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Regenerative-Adaptive Design for Sustainable Development: A Pattern Language Approach (Sustainable Development Goals Series)
by Phillip B. RoösIn this book, the author tests a regenerative-adaptive pattern language theory towards investigating the possibilities of a holistic, integrated design and planning method for sustainable development that incorporates the principles of regenerative design, as well as an adaptive pattern language that re-establishes our wholeness with nature, and considers the vulnerabilities of a changing landscape. The book examines an integral approach to contemporary theories of planning and design that explores the human-nature relationship patterns in social and spatial interconnections, between people and their natural environments. The interconnectedness of human and natural systems is used to scaffold possible solutions to address key environmental and sustainability issues that specifically address the need for patterns of behaviour that acknowledge the duality of ‘man and nature’. In 12 chapters, the book presents a holistic, regenerative-adaptive pattern language that encapsulates how communities can better appreciate landscape change under future climate effects, and acknowledges the importance to adapt to patterns of change of place and the environment and therefore inform the communities’ responses for sustainable development. The application of the regenerative-adaptive pattern language was tested along the Great Ocean Road region of the Victorian coast in Australia. The concluding chapters argues that for human settlements and cities to be resilient and sustainable, we must understand the interconnected patterns of human-built environments and natural systems, and how we function in a social-spatial dimension with these. The book is intended for practitioners and academic scholars with interest in sustainable development, regenerative design, pattern languages, biophilia, settlement planning, and climate change adaptation.
Regenesis
by George Church Ed RegisEveryone has heard of genetic engineering: we eat engineered foods, we take drugs made in engineered bacteria and yeast, and someday soon may drive our cars on fuel produced by engineered microorganisms. "Regenesis" is the story of where these technologies came from, and where theyOCOre going, told by the man leading the revolution: Harvard genetics professor George Church. While traditional genetic engineering introduces changes to an organism a few genes at a time, genomic engineering introduces changes on a wholesale basis, allowing for unprecedented feats of synthetic biological engineering. (The technique, called MAGE, was invented by the author. ) In "Regenesis," Church argues for the great potential of this technology, not only to make existing organisms more useful, but for inventing wholly new speciesOCobacterial, animal, and human. It promises to be a strange future, with biohackers building organisms in their garages, companies manufacturing toolkits of DNA parts for creating living machines, and much else. Researchers have already managed to get microbes to produce jet fuel, gasoline, and electricity. And even vaccines, drugs, and industrial chemicals (OC green chemistryOCO). They can reprogram bacteria to metabolize greenhouse gases and convert them into harmless, even beneficial substances. Still, incredible as they might seem, these exploits are minor advances compared to the catalog of wonders that full-blown genomic engineering will make possible, from resurrecting woolly mammoths and other extinct organisms to creating mirror life forms immune to disease. The rise of synthetic biology marks a fundamental transformation in the relationship between biology and nature. When humans can control the genetic makeup of organisms to the extent foreseen by synthetic biologists, nature will no longer be the exclusive arbiter of life, death, and evolution. "Regenesis" reveals what this not so far off future will look like.
Regenesis: How Synthetic Biology Will Reinvent Nature and Ourselves
by George Church Ed RegisImagine a future in which human beings have become immune to all viruses, in which bacteria can custom-produce everyday items, like a drinking cup, or generate enough electricity to end oil dependency. Building a house would entail no more work than planting a seed in the ground. These scenarios may seem far-fetched, but pioneering geneticist George Church and science writer Ed Regis show that synthetic biology is bringing us ever closer to making such visions a reality. InRegenesis, Church and Regis explorethe possibilities--and perils--of the emerging field of synthetic biology. Synthetic biology, in which living organisms are selectively altered by modifying substantial portions of their genomes, allows for the creation of entirely new species of organisms. Until now, nature has been the exclusive arbiter of life, death, and evolution; with synthetic biology, we now have the potential to write our own biological future. Indeed, as Church and Regis show, iteven enables us to revisit crucial points in the evolution of life and, through synthetic biological techniques, choose different paths from those nature originally took. Such exploits will involve far more than just microbial tinkering. Full-blown genomic engineering will make possible incredible feats, from resurrecting woolly mammoths and other extinct organisms to creating mirror life forms with a molecular structure the opposite of our own. These technologies--far from the out-of-control nightmare depicted in science fiction--have the power to improve human and animal health, increase our intelligence, enhance our memory, and even extend our life span. A breathtaking look at the potential of this world-changing technology,Regenesisis nothing less than a guide to the future of life.
Regenesis: How Synthetic Biology Will Reinvent Nature and Ourselves
by Ed Regis George M. Church"Bold and provocative. . . Regenesis tells of recent advances that may soon yield endless supplies of renewable energy, increased longevity and the return of long-extinct species. ”--New Scientist In Regenesis, Harvard biologist George Church and science writer Ed Regis explore the possibilities--and perils--of the emerging field of synthetic biology. Synthetic biology, in which living organisms are selectively altered by modifying substantial portions of their genomes, allows for the creation of entirely new species of organisms. These technologies--far from the out-of-control nightmare depicted in science fiction--have the power to improve human and animal health, increase our intelligence, enhance our memory, and even extend our life span. A breathtaking look at the potential of this world-changing technology, Regenesis is nothing less than a guide to the future of life.
Regents Chemistry--Physical Setting Power Pack Revised Edition: The Physical Setting (Barron's Regents NY)
by Albert S. Tarendash M.S.Barron&’s two-book Regents Chemistry Power Pack provides comprehensive review, actual administered exams, and practice questions to help students prepare for the Chemistry Regents exam. All Regents test dates for 2020 have been canceled. Currently the State Education Department of New York has released tentative test dates for the 2021 Regents. The dates are set for January 26-29, 2021, June 15-25, 2021, and August 12-13th. This edition includes:Regents Exams and Answers: ChemistryEight actual administered Regents Chemistry exams so students can get familiar with the testThorough explanations for all answersSelf-analysis charts to help identify strengths and weaknessesTest-taking techniques and strategiesA detailed outline of all major topics tested on this examA glossary of important terms to know for test dayLet's Review Regents: ChemistryExtensive review of all topics on the testExtra practice questions with answersA detailed introduction to the Regents Chemistry course and examOne actual, recently released, Regents Chemistry exam with an answer keyThe Power Pack includes two volumes for a savings of $4.99.
Regents Exams and Answers Physics Physical Setting Revised Edition (Barron's Regents NY)
by Miriam Lazar M.S. Ed.Barron&’s Regents Exams and Answers: Physics 2020 provides essential review for students taking the Physics Regents, including actual exams administered for the course, thorough answer explanations, and comprehensive review of all topics. All Regents test dates for 2020 have been canceled. Currently the State Education Department of New York has released tentative test dates for the 2021 Regents. The dates are set for January 26-29, 2021, June 15-25, 2021, and August 12-13th. This edition features:Eight actual, administered Regents exams so students can get familiar with the testComprehensive review questions grouped by topic, to help refresh skills learned in classThorough explanations for all answersScore analysis charts to help identify strengths and weaknessesStudy tips and test-taking strategiesLooking for additional practice and review? Check out Barron&’s Regents Physics Power Pack 2020 two-volume set, which includes Let&’s Review Regents: Physics 2020 in addition to the Regents Exams and Answers: Physics book.
Regents Exams and Answers: Chemistry--Physical Setting 2020 (Barron's Regents NY)
by Albert TarendashBarron’s Regents Exams and Answers: Chemistry 2020 provides essential practice for students taking the Chemistry Regents, including actual recently administered exams and thorough answer explanations for all questions. This book features: * Eight actual administered Regents Chemistry exams so students can get familiar with the test * Thorough explanations for all answers * Self-analysis charts to help identify strengths and weaknesses * Test-taking techniques and strategies * A detailed outline of all major topics tested on this exam * A glossary of important terms to know for test day Looking for additional practice and review? Check out Barron’s Regents Chemistry Power Pack 2020 two-volume set, which includes Let’s Review Regents: Chemistry 2020 in addition to the Regents Exams and Answers: Chemistry 2020 book.
Regents Exams and Answers: Chemistry--Physical Setting Revised Edition (Barron's Regents NY)
by Albert Tarendash M.S.Barron&’s Regents Exams and Answers: Chemistry provides essential practice for students taking the Chemistry Regents, including actual recently administered exams and thorough answer explanations for all questions. All Regents test dates for 2020 have been canceled. Currently the State Education Department of New York has released tentative test dates for the 2021 Regents. The dates are set for January 26-29, 2021, June 15-25, 2021, and August 12-13th. This book features:Eight actual administered Regents Chemistry exams so students can get familiar with the testThorough explanations for all answersSelf-analysis charts to help identify strengths and weaknessesTest-taking techniques and strategiesA detailed outline of all major topics tested on this examA glossary of important terms to know for test dayLooking for additional practice and review? Check out Barron&’s Regents Chemistry Power Pack two-volume set, which includes Let&’s Review Regents: Chemistry in addition to the Regents Exams and Answers: Chemistry book.
Regents Exams and Answers: Living Environment 2020 (Barron's Regents)
by Gregory Scott HunterBarron’s Regents Exams and Answers: Living Environment 2020 provides essential review for students taking the Living Environment Regents, including actual exams administered for the course, thorough answer explanations, and comprehensive review of all topics. This edition features: Four actual Regents exams to help students get familiar with the test format, Comprehensive review questions grouped by topic, to help refresh skills learned in class, Thorough explanations for all answers, Score analysis charts to help identify strengths and weaknesses, Study tips and test-taking strategies. Looking for additional practice and review? Check out Barron’s Regents Living Environment Power Pack 2020 two-volume set, which includes Let’s Review Regents: Living Environment 2020 in addition to the Regents Exams and Answers: Living Environment 2020 book.
Regents Exams and Answers: Living Environment Revised Edition (Barron's Regents NY)
by Gregory Scott HunterBarron&’s Regents Exams and Answers: Living Environment provides essential review for students taking the Living Environment Regents, including actual exams administered for the course, thorough answer explanations, and comprehensive review of all topics. All Regents test dates for 2020 have been canceled. Currently the State Education Department of New York has released tentative test dates for the 2021 Regents. The dates are set for January 26-29, 2021, June 15-25, 2021, and August 12-13th. This edition features:Four actual Regents exams to help students get familiar with the test formatComprehensive review questions grouped by topic, to help refresh skills learned in classThorough explanations for all answersScore analysis charts to help identify strengths and weaknessesStudy tips and test-taking strategiesLooking for additional practice and review? Check out Barron&’s Regents Living Environment Power Pack two-volume set, which includes Let&’s Review Regents: Living Environment in addition to the Regents Exams and Answers: Living Environment book.
Regents Exams and Answers: Physics--Physical Setting 2020 (Barron's Regents)
by Miriam Lazar M.S. Ed.Barron’s Regents Exams and Answers: Physics 2020 provides essential review for students taking the Physics Regents, including actual exams administered for the course, thorough answer explanations, and comprehensive review of all topics. This edition features: Seven actual, administered Regents exams so students can get familiar with the test, Comprehensive review questions grouped by topic, to help refresh skills learned in class, Thorough explanations for all answers, Score analysis charts to help identify strengths and weaknesses, Study tips and test-taking strategies. Looking for additional practice and review? Check out Barron’s Regents Physics Power Pack 2020 two-volume set, which includes Let’s Review Regents: Physics 2020 in addition to the Regents Exams and Answers: Physics book.
Regents Living Environment Power Pack Revised Edition (Barron's Regents NY)
by Gregory Scott HunterBarron&’s two-book Regents Living Environment Power Pack provides comprehensive review, actual administered exams, and practice questions to help students prepare for the Biology Regents exam. All Regents test dates for 2020 have been canceled. Currently the State Education Department of New York has released tentative test dates for the 2021 Regents. The dates are set for January 26-29, 2021, June 15-25, 2021, and August 12-13th. This edition includes:Four actual Regents examsRegents Exams and Answers: Living EnvironmentFour actual, administered Regents exams so students can get familiar with the testComprehensive review questions grouped by topic, to help refresh skills learned in classThorough explanations for all answersScore analysis charts to help identify strengths and weaknessesStudy tips and test-taking strategiesLet's Review Regents: Living EnvironmentExtensive review of all topics on the testExtra practice questions with answersOne actual Regents examThe Power Pack includes two volumes for a savings of $4.99.
Regents Physics--Physical Setting Power Pack Revised Edition (Barron's Regents NY)
by Albert Tarendash M.S. Miriam A. Lazar M.S.Barron&’s Regents Physics Power Pack provides comprehensive review, actual administered exams, and practice questions to help students prepare for the Physics Regents exam. All Regents test dates for 2020 have been canceled. Currently the State Education Department of New York has released tentative test dates for the 2021 Regents. The dates are set for January 26-29, 2021, June 15-25, 2021, and August 12-13th. This edition includes:Two actual Regents exams onlineRegents Exams and Answers: Physics--Physical SettingFour actual, administered Regents exams so students have the practice they need to prepare for the testReview questions grouped by topic, to help refresh skills learned in classThorough explanations for all answersScore analysis charts to help identify strengths and weaknessesStudy tips and test-taking strategiesLet&’s Review Regents: Physics--Physical SettingComprehensive review of all topics on the testExtra practice questions with answersOne actual, administered Regents Physics exam with answer keyThe Power Pack includes two volumes for a savings of $4.99.
Reggie The Rocket: What Goes Up Usually Comes Back Down
by Douglas AndersonThe story of Reggie The Rocket closely tracks the history of the 1960s British Blue Streak rocket program. The author Douglas Anderson worked on the assembly and testing of the Rolls-Royce RZ2 engines powering the Blue Streak and was present in Woomera, Australia, for the launch of F3. Based on that experience, Douglas has assigned a personality to the rockets and has thus woven a whimsical element into an otherwise historical account of the Blue Streak Program. Reggie The Rocket is F3, the third in line to be launched, and Douglas was there to cheer him on. It is a sad reality that most heavy-lift booster rockets have been launched only to return to earth as scrap metal or to have disappeared into the ocean depths. Only now, fifty years after Blue Streak, are serious attempts being made to return booster rockets safely back to the launch pad under their own power so they can be reused. The days of 'throw away' rockets must surely come to an end if humans are to continue with orbital flights and deep space exploration.
Regimens of the Mind: Boyle, Locke, and the Early Modern Cultura Animi Tradition
by Sorana CorneanuIn Regimens of the Mind, Sorana Corneanu proposes a new approach to the epistemological and methodological doctrines of the leading experimental philosophers of seventeenth-century England, an approach that considers their often overlooked moral, psychological, and theological elements. Corneanu focuses on the views about the pursuit of knowledge in the writings of Robert Boyle and John Locke, as well as in those of several of their influences, including Francis Bacon and the early Royal Society virtuosi. She argues that their experimental programs of inquiry fulfill the role of regimens for curing, ordering, and educating the mind toward an ethical purpose, an idea she tracks back to the ancient tradition of cultura animi. Corneanu traces this idea through its early modern revival and illustrates how it organizes the experimental philosophers’ reflections on the discipline of judgment, the study of nature, and the study of Scripture. It is through this lens, the author suggests, that the core features of the early modern English experimental philosophy—including its defense of experience, its epistemic modesty, its communal nature, and its pursuit of “objectivity”—are best understood.
Regional Assessment of Climate Change in the Mediterranean
by Antonio Navarra Laurence TubianaThis is the third volume of a three-volume final report, which thoroughly describes, synthesizes and analyzes the results of the four-year Integrated Research Project CIRCE - Climate Change and Impact Research: Mediterranean Environment, funded by the EU 6th Framework Programme. Conducted under the auspices of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Rome, Italy, the study was designed to predict and to quantify the physical impacts of climate change in the Mediterranean, and to assess the most influential consequences for the population of the region.
Regional Climates of the British Isles
by Julian Mayes Dennis WheelerGlobal climate and the effects of global warming are commanding unprecedented interest as climates grow more dynamic and changeable. How does global warming change patterns of climate? Why is the weather and climate of the British Isles so variable? Regional Climates of the British Isles presents a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the diverse climate of the British Isles. <p><p> Examining the ways in which regional climates evolve from the interplay of meteorological conditions and geography of the British Isles, leading climatologists provide detailed explanations of the climatic characteristics of eleven regions of the British Isles. Climatic distinctiveness and local weather contrasts are described for each region, together with a summary of climatic data from 1961 to the present. <p> Reviewing the history and causes of climatic change and evaluating regional models, Regional Climates of the British Isles offers an important analysis of climatic variations. Examining future climatic change and its likely consequences, the authors acknowledge the need for regionally diverse responses to the greenhouse effect.
Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS #2014)
by Mohd Amli Abdullah Wan Kalthom Yahya Nazirah Ramli Siti Rosiah Mohamed Badli Esham AhmadThis book features more than 95 papers that were presented at the bi-annual Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences, RCSTSS 2014, which was organized by Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang. It covers topics ranging from communications studies, politics, psychology, education, religious studies as well as business and economics. The papers, which have been carefully reviewed, include research conducted by academicians locally, regionally and globally. They detail invaluable insights on the important roles played by the various disciplines in science, technology and social sciences. Coverage includes accounting, art and design, business, communication, economics, education, finance, humanity, information management, marketing, music, religion, social sciences and tourism. Throughout, clear illustrations, figures and diagrams complement the research. The book is a significant point of reference to academicians and students who want to pursue further research in their respective fields. It also serves as a platform to disseminate research findings as a catalyst to bring out positive innovations on the development of the region.
Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS #2014)
by Nor Azizah Yacob Mesliza Mohamed Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat HanafiahThis book gathers selected science and technology papers that were presented at the 2014 Regional Conference of Sciences, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014). The bi-annual Conference is organized by Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Maylasia. The papers address a broad range of topics including architecture, life sciences, robotics, sustainable development, engineering, food science and mathematics. The book serves as a platform for disseminating research findings, as a catalyst to inspire positive innovations in the development of the region. The carefully-reviewed papers in this volume present research by academicians of local, regional and global prominence. Out of more than 200 manuscripts presented at the conference by researchers from local and foreign universities and institutions of higher learning, 64 papers were chosen for inclusion in this publication. The papers are organized in more than a dozen broad categories, spanning the range of scientific research: * Engineering * Robotics * Mathematics & Statistics * Computer & Information Technology * Forestry * Plantation & Agrotechnology * Sports Science & Recreation * Health & Medicine * Biology * Physics * Food Science * Environment Science & Management * Sustainable Development * Architecture The book provides a significant point of reference for academics, researchers and students in many fields who need deeper research.
Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences: Theoretical And Applied Sciences (RCSTSS #2016)
by Nor Azizah Yacob Nur Asmaliza Mohd Noor Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus Rahmah Lob Yussof Shaikh Abdul Karim Yamani ZakariaThis book gathers selected theoretical and applied science papers presented at the 2016 Regional Conference of Sciences, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2016), organized biannually by the Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Malaysia. Addressing a broad range of topics, including architecture, computer science, engineering, environmental and management, furniture, forestry, health and medicine, material science, mathematics, plantation and agrotechnology, sports science and statistics, the book serves as an essential platform for disseminating research findings, and inspires positive innovations in the region’s development.The carefully reviewed papers in this volume present work by researchers of local, regional and global prominence. Taken together, they offer a valuable reference guide and point of departure for all academics and students who want to pursue further research in their respective fields.
Regional Development Planning and Practice: Contemporary Issues in South Asia (Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences)
by Soumendu Chatterjee R. B. Singh Mukunda Mishra Andrews José de LucenaThis book, through a bunch of systematic and analytical notes and scientific commentaries, acquaints the readers with the innovative methods of regional development, measurement of the development in regional scale, regional development models, and policy prescriptions. Conceptualizing development as a regional process is a geographer's brainchild, and the sense of region has long been rooted deeply in the fundamental research practices that geographers are accustomed to. The geographical perspective of regions entails conceptualizing them nested horizontally as the formal region and hierarchical relationships in space with spatial flows or interactions as the functional region. In geographical research, the region works as a tool by serving as a statistical unit of analysis. More importantly, however, regions serve as the fundamental spatial units of management and planning by specifying a territory or a part of it for which a certain spatial development or regulatory plan is sought. This book addresses the complex processes in different regions of the world, particularly South Asia, to perceive the regional development planning involved and the sustainable management practiced there. The book is a useful resource for socio-economic planners, policymakers, and policy researchers.
Regional Dimensions of Human Development in India and South Africa: Through Sustainable Development Goals (Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences)
by Utsav Kumar SinghThis book offers a comparative study of the progress made by two regional economies with many similarities—India and South Africa—in pursuit of human development by applying Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this effort, book traverses the stages in public policy from planning to implementation, and from reach to range, in pursuit of inclusive growth and well-being for all. The book includes cross-national qualitative as well as quantitative studies and deeper analyses of India, and South Africa in respect of long-term development goals. This book attempted to solve the following puzzle: despite the stupendous growth rate, why is India's performance lower than South Africa's in terms of human development indicators? This book addresses this puzzle by drawing attention to welfare approaches. These two countries have unique federal structures that uphold the unbalanced states together, and this book argues that uneven development challenges need asymmetric strategies, contrary to the axiom that the SDGs are indivisible. Further advancement of India and South Africa depends on transforming their quantity (large youth population) into quality (human capital). Both countries are also striving to create platforms to unleash human potential, which is critically examined.
Regional Economic Development: The Federal Role (Routledge Revivals)
by Gordon C. CameronFirst published in 1970, Regional Economic Development: The Federal Role examines the economic viability of depressed areas and regions. This book questions whether there is adequate justification, on national economic grounds, for Federal involvement with distressed area revitalisation and looks at the main guidelines for intervention in relation to typology of distressed areas. This title is an ideal resource for students interested in politics, macroeconomics, and federal policies concerning the revitalisation of distressed areas and economies.
Regional Environmental Changes in Siberia and Their Global Consequences
by Garik Gutman Pavel Ya. GroismanThis volume presents a state-of-the-art assessment of the Earth's climate system in Siberia and relationships between climate, ecosystems and people in that region. Changes in climatic variables and land cover in Siberia are among the earliest indicators of the Earth's response to climate warming. The volume is a compilation of results from studies on climate, land-cover and land-use changes and their interactions with biogeochemical and water cycles, atmospheric aerosol, and human and wildlife populations in Siberia. Regional changes in Siberia are predicted to affect climate and people on a global scale. NASA, the Russian Academy of Sciences, and several European institutions have supported these studies. The primary supporter of the projects that produced the results compiled in this volume is the NASA Land-Cover/Land-Use Change Program, hence most studies use remote sensing in their research. The chapters in this volume were written by an international team of scientists from the USA, Europe and Russia under the auspices of the Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEESPI). This book will be of interest to those involved in studying recent and ongoing changes in Siberia, be they senior scientists, early career scientists or students.
Regional Fisheries Management Organizations: The interplay between governance and science
by Leandra R. GonçalvesThis book analyzes empirical data from three specific Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) designed to establish rules for the conservation and management of fish stocks in the ocean, in order to assess their effectiveness in converting science into policy for the recovery and maintenance of fishery populations. The three RFMOs discussed are the CCAMLR (Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources), the ICCAT (International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas) and the CCSBT (Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna). The book seeks to understand when governments choose to listen to science, and establishes a framework to examine the institutional designs currently in place to accommodate RFMO policy suggestions and the conditions under which they are implemented successfully. The study will be of interest to academics and professionals broadly interested in global environmental governance and international relations, and will specifically appeal to policymakers, conservationists, and environmental researchers interested in fishery management and policy at the global and regional scale. Gonçalves provides an accessible and comprehensive analysis of RMFOs. She offers valuable insights into the role of science and politics in shaping sustainable fisheries policies for the open oceans. ---Peter M Haas, Professor Department of Political Science, University of Massachusetts AmherstAs envisaged by the UN Decade of Ocean proclamation, this book is an important and sincere effort, hopefully to be accompanied by many others to come during this promising decade, that will help to build a common framework to ensure that ocean science can support countries and the international community in creating improved conditions for the sustainable development of our cherished Ocean.---Fabio H. Hazin - Professor at Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil