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Recent Advances in Stored Product Protection
by Christos G. Athanassiou Frank H. ArthurThis book aims to assess, evaluate and critically analyze the methods that are currently available for a judicious pest management in durable food. It presents and analyzes a vast amount of methods that are already in use in “real world” industrial applications. After the phase-out of methyl bromide, but also the withdrawal of several insecticides and the continuously updated food safety regulations, there is a significant knowledge gap on the use of risk-reduced, ecologically-compatible control methods that can be used with success against stored-product insect species and related arthropods. The importance of integrated pest management (IPM) is growing, but the concept as practiced for stored products might differ from IPM as historically developed for field crops. This book discusses a wide variety of control strategies used for stored product management and describes some of the IPM components. The editors included chemical and non-chemical methods, as both are essential in IPM. They set the scene for more information regarding emerging issues in stored product protection, such as emerging, alien and invasive species as threats for global food security, as well as the importance of stored-product arthropods for human health. Finally, the analysis of the economics of stored product protection is presented, from theory to practice.
Recent Advances in Structural Engineering, Volume 1: Select Proceedings of SEC 2016 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #11)
by A. Rama Rao K. RamanjaneyuluThis book is a collection of select papers presented at the Tenth Structural Engineering Convention 2016 (SEC-2016). It comprises plenary, invited, and contributory papers covering numerous applications from a wide spectrum of areas related to structural engineering. It presents contributions by academics, researchers, and practicing structural engineers addressing analysis and design of concrete and steel structures, computational structural mechanics, new building materials for sustainable construction, mitigation of structures against natural hazards, structural health monitoring, wind and earthquake engineering, vibration control and smart structures, condition assessment and performance evaluation, repair, rehabilitation and retrofit of structures. Also covering advances in construction techniques/ practices, behavior of structures under blast/impact loading, fatigue and fracture, composite materials and structures, and structures for non-conventional energy (wind and solar), it will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, students and practicing engineers alike.
Recent Advances in Structural Engineering, Volume 2: Select Proceedings of SEC 2016 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #12)
by A. Rama Rao K. RamanjaneyuluThis book is a collection of select papers presented at the Tenth Structural Engineering Convention 2016 (SEC-2016). It comprises plenary, invited, and contributory papers covering numerous applications from a wide spectrum of areas related to structural engineering. It presents contributions by academics, researchers, and practicing structural engineers addressing analysis and design of concrete and steel structures, computational structural mechanics, new building materials for sustainable construction, mitigation of structures against natural hazards, structural health monitoring, wind and earthquake engineering, vibration control and smart structures, condition assessment and performance evaluation, repair, rehabilitation and retrofit of structures. Also covering advances in construction techniques/ practices, behavior of structures under blast/impact loading, fatigue and fracture, composite materials and structures, and structures for non-conventional energy (wind and solar), it will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, students and practicing engineers alike.
Recent Advances in Structural Health Monitoring and Engineering Structures: Select Proceedings of SHM&ES 2023 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #460)
by Amir H. Gandomi Le Thanh Cuong Samir Khatir Laith AbualigahThis book presents the select proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring & Engineering Structures (SHM&ES 2023). It covers the recent advances in the fields related to structural health monitoring, damage detection and assessment, non-destructive testing, inverse problems, optimization, artificial neural networks, and evaluation. This book is useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of health monitoring of engineering structures.
Recent Advances in Sustainable Environment: Select Proceedings of RAiSE 2022 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #285)
by Susheel Kalia Krishna R. Reddy Srinivas Tangellapalli Divya PrakashThe book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Sustainable Environment (RAiSE 2022). It discusses recent challenges and advances in various areas of sustainable environment. The topics covered include environmental dynamics, atmospheric physics, physical oceanography, global environmental change & ecosystems management, climate & climatic changes, global warming, ozone layer depletion, carbon capture & storage, integrated ecosystems management, satellite applications in the environment, environmental restoration & ecological engineering, habitat reconstruction, biodiversity conservation, deforestation, landscape degradation & restoration, ground water remediation, soil decontamination, environmental sustainability, renewable sources of energy, clean technologies, toxicity assessment & epidemiological studies, indoor air pollution, etc. This book will be useful for the researches, academicians, scientists, and professionals working in the various areas of environment sustainability, especially sustainable civil engineering.
Recent Advances in Sustainable Waste Management Practices: Proceedings of SWMP 2023 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #430)
by Amit Kumar Alok Sinha Kunwar D. Yadav Namrata D. JariwalaThis book comprises the select proceedings of the national-level conference on Sustainable Waste Management Practices (SWMP 2023). The content focuses on industrial wastewater treatment, solid and hazardous waste management, municipal/plastic/biomedical/construction and demolition waste management, e-waste management, leachate treatment, case studies on best practices, among others for waste management. This book is of immense interest to researchers in academia and industry working in the fields of environmental and civil engineering.
Recent Advances in Technologies for Inclusive Well-Being: Virtual Patients, Gamification and Simulation (Intelligent Systems Reference Library #196)
by Lakhmi C. Jain Anthony Lewis Brooks Bill Kapralos Jane Tyerman Sheryl Brahman Amy NakajimaIn a time of ongoing pandemic when well-being is a priority this volume presents latest works across disciplines associated to Virtual Patients, Gamification and Simulation. Chapters herein present international perspectives with authors from around the globe contributing to this impactful third edition to the series following a 2014 Springer book on Technologies for Inclusive Well-Being and a 2017 Springer book Recent Advances in Technologies for Inclusive Well-Being. Digital technologies are pervasive in life and the contributions herein focus on specific attributes and situations, especially in training and treatment programmes spanning across ranges of diagnosis, conditions, ages, and targeted impacts. This volume purposefully does not cover all (even if that was possible) aspects on how virtual interactive space can align to statial computing, which in turn can align with related embodied entities (whatever the terms used e.g. Virtual, Augmented, Extended, Mixed Realities) along with AI, Deep Learning etc. It also doesn’t cover what some may refer to as ‘trendy terms’ such as 360 degree, video, WebXR, cryptocurrency, blockchain, virtual goods, AR museums, travel and teleportation…however, what is covered in this book, and the prior volumes it builds upon (as above), is a sharing and questioning of advancing technologies for inclusive well-being through research and practices from an avant-garde perspective.
Recent Advances in Theoretical, Applied, Computational and Experimental Mechanics: Proceedings of ICTACEM 2017 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
by B. N. Singh Arnab Roy Dipak Kumar MaitiThis volume contains selected papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Theoretical, Applied, Computational and Experimental Mechanics. The papers come from diverse disciplines, such as aerospace, civil, mechanical, and reliability engineering, physics, and navel architecture. The contents of this volume focus on different aspects of mechanics, namely, fluid mechanics, solid mechanics, flight mechanics, control, and propulsion. This volume will be of use to researchers interested in the study of mechanics across disciplines.
Recent Advances in Thermal Engineering: Proceedings of ISME 2023 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
by C. V. Chandrashekara N. Rajesh Mathivanan K. Hariharan K. H. JyothiprakashThis book presents the select proceedings of 21st ISME conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering. It covers the latest research and technological advancements in the area of thermal engineering. Various topics covered in this book are multi-phase flow, alternative fuels, fluid mechanics, combustion and IC engines, fluid machinery, heat and mass transfer, refrigeration and air-conditioning, renewable sources of energy, thermal systems simulation, heat exchangers, flow measurements, etc. The book is useful for researchers and professionals working in thermal engineering and allied fields.
Recent Advances in Thermal Sciences and Engineering: Select Proceedings of ICAFFTS 2021 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
by Hemant B. Mehta Manish K. Rathod Rufat Abiev Müslüm ArıcıThis book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Fluid Flow and Thermal Sciences (ICAFFTS 2021) and summarizes the modern research practices in thermal sciences and engineering. The content of book involves advanced topics in heat transfer science, automobile, refrigeration and air conditioning, cryogenics, non-conventional systems and energy storage. Topics on cutting edge research in the area of hybrid nano-PCM-based systems, solar-based applications, bio-diesel and nano additives-based combustion, fuel cell and thermoacoustic engine are also included. In addition, this book contains recent research in the area of two-phase thermal management of Li-Ion/Li-titanium battery and LED systems using heat sink, heat pipe, pulsating heat pipe and thermosyphon with next-generation refrigerants, PCM and nanofluid. Some thermal aspects of virus/aerosol research, advances in volumetric velocimetry and application of artificial intelligence in thermal systems are also covered. This book is a valuable reference for academicians, researchers and professionals working in the various fields of thermal sciences.
Recent Advances in Thermofluids and Manufacturing Engineering: Select Proceedings of ICTMS 2022 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
by Shripad Revankar Debjyoti Sahu Kamalakanta MuduliThis book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Thermofluids and Manufacturing Science (ICTMS 2022). Some of the topics covered include Heat transfer, fluid dynamics, multiphase flow, flow diagnostics using artificial neural network, aerodynamics, high-speed flows, sustainable energy technology, propulsion and emissions, Eco-friendly manufacturing, Coating Techniques and Supply chain management etc. Given the scope, the book will be highly useful for researchers and professionals interested in mechanical, production or aerospace engineering
Recent Advances in Thin Films (Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials)
by Sushil Kumar D. K. AswalThis volume comprises the expert contributions from the invited speakers at the 17th International Conference on Thin Films (ICTF 2017), held at CSIR-NPL, New Delhi, India. Thin film research has become increasingly important over the last few decades owing to the applications in latest technologies and devices. The book focuses on current advances in thin film deposition processes and characterization including thin film measurements. The chapters cover different types of thin films like metal, dielectric, organic and inorganic, and their diverse applications across transistors, resistors, capacitors, memory elements for computers, optical filters and mirrors, sensors, solar cells, LED's, transparent conducting coatings for liquid crystal display, printed circuit board, and automobile headlamp covers. This book can be a useful reference for students, researchers as well as industry professionals by providing an up-to-date knowledge on thin films and coatings.
Recent Advances in Trace Elements
by Katarzyna Chojnacka Agnieszka SaeidComprehensive and multidisciplinary presentation of the current trends in trace elements for human, animals, plants, and the environment This reference provides the latest research into the presence, characterization, and applications of trace elements and their role in humans, animals, and plants as well as their use in developing novel, functional feeds, foods, and fertilizers. It takes an interdisciplinary approach to the subject, describing the biological and industrial applications of trace elements. It covers various topics, such as the occurrence, role, and monitoring of trace elements and their characterization, as well as applications from the preliminary research to laboratory trials. Recent Advances in Trace Elements focuses on the introduction and prospects of trace elements; tackles environmental aspects such as sources of emission, methods of monitoring, and treatment/remediation processes; goes over the biological role of trace elements in plants, animals, and human organisms; and discusses the relevance of biomedical applications and commercialization. A compendium of recent knowledge in interdisciplinary trace element research Uniquely covers production and characterization of trace elements, as well as the industrial and biomedical aspects of their use Paves the way for the development of innovative products in diverse fields, including pharmaceuticals, food, environment, and materials science Edited by well-known experts in the field of trace elements with contributions from international specialists from a wide range of areas Unique in presenting comprehensive and multidisciplinary information of the key aspects of trace elements research in a digestible form, this book is essential reading for the novice and expert in the fields of environmental science, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, materials science, pharmaceutical science, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sciences. It is also valuable for companies that implement new products incorporating trace elements to the market.
Recent Advances in Traffic Engineering: Select Proceedings of RATE 2018 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #69)
by Ashish Verma Shriniwas S. Arkatkar S. VelmuruganThis book comprises select proceedings of the National Conference on Recent Advances in Traffic Engineering (RATE 2018) with technical papers on the themes of traffic operation control and management, traffic safety and vulnerable road users, and sustainable transportation. It covers a wide range of topics, including advanced traffic data collection methods, big data analysis, mix-traffic characterization and modelling, travel time reliability, scenario of pedestrian and non-motorised vehicles (NMVs) traffic, regional traffic growth modelling, and applications of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in traffic management. The contents of this book offer up-to-date and practical knowledge on different aspects of traffic engineering, which is useful for students, researchers as well as practitioners.
Recent Advances in Transthyretin Evolution, Structure and Biological Functions
by Vivian Cody Samantha J. RichardsonThere is a strong interest in transthyretin (TTR) in connection with protein evolution, medical and clinical research. Thus, this is an exciting time for experts in TTR research to come together to write a monograph covering both the basic and the clinical research into TTR. Transthyretin is a protein found in human blood and cerebrospinal fluid. It is directly involved in the transport of thyroid hormones, and indirectly in that of retinol. These hormones are essential for normal growth and development, particularly that of the brain. Spontaneous and inherited diseases affecting transthyretin result in amyloidosis. More than 80 point mutations in transthyretin lead to a variety of illnesses. Liver transplants are the most common treatment, although much research is also being carried out in drug therapies. The evolution of transthyretin has been extensively investigated - from humans to bacteria, invertebrate animals and plants. The structure of the protein has not changed, but its function has changed significantly. This is a most exciting example for the study of the evolution of protein structure-function relationships. This monograph will bring the reader up to date on the latest developments and discoveries.
Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Plant Diseases
by L. P. AwasthiThis book is a compilation of the most challenging and significant chapters on the diagnosis and management of important bacterial, fungal, viral, viroid, phytoplasma, non parasitic diseases and various physiological disorders, in various crops. The chapters have been contributed by eminent plant pathologists, having wide experience of teaching and research on various crops with different types of diseases, which cause great economic losses. The book would be very useful for students, teachers and researchers of plant pathology. This book highlights recent advances made in the development of new types of resistance in host plants and alternative strategies for managing plant diseases to improve food quality and reduce the negative public health impact associated with plant diseases. Having entered into 21st century advancements in the Diagnosis of Plant Pathogens and Plant Disease Management need to be closely examined and adequately applied, so that newer challenges facing plant pathology could be adequately addressed in attaining food security for the growing population. Substantial advancements have been made in terms of expanding knowledge base of the biology of plant-microbial interactions, disease management strategies and application and practice of Plant Pathology. Application of molecular biology in Plant Pathology has greatly improved our ability to detect plant pathogens and in increasing our understanding, their ecology and epidemiology. Similarly, new technologies and resources have been evolved for the development of sustainable crop protection systems by different control strategies against various pests and pathogens that are important components of the integrated pest management programme. Natural products and chemical compounds discovered as a result of basic research and molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis have led to the development of "biorational" pesticides. Biological control has been found to be the most significant approach to plant health management during the twentieth century and promises using modern biotechnology, to be even more significant in the twenty-first century.
Recent Advances in the Science of Cannabis
by Robert M. Strongin, Jiries Meehan-Atrash, and Monica VialpandoRecent Advances in the Science of Cannabis describes progress in a variety of significant areas of cannabis science. This unique book covers topics in cultivation and secondary metabolites, aroma and chemotypes, cannabinoid structures, physiology and pharmacology, as well as the development of unique topical products. State-of-the-art analytical methods and instrumentation are covered, including current developments in mass spectrometry and chromatography, as well as microbial testing. Given the popularity of smoking and vaporizing cannabis, the chemistry of vaping cannabinoid and terpene concentrates is also presented, along with emerging regulatory issues. Key Features: A guide to emerging modern cannabis technology in a dynamic regulatory climate and appealing to both novices and specialists. Building upon pioneering studies of terpene and cannabinoid chemistry, this distinctive volume describes current best practices, technological breakthroughs and historical context. Written by researchers in industry and academia, a greater understanding of the risks of exposure to emissions from vaping or dabbing cannabis concentrates is provided here. A selection of the book content reviewing Thermal Degradation of Cannabinoids and Cannabis Terpenes has been included in “Hot 2021” RSC Advances.
Recent Advances in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
by Hideyuki Ishida Keiji KodaThis book examines the latest indications and techniques for various endoscopic and surgical colorectal cancer treatments, discussing not only on the standard lymph node dissection technique, but also on laparoscopic and robotic surgery. It particularly focuses on the treatment of rectal cancer, with chapters on radiation therapy and sphincter preservation, which is analyzed from Asian perspectives that differ from those of Western treatment. Further, it presents the results of combining chemotherapy and oral drugs, as well as the treatment of hereditary cancer using next-generation sequencing for genetic diagnosis. <P><P>Edited by surgeons who have pioneered the research and treatment of colorectal cancer, Recent Advances in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer presents extensive information for clinicians such as endoscopic surgeons, colorectal surgeons, as well as oncologists and researchers specializing in this field. Providing a foundation for new ideas, it enables advanced surgeons to further develop their skills and offers thought-provoking, instructive and informative reading for residents, students and medical staff.
Recent Advances of the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method: Enhanced Performance and Applicability
by Yuji Mochizuki Shigenori Tanaka Kaori FukuzawaThis book covers recent advances of the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method, consisting of 5 parts and a total of 30 chapters written by FMO experts. The FMO method is a promising way to calculate large-scale molecular systems such as proteins in a quantum mechanical framework. The highly efficient parallelism deserves being considered the principal advantage of FMO calculations. Additionally, the FMO method can be employed as an analysis tool by using the inter-fragment (pairwise) interaction energies, among others, and this feature has been utilized well in biophysical and pharmaceutical chemistry. In recent years, the methodological developments of FMO have been remarkable, and both reliability and applicability have been enhanced, in particular, for non-bio problems. The current trend of the parallel computing facility is of the many-core type, and adaptation to modern computer environments has been explored as well. In this book, a historical review of FMO and comparison to other methods are provided in Part I (two chapters) and major FMO programs (GAMESS-US, ABINIT-MP, PAICS and OpenFMO) are described in Part II (four chapters). dedicated to pharmaceutical activities (twelve chapters). A variety of new applications with methodological breakthroughs are introduced in Part IV (six chapters). Finally, computer and information science-oriented topics including massively parallel computation and machine learning are addressed in Part V (six chapters). Many color figures and illustrations are included. Readers can refer to this book in its entirety as a practical textbook of the FMO method or read only the chapters of greatest interest to them.
Recent Advances on Model Hosts
by Eleftherios Mylonakis Frederick M. Ausubel Arturo Casadevall Michael GilmoreMost studies of bacterial or fungal infectious diseases focus separately on the pathogenic microbe, the host response, or the characterization of therapeutic compounds. Compartmentalization of pathogenesis-related research into an analysis of the "pathogen", the "host," or the "antimicrobial compound" has largely been dictated by the lack of model systems in which all of these approaches can be used simultaneously, as well as by the traditional view that microbiology, immunology, and chemical biology and pharmacology are separate disciplines. An increasing number of workers from different fields have turned to insects, fish, worms and other model hosts as facile, ethically expedient, relatively simple, and inexpensive hosts to model a variety of human infectious diseases and to study host responses and innate immunity. Because many of these hosts are genetically tractable, they can be used in conjunction with an appropriate pathogen to facilitate the discovery of novel features of the host innate immune response.This book provides a series of reports from the 1st International Conference on Model Hosts. This first of its kind meeting focused on invertebrate, vertebrate and amoeboid systems used for the study of host-pathogen interactions, virulence and immunity, as well as on the relevance of these pathogenesis systems and mammalian models. Importantly, a common, fundamental set of molecular mechanisms is employed by a significant number of microbial pathogens against a widely divergent array of metazoan hosts. Moreover, the evolutionarily conserved immune responses of these model hosts have contributed important insights to our understanding of the innate immune response of mammals. This book provides a series of reports from the 1st International Conference on Model Hosts. This first of its kind meeting focused on invertebrate, vertebrate and amoeboid systems used for the study of host-pathogen interactions, virulence and immunity, as well as on the relevance of these pathogenesis systems and mammalian models. Importantly, a common, fundamental set of molecular mechanisms is employed by a significant number of microbial pathogens against a widely divergent array of metazoan hosts. Moreover, the evolutionarily conserved immune responses of these model hosts have contributed important insights to our understanding of the innate immune response of mammals.
Recent Advances on Mycorrhizal Fungi
by Marcela C. PaganoRecent Advances on Mycorrhizal Fungi integrates work done by pre-eminent scientists, academics, and researchers dedicated to the study of mycorrhizas in laboratories around the world. The main aim of this book is to compile the information related to mycorrhizas advancement and their applications. First, an overview of the recent advances in mycorrhizal fungi is fully examined. Then, researchers from different countries address issues related to semiarid, xeric, and agro-ecosystems. A greater understanding of the ecology of this type of fungi will underpin efforts to provide new strategies for agriculture production systems and environmental solutions. Finally, relevant topics such as plant stress and ecological succession with regard to mycorrhizal symbioses are discussed. This book will be useful to those who work with mycorrhizas and important for academic and research teams, as well as to teachers, students, professionals and farmers. This information will be a key foundation to decision-makers worldwide and also for conservationists and ecologists.
Recent Advances on Waterborne Epoxy Coatings: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials)
by Smita Mohanty Sukanya Pradhan Srikanta MoharanaThis book explains the fundamentals of waterborne coatings and current market trends that have an impact on the industry. The recent advancements in the field of waterborne epoxy coatings are thoroughly reviewed in the book. With special focus on the critical elements required to improve the properties of the system by the incorporation of various additives and their applications introduces the reader to the field's advancements while also explaining the applications, procedures, and synthesis and characterization techniques that are illustrated throughout. Insights into current research, trends, and issues are also hinted at. The book can be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in waterborne epoxy coatings and allied fields.
Recent Advances on the Mechanical Behaviour of Materials: Computational Modelling, Theory, and Experiments (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #462)
by Rodrigo Astroza Raj Das Erick I. Saavedra FloresThis book is a collection of papers presented at the 14th International Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Materials (ICM-14) held in Santiago, Chile, July 12–14, 2023. The mechanical properties of materials play a critical role in industrial and economic development. Advances in this field present significant challenges for current researchers in both industry and academia. The topics covered include mechanics of materials at the nano- and macro-scale, including metals, composites, ceramics, computational mechanics, dynamics, material processing, optimization, and biomechanics. The scope of materials of interest includes both industrial materials and those under development or used in specific applications. Some specific subjects include general mechanical behavior and constitutive models, mathematical modeling of materials, nano- and micro-mechanics, plasticity, computational mechanics, computational materials design, optimization of structures and materials, multi-scale modeling, and various specific materials such as biomaterials, high-temperature materials, and composites.
Recent Approaches in Omics for Plant Resilience to Climate Change
by Shabir Hussain WaniThis edited volume summarizes the recent advancements made in plant science including molecular biology and genome editing , particularly in the development of novel pathways tolerant to climate change-induced stresses such as drought, extreme temperatures, cold, salinity, flooding, etc. These stresses are liable for decrease in yields in many crop plants at global level. Till date conventional plant breeding approaches have resulted in significant improvement of crop plants for producing higher yields during adverse climatic conditions. However, the pace of improvement through conventional plant breeding needs to be accelerated in keeping with the growing demand of food and increasing human populationl, particularly in developing world. This book serves as a comprehensive reference material for researchers, teachers, and students involved in climate change-related abiotic stress tolerance studies in plants.
Recent Contributions to Bioinformatics and Biomedical Sciences and Engineering (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #658)
by Krassimir T. Atanassov Janusz Kacprzyk Sotir Sotirov Evdokia Sotirova Tania Pencheva Simeon RibaginThis book presents a collection of high-quality research papers, presented at the Second International Symposium on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BioInfoMed’2022). It offers a comprehensive look into some of the fastest growing fields of science, such as biomedicine, bioinformatics, artificial intelligence, and mathematical modeling. The different chapters of the work include both practical solutions and strictly scientific considerations expanding knowledge about the future bioinformatics and biomedical engineering challenges. We believe that the presented works will have a great impact not only on the development and the application of new methods for modeling, decision making and data mining in healthcare and biomedicine, but also it will provide a source of inspiration for researchers who can implement the proposed methods into their practice and scientific studies.