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Pieza a pieza: La historia del chico que se construyó a sí mismo
by David AguilarNo te pierdas la increíble historia de superación de David Aguilar, Hand Solo en redes. «Muchas veces me preguntan qué se siente cuando te falta medio brazo. Y, la verdad... no lo sé. ¿Qué sentís cuando os falta un dedo? Contadlos por mí, ¿vale? Dejad de leer y contad los dedos que tenéis. «Uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, ¡diez! ¿Qué sentís cuando os falta el onceavo dedo? No lo sabéis; yo tampoco. Lo que sé es que no os falta nada; os sobra. Os sobran posibilidades.» En este libro, David Aguilar narra, con una voz fresca y cercana, cómo construyó su primer brazo de Lego y otras muchas historias con las que enseñarnos la lección más importante que ha aprendido: no hay mejor prótesis que el amor. Sobre los autores...DAVID Y FERRAN AGUILAR David nació con el síndrome de Poland. Sus padres, Ferran y Nathalie, así como su hermana Naia, lo han acompañado en todos sus proyectos. Con tan solo nueve años construyó su primera prótesis y desde entonces no ha parado de crear y evolucionar.Ferran, por su parte, no ha escatimado esfuerzo en dar a conocer la historia de su hijo, con la seguridad de que, algún día, inspiraría al mundo entero. Esta familia andorrana se ha convertido recientemente también en protagonista de un documental, Mr. Hand Solo, en el que comparten su historia de superación. Pieza a pieza supone la última muestra de su empeño en participar en un sinfín de proyectos solidarios con los que luchar contra el estigma de la discapacidad y el bullying.
Piezo-Active Composites: Microgeometry–Sensitivity Relations (Springer Series in Materials Science #271)
by Vitaly Yu. Topolov Christopher R. Bowen Paolo BisegnaThis book is devoted to the systematic description of the role of microgeometry of modern piezo-active composites in the formation of their piezoelectric sensitivity. In five chapters, the authors analyse kinds of piezoelectric sensitivity for piezo-active composites with specific connectivity patterns and links between the microgeometric feature and piezoelectric response. The role of components and microgeometric factors is discussed in the context of the piezoelectric properties and their anisotropy in the composites. Interrelations between different types of the piezoelectric coefficients are highlighted. This book fills a gap in piezoelectric materials science and provides readers with data on the piezoelectric performance of novel composite materials that are suitable for sensor, transducer, hydroacoustic, energy-harvesting, and other applications.
Piezoelectric Actuators and Generators for Energy Harvesting: Research And Development (Innovation And Discovery In Russian Science And Engineering Ser.)
by Sergey N. Shevtsov Arkady N. Soloviev Ivan A. Parinov Alexander V. Cherpakov Valery A. ChebanenkoThis book presents new approaches to R&D of piezoelectric actuators and generators of different types based on established, original constructions and contemporary research into framework of theoretical, experimental, and numerical methods of physics, mechanics, and materials science. Improved technical solutions incorporated into the devices demonstrate high output values of voltage and power, allowing application of the goods in various areas of energy harvesting. The book is divided into seven chapters, each presenting main results of the chapter, along with a brief exposition of novel findings from around the world proving context for the author’s results. It presents particular results of the Soviet and Russian schools of Mechanics and Material Sciences not previously available outside of Russia.
Piezoelectric Sensors (Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors #18)
by Peter LieberzeitThis book provides a comprehensive overview of piezoelectric sensor devices and instrumentation and their use for chemical and biochemical analysis. Sensors relying on established transducers, such as the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and the surface acoustic wave resonator (SAW) are covered, and novel devices like surface transverse wave (STW) resonators, film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR) as well as non-piezoelectric devices with mass-sensitive properties are presented. As their name implies, such devices respond directly to mass changes on their surfaces and thus address the most fundamental quality of any analytes. First, the book presents the fundamentals of new measuring strategies with these devices. Then, it introduces a variety of chemo- and biosensing application scenarios of these devices. In addition, the book covers both the state-of-the-art of academic research and prospects concerning the commercialization of these sensors. Given its scope, the book is of interest to academics, specialists in industry, and advanced students in the areas of analytical chemistry, rapid analysis, and sensor technology, giving them the unique possibility to familiarize themselves with this chemical sensing strategy. Readers will benefit from the coverage of both cutting-edge research results and applications that help bridge the gap between academia and industry.
Piezoresistive Effect of p-Type Single Crystalline 3C-SiC
by Hoang-Phuong PhanThis book addresses the piezoresistance in p-type 3C-SiC, which it investigates using experimental characterization and theoretical analysis. The gauge factor, the piezoresistive coefficients in two-terminal and four-terminal resistors, the comparison between single crystalline and nanocrystalline SiC, along with the temperature dependence of the piezoresistive effect in p-type 3C-SiC are also discussed. Silicon carbide (SiC) is an excellent material for electronic devices operating at high temperatures, thanks to its large energy band gap, superior mechanical properties and extreme chemical inertness. Among the numerous polytypes of SiC, the cubic single crystal, which is also well known as 3C-SiC, is the most promising platform for microelectromechanical (MEMS) applications, as it can be epitaxially grown on an Si substrate with diameters of up to several hundred millimeters. This feature makes 3C-SiC compatible with the conventional Si-based micro/nano processing and also cuts down the cost of SiC wafers. The investigation into the piezoresistive effect in 3C-SiC is of significant interest for the development of mechanical transducers such as pressure sensors and strain sensors used for controlling combustion and deep well drilling. Although a number of studies have focused on the piezoresistive effect in n-type 3C-SiC, 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC, comparatively little attention has been paid to piezoresistance in p-type 3C-SiC. In addition, the book investigates the piezoresistive effect of top-down fabricated SiC nanowires, revealing a high degree of sensitivity in nanowires employing an innovative nano strain-amplifier. The large gauge factors of the p-type 3C-SiC at both room temperature and high temperatures found here indicate that this polytype could be suitable for the development of mechanical sensing devices operating in harsh environments with high temperatures.
Piezoresistor Design and Applications
by Joseph C. Doll Beth L. PruittPiezoresistor Design and Applications provides an overview of these MEMS devices and related physics. The text demonstrates how MEMS allows miniaturization and integration of sensing as well as efficient packaging and signal conditioning. This text for engineers working in MEMS design describes the piezoresistive phenomenon and optimization in several applications. Includes detailed discussion of such topics as; coupled models of mechanics, materials and electronic behavior in a variety of common geometric implementations including strain gages, beam bending, and membrane loading. The text concludes with an up-to-date discussion of the need for integrated MEMS design and opportunities to leverage new materials, processes and MEMS technology. Piezoresistor Design and Applications is an ideal book for design engineers, process engineers and researchers.
Piezotronics and Piezo-Phototronics
by Zhong Lin WangThe fundamental principle of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics were introduced by Wang in 2007 and 2010, respectively. Due to the polarization of ions in a crystal that has non-central symmetry in materials, such as the wurtzite structured ZnO, GaN and InN, a piezoelectric potential (piezopotential) is created in the crystal by applying a stress. Owing to the simultaneous possession of piezoelectricity and semiconductor properties, the piezopotential created in the crystal has a strong effect on the carrier transport at the interface/junction. Piezotronics is for devices fabricated using the piezopotential as a "gate" voltage to control charge carrier transport at a contact or junction. The piezo-phototronic effect uses the piezopotential to control the carrier generation, transport, separation and/or recombination for improving the performance of optoelectronic devices, such as photon detector, solar cell and LED. The functionality offered by piezotroics and piezo-phototronics are complimentary to CMOS technology. There is an effective integration of piezotronic and piezo-phototronic devices with silicon based CMOS technology. Unique applications can be found in areas such as human-computer interfacing, sensing and actuating in nanorobotics, smart and personalized electronic signatures, smart MEMS/NEMS, nanorobotics and energy sciences. This book introduces the fundamentals of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics and advanced applications. It gives guidance to researchers, engineers and graduate students.
Piezotronics and Piezo-Phototronics: Applications to Third-Generation Semiconductors (Microtechnology and MEMS)
by Zhong Lin Wang Yan Zhang Weiguo HuCo-authored by the discoverer of the piezotronic effect, this book is a fundamental and comprehensive survey of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics. Piezotronics is a term broadly applied to devices fabricated using the piezopotential as a “gate” voltage to tune/control charge carrier transport at a contact or junction. The piezo-phototronic effect describes the use of the piezopotential to control the carrier generation, transport, separation and/or recombination for improving the performance of optoelectronic devices. The book first introduces the theory of the piezotronic effect and its applications in transistors, sensors, and catalysis. Subsequent chapters comprehensively cover the fundamentals of the piezo-phototronic effect and its impacts on photon sensors, solar cells, and LEDs.The updated and significantly expanded second edition covers the most recent advances and breakthroughs in this field over the last decade — gas, chemical, and biological nanosensors; quantum dots, wells, and wires; piezocatalysis; the piezo-photonic effect; and the pyro-phototronic effect. This seminal book serves as a basic text for scientists and students in the field of piezotronic devices and third-generation semiconductors.
The Pig: A Natural History
by Richard LutwycheA comprehensive, richly illustrated introduction to the fascinating natural history of the pig, from prehistory to the present At any given time, there are around one billion pigs in the world; that's one for every seven of us. And where would we be without them? Prolific, ubiquitous, smart, adaptable, and providers of high-quality protein, pigs have been our companions since neolithic times, when they obligingly domesticated themselves, coming in from the wild to root around our waste pits. But it's not all about the bacon; today, bred in micro sizes, the resourceful pig has developed a whole new career as a popular pet. And thanks to genome mapping, we now know that the pig shares many common physiological features with humans, spurring the use of pig tissue and organs in medical research and surgery. Beautifully designed and illustrated, The Pig provides a snout-to-tail natural history of this important species, from the prehistoric "hell pig" to today's placid porker, covering the pig's evolution and domestication, anatomy and biology, behavior, role in human life and culture, and breeds. The book also features an engrossing and visually stunning photographic gallery of some thirty popular breeds from around the world, with essential information about each. Filled with surprising facts and insights, The Pig will delight anyone who loves these animals and wants to understand them better. Provides a comprehensive, richly illustrated introduction to the pig's evolution and domestication, anatomy and biology, behavior, role in human life and culture, and breeds. Features infographics, diagrams, and 250 stunning color photographs. Includes a beautiful photographic directory to some 30 popular breeds from around the world, with essential information about each
Pigeons: The Fascinating Saga of the World's Most Revered and Reviled Bird
by Andrew D. BlechmanFrom the Book Jacket: They have been worshiped as fertility goddesses and revered as symbols of peace. Domesticated since the dawn of man, they have been crucial to wartime communications for every major historical superpower from ancient Egypt to the United States and are credited with saving thousands of lives. One delivered the results of the first Olympics in 119 B.C. and another brought the news of Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo more than 2,500 years later. Charles Darwin relied heavily upon them to help formulate and support his theory of evolution. Yet the pigeon is reviled today as a rat with wings. How did we come to misunderstand one of mankind's most steadfast companions? In Pigeons, Andrew D. Blechman travels across the United States and Europe in a quest to chronicle the bird's transformation from beloved friend to feathered outlaw. From Brooklyn's Main Event, the pigeon world's equivalent of the Kentucky Derby, to the eighty-third Grand National, with its thousands of bizarre and beautiful show pigeons, and from a pigeon shoot where people pay to gun down live birds, to the nation's oldest and biggest squab farm, Blechman takes the reader deep into the weird and wonderful world of pigeon fanaticism. He meets with pigeon fanciers and pigeon haters alike, includingthe Queen of England's Royal Loft Manager and members of the radical "pro-pigeon underground"; chases Mike Tyson, America's most famous pigeon lover; and for the first time tells the remarkable story behind this seemingly unremarkable bird. You'll never look at a pigeon the same way again. ! ANDREW D. BLECHMAN is an award- winning journalist who has worked for the Los Angeles Times and the Des Moines Register. His writing has appeared in numerous publications, including Smithsonian magazine and The New York Times. He currently divides his time between Berkshire County, Massachusetts, and Germany.
Pigeons at War: How Avian Heroes Changed History
by Connie GoldsmithFor more than five thousand years, people all over the world have worked with pigeons to send and receive important messages. These birds carried weather reports in ancient Egypt, letters between Mongolian warriors in the 1200s, news in nineteenth-century Europe, and more. Homing pigeons became especially important during World Wars I and II. From famous pigeons such as Cher Ami and GI Joe to lesser-known birds such as No. 48, these avian heroes were crucial to war communications. They carried messages between officers and soldiers when phone, radio, or telegraph lines were cut or officers needed to send top secret communications, transporting vital information across great distances. Homing pigeons, like human heroes, received awards and medals for their service. In fact, pigeons earned the most medals of any animal for their services during these conflicts. Discover how pigeons were domesticated and trained for use in military conflicts, learn about some of their most daring flights, and explore how pigeons and humans continue to work together.
Pigment Compendium: Optical Microscopy Of Historical Pigments
by Nicholas Eastaugh Valentine Walsh Tracey Chaplin Ruth SiddallThis is an essential purchase for all painting conservators and conservation scientists dealing with paintings and painted objects. It provides the first definitive manual dedicated to optical microscopy of historical pigments. Illustrated throughout with full colour images reproduced to the highest possible quality, this book is based on years of painstaking research into the visual and optical properties of pigments. Now combined with the Pigment Dictionary, the most thorough reference to pigment names and synonyms avaiable, the Pigment Compendium is a major addition to the study and understanding of historic pigments.
Pigments, Extenders, and Particles in Surface Coatings and Plastics: Fundamentals and Applications to Coatings, Plastics and Paper Laminate Formulation
by Frank A. Vanhecke Michael Diebold Steven De Backer Philipp M. Niedenzu Brett R. HesterThis book discusses the diverse array of particles that are found in coatings from both a physical and a performance standpoint. It also describes the fundamentals of particle behavior and shows how these affect the performance and properties of their end-use applications. It consists of nineteen chapters, demonstrating the wide range of types of particles found in coatings as well as the diversity of the important attributes they hold. The authors also present a forward looking view of current issues and trends in the coatings industry. In addition, a chapter on the use of particles in paper laminate, a closely aligned field, is included. This book is of interest to formulators of any type of coatings as well as researchers in aligned fields that use high volumes of small particles, such as the plastics and paper industries.
Pigments from Microalgae Handbook
by Eduardo Jacob-Lopes Maria Isabel Queiroz Leila Queiroz ZepkaThe Pigments from Microalgae Handbook presents the current state of knowledge on pigment production using microalgae-based processes, and covers both the scientific fundamentals of this technology and its practical applications. It addresses biology, chemistry, biochemistry, analysis and engineering aspects, as well as applications of natural pigments in photosynthetic organisms. The book also describes the analytical procedures associated with the characterization of pigments and the engineering aspects of microalgal pigment production. It considers the three major classes of pigments(chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins) produced and surveys the main commercial applications of these chemicals.The book offers a valuable source of information for industrial researchers and practitioners in industrial biotechnology, as it covers various engineering aspects of microalgal pigment production, such as bioreactors and bioprocesses, industrial extraction processes, and the bioeconomy of production including life-cycle assessment. The book will also be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students of biochemistry, food chemistry, and industrial microbiology.
Pigments in Fruits and Vegetables
by Chunxian ChenThis comprehensive treatise provides a systemic and insightful overview of current advances in the biosynthetic genomics/genetics and preventive dietetics of carotenoids, flavonoids and betalains, from a general perspective, and in specific fruits and vegetables as well. Genomics/genetics focuses on what and how enzymatic and regulatory genes are involved in pigment biosynthesis. Dietetics emphasizes how these pigments contribute nutritional/medical benefits to health, prevent diseases, and act as potential nutraceuticals in the diet. The goal is to provide research scientists, nutrition specialists, healthy food advocates, students, and rainbow food (fruit and vegetable) lovers with an integrated resource on the biosynthetic and dietetic mechanisms of these pigments.
Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns
by Hisashi Hashimoto Makoto Goda Ryo Futahashi Robert Kelsh Toyoko AkiyamaThis book comprehensively summarizes the biological mechanisms of coloration and pattern formation of animals at molecular and cellular level, offering up-to-date knowledge derived from remarkable progress in the last 10 years. The brilliant coloration, conspicuous patterns and spectacular color changes displayed by some vertebrates and invertebrates are generally their strategies of the utmost importance for survival. Consists of mainly three parts, starts with introductory chapter, such as Pigments and Pigment Organelles, Developmental Genetics of Pigment Cell Formation, Adult Pigment Patterns, and Color Changes, this book introduces new pigment compounds in addition to classically known pigments and organelles, explains how the generation of multiple types of pigment cell is genetically controlled, describes the mechanisms underlying the zebrafish stripe formation as well as other animals and also summarizes the mechanism of physiological and morphological color changes of teleost, amphibian and cephalopod. Written by experts in the field, this book will be essential reading for graduate students and researchers in biological fields who are interested in pigmentation mechanisms of animals.
Pilates (DK Science of)
by Tracy WardAplica la ciencia a tu práctica de pilates con más de 50 ejercicios para ganar confianza y controlar tus movimientos.¿Sabías que practicar pilates no solo ayuda a mejorar la flexibilidad y tonificar el cuerpo sino que además reduce los niveles de ansiedad y mejora la postura corporal? Descubre toda la información sobre seta disciplina y aprende a ejercitarte correctamente con explicaciones y consejos avalados por la ciencia.En las páginas de este libro de pilates, encontrarás:Ilustraciones anatómicas que muestran la mecánica y la fisiología de los ejercicios de forma clara y visual.Explicaciones paso a paso de cada ejercicio, la postura correcta del cuerpo y los músculos involucrados.Códigos de colores que resaltan cómo se activan, estiran y relajan los músculos, ligamentos y articulaciones para realizar cada ejercicio de manera correcta.Programas de ejercicios por objetivos, con variaciones y modificaciones para que personas de todos los niveles y condiciones físicas puedan practicarlos de manera segura y eficaz.Formato de preguntas y respuestas.Sugerencias de desafíos con un aumento progresivo semanal o mensual.Pilates es una guía de acondicionamiento físico accesible, entretenida y fácil de leer para aquellos que buscan saber la realidad detrás de las modas pseudocientíficas. Te ayudará a identificar los ejercicios que se adaptan mejor a tus necesidades y a aprender los principios básicos del método de Joseph Pilates. ¡Trabaja tu cuerpo, tu mente y tu respiración con confianza!------------------------------Explore the science behind over 50 pilates exercises to master each movement with confidence and control. Did you know that performing pilates can strengthen your core, improve flexibility and posture, and help to reduce stress and anxiety at the same time? Backed by scientific research, learn how Pilates exercises benefit every system in the body. Science of Pilates reveals the facts with annotated artworks that show the mechanics, the angles, how your blood flow and respiration are affected, the key muscle and joint actions working below the surface of each exercise, safe alignment, and much more!Go on a journey of self-discovery to explore: Artworks detail the mechanics of each exercise, correct body posture, the muscles involved and how they engage to perform movements. Illustrations featuring color-coding to highlight how the muscles, ligaments, and joints engage, stretch, and relax to perform each exercise. Pilates programs tailored to different abilities and aims.Suggested practices with a progressive increase in challenge over weeks and months.Set out to unearth the facts behind the pseudo-science fads, The Science of Pilates is an approachable, entertaining and easy-to read fitness guide for those seeking self-development backed up by solid scientific evidence. The popular question and answer format brings immediacy to the information provided, and the highly visually illustrations truly bring the science to life in a contemporary and accessible way.
Pilauco: Osorno, Northwestern Patagonia and Chile (The Latin American Studies Book Series)
by Mario Pino Giselle A. AstorgaThis volume combines 10 years of accomplished research at the Pilauco site. The studies are focused on a variety of scientific areas including geological, sedimentological, geomorphological and paleobotanical topics, as well as paleontology of vertebrata and invertebrata, micropaleontology, archaeology, biochemistry, taxonomy, taphonomy, astrophysics and the development of some particular touristic aspects. In 18 chapters a variety of authors describe the excavation and investigation of this unique location. The book presents Pilauco as an example for the natural laboratory which can be found in South America, a testing ground for many of the hypotheses regarding migrations of animals and humans. In this context the study of topics, such as the paleozoography, the role of megafauna species for the architecture of the forests, the animal extinctions or the early human settlements, is extremely important on a global scale. The Pilauco site features paleontological and archaeological evidences and is contemporaneous with the Monte Verde site (~ 15,000 cal. yr AP). It is located 100 km north from Monte Verde and lies within the Intermediate Depression in northwestern Chilean Patagonia. It was discovered by chance in 1986 and has been excavated and investigated since 2007.
Pilgrimage to the National Parks: Religion and Nature in the United States (Routledge Studies in Pilgrimage, Religious Travel and Tourism)
by Lynn Ross-BryantNational Parks – ‘America’s Best Idea’ – were from the first seen as sacred sites embodying the God-given specialness of American people and American land, and from the first they were also marked as tourist attractions. The inherent tensions between these two realities ensured the parks would be stages where the country’s conflicting values would be performed and contested. As pilgrimage sites embody the values and beliefs of those who are drawn to them, so Americans could travel to these sacred places to honor, experience, and be restored by the powers that had created the American land and the American enterprise. This book explores the importance of the discourse of nature in American culture, arguing that the attributes and symbolic power that had first been associated with the ‘new world’ and then the ‘frontier’ were embodied in the National Parks. Author Ross-Bryant focuses on National Parks as pilgrimage sites around which a discourse of nature developed and argues the centrality of religion in understanding the dynamics of both the language and the ritual manifestations related to National Parks. Beyond the specific contribution to a richer analysis of the National Parks and their role in understanding nature and religion in the U.S., this volume contributes to the emerging field of ‘religion and the environment,’ larger issues in the study of religion (e.g. cultural events and the spatial element in meaning-making), and the study of non-institutional religion.
Pilgrims of the Air: The Passing of the Passenger Pigeons
by John Wilson FosterThis is a story of a scarcely credible abundance, of flocks of birds so vast they made the sky invisible. It is also a story of a collapse into extinction so startling as to provoke a mystery. In the fate of the North American passenger pigeon we can read much of the story of wild America—the astonishment that accompanied its discovery, the allure of its natural “productions” the ruthless exploitation of its “commodities” and the ultimate betrayal of its peculiar genius. And in the bird’s fate can be read, too, the essential vulnerability of species, the unpredictable passage of life itself.
Pill Bugs
by Patricia TohtHave you ever seen a pill bug? You might have seen one without realizing it. Pill bugs are good at hiding.
Pill City: How Two Honor Roll Students Foiled the Feds and Built a Drug Empire
by Kevin DeutschIn 2015, Baltimore plunged into the worst American riots in recent history. In the chaos, two high school honor-roll students, “Brick” and “Wax, used their smarts, computer skills, ambition and gang connections to change the world of illegal drugs forever. With their gang associates, they looted pharmacies and robbed dealers, stealing over one million doses of prescription narcotics and heroin with a street value of more than $100 million.“Brick” and “Wax” were not going to sell drugs on corners; they used location-based technology and encrypted messaging software to dispatch ordered drugs via delivery drivers—an Uber-like service that eliminated street deals and easily tapped phones. They were soon supplying cities along the East Coast, creating a whole new class of opioid addicts with the FBI and DEA trailing in their wake. To ensure their supply of drugs did not run out, the teens formed an alliance with members of the Sinaloa cartel, headed by El Chapo.Veteran Newsday crime reporter Kevin Deutsch has been reporting on the ground in drug-ravaged neighborhoods for over a year. He’s seen the bodies. Across America, thousands are dying from opioid overdoses. This middle-class crisis has been well documented, but the inner cities, where families are being swallowed up by addiction, have been ignored. Deutsch brings us into this underworld, where social unrest and cutting-edge technology allow criminals to seed the next wave of dysfunction and despair.
Pillared Clays and Related Catalysts
by Miguel Angel Vicente Sophia A. Korili Raquel Trujillano Antonio GilSince the first works introducing the aluminum intercalated clay family in the early 1970s, interest in the synthesis of pillared interlayered clays has increased tremendously, especially research into the properties and applications of new synthesis methods. The need for solids that could be used as cracking catalysts with larger pores than zeolitic materials has spurred the synthesis of new porous materials from clays. Pillared Clays and Related Catalysts reviews the properties and applications of pillared clays and other layered materials used as catalysts, focusing on: the acidity of pillared clays and the effect it has on catalytic performance the use of pillared clays as supports for catalytically active phases, and the use of the resulting solids in environmentally friendly reactions the applications of the selective reduction of NOx the comparison between the reactions of pillared clays and anionic clays.
Pillared Metal-Organic Frameworks: Properties and Applications
by Lida Hashemi Ali MorsaliIn the last two decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have provoked considerable interest due to their potential applications in different fields such as catalysis, gas storage and sensing. The most important advantages of MOFs over other porous materials is the ability of tailoring their pore size, functionality and even the topology of the framework by rational selection of the molecular building blocks. Therefore, many chemists have tried to engineer the structure of MOFs to achieve specific functions. Pillared metal organic frameworks are a class of MOFs composed of inorganic secondary building units (SBUs) and two sets of organic linkers, generally oxygen- and nitrogen-donor ligands. Typically, in the structure of pillared MOFs, the oxygen-donor struts link the metal clusters into a two-dimensional (2D) sheet and the N-donor struts pillar the sheets to generate a three-dimensional (3D) framework. Thus, the construction of MOFs by utilizing two sets of organic linkers could provide an extra possibility for further tuning of MOF’s pore walls. A variety of functional groups including imine, amide and heterocycles were successfully incorporated into bidentate pillar ligand skeleton. Interestingly, by using pillaring linkers with different length, a wide diversity of metal-organic frameworks with tunable pore dimensions and topologies can be obtained. In this book, we introduce pillared metal organic frameworks with their properties and applications.
The Pillars of Creation
by Martin BeechThis book explores the mechanics of star formation, the process by which matter pulls together and creates new structures. Written for science enthusiasts, the author presents an accessible explanation of how stars are born from the interstellar medium and giant molecular clouds. Stars produce the chemicals that lead to life, and it is they that have enabled the conditions for planets to form and life to emerge. Although the Big Bang provided the spark of initiation, the primordial universe that it sired was born hopelessly sterile. It is only through the continued recycling of the interstellar medium, star formation, and stellar evolution that the universe has been animated beyond a chaotic mess of elementary atomic particles, radiation, dark matter, dark energy, and expanding spacetime. Using the Milky Way and the Eagle Nebula in particular as case studies, Beech follows every step of this amazing process.