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Recombinant Ecology - A Hybrid Future?
by Ian D. RotherhamThis is a challenging new approach to understanding ecological systems especially in urban and urbanised areas. Synthesising current ideas and approaches the book develops an historic context to ecological fusion and recombinant or hybrid ecosystems. With massive climate change and other environmental fluxes, this volume provides insight into consequences for future ecologies. Invasive and non-native or alien species are spreading, often aggressively around the globe. However, much current thinking in ecology and nature conservation fails to accommodate the consequences of changing environmental conditions and fusion of both species and ecological communities. Whether or not conservationists accept ecological change, factors such as urbanisation and globalisation combine with climate and other changes to trigger new hybrid communities and ecologies. Embedding this approach into current ecological thinking this book presents an overview of ideas set in the exemplar case study area of the British Isles. However, the approaches, ideas and conclusions presented here will find application in ecosystem studies and in nature conservation around the world.
Recombinant Enzymes - From Basic Science to Commercialization
by Azura AmidThis edited work presents studies that clarify the basics of producing recombinant enzymes that finally lead to commercialization. It enables researchers to see what is crucial to the commercialization process, from examining the cloning method, using analytical techniques such as calculating the total protein content and enzyme activity, through considering upstream and downstream processes, to the final product. Readers will discover the importance of the cloning method as it influences the upstream and downstream processes and determines the level of success of the recombinant enzyme commercialization processes. We see that the two main factors that are particularly sensitive during the cloning process are the vector and the host. A discussion of analytical techniques is presented followed by studies on important stages during the upstream processes including the process of optimizing the media to get results and high enzyme activity. Downstream processes such as the cell disruption technique, purification and formulation of the final product are then considered. The reader is introduced to software that helps streamline recombinant enzyme production from the upstream to downstream processes, to facilitate the process of up-scaling production. This work includes a case study as tool, to guide understanding of the commercialization process. The work is written for researchers in the field and is especially suited to those who are under pressure to embark on the tough process of commercialization.
Recombinant Gene Expression
by Argelia Lorence Paulina BalbasIn this second updated edition, the editors have added critical reviews to a collection of cutting-edge protocols for gene expression in bacteria, fungi, plants, plant cells, animals, and animal cells. The review articles survey new directions in recombinant gene expression research, technique, and application, and point the way to using recombinant gene expression for metabolic engineering and the production of non-protein molecules. The readily reproducible protocols offer new host-vector systems, such as Anarctic bacteria and moderately halophytic bacteria, vectors for chromosomal editing and metabolic engineering, and information to aid in problem solving, strategy planning, and the promotion of protein folding. Recombinant Gene Expression: Reviews and Protocols, Second Edition offers investigators seeking an overview of this critically important field the understanding and the tools needed to begin producing nonprotein products and altering the central metabolic pathways of cells to enhance heterologous gene expression.
Recombinant Gene Expression Protocols
by Rocky S. TuanExpert international research workers offer the most up-to-date and comprehensive collection of techniques available for expressing one or more genes of interest. The authoritative contributors describe in depth the vectors used for expression in bacteria, yeast, viruses, nonmammalian higher eukaryotes, mammals, and plants, as well as in transgenic animals. They also provide invaluable detailed information on how to introduce the recombinant gene construct into the appropriate expression host. When combined with a companion volume by the same editor, Recombinant Proteins: Detection and Isolation Protocols, both volumes guide the research worker through the entire journey of recombinant gene expression.
Recombinant Glycoproteins: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2762)
by Steven B. BradfuteThis detailed volume explores the production and purification of glycoproteins for therapeutic use or basic research, as well as the necessary in-depth understanding of cellular and acellular systems available for these purposes, their advantages and disadvantages, and considerations for choosing the most appropriate system for the desired application. Beginning with chapters on viral-encoded glycoproteins and those found in other pathogens, the book continues by examining the production of mammalian glycoproteins, the analysis of glycoprotein content, cell-free synthesis of glycoproteins and considerations for production and purification of glycoproteins. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to the respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Recombinant Glycoproteins: Methods and Protocols provides a wide range of guidelines for studying these vitally important proteins.
Recombinant Microbes for Industrial and Agricultural Applications
by Yoshikatsu Murooka, Tadayuki lmanakaBridging the gap between laboratory observations and industrial practices, this work presents detailed information on recombinant micro-organisms and their applications in industry and agriculture. All recombinant microbes, bacteria, yeasts and fungi are covered.
Recombinant Poxviruses
by Matthew M. Binns Geoffrey L. SmithRecombinant Poxviruses provides a comprehensive examination of poxviruses with an emphasis on the potential of these viruses as new vaccines. The book considers a wide range of issues involved in producing new genetically engineered live vaccines, such as efficacy, safety, stability, cost, host range, immune response, immunization route, use of multivalent vaccines, and need for revaccination. The opening chapter describes the origin of vaccinia virus, its use to eradicate smallpox, and the pathogenesis of poxvirus infections. Subsequent chapters examine the molecular biology of poxviruses, methods of constructing vaccinia virus recombinants, and applications; the use and immune responses induced by poxvirus recombinants as live vaccines; and the important issues of the safety and immunogenicity of vaccinia virus. The book's final two chapters report the progress that has been made developing avipoxviruses and parapoxviruses as candidate recombinant vaccines.Recombinant Poxviruses will be a welcome addition to the bookshelves of virologists, microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, and veterinarians.
Recombinant Protease Inhibitors in Plants
by Dominique MichaudPocket-sized text provides the procedures for taking accurate vital signs. Provides an historical overview and covers such vital signs as temperature, heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and level of consciousness. For nurses, residents and physicians. Wire-spiral binding.
Recombinant Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1850)
by David L. HackerThis detailed volume explores advances in vector design, DNA delivery, cell cultivation, host cell engineering, and bioprocess optimization within the study of recombinant protein expression in mammalian cells. The majority of the protocols employ either Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) or human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293), the workhorses of the field, as the production host; however, the methods can be adapted to other mammalian hosts under the appropriate cell-specific conditions. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and convenient, Recombinant Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells: Methods and Protocols aims to aid researchers in building on our knowledge of protein structure and function and to speed the discovery of new therapeutic proteins.
Recombinant Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2810)
by David L. HackerThis fully updated volume explores notable developments in the field of mammalian cell-based recombinant protein production. Beginning with methods for transient recombinant protein production, the book continues with methods for stable cell pool generation, protein production using stable clonal cell lines, as well as high-throughput screening technologies for characterizing transient cell surface protein ectodomain expression and for identifying host genes involved in protein production. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Recombinant Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal guide for researchers investigatingprotein structure and function and accelerating the discovery of new therapeutic proteins.
Recombinant Protein Production in Yeast (Methods in Molecular Biology #1923)
by Diethard Mattanovich Brigitte GasserThis volume provides an overview of the main yeast production platforms currently used and future yeast cell factories for recombinant protein production. Chapters detail approaches of genetic and metabolic engineering, co-factor containing proteins and virus-like particles, glycoproteins, and post-translational modifications of proteins. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Recombinant Protein Production in Yeast: Methods and Protocols aims to provide state of the art background and methods for protein producing yeast platforms, as well as case studies for special applications.
Recombinant Protein Protocols
by Rocky S. TuanLeading researchers and experts present wide-ranging methods for detecting and isolating expressed gene products-recombinant proteins. These state-of-the-art techniques describe a large number of molecular tags and labels, including enzymes, ligand-binding moieties, and immunodetectable molecules. There are also methods to detect interactive proteins and gene expression-mediated alterations in cellular activity, as well as chapters on in situ detection of gene expression. When combined with a companion volume by the same editor, Recombinant Gene Expression Protocols, both volumes guide the research worker through the entire journey of recombinant gene expression.
Recombinant Proteins From Plants
by Veronique Gomord Loïc FayeThe past decade has seen the emergence of plants as a viable alternative to the current production systems for therapeutic proteins. In Recombinant Proteins from Plants, expert researchers explore plants and their potential for the production of increasingly safe, high quality and biologically active complex recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. Chapters present several production platforms, focusing on the largest and most important group of biotechnological products in clinical trials: antibodies and their derived fragments with acknowledged potential for immunotherapy in humans. Due to the shortage of step by step protocols that can be used easily by beginners, this volume aims to fill the void with several chapters of detailed instructions for using the main plant expression systems. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Recombinant Proteins from Plants serves as an ideal guide for those new and seasoned plant scientists, pharmaceutical scientists, and molecular and cellular biologists interested in molecular pharming.
Recombinant Proteins from Plants
by Charles Cunningham Andrew J. PorterThis authoritative collection of basic and advanced protocols permits biotechnologists to use plants rather than single cell fermentation systems for expressing recombinant proteins. The protocols provide clear step-by-step instructions for the cloning, expression, and analysis of a wide variety of recombinant proteins in plants, and for the cloning of genes into a number of different plant species. The book also describes promising experimental techniques that will become increasingly important in the future, and includes techniques for the characterization of medically important proteins expressed in plants.
Recombinant Proteins from Plants
by Rima Menassa Jacqueline Macdonald Igor KolotilinThis volume provides up-to-date scientific achievements from the world's top researchers. Recombinant Proteins from Plants: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition guides readers through protocolsfor use with a variety of plant expression systems. Various aspects of production are covered including vector selection and cloning; product improvements for stability, glycosylation, and antibiotic-free selection; extraction and scale-up; and analysis of transgenic plants and their recombinant proteins. Written for the Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Recombinant Proteins from Plants: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is an ideal reference for those who are interested in plant molecular biology and molecular farming.
Recombinant Proteins in Plants: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2480)
by Stefan Schillberg Holger SpiegelThis volume provided methods and protocols on recombinant protein production in different plant systems, downstream processing, and strategies to optimize protein expression. Chapters guide readers through recombinant protein production in important plant systems, protein recovery and purification, different strategies to optimise productivity, cloning and fusion protein approaches, and the regulation and freedom to operate analysis of plant-produced proteins. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Recombinant Proteins in Plants: Methods and Protocols aims to be useful to newcomers and experienced researchers interested in expanding their expertise in the field of plant-based protein production.Chapters 6, 8 and 17 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Recombinant and In Vitro RNA Synthesis
by Graeme L. ConnThe discovery of catalytic RNAs in the mid-1980s marked the beginning of a new era in RNA biology and an ever increasing appreciation of the diverse and critical roles played by this fascinating molecule. In Recombinant and In Vitro RNA Synthesis: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail approaches from the inception of a new RNA project to the final sample ready for analysis. These experimental protocols combine established work-horse approaches with some of the latest innovative methods for RNA synthesis and purification. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Recombinant and In Vitro RNA Synthesis: Methods and Protocols aids scientists in continuing to study the fascinating world of RNA.
Recombineering: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2479)
by Christopher R. ReischThis volume explores a collection of methods that studies genome editing across a variety of bacteria, phages, and plants. Chapters in this book cover topics such as scarless DNA recombineering of phage in the lysogenic state; HEMSE; Dup-In and DIRex; recombineering in Staphylococcus aureus; and genome editing with Cas9 in lactobacilli. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Recombineering: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for any researchers interested in learning more about this developing field.
Recommendations for Fatigue Design of Welded Joints and Components (IIW Collection)
by A. F. HobbacherThis book provides a basis for the design and analysis of welded components that are subjected to fluctuating forces, to avoid failure by fatigue. It is also a valuable resource for those on boards or commissions who are establishing fatigue design codes. For maximum benefit, readers should already have a working knowledge of the basics of fatigue and fracture mechanics. The purpose of designing a structure taking into consideration the limit state for fatigue damage is to ensure that the performance is satisfactory during the design life and that the survival probability is acceptable. The latter is achieved by the use of appropriate partial safety factors. This document has been prepared as the result of an initiative by Commissions XIII and XV of the International Institute of Welding (IIW).
Recommendations for Fatigue Design of Welded Joints and Components (IIW Collection)
by A. F. Hobbacher J. BaumgartnerThis book presents an enriched exploration of structural fatigue assessment. Now in its updated form, this comprehensive edition delves into foundational principles while introducing extensive revisions and fresh content. Notable enhancements include a refined discussion on stress determination, an expanded section on fatigue resistance, also for welded thin sheets, and a thorough update of crucial chapters such as fatigue assessment using S-N curves at constant and variable amplitudes as well as practical application of fracture mechanics on fatigue of welded joints. The addition of new chapters on high-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment, insightful statistical considerations based on IIW recommendations, and practical application examples further distinguish this edition. With updated references and meticulous attention to detail, this new edition emerges as an indispensable resource, offering professionals and enthusiasts a deeper understanding of fatigue assessment in structural engineering. Prepared as the result of an initiative by Commissions XIII and XV of the International Institute of Welding (IIW), this book represents a significant contribution to the field.
Recommended Practice for Corrosion Management of Pipelines in Oil & Gas Production and Transportation (European Federation Of Corrosion Publications)
by Bijan KermaniFirst Published in 2017. Pipeline integrity is key to maintaining operational success, safety and security and minimising harm to the environment. Corrosion is a dominant contributory factor to failures, leaks and integrity threats in pipelines. Therefore, its optimum control within an integrity management framework is paramount for the cost-effective design of facilities and ensuring continued, uninterrupted and safe operations within the expected design life. This recommended practice (RP) is a compendium of current best practices and state-of-the-art knowledge by major operators, engineering contractors and service companies involved in hydrocarbon pro-duction and transportation. The RP incorporates some minimum operational requirements and practices to ensure that when man-aging corrosion in pipelines, fundamental principles are followed. It covers management of corrosion for pipelines carrying hydrocarbons, injection water and/or produced water from design to decommissioning. It is structured to follow the logical steps of a basic corrosion management process and makes references to relevant and available international standards and/or recommended practices. It is intended for use by personnel from the petroleum industry having knowledge of corrosion and materials. It is hoped that this RP will prove to be a key reference document for engineers, suppliers and con-tractors working in the oil and gas industry, paving the way for corrosion-free operation of pipelines with the ultimate goal of improving safety, security and minimising the impact on the environment
Reconceiving the Gene: Seymour Benzer's Adventures in Phage Genetics
by Frederic Lawrence Holmes William C. SummersThis book relates how, between 1954 and 1961, the biologist Seymour Benzer mapped the fine structure of the region of the genome of the bacterial virus known as phage T4. Benzer's accomplishments are widely recognized as a tipping point in mid-twentieth-century molecular biology when the nature of the gene was recast in molecular terms. More often than any other individual, he is considered to have led geneticists from the classical gene into the molecular age. Drawing on Benzer's remarkably complete record of his experiments, his correspondence, and published sources, this book reconstructs how the former physicist initiated his work in phage biology and achieved his landmark investigation. The account of Benzer's creativity as a researcher is a fascinating story that also reveals intriguing aspects common to the scientific enterprise.
Reconceptualizing Early Mathematics Learning
by Joanne T. Mulligan Lyn D. EnglishThis book emanated primarily from concerns that the mathematical capabilities of young children continue to receive inadequate attention in both the research and instructional arenas. Research over many years has revealed that young children have sophisticated mathematical minds and a natural eagerness to engage in a range of mathematical activities. As the chapters in this book attest, current research is showing that young children are developing complex mathematical knowledge and abstract reasoning a good deal earlier than previously thought. A range of studies in prior to school and early school settings indicate that young learners do possess cognitive capacities which, with appropriately designed and implemented learning experiences, can enable forms of reasoning not typically seen in the early years. Although there is a large and coherent body of research on individual content domains such as counting and arithmetic, there have been remarkably few studies that have attempted to describe characteristics of structural development in young students' mathematics. Collectively, the chapters highlight the importance of providing more exciting, relevant, and challenging 21st century mathematics learning for our young students. The chapters provide a broad scope in their topics and approaches to advancing young children's mathematical learning. They incorporate studies that highlight the importance of pattern and structure across the curriculum, studies that target particular content such as statistics, early algebra, and beginning number, and studies that consider how technology and other tools can facilitate early mathematical development. Reconceptualising the professional learning of teachers in promoting young children's mathematics, including a consideration of the role of play, is also addressed.
Reconceptualizing STEM Education: The Central Role of Practices (Teaching and Learning in Science Series)
by Richard A. Duschl Amber S. BismackReconceptualizing STEM Education explores and maps out research and development ideas and issues around five central practice themes: Systems Thinking; Model-Based Reasoning; Quantitative Reasoning; Equity, Epistemic, and Ethical Outcomes; and STEM Communication and Outreach. These themes are aligned with the comprehensive agenda for the reform of science and engineering education set out by the 2015 PISA Framework, the US Next Generation Science Standards and the US National Research Council’s A Framework for K-12 Science Education. The new practice-focused agenda has implications for the redesign of preK-12 education for alignment of curriculum-instruction-assessment; STEM teacher education and professional development; postsecondary, further, and graduate studies; and out-of-school informal education. In each section, experts set out powerful ideas followed by two eminent discussant responses that both respond to and provoke additional ideas from the lead papers. In the associated website highly distinguished, nationally recognized STEM education scholars and policymakers engage in deep conversations and considerations addressing core practices that guide STEM education.
Reconciling Human Needs and Conserving Biodiversity: The Lake Tumba, Democratic Republic of Congo (Environmental History #12)
by Bila-Isia InogwabiniProtected areas have often been defined as the backbones of biodiversity conservation. Protected areas have often been defined as the backbones of biodiversity conservation. However, legitimate demands formulated by countries for their economic development, growing human populations, forest fragmentations, and needs of local communities for sustainable livelihoods are also pressing demands on protected areas, stringently pressuring conservation community to identify means to reconcile long term biodiversity conservation and communities’ livelihoods. Hence, integrating conservation activities within the global framework of economic development of countries with high biodiversity had become part of conservation paradigms. Integrated development as a route to conservation, strict protected areas, community managed areas, etc. have been tried but resulted in debatable outcomes in many ways. The lukewarm nature of these results brought ‘landscape approach’ at the front of biodiversity conservation in Central Africa. Since the late 1990s the landscape approach uses large areas with different functional attributes and shifts foundational biodiversity conservation paradigms. Changes are brought to the role traditionally attributed to local communities, aligning sustainable development with conservation and stretching conservation beyond the confines of traditional protected areas. These three shifts need a holistic approach to respond to different conservation questions. There are only a few instances where the landscape experience has been scientifically documented and lessons learnt drawn into a corpus of knowledge to guide future conservation initiatives across Central Africa. To subjugate one biodiversity conservation landscape as one case study emerged as a matter of urgency to present the potential knowledge acquired throughout the landscape experiment, including leadership and management, processes tried, results (at least partially) achieved, and why such and such other process or management arrangement were been chosen among many other alternatives, etc. The challenges of the implementation of the conservation landscape approach needed also to be documented. This book responds to the majority of these questions; drawing its content from the firsthand field knowledge, it discusses these shifts and documents what has been tried, how successful (unsuccessful) it was, and what lessons learnt from these trials. Theoretical questions such as threat index, and ecological services, etc. are also discussed and gaps in knowledge are identified.