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The Principles of Quantum Theory, From Planck's Quanta to the Higgs Boson
by Arkady PlotnitskyThe book considers foundational thinking in quantum theory, focusing on the role the fundamental principles and principle thinking there, including thinking that leads to the invention of new principles, which is, the book contends, one of the ultimate achievements of theoretical thinking in physics and beyond. The focus on principles, prominent during the rise and in the immediate aftermath of quantum theory, has been uncommon in more recent discussions and debates concerning it. The book argues, however, that exploring the fundamental principles and principle thinking is exceptionally helpful in addressing the key issues at stake in quantum foundations and the seemingly interminable debates concerning them. Principle thinking led to major breakthroughs throughout the history of quantum theory, beginning with the old quantum theory and quantum mechanics, the first definitive quantum theory, which it remains within its proper (nonrelativistic) scope. It has, the book also argues, been equally important in quantum field theory, which has been the frontier of quantum theory for quite a while now, and more recently, in quantum information theory, where principle thinking was given new prominence. The approach allows the book to develop a new understanding of both the history and philosophy of quantum theory, from Planck's quantum to the Higgs boson, and beyond, and of the thinking the key founding figures, such as Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg, Schr#65533;dinger, and Dirac, as well as some among more recent theorists. The book also extensively considers the nature of quantum probability, and contains a new interpretation of quantum mechanics, "the statistical Copenhagen interpretation. " Overall, the book's argument is guided by what Heisenberg called "the spirit of Copenhagen," which is defined by three great divorces from the preceding foundational thinking in physics--reality from realism, probability from causality, and locality from relativity--and defined the fundamental principles of quantum theory accordingly.
Principles of Research Methodology and Ethics in Pharmaceutical Sciences: An Application Guide for Students and Researchers (ISSN)
by Vikas Anand Saharan Hitesh Kulhari Hemant JadhavPharmaceutical researchers are constantly looking for drug products, drug delivery systems and devices for improving the health of society. A scientific and systematic search for new knowledge requires a thorough understanding of research methods and hypothesis design. This volume presents pharmaceutical research through theoretical concepts, methodologies and ethical issues. It fulfils publication ethics course work requirements for students. Chapters have been designed to cater for the curriculum requirements of universities globally. This serves as a guide on how to apply concepts in designing experiments and transforming laboratory research into actual practice.Features: · Complete coverage of research methodology courses for graduate and postgraduate students globally.· Step-by-step assistance in writing technical reports, projects, protocols, theses and dissertations.· Experimental designing in pharmaceutical formulation development and preclinical research designs.· Ethics in using animals in preclinical research and humans in clinical research.· Publication ethics, best practices and guidelines for ensuring ethical writing.· Hypothetical and real-world case studies on ethical issues and measures for prevention and control.
Principles of Scattering and Transport of Light
by Rémi Carminati John C. SchotlandLight scattering is one of the most well-studied phenomena in nature. It occupies a central place in optical physics, and plays a key role in multiple fields of science and engineering. This volume presents a comprehensive introduction to the subject. For the first time, the authors bring together in a self-contained and systematic manner, the physical concepts and mathematical tools that are used in the modern theory of light scattering and transport, presenting them in a clear, accessible style. The power of these tools is demonstrated by a framework that links various aspects of the subject: scattering theory to radiative transport, radiative transport to diffusion, and field correlations to the statistics of speckle patterns. For graduate students and researchers in optical physics and optical engineering, this book is an invaluable resource on the interaction of light with complex media and the theory of light scattering in disordered and complex systems.
The Principles of Scientific Management
by Frederick Winslow TaylorThe basis of modern organization and decision theory, this influential essay has motivated administrators and students of managerial technique for more than 80 years. The author discusses eliminating inefficiency through a system based on principles applicable to individual and collective activities. A ground-breaking, and still-inspiring work.
Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy (Fifth Edition)
by Sam BoggsThis concise treatment of the fundamental principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy highlights the important physical, chemical, biological, and stratigraphic characteristics of sedimentary rocks. It emphasizes the ways in which the study of sedimentary rocks is used to interpret depositional environments, changes in ancient sea level, and other intriguing aspects of Earth's history.
Principles of Seismology
by Agustín Udías Elisa BufornThe second edition of Principles of Seismology has been extensively revised and updated to present a modern approach to observation seismology and the theory behind digital seismograms. It includes: a new chapter on Earthquakes, Earth's structure and dynamics; a considerably revised chapter on instrumentation, with new material on processing of modern digital seismograms and a list of website hosting data and seismological software; and 100 end-of-chapter problems. The fundamental physical concepts on which seismic theory is based are explained in full detail with step-by-step development of the mathematical derivations, demonstrating the relationship between motions recorded in digital seismograms and the mechanics of deformable bodies. With chapter introductions and summaries, numerous examples, newly drafted illustrations and new color figures, and an updated bibliography and reference list, this intermediate-level textbook is designed to help students develop the skills to tackle real research problems.
Principles of Soft-Matter Dynamics
by Rainer KimmichPractical applications of soft-matter dynamics are of vital importance in material science, chemical engineering, biophysics and biotechnology, food processing, plastic industry, micro- and nano-system technology, and other technologies based on non-crystalline and non-glassy materials. Principles of Soft-Matter Dynamics. Basic Theories, Non-invasive Methods, Mesoscopic Aspects covers fundamental dynamic phenomena such as diffusion, relaxation, fluid dynamics, normal modes, order fluctuations, adsorption and wetting processes. It also elucidates the applications of the principles and of the methods referring to polymers, liquid crystals and other mesophases, membranes, amphiphilic systems, networks, and porous media including multiphase and multi-component materials, colloids, fine-particles, and emulsions. The book presents all formalisms, examines the basic concepts needed for applications of soft-matter science, and reviews non-invasive experimental techniques such as the multi-faceted realm of NMR methods, neutron and light quasi-elastic scattering, mechanical relaxation and dielectric broadband spectroscopy which are treated and compared on a common and consistent foundation. The standard concepts of dynamics in fluids, polymers, liquid crystals, colloids and adsorbates are comprehensively derived in a step-by-step manner. Principles and analogies common to diverse application fields are elucidated and theoretical and experimental aspects are supplemented by computational-physics considerations. Principles of Soft-Matter Dynamics. Basic Theories, Non-invasive Methods, Mesoscopic Aspects appeals to graduate and PhD students, post-docs, researchers, and industrial scientists alike.
Principles of Solar Engineering
by D. Yogi GoswamiPrinciples of Solar Engineering, Fourth Edition addresses the need for solar resource assessment and highlights improvements and advancements involving photovoltaics and solar thermal technologies, grid power, and energy storage. With updates made to every chapter, this edition discusses new technologies in photovoltaics, such as organic, dye-sensitized, and perovskite solar cells, and the design of solar systems and power plants. It also features battery energy storage for distributed and bulk storage and electrical integration with the main solar systems. In addition, the book includes the latest advancements in concentrating solar power plants, such as supercritical CO2 cycle. Readers will benefit from discussions of the economics of the solar energy systems, which apply to all the systems covered in the subsequent chapters. Features: Discusses new forecasting models in solar radiation that are important to the economics and bankability of large solar energy systems, such as power plants. Includes expanded coverage of high temperature thermal storage for Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP), including thermal energy transport using heat exchangers. Features a new chapter on solar seawater desalination. Includes new and additional end-of-chapter example problems and exercises. A Solutions Manual will be available for instructors. The book is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate engineering students taking Energy Engineering and Solar Energy courses.
Principles of Solar Gas Turbines for Electricity Generation (Green Energy and Technology)
by Amos MadhlopaThis is the first book dedicated to solar gas turbines, providing fundamental knowledge and state-of-the-art developments in the field. A gas turbine is a heat engine in which a mixture of fuel and air is burned in a chamber that is an integral part of the flow circuit of the working fluid. The burnt gas mixture expands and turns the turbine, which can be connected to a generator for electricity production. Solar gas turbines offer an important alternative to conventional gas turbines driven by non-renewable, polluting fossil fuels such as diesel or natural gas. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the topic as well as numerous illustrations.
Principles of Solid Mechanics (Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Series)
by Jr., Rowland RichardsEvolving from more than 30 years of research and teaching experience, Principles of Solid Mechanics offers an in-depth treatment of the application of the full-range theory of deformable solids for analysis and design. Unlike other texts, it is not either a civil or mechanical engineering text, but both. It treats not only analysis but incorporates
Principles of Soundscape Ecology: Discovering Our Sonic World
by Bryan C. PijanowskiFrom a founding figure in the field, the definitive introduction to an exciting new science. What do the sounds of a chorus of tropical birds and frogs, a clap of thunder, and a cacophony of urban traffic have in common? They are all components of a soundscape, acoustic environments that have been identified by scientists as a combination of the biophony, geophony, and anthrophony, respectively, of all of Earth’s sound sources. As sound is a ubiquitous occurrence in nature, it is actively sensed by most animals and is an important way for them to understand how their environment is changing. For humans, environmental sound is a major factor in creating a psychological sense of place, and many forms of sonic expression by people embed knowledge and culture. In this book, soundscape ecology pioneer Bryan C. Pijanowski presents the definitive text for both students and practitioners who are seeking to engage with this thrilling new field. Principles of Soundscape Ecology clearly outlines soundscape ecology’s critical foundations, key concepts, methods, and applications. Fundamentals include concise and valuable descriptions of the physics of sound as well as a thorough elucidation of all sounds that occur on Earth. Pijanowski also presents a rich overview of the ecological, sociocultural, and technical theories that support this new science, illustrating the breadth of this amazingly transdisciplinary field. In methods, he describes the principles of data mining, signal processing, and mixed methods approaches used to study soundscapes in ecological, social, or socio-ecological contexts. The final section focuses on terrestrial, aquatic, urban, and music applications, demonstrating soundscape ecology’s utility in nearly all spaces.
Principles of Space Anthropology: Establishing a Science of Human Space Settlement (Space and Society)
by Cameron M. SmithThis book shows how anthropology can provide an innovative perspective on the human movement into space. It examines adaptation to space on timescales of generations, rather than merely months or years, and uses evolutionary adaptation as a guiding theme. Employing the lessons of evolutionary adaptation, Principles of Extraterrestrial Anthropology recommends evolutionarily-sound strategies of space settlement, covering genetics at the organismal and population levels. The author organizes the concept of cultural adaptation to environments beyond Earth according to observed patterns in human adaptation on Earth. He uses original artwork and tables to help convey complex information in a form accessible to undergraduate and graduate students. Though primarily written to engage students interested in space settlement and exploration, who will eventually build a full anthropology of space settlement, Principles of Extraterrestrial Anthropology is engaging to anthropologists across sub-disciplines, as well as scholars interested in the human dimensions of space exploration and settlement. Just as the term exobiology was invented only a few decades ago to shape the field of space life studies, exoanthropology is outlined to assist in the perpetuation of Earth life through human space settlement.
Principles of Star Formation
by Peter BodenheimerUnderstanding star formation is one of the key fields in present-day astrophysics. This book treats a wide variety of the physical processes involved, as well as the main observational discoveries, with key points being discussed in detail. The current star formation in our galaxy is emphasized, because the most detailed observations are available for this case. The book presents a comparison of the various scenarios for star formation, discusses the basic physics underlying each one, and follows in detail the history of a star from its initial state in the interstellar gas to its becoming a condensed object in equilibrium. Both theoretical and observational evidence to support the validity of the general evolutionary path are presented, and methods for comparing the two are emphasized. The author is a recognized expert in calculations of the evolution of protostars, the structure and evolution of disks, and stellar evolution in general. This book will be of value to graduate students in astronomy and astrophysics as well as to active researchers in the field.
Principles of Star Formation (Astronomy and Astrophysics Library)
by Peter BodenheimerUnderstanding star formation is one of the key fields in present-day astrophysics. This book treats a wide variety of the physical processes involved, as well as the main observational discoveries, with key points being discussed in detail. The current star formation in our galaxy is emphasized, because the most detailed observations are available for this case. The book presents a comparison of the various scenarios for star formation, discusses the basic physics underlying each one, and follows in detail the history of a star from its initial state in the interstellar gas to its becoming a condensed object in equilibrium. Both theoretical and observational evidence to support the validity of the general evolutionary path are presented, and methods for comparing the two are emphasized. The author is a recognized expert in calculations of the evolution of protostars, the structure and evolution of disks, and stellar evolution in general. This book will be of value to graduate students in astronomy and astrophysics as well as to active researchers in the field.
Principles of Statistical Genomics
by Shizhong XuStatistical genomics is a rapidly developing field, with more and more people involved in this area. However, a lack of synthetic reference books and textbooks in statistical genomics has become a major hurdle on the development of the field. Although many books have been published recently in bioinformatics, most of them emphasize DNA sequence analysis under a deterministic approach. Principles of Statistical Genomics synthesizes the state-of-the-art statistical methodologies (stochastic approaches) applied to genome study. It facilitates understanding of the statistical models and methods behind the major bioinformatics software packages, which will help researchers choose the optimal algorithm to analyze their data and better interpret the results of their analyses. Understanding existing statistical models and algorithms assists researchers to develop improved statistical methods to extract maximum information from their data. Resourceful and easy to use, Principles of Statistical Genomics is a comprehensive reference for researchers and graduate students studying statistical genomics.
Principles of Stellar Interferometry
by Andreas GlindemannThe imaging process in stellar interferometers is explained starting from first principles on wave propagation and diffraction. Wave propagation through turbulence is described in detail using Kolmogorov statistics. The impact of turbulence on the imaging process is discussed both for single telescopes and for interferometers. Correction methods (adaptive optics and fringe tracking) are presented including wavefront sensing/fringe sensing methods and closed loop operation. Instrumental techniques like beam combination and visibility measurements (modulus and phase) as well as Nulling and heterodyne interferometry are described. The book closes with examples of observing programmes linking the theory with individual astrophysical programmes.
Principles of Stem Cell Biology and Cancer
by Tarik Regad Robert Rees Thomas Sayersogress that has been made in their identification, as well as future therapeutic applications of stem cells. The second part focuses on cancer stem cells and their role in cancer development, progression and chemo-resistance. This section of the book includes an overview of recent progress concerning therapies targeting cancer stem cells. Features: An authoritative introduction to the link between stem cell biology and cancer. Includes contributions from leading international experts in the field. Well-illustrated with full colour figures throughout. This book will prove an invaluable resource for basic and applied researchers and clinicians working on the development of new cancer treatments and therapies, providing a timely publication of high quality reviews outlining the current progress and exciting future possibilities for stem cell research.
Principles of Stormwater Management
by Roger D. GriffinThis book presents of all aspects of storm water management: the hydrologic cycle, sources of contaminants, standards applicable to discharges, regulatory issues, atmospheric deposition, best management practices, and health/environmental impacts. It includes technical details of the modern treatment of stormwater, the emerging issues of atmospheric deposition, run-on, and snow melt, the Epidemiologic Model, and field data on discharge concentrations of a variety of contaminants. The principles explained in this book will enable students, contractors, developers, and engineers to grasp the most important field elements which must be included for construction projects impacting stormwater.
Principles of Sustainable Soil Management in Agroecosystems (ISSN)
by Rattan Lal B. A. StewartWith the use of high-level soil management technology, Africa could feed several billion people, yet food production has generally stagnated since the 1960s. No matter how powerful the seed technology, the seedling emerging from it can flourish only in a healthy soil. Accordingly, crop yields in Africa, South Asia, and the Caribbean could be double
Principles of Systems Science
by George E. Mobus Michael C. KaltonThis pioneering text provides a comprehensive introduction to systems structure, function, and modeling as applied in all fields of science and engineering. Systems understanding is increasingly recognized as a key to a more holistic education and greater problem solving skills, and is also reflected in the trend toward interdisciplinary approaches to research on complex phenomena. While the concepts and components of systems science will continue to be distributed throughout the various disciplines, undergraduate degree programs in systems science are also being developed, including at the authors' own institutions. However, the subject is approached, systems science as a basis for understanding the components and drivers of phenomena at all scales should be viewed with the same importance as a traditional liberal arts education. Principles of Systems Science contains many graphs, illustrations, side bars, examples, and problems to enhance understanding. From basic principles of organization, complexity, abstract representations, and behavior (dynamics) to deeper aspects such as the relations between information, knowledge, computation, and system control, to higher order aspects such as auto-organization, emergence and evolution, the book provides an integrated perspective on the comprehensive nature of systems. It ends with practical aspects such as systems analysis, computer modeling, and systems engineering that demonstrate how the knowledge of systems can be used to solve problems in the real world. Each chapter is broken into parts beginning with qualitative descriptions that stand alone for students who have taken intermediate algebra. The second part presents quantitative descriptions that are based on pre-calculus and advanced algebra, providing a more formal treatment for students who have the necessary mathematical background. Numerous examples of systems from every realm of life, including the physical and biological sciences, humanities, social sciences, engineering, pre-med and pre-law, are based on the fundamental systems concepts of boundaries, components as subsystems, processes as flows of materials, energy, and messages, work accomplished, functions performed, hierarchical structures, and more. Understanding these basics enables further understanding both of how systems endure and how they may become increasingly complex and exhibit new properties or characteristics. Serves as a textbook for teaching systems fundamentals in any discipline or for use in an introductory course in systems science degree programs Addresses a wide range of audiences with different levels of mathematical sophistication Includes open-ended questions in special boxes intended to stimulate integrated thinking and class discussion Describes numerous examples of systems in science and society Captures the trend towards interdisciplinary research and problem solving
Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology
by Pamela A. Matson Peter M. Vitousek M. C. Chapin F. Stuart Chapin IIIFeatures review questions at the end of each chapter; Includes suggestions for recommended reading; Provides a glossary of ecological terms; Has a wide audience as a textbook for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and as a reference for practicing scientists from a wide array of disciplines
Principles of the Theory of Solids
by J. M. ZimanProfessor Ziman's classic textbook on the theory of solids was first pulished in 1964. This paperback edition is a reprint of the second edition, which was substantially revised and enlarged in 1972. The value and popularity of this textbook is well attested by reviewers' opinions and by the existence of several foreign language editions, including German, Italian, Spanish, Japanese, Polish and Russian. The book gives a clear exposition of the elements of the physics of perfect crystalline solids. In discussing the principles, the author aims to give students an appreciation of the conditions which are necessary for the appearance of the various phenomena. A self-contained mathematical account is given of the simplest model that will demonstrate each principle. A grounding in quantum mechanics and knowledge of elementary facts about solids is assumed. This is therefore a textbook for advanced undergraduates and is also appropriate for graduate courses.
Principles of Thermodynamics
by Jean-Philippe Ansermet Sylvain D. BrechetIn this introductory textbook, thermodynamics is presented as a natural extension of mechanics, so that the laws and concepts learned in mechanics serve to get acquainted with the theory. The foundations of thermodynamics are presented in the first part. The second part covers a wide range of applications, which are of central importance in the fields of physics, chemistry and engineering, including calorimetry, phase transitions, heat engines and chemical reactions. In the third part, devoted to continuous media, Fourier and Fick's laws, diffusion equations and many transport effects are derived using a unified approach. Each chapter concludes with a selection of worked examples and several exercises, to reinforce key concepts under discussion. A full solutions manual is available at the end of the book. It contains more than 150 problems based on contemporary issues faced by scientists and engineers that are solved in detail for undergraduate and graduate students.
Principles of Thermodynamics
by null Myron KaufmanIdeal for one- or two-semester courses that assume elementary knowledge of calculus, This text presents the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics and applies these to problems dealing with properties of materials, phase transformations, chemical reactions, solutions and surfaces. The author utilizes principles of statistical mechanics to illustrat
Principles of Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
by D. F. LawdenA thorough exploration of the universal principles of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, this volume explains the applications of these essential rules to a multitude of situations arising in physics and engineering. It develops their use in a variety of circumstances--including those involving gases, crystals, and magnets--in order to illustrate general methods of analysis and to provide readers with all the necessary background to continue in greater depth with specific topics.Author D. F. Lawden has considerable experience in teaching this subject to university students of varied abilities and backgrounds. Well acquainted with which concepts and arguments sometimes prove problematic, he presents the potentially difficult sections with particular care. Students can supplement their understanding by working through the numerous exercises which appear throughout the text. Mathematical physicists will find this volume of particular value, as will engineers requiring a basic but comprehensive introduction to the principles of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics.