through each topic. Each skillfully crafted chapter first explores the theoretical concepts of each topic, and then demonstrates how these principles apply to real-world applications by guiding you through experimental cases illuminated with numerous illustrations. The book works systematically through the principles of waves, diffraction, interference, diffraction gratings, interferometers, spectrometers, and several aspects of laser technology to build a thorough understanding of how to study and manipulate the behavior of light for various applications. In addition, it includes a four-page insert containing several full-color illustrations as well as a chapter on laboratory safety.Containing several topics presented for the first time in book form, Physical Optics: Principles and Practices is simply the most modern, detailed, and hands-on text in the field.
Physical Perspectives on Computation, Computational Perspectives on Physics
by Michael E. Cuffaro Samuel C. FletcherAlthough computation and the science of physical systems would appear to be unrelated, there are a number of ways in which computational and physical concepts can be brought together in ways that illuminate both. <P><P>This volume examines fundamental questions which connect scholars from both disciplines: is the universe a computer? Can a universal computing machine simulate every physical process? What is the source of the computational power of quantum computers? Are computational approaches to solving physical problems and paradoxes always fruitful? Contributors from multiple perspectives reflecting the diversity of thought regarding these interconnections address many of the most important developments and debates within this exciting area of research. Both a reference to the state of the art and a valuable and accessible entry to interdisciplinary work, the volume will interest researchers and students working in physics, computer science, and philosophy of science and mathematics.<P> Fills the gap in the book-length treatments of the interrelations between computation and physics, especially within philosophy.<P> Provides a reference point for the state of the art in important topics and research questions in this area.<P> Brings together scholars from a wide range of perspectives and disciplines.
Physical Principles of Astronomical Instrumentation (Series in Astronomy and Astrophysics)
by Peter A. Ade Matthew J. Griffin Carole E. TuckerOffering practical advice on a range of wavelengths, this highly accessible and self-contained book presents a broad overview of astronomical instrumentation, techniques, and tools. Drawing on the notes and lessons of the authors’ established graduate course, the text reviews basic concepts in astrophysics, spectroscopy, and signal analysis. It includes illustrative problems and case studies and aims to provide readers with a toolbox for observational capabilities across the electromagnetic spectrum and the knowledge to understand which tools are best suited to different observations. It is an ideal guide for undergraduates and graduates studying astronomy. Features: Presents a self-contained account of a highly complex subject. Offers practical advice and instruction on a wide range of wavelengths and tools. Includes case studies and problems for further learning opportunities.
Physical Principles of Biomembranes and Cells (Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering)
by Kazuo Ohki Hidetake MiyataThis book describes how biologically available free energy sources (ATP, chemical potential, and membrane potentials, among others) can be used to drive synthetic reactions, signaling in cells, and various types of motion such as membrane traffic, active transport, and cell locomotion. As such, it approaches the concept of the energy cycle of life on Earth from a physical point of view, covering topics ranging from an introduction to chemical evolution, to an examination of the catalytic activity of enzymes associated with the genome in Darwinian evolution. The author introduces the relationship between functions and physical properties in biomembranes, explaining the methods and equipment used in biophysics research to help researchers unravel the still-unsolved mysteries of life. The physical principles needed to understand the cellular functions are provided; these functions are associated with biomembranes and regulated by physical properties of the lipid bilayer such as membrane fluidity, phase transition, and phase separation, as shown in lipid rafts. Other key dynamic aspects of life (cell locomotion, cytoskeletal dynamics, and sensitivities of the cell to physical stimuli such as external forces and temperature) are also discussed. Lastly, readers will learn how life on Earth and its ecological system are maintained by solar energy, and be provided further information on the problems accompanying global warming.
Physical Principles of Electro-Mechano-Biology: Multiphysics and Supramolecular Approaches (Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials #25)
by Christian BrosseauThis book covers the recently developed understanding of Electro-Mechano-Biology (EMB) in which the focus is primarily on the couplings between the electric and mechanical fields. The emphasis lies on the analytical and computational aspects of EMB at the cellular level. The book is divided into two parts. In the first part, the author starts by defining and discussing the relevant basic aspects of the electrical and mechanical properties of cell membranes. He provides an overview of some of the ways analytical modelling of cell membrane electrodeformation (ED) and electroporation (EP) appears in a variety of contexts as well as a contemporary account of recent developments in computational approaches that can feature in the theory initiative, particularly in its attempt to describe the cohort of activities currently underway. Intended to serve as an introductory text and aiming to facilitate the understanding of the field to non-experts, this part does not dwell on the set of topics, such as cellular mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, irreversible EP, and atomistic molecular dynamics modelling of membrane EP. The second (and larger) part of the book is devoted to a presentation of the necessary analytical and computational tools to illustrate the ideas behind EMB and illuminate physical insights. Brief notes on the history of EMB and its many applications describing the variety of ideas and approaches are also included. In this part, the background of the first principles and practical calculation methods are discussed to highlight aspects that cannot be found in a single volume.
Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy
by R.F. F. EgertonScanning and stationary-beam electron microscopes are indispensable tools for both research and routine evaluation in materials science, the semiconductor industry, nanotechnology and the biological, forensic, and medical sciences. This book introduces current theory and practice of electron microscopy, primarily for undergraduates who need to understand how the principles of physics apply in an area of technology that has contributed greatly to our understanding of life processes and "inner space. " Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy will appeal to technologists who use electron microscopes and to graduate students, university teachers and researchers who need a concise reference on the basic principles of microscopy.
The Physical Processes and Observing Techniques of Radio Astronomy: An Introduction (Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics)
by Thomas G. PannutiThis is a textbook for undergraduate courses on radio astronomy. Written by an active professor and researcher in the field, it begins by explaining why conducting observations at radio frequencies is so important, then reviews essential physics concepts corresponding to a sophomore-level curriculum or higher. Next, the book introduces students to single dish telescopes and interferometers. The most commonly encountered emission mechanisms seen in radio astronomy are then explained, along with examples of astronomical sources broadly divided into the types of sources seen in galactic and extragalactic observations. Each chapter provides examples and exercises suitable for homework assignments. Also included is an appendix of useful supplementary material. Altogether, the book is a comprehensive, yet digestible starting point for physics and astronomy undergraduates looking to understand the basics of radio astronomy.
Physical Processes in Inorganic Scintillators (Laser And Optical Science And Technology Ser. #14)
by Piotr A. RodnyiDuring the last ten to fifteen years, researchers have made considerable progress in the study of inorganic scintillators. New scintillation materials have been investigated, novel scintillation mechanisms have been discovered, and additional scintillator applications have appeared. Demand continues for new and improved scintillation materials for a variety of applications including nuclear and high energy physics, astrophysics, medical imaging, geophysical exploration, radiation detection, and many other fields. However, until now there have been no books available that address in detail the complex scintillation processes associated with these new developments.Now, a world leader in the theory and applications of scintillation processes integrates the latest scientific advances of scintillation into a new work, Physical Processes in Inorganic Scintillators. Written by distinguished researcher Piotr Rodnyi, this volume explores this challenging subject, explains the complexities of scintillation from a modern point of view, and illuminates the way to the development of better scintillation materials.This unique work first defines the fundamental physical processes underlying scintillation and governing the primary scintillation characteristics of light output, decay time, emission spectrum, and radiation hardness. The book then discusses the complicated mechanisms of energy conversion and transformation in inorganic scintillators. The section on the role of defects in energy transfer and scintillation efficiency will be of special interest. Throughout, the author does not offer complicated derivations of equations but, instead, presents useful equations with practical results.
The Physical Processes of Digestion
by Roger G. Lentle Patrick W.M. JanssenFood research (and funding) is becoming more and more focused on health. While researchers and product developers have made great strides in food engineering, there needs to be increased focus on what happens when the food is actually digested. How is the food absorbed? Do the benefits remain? Digestion is a complex topic, and this will be the first book aimed at food researchers. Authored by a physiologist and a food engineer, the book will be a welcome addition to the literature.
Physical Properties of Ceramic and Carbon Nanoscale Structures
by Stefano BellucciThis is the second volume in a series of books on selected topics in Nanoscale Science and Technology based on lectures given at the well-known INFN schools of the same name. The aim of this collection is to provide a reference corpus of suitable, introductory material to relevant subfields, as they mature over time, by gathering the significantly expanded and edited versions of tutorial lectures, given over the years by internationally known experts. The present set of notes stems in particular from the participation and dedication of prestigious lecturers, such as Andrzej Huczko, Nicola Pugno, Alexander Malesevic, Pasquale Onorato and Stefano Bellucci. All lectures were subsequently carefully edited and reworked, taking into account the extensive follow-up discussions. A tutorial lecture by Huczko et al. shows how a variety of carbon and ceramic nanostructures (nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibres, nanorods, and nanoencapsulates) have in particular great potential for improving our understanding of the fundamental concepts of the roles of both dimensionality and size on physical material properties . Bellucci and Onorato provide an extensive and tutorial review of the (quantum) transport properties in carbon nanotubes, encompassing a description of the electronic structure from graphene to single-wall nanotubes, as well as a discussion of experimental evidence of superconductivity in carbon nanotubes and the corresponding theoretical interpretation. In the first contribution by Pugno, new ideas on how to design futuristic self-cleaning, super-adhesive and releasable hierarchical smart materials are presented. He also reviews the mechanical strength of such nanotubes and megacables, with an eye to the visionary project of a carbon nanotube-based 'space elevator megacable'. In his second contribution, Pugno outlines in detail the role on the fracture strength of thermodynamically unavoidable atomistic defects with different size and shape, both numerically and theoretically, for nanotubes and nanotube bundles. Focusing on graphitic allotropes, the chapter by Bellucci and Malesevic aims to give a taste of the widespread implications carbon nanostructures have on research and applications, starting from an historical overview, followed by a discussion of the structure and physical properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene, in particular in the context of the several different synthesis techniques presently available.
Physical Properties of Diamond and Sapphire
by Roshan L. Aggarwal Anant K. RamdasFocusing on the physical properties of diamond and sapphire, this monograph provides readers with essential details on crystal structure and growth, mechanical properties, thermal properties, optical properties, light scattering of diamond and sapphire crystals, and sapphire lasers. Various physical properties are comprehensively discussed: Mechanical properties include hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength, and Young’s modulus. Thermal properties include thermal expansion, specific heat, and thermal conductivity. Optical properties of diamond and sapphire include transmission, refractive index, and absorption. Light scattering includes Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering. Sapphire lasers include chromium-doped and titanium-doped lasers. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals working in materials science, physics, electrical engineering, and related fields, this monograph is the first to concentrate solely on physical properties of these increasingly important materials.
Physical Properties of Lipids
by Alejandro G. Marangoni Suresh S. NarineProvides in-depth coverage of the physical properties of fats and oils. Includes surface and theological characteristics as well as crystallization and phase behavior for improved nutrition and functionality in the design of new food products.
Physical Properties of Materials for Engineers
by Daniel D. PollockPhysical Properties of Materials for Engineers, Second Edition introduces and explains modern theories of the properties of materials and devices for practical use by engineers. Introductory chapters discuss both classical mechanics and quantum mechanics to demonstrate the need for the quantum approach. Topics are presented in an uncomplicated manner; extensive cross-references are provided to emphasize the inter-relationships among the physical phenomena. Illustrations and problems based on commercially-available materials are included where appropriate. Physical Properties of Materials for Engineers, Second Edition is an excellent introduction to solid state physics and practical techniques for students and workers in aerospace industry, chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, industrial engineering, materials science, and mechanical and metallurgical engineering.
Physical Properties of Materials, Third Edition
by Mary Anne WhiteDesigned for advanced undergraduate students and as a useful reference book for materials researchers, Physical Properties of Materials, Third Edition establishes the principles that control the optical, thermal, electronic, magnetic, and mechanical properties of materials. Using an atomic and molecular approach, this introduction to materials science offers readers a wide-ranging survey of the field and a basis to understand future materials. The author incorporates comments on applications of materials science, extensive references to the contemporary and classic literature, and 350 end-of-chapter problems. In addition, unique tutorials allow students to apply the principles to understand applications, such as photocopying, magnetic devices, fiber optics, and more. This fully revised and updated Third Edition includes new materials and processes, such as topological insulators, 3-D printing, and more information on nanomaterials. The new edition also now adds Learning Goals at the end of each chapter and a Glossary with more than 500 entries for quick reference. Web ResourceThe book’s companion website (www.physicalpropertiesofmaterials.com) provides updates to the further reading sections and links to videos made specifically by the author for this book. It also offers sources of demonstration materials for lectures and PowerPoint slides of figures from the book. Many of the features (all those under Student Resources) are freely available to all, including about 30 custom made videos that specifically complement the contents of the book. These videos are highlighted at the appropriate points in the text. The book website also has many links to relevant websites around the world, sorted by chapter, to be used by students, instructors and materials researchers.
Physical Properties of Nanorods
by Albert Figuerola Chandramohan George Giovanni Morello Liberato Manna Roman Krahne Sasanka DekaInorganic nanoparticles are among the most investigated objects nowadays, both in fundamental science and in various technical applications. In this book the physical properties of nanowires formed by nanoparticles with elongated shape, i.e. rod-like or wire-like, are described. The transition in the physical properties is analyzed for nanorods and nanowires consisting of spherical and rod-like nanoparticles. The physical properties of nanowires and elongated inorganic nanoparticles are reviewed too. The optical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical and catalytic properties of nanowires consisting of semiconductors, noble and various other metals, metal oxides properties and metal alloys are presented. The applications of nanorods and nanowires are discussed in the book.
Physical Science: Concepts and Challenges (4th edition)
by Leonard Bernstein Martin Schachter Alan Winkler Stanley WolfePeople are naturally curious. They want to understand the world around them. They want to understand what makes flowers grow and how their own bodies work. The field of science would probably not exist if it were not for human curiosity about the natural world. People also want to be able to make good guesses about the future. They want to know how to use alternative forms of energy. They want to improve technology and communications.
Physical Science (Leveled Texts For Science)
by Joshua BishopRoby Jane Weir Elizabeth R. C. Cregan Don Herweck Kyle Shuler Dennis BenjaminUncover how and why things work in our universe with 15 essential scientific concepts that involve topics in states of matter, The Periodic Table, vibrations and chemical reactions. This resource provides suggestions for differentiating instruction to meet the needs to all readers and offers four visually identical texts for each topic, each suited for below, on, and above grade levels, and English language learners. Each high-interest informational text is perfect for close reading or small-group instruction and is complemented with comprehension questions specific to each reading level. This resource is aligned to college and career readiness standards.
Physical Science: The Challenge of Discovery
by Mark A. Carle Mickey Sarquis Louise Mary Nolan"Physical Science: The Challenge of Discovery" contains Introducing Physical Science, Motion, Forces, and Energy, Heat, Electricity and Magnetism, Waves, Sound, and Light, A Close-Up Look at Matter, Chemical Interactions, Chemical Systems, and Energy and Society.
Physical Science
by R. Terrance Egolf Donald CongdonBeginning with an introduction to why we do science, the Physical Science Student Text, 5th ed., gradually builds the student's understanding of physics concepts in a logical sequence. Beginning with classical mechanics, the text progresses through work and energy, wave phenomena, electricity and magnetism, and light and optics. These transition naturally into the chemistry topics, beginning with the atomic model, then to elements and compounds, chemical reactions, and finishing with solutions, and acids, basis, and salts. Every chapter shows by example why the subject matter is relevant to a Christian worldview of science.